WO2022139251A1 - 폭방향을 따라 우수한 점 용접성이 균등하게 구현되는 고강도 용융아연도금 강판 및 그 제조방법 - Google Patents
폭방향을 따라 우수한 점 용접성이 균등하게 구현되는 고강도 용융아연도금 강판 및 그 제조방법 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022139251A1 WO2022139251A1 PCT/KR2021/018408 KR2021018408W WO2022139251A1 WO 2022139251 A1 WO2022139251 A1 WO 2022139251A1 KR 2021018408 W KR2021018408 W KR 2021018408W WO 2022139251 A1 WO2022139251 A1 WO 2022139251A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- steel sheet
- less
- width direction
- plated steel
- oxide layer
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 190
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 190
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 69
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 71
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 18
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 18
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 16
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 14
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 12
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010960 cold rolled steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001035 Soft ferrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000794 TRIP steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052840 fayalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 Zinc-Magnesium-Aluminum Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011978 dissolution method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 description 1
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013077 target material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
- C21D1/76—Adjusting the composition of the atmosphere
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/84—Controlled slow cooling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0263—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/008—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
- C23C2/022—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
- C23C2/022—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating
- C23C2/0224—Two or more thermal pretreatments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
- C23C2/024—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by cleaning or etching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
- C23C2/29—Cooling or quenching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
- C23C2/36—Elongated material
- C23C2/40—Plates; Strips
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article
- C21D2221/02—Edge parts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet in which excellent spot weldability is uniformly realized along a width direction and a method for manufacturing the same.
- High-strength steel usually means a steel having a strength of 490 MPa or more, but is not necessarily limited thereto, but transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steel, twin induced plasticity (TWIP) steel, abnormal structure ( Dual Phase (DP) steel, Complex Phase (CP) steel, etc. may correspond to this.
- automotive steel is supplied in the form of a plated steel sheet coated on the surface to ensure corrosion resistance. It is widely used as a material for automobiles because it has high corrosion resistance by using sacrificial corrosion resistance.
- a high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet in which excellent spot weldability is uniformly realized along a width direction and a method for manufacturing the same can be provided.
- a galvanized steel sheet according to an aspect of the present invention is a galvanized steel sheet including a base steel sheet and a zinc-based plating layer provided on the surface of the base steel sheet, and the average depth (a) of the internal oxide layer formed on the base steel sheet is 2 ⁇ m.
- the difference (b-c) between the average depth of the internal oxide layer on the side of the edge portion in the width direction of the plated steel sheet (b) and the depth of the average internal oxide layer on the center of the width direction of the plated steel sheet (b-c) may exceed zero.
- the average internal oxide layer depth (b) on the edge side is a point spaced 0.5 cm from the width direction edge of the plated steel sheet to the center side of the plated steel sheet along the width direction of the plated steel sheet and the plating from the width direction edge of the plated steel sheet. It is the average value of the inner oxide layer depth measured at a point 1.0 cm apart from the center side of the plated steel sheet along the width direction of the steel sheet, and the average inner oxide layer depth (c) of the center is the width direction edge of the plated steel sheet from the edge of the plated steel sheet.
- a point spaced apart by 15 cm toward the center of the plated steel sheet along the width direction, a point spaced 30 cm from the edge of the plated steel sheet in the width direction toward the center of the plated steel sheet along the width direction of the plated steel sheet, and the width direction of the plated steel sheet It is the average value of the internal oxide layer depth measured at the center, and the average depth (a) of the internal oxide layer formed on the base steel sheet is the average value of the average internal oxide layer depth (b) on the edge side and the average internal oxide layer depth (c) at the center can
- a plating adhesion amount of the zinc-based plating layer may be 30 to 70 g/m 2 .
