WO2022144809A1 - Procédé de renforcement par onde laser de pièces - Google Patents

Procédé de renforcement par onde laser de pièces Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022144809A1
WO2022144809A1 PCT/IB2021/062444 IB2021062444W WO2022144809A1 WO 2022144809 A1 WO2022144809 A1 WO 2022144809A1 IB 2021062444 W IB2021062444 W IB 2021062444W WO 2022144809 A1 WO2022144809 A1 WO 2022144809A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid
laser
flow
layer
treated
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2021/062444
Other languages
English (en)
Russian (ru)
Inventor
Дмитрий ЧУХЛАНЦЕВ
Владимир УМНОВ
Original Assignee
Дмитрий ЧУХЛАНЦЕВ
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from RU2020144265A external-priority patent/RU2020144265A/ru
Application filed by Дмитрий ЧУХЛАНЦЕВ filed Critical Дмитрий ЧУХЛАНЦЕВ
Publication of WO2022144809A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022144809A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
    • B23K26/122—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in a liquid, e.g. underwater
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/146—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor the fluid stream containing a liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
    • B23K26/356—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment by shock processing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
    • C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
    • C21D7/06—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by shot-peening or the like

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to means of laser shock-wave hardening of the surface of parts and materials, in particular, to laser hardening.
  • a system and method of laser impact hardening including a laser, a laser control device, an optical path converter configured to form ring laser radiation and a water supply system consisting of a tank , inlet and outlet pipes, providing the possibility of supplying water from the tank to the nozzle located inside the annular laser for spraying water, a water flow regulator connected to the water inlet pipe and used to regulate the flow rate and pressure of the water flow.
  • a water supply system consisting of a tank , inlet and outlet pipes, providing the possibility of supplying water from the tank to the nozzle located inside the annular laser for spraying water, a water flow regulator connected to the water inlet pipe and used to regulate the flow rate and pressure of the water flow.
  • the known system and method of laser impact hardening (patent WO 2014170868 A1 , publication date 2014-10-23) is selected, containing a device for generating and transmitting a laser pulse to the processing object; a source of liquid for its supply to the treatment zone; an inlet through which a confining layer of liquid is supplied parallel to the treatment surface; an outlet through which liquid flows; a fluid flow channel located between the inlet and outlet; and a solid medium that is transparent to the incident laser light to allow the laser pulse to pass through; wherein the fluid flow path from inlet to outlet, 5 to 10 mm long, is sandwiched between the solid medium and the treatment surface, so that the liquid is in direct contact with the solid medium and the object to be treated, thereby eliminating any air-liquid interface along the way.
  • the disadvantages of the known system is the lack of regulation of the fluid flow rate, as well as the occurrence of significant gas bubbles and eddies in the liquid after each pulsed laser exposure, which requires a significant amount of time to restore the laminar nature of its flow.
  • a significant thickness of the liquid layer through which a laser pulse will lead to significant losses of its energy and heating of the liquid when using high-energy solid-state laser radiation with a wavelength of 1.06 ⁇ m and an energy per pulse of more than 10 J, which is necessary to obtain a hardened layer with a thickness of more than 1 mm.
  • the problem solved by the present invention is to improve the quality and productivity of the process of laser impact hardening.
  • a distinctive feature of the present invention is the use of ultrasonic vibrations to suppress the formation of gas bubbles and eddies in the flow of the retaining liquid layer under laser impact and increase the stability of the optical properties of this layer.
  • FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a setup for laser impact hardening.
  • FIG. 2 shows the arrangement of channels for supplying liquid to the treatment zone.
  • Laser impact hardening of the surface of treated objects is provided by a high-energy shock wave that is generated in a laser plasma using high-energy laser pulses.
  • the surface of the workpiece is covered with an absorber layer (a layer of paint or film), which absorbs laser radiation well and is opaque to it. Focused laser radiation is directed to the surface and interacts with the absorber layer. In this case, the absorber layer evaporates and a plasma torch is formed. The pressure in the isolated plasma increases rapidly, causing a shock wave that penetrates the material of the workpiece through the remainder of the opaque absorber layer and simultaneously propagates in the opposite direction from the workpiece surface.
  • a layer of a transparent medium or material is created on the treated surface, which isolates the plasma from the atmosphere and serves as an acoustic wave reflector to create a more powerful shock wave penetrating the material. workpiece.
  • the easiest way to create a layer of a transparent medium or material is to place a layer of liquid (eg water, glycerin or mixtures thereof) on the treated surface.
  • the liquid is used not for cooling, but for isolating the plasma from an easily compressible atmosphere.
  • the pressure created by the plasma on the surface of the part increases up to 10 times.
  • gas bubbles of evaporation products and swirl centers inevitably arise.
  • Ultrasonic waves propagate into the liquid medium, causing alternative high pressure (compression) and low pressure (depressure) cycles to form at a frequency dependent rate.
  • This physical effect is known as ultrasonic degassing (see, for example, the Internet publication at htp://www.ultrazvuc.ru/processe/processes area id/1 /processes id/24).
  • ultrasonic waves create vacuum bubbles of microscopic volume or voids evenly spaced in the liquid.