- the base steel sheet is, by weight%, C: 0.05 to 1.5%, Si: 2.5% or less, Mn: 1.5 to 20.0%, S-Al (acid soluble aluminum): 3.0% or less, Cr: 2.5% or less, Mo: 1.0% or less, B: 0.005% or less, Nb: 0.2% or less, Ti: 0.2% or less, Sb+Sn+Bi: 0.1% or less, N: 0.01% or less, balance Fe and unavoidable impurities.
- the tensile strength of the galvanized steel sheet may be 900 MPa or more.
- the thickness of the base steel sheet may be 1.0 ⁇ 2.0mm.
- a method for manufacturing a galvanized steel sheet according to an aspect of the present invention comprises the steps of reheating a steel slab to a temperature range of 950 to 1300 °C; providing a hot-rolled steel sheet by hot-rolling the reheated slab to a finishing rolling start temperature of 900 to 1150° C.
- the plate speed during the annealing may be 40 ⁇ 130mpm.
- the steel slab is, in wt%, C: 0.05 to 0.30%, Si: 2.5% or less, Mn: 1.5 to 10.0%, S-Al (acid soluble aluminum): 1.0% or less, Cr: 2.0% or less, Mo: 0.2% or less, B: 0.005% or less, Nb: 0.1% or less, Ti: 0.1% or less, Sb+Sn+Bi: 0.05% or less, N: 0.01% or less, remainder Fe and unavoidable impurities.
- the internal oxide layer of a certain thickness is formed on the surface layer of the base iron directly under the plating layer, but also the internal oxide layer has a uniform thickness along the width direction of the steel sheet, so that the tensile stress is applied during point welding. Even so, excellent crack resistance can be provided uniformly along the width direction of the steel sheet, and the liquid metal embrittlement (LME) phenomenon caused by the penetration of the hot-dip galvanizing layer along the crack can be equally suppressed in the width direction of the steel sheet.
- LME liquid metal embrittlement
- the present invention relates to a high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet having excellent spot weldability uniformly implemented along the width direction and a method for manufacturing the same, and preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
- Embodiments of the present invention may be modified in various forms, and the scope of the present invention should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments described below.
- the present embodiments are provided in order to further detailed the present invention to those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains.
- galvanized steel sheet includes not only galvanized steel sheet (GI steel sheet) but also alloyed galvanized steel sheet (GA) as well as galvanized steel sheet with zinc-based plating layer mainly containing zinc.
- zinc is mainly included means that the ratio of zinc among the elements included in the plating layer is the highest.
- ZM highly corrosion-resistant plated steel sheet
- the ratio of iron may be higher than that of zinc, and even the steel sheet having the highest ratio of zinc among the remaining components other than iron may be included in the scope of the present invention.
- the inventors of the present invention study on a means for suppressing microcracks on the surface, paying attention to the fact that liquid metal embrittlement (LME) generated during welding has a source in microcracks generated from the surface of the steel sheet. It was found that it is necessary to specifically control the microstructure of the , leading to the present invention.
- LME liquid metal embrittlement
- high-strength steel may contain a large amount of elements such as carbon (C), manganese (Mn), and silicon (Si) in order to secure hardenability or austenite stability of the steel, and these elements are susceptibility to cracks in the steel. plays a role in increasing Therefore, micro-cracks easily occur in steel containing a large amount of these elements, which ultimately causes embrittlement of liquefied metal during welding. According to the research results of the present inventors, the behavior of such microcracks is closely related to the carbon concentration. As the carbon concentration of the surface layer part of the steel sheet is lower, a soft ferrite layer is formed on the surface layer part, and cracks do not occur due to the tensile stress generated during spot welding. will decrease Since the soft ferrite formation fraction is affected by the internal oxidation depth of the surface layer, the LME crack improvement level of the spot weld may be proportional to the thickness of the internal oxide layer formed on the surface layer.
- the average depth (a) of the internal oxide layer formed on the steel sheet is 2 ⁇ m or more
- a difference (b-c) between the average depth of the internal oxide layer at the edge portion in the width direction of the plated steel sheet (b) and the depth (c) of the average internal oxide layer at the center of the width direction of the plated steel sheet may exceed zero.
- a preferred inner oxide layer depth difference (b-c) may be greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1.5.
- the average internal oxide layer depth (b) on the edge side is from the width direction edge of the plated steel sheet along the width direction of the plated steel sheet to the center side of the plated steel sheet 0.5 cm apart and from the width direction edge of the plated steel sheet along the width direction of the plated steel sheet It is the average value of the internal oxide layer depth measured at points 1.0 cm apart from the center of the plated steel sheet, and the average internal oxide layer depth (c) of the center is 15 from the width direction edge of the plated steel sheet to the center side of the plated steel sheet along the width direction of the plated steel sheet It is the average value of the depth of the internal oxide layer measured at a point spaced cm apart, from the width direction edge of the plated steel sheet to the center side of the plated steel sheet 30 cm apart from the width direction of the plated steel sheet, and at the center of the width direction of the plated steel sheet,
- the average depth (a) of the internal oxide layer may be an average value of the average internal oxide layer depth (b) at the edge portion side and the average
- a person skilled in the art can use a known measurement method without special technical difficulties, the average depth of the internal oxide layer formed on the steel sheet (a), the average depth of the internal oxide layer on the edge side (b), and the average internal oxide layer depth of the center ( c) can be measured.
- the soft surface layer portion can be formed to a sufficient thickness. Therefore, plastic deformation occurs in the soft surface layer during spot welding, and the tensile stress generated during spot welding is consumed, thereby effectively suppressing the crack susceptibility of the steel sheet.
- the inner oxide layer formed at the center in the width direction is inevitably formed to a greater depth than the inner oxide layer formed at the edge portion in the width direction.
- the process of winding the hot-rolled steel sheet into a hot-rolled coil in a certain temperature range is essential. Since the center of the hot-rolled coil wound over a certain temperature range is maintained at a relatively high temperature for a long time compared to the edge of the hot-rolled coil, internal oxidation occurs more actively at the center of the hot-rolled coil than at the edge of the hot-rolled coil. This internal oxidation tendency is maintained in the final cold-rolled plated steel sheet, and eventually causes a deviation in LME resistance along the width direction of the steel sheet in the final steel sheet.
- the galvanized steel sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention not only includes an internal oxide layer having an average depth of 2 ⁇ m or more in the surface layer portion of the base steel sheet, but also the central side of the plated steel sheet compared to the internal oxide layer formed on the edge side of the plated steel sheet Since the internal oxide layer formed therein is controlled to have a thicker thickness, excellent LME resistance can be uniformly implemented along the width direction of the steel sheet.
- the present invention does not limit the type as long as it is a high-strength steel sheet having a strength of 900 MPa or more.
- the steel sheet targeted in the present invention is, in weight ratio, C: 0.05 to 1.5%, Si: 2.5% or less, Mn: 1.5 to 20.0%, S-Al (acid-soluble aluminum): 3.0% or less, Cr: 2.5% or less, Mo: 1.0% or less, B: 0.005% or less, Nb: 0.2% or less, Ti: 0.2% or less, Sb+Sn+Bi: 0.1% or less, N: 0.01% or less, The remainder may contain Fe and unavoidable impurities.
- elements that may be included in the steel not listed above may be further included up to 1.0 wt% or less in total.
- the content of each component element is expressed based on weight unless otherwise indicated.
- the above-mentioned composition refers to the bulk composition of the steel sheet, that is, a composition at 1/4 of the thickness of the steel sheet (hereinafter the same).
- the high-strength base steel sheet may be TRIP steel, DP steel, CP steel, or the like. These steels may have the following composition when classified in detail.