  • larger gas bubbles which form an absorbing layer as a result of evaporation, will collapse and fill microscopic vacuum bubbles, which, without having time to combine into large bubbles, together with the remains of the absorbing layer, will be carried away by the liquid flow.
  • Ultrasonic waves also shake off bubbles from the surface of the container and avoid turbulent mixing of liquid layers.
  • the frequency of ultrasonic waves is 22-24 kHz, and the amplitude is selected experimentally depending on the viscosity of the liquid, the dimensions of the structural elements of the head and the parameters of the laser impact hardening process.
  • the method of laser impact hardening of parts in accordance with the present invention is that
  • the method is implemented by the installation shown in Fig.1.
  • the installation contains a device 1 for generating and transmitting a laser pulse 2 to the processing zone.
  • the installation contains a pump 4 connected to the liquid tank 6, which supplies liquid to the processing zone 25.
  • the installation includes an outer case 17 and an inner case 14, fastened, for example, by a threaded connection.
  • a flat transparent element 20 is installed, as shown in Fig.1.
  • the flat transparent element 20 can be made in the form of a disk or a prism 20. It is advisable to use glass as the material of the transparent element, for example, quartz glass, installed between the outer case 17 and the inner case 14. To adjust the installation height of the transparent element 20, replaceable gaskets 22 can be used. , 23, 24.
  • the installation contains a line for supplying a liquid medium to the treatment zone 25.
  • This line includes internal housing 14 channel 15 and an annular groove 16, which are connected with oblique (oblique) grooves 21 located in the outer housing 17 and communicated with the processing area 25. It is advisable to perform the grooves 21 evenly around the entire perimeter of the processing area 25.
  • Figure 2 shows an embodiment grooves 21 in the case of a processing zone in the form of a circle.
  • a fitting 9 can be used to supply a liquid medium to channel 15.
  • a liquid flow regulator 5 can be included in the liquid medium supply line 5.
  • the side surface of the flat transparent element 20 can be made inclined at an angle equal to the angle of the bevel (tilt) of the grooves 21 as shown in Fig.1.
  • the installation may additionally contain a sensor 8 for measuring the pressure of the liquid in the zone 25 of the shock-wave action of the laser beam.
  • the sensor 8 is connected to the processing zone 25, for example, through a fitting 10 and a channel 18 made in the inner housing 14.
  • the pressure sensor 8 can be connected to the controller 7 to control the operation of the fluid flow controller 5.
  • a source of ultrasonic vibrations 12 and an acoustic transformer 13 can be used.
  • the operation of the device for creating a liquid retaining layer with laser impact hardening is as follows.
  • an absorbing layer 19 is applied to the surface of the object 3 of treatment.
  • the installation is placed above the surface 3 of the treatment so that the gap (distance) between the absorbing layer 19 and the flat transparent element 20 is 1 -2 mm.
  • pump 4 Turn on pump 4 and provide supply of liquid medium from tank 6 through flow regulator 5, fitting 9, channel 15, annular groove 16 and chamfered grooves 21 into zone 25 of the shock-wave action of the laser beam.
  • the space between the treated surface 3 and the flat transparent element 20 is filled with liquid. This space is leaky and the liquid flows freely from the processing zone 25 through the gap between the outer casing 17 and the surface of the processing object 3.
  • the source of ultrasonic vibrations 12 and the acoustic transformer 13 are turned on, and due to adjustments (changes in the oscillation frequency, oscillation intensity, liquid medium supply rate, and others), the laminar nature of the flow of the liquid medium in the processing zone 25 is ensured.
  • the oscillation amplitude of the acoustic transformer 13 is changed by adjusting the parameters of the source of ultrasonic vibrations 12.
  • the bubbles with gas which form as a result of evaporation of the absorbing layer, will collapse and fill the microscopic vacuum bubbles formed as a result of exposure to ultrasound, which, without having time to combine into large bubbles, will be carried away by the liquid flow along with the remnants of the absorbing layer.
  • Ultrasonic waves also shake off bubbles from the surface of the structural elements of the head, destroy the remnants of the absorbing layer and avoid turbulent mixing of liquid layers after pulsed laser exposure. In the zone of shock-wave action of the laser beam 25, a constant uniform liquid medium and the laminar nature of its outflow are formed.
  • a distinctive feature of this utility model is the use of a source of ultrasonic vibrations mounted on the head with the ability to suppress the process of formation of gas bubbles and eddies in the flow of the confining fluid during laser impact, as well as the creation of a laser beam in the zone of shock-wave impact, limited by a transparent solid medium, surface processing and the protruding part of the outer body of the head of a stabilized adjustable excess pressure of the liquid, and a transparent solid medium is installed with the possibility of changing the distance from its surface to the processing surface and, therefore, the volume of the above zone.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des moyens de renforcement par ondes de choc laser de la surface de pièces et de matériaux. Ce procédé consiste à appliquer, sur la surface d'une pièce à traiter, une couche absorbant un rayonnement laser. On dispose ladite surface à traiter sous un élément transparent plan en respectant un jour. On génère un flux de milieu liquide dans ledit jour. On agit sur ledit flux avec des oscillations ultraviolettes afin de former un flux laminaire. On génère des impulsions de renforcement de choc laser et on agit avec celles-ci sur ladite surface à traiter via ledit élément transparent plan et ledit flux laminaire de milieu liquide. Le résultat technique consiste en une augmentation de la qualité de traitement.
PCT/IB2021/062444 2020-12-31 2021-12-29 Procédé de renforcement par onde laser de pièces WO2022144809A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RU2020144265A RU2020144265A (ru) 2020-12-31 Способ лазерного ударного упрочнения деталей
RU2020144265 2020-12-31