- Steel composition 1 C: 0.05 to 0.30% (preferably 0.10 to 0.25%), Si: 0.5 to 2.5% (preferably 1.0 to 1.8%), Mn: 1.5 to 4.0% (preferably 2.0 to 3.0%) ), S-Al: 1.0% or less (preferably 0.05% or less), Cr: 2.0% or less (preferably 1.0% or less), Mo: 0.2% or less (preferably 0.1% or less), B: 0.005% or less (preferably 0.004% or less), Nb: 0.1% or less (preferably 0.05% or less), Ti: 0.1% or less (preferably 0.001 to 0.05%), Sb+Sn+Bi: 0.05% or less, N : 0.01% or less, the balance contains Fe and unavoidable impurities. In some cases, elements that are not listed above but that may be included in steel may be further included up to a total of 1.0% or less.
- Steel composition 2 C: 0.05 to 0.30% (preferably 0.10 to 0.2%), Si: 0.5% or less (preferably 0.3% or less), Mn: 4.0 to 10.0% (preferably 5.0 to 9.0%), S-Al: 0.05% or less (preferably 0.001 to 0.04%), Cr: 2.0% or less (preferably 1.0% or less), Mo: 0.5% or less (preferably 0.1 to 0.35%), B: 0.005% or less (preferably 0.004% or less), Nb: 0.1% or less (preferably 0.05% or less), Ti: 0.15% or less (preferably 0.001 to 0.1%), Sb+Sn+Bi: 0.05% or less, N : 0.01% or less, the balance contains Fe and unavoidable impurities. In some cases, elements that are not listed above but that may be included in steel may be further included up to a total of 1.0% or less.
- each component element is not limited, these may be regarded as arbitrary elements, meaning that the content may be 0%.
- the thickness of the base steel sheet according to one embodiment of the present invention may be 1.0 ⁇ 2.0mm.
- one or more plating layers may be included on the surface of the steel sheet, and the plating layer includes a GI (Galvanized), GA (Galva-annealed) or ZM (Zinc-Magnesium-Aluminum) layer. It may be a zinc-based plating layer.
- GI Gavanized
- GA Ga-annealed
- ZM Zinc-Magnesium-Aluminum
- the present invention since the ferrite fraction and the average grain size of the surface layer are controlled in an appropriate range, even if the zinc-based plating layer is formed on the surface of the steel sheet, it is possible to effectively prevent liquid metal embrittlement occurring during spot welding.
- the alloying degree (meaning the Fe content in the plating layer) may be controlled to 8 to 13% by weight, preferably 10 to 12% by weight. If the alloying degree is not sufficient, zinc in the zinc-based plating layer may penetrate into microcracks and cause a problem of liquid metal embrittlement. Conversely, if the alloying degree is too high, problems such as powdering may occur.
- the plating adhesion amount of the zinc-based plating layer may be 30 ⁇ 70g/m 2 .
- the amount of plating adhesion is too small, it is difficult to obtain sufficient corrosion resistance.
- a more preferable range of the plating adhesion amount may be 40 to 60 g/m 2 .
- This plating adhesion amount means the amount of the plating layer attached to the final product.
- the plating layer is GA, the plating adhesion amount increases due to alloying, so the weight may decrease slightly before alloying, and it varies depending on the degree of alloying. Therefore, although not necessarily limited thereto, the amount of deposition before alloying (ie, the amount of plating deposited from the plating bath) may be a value reduced by about 10%.
- a hot-rolled steel sheet can be manufactured by reheating a steel slab of the above-described composition, performing rough rolling and finishing rolling, hot rolling, and then performing ROT (Run Out Table) cooling, followed by winding. Thereafter, the manufactured steel sheet may be subjected to pickling and cold rolled, and the obtained cold rolled steel sheet may be annealed and plated.
- the hot rolling conditions such as ROT cooling, but in one embodiment of the present invention, the slab heating temperature, the finish rolling start and end temperature.
- Coiling temperature, pickling conditions, cold rolling conditions, annealing conditions, plating conditions, etc. can be limited as follows.
- Slab heating is performed to secure rolling properties by heating the material before hot rolling.
- the slab surface layer combines with oxygen in the furnace to form an oxide scale.