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2022144809A1 true WO2022144809A1 (fr) 2022-07-07

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Family Applications (1)

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PCT/IB2021/062444 WO2022144809A1 (fr) 2020-12-31 2021-12-29 Procédé de renforcement par onde laser de pièces

Country Status (1)

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WO (1) WO2022144809A1 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001005549A2 (fr) * 1999-07-19 2001-01-25 The Regents Of The University Of California Façonnage de metaux par martelage laser
WO2014170868A1 (fr) * 2013-04-19 2014-10-23 University Of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Système et procédé de martelage par choc laser sur une cible avec un passage d'écoulement de fluide pris en sandwich entre un support solide transparent à la lumière laser et la cible
CN104942442A (zh) * 2015-06-11 2015-09-30 温州大学 激光微加工装置及其方法
US9649722B2 (en) * 2013-03-15 2017-05-16 Illinois Institute Of Technology Ultrasound-assisted water-confined laser micromachining

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001005549A2 (fr) * 1999-07-19 2001-01-25 The Regents Of The University Of California Façonnage de metaux par martelage laser
US9649722B2 (en) * 2013-03-15 2017-05-16 Illinois Institute Of Technology Ultrasound-assisted water-confined laser micromachining
WO2014170868A1 (fr) * 2013-04-19 2014-10-23 University Of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Système et procédé de martelage par choc laser sur une cible avec un passage d'écoulement de fluide pris en sandwich entre un support solide transparent à la lumière laser et la cible
CN104942442A (zh) * 2015-06-11 2015-09-30 温州大学 激光微加工装置及其方法

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