- the scale When the scale is formed, it also reacts with carbon in steel to cause a decarburization reaction to form carbon monoxide gas, and the higher the slab reheating temperature, the higher the amount of decarburization. If the slab reheating temperature is excessively high, the decarburized layer is excessively formed and the material of the final product is softened. LME improvement is insufficient.
- Finishing rolling start temperature 900 ⁇ 1150°C
- the finishing rolling start temperature is excessively high, the surface hot rolling scale develops excessively and the amount of surface defects caused by the scale of the final product may increase, so the upper limit is limited to 1150°C.
- the finishing rolling start temperature is less than 900 °C, since the stiffness of the bar increases due to the decrease in temperature, so that the hot rolling property can be greatly reduced, the finishing rolling start temperature can be limited to the above-described range.
- Finishing rolling end temperature 850 ⁇ 1050°C
- finishing rolling end temperature exceeds 1,050°C, the scale removed by descaling during finishing rolling is excessively formed on the surface again, and the amount of surface defects increases.
- the end temperature may be limited to the above-described range.
- the hot-rolled steel sheet is then wound and stored in the form of a coil, and the wound steel sheet is subjected to a slow cooling process. By this process, the hardenable elements contained in the surface layer part of the steel sheet are removed. If the coiling temperature of the hot-rolled steel sheet is too low, it is difficult to achieve a sufficient effect because the coil is slowly cooled at a temperature lower than the temperature required for oxidation and removal of these elements.
- Hot-rolled coil edge heating Heating for 5 to 24 hours by raising the temperature to a temperature range of 600 to 800 ° C at a heating rate of 10 ° C/s or more
- the edge portion of the hot-rolled coil may be heated in order to reduce the difference in the internal oxide layer depth deviation and the LME resistance between the edge portion and the inner region in the width direction of the edge portion.
- the hot-rolled coil edge part heating means heating both ends of the wound coil in the width direction, that is, the edge part, and the edge part is first heated to a temperature suitable for oxidation by the edge part heating. That is, the inside of the wound coil is maintained at a high temperature, but the edge portion is cooled relatively quickly, so that the time maintained at a temperature suitable for internal oxidation is shorter than that of the edge portion. Accordingly, the removal of the oxidizing element from the edge portion is not as active as compared to the widthwise central portion. Edge heating may be used as one method for removing oxidizing elements from the edge part.
- the edge heating temperature needs to be 600° C. or higher (based on the temperature of the edge portion of the steel sheet).
- the edge portion temperature may be 800° C. or less, since excessive scale is formed on the edge portion or porous highly oxidized scale (hematite) is formed on the edge portion during heating, and the surface condition after pickling may deteriorate.
- a more preferable edge part heating temperature is 600-750 degreeC.
- the heating time of the edge portion needs to be 5 hours or more.
- the edge heating time may be 24 hours or less.
- the heating rate when heating the edge portion of the hot-rolled coil is 10° C./s or more.
- the heating rate is at a level of less than 10°C/s, the formation of internal oxides in the final steel sheet may be suppressed by excessively generating Fe2SiO4, which is a Si-based oxide, in a low-temperature region.
- Fe2SiO4, which is excessively formed in the low-temperature region remains in the steel sheet in the form of SiO2 even after pickling, so even if the dew point temperature is adjusted upward during annealing, it suppresses the penetration and diffusion of oxygen into the surface layer of the steel sheet, thereby suppressing internal oxidation. Resistance may deteriorate.
- the Si-based oxide remaining on the surface of the steel sheet may grow during annealing to deteriorate plating wettability and plating properties to molten zinc.
- the edge portion heating may be achieved by a combustion heating method through air-fuel ratio control. That is, the oxygen fraction in the atmosphere may be changed by adjusting the air-fuel ratio. As the oxygen partial pressure is higher, the oxygen concentration in contact with the surface layer of the steel sheet may exceed the oxygen concentration, and thus decarburization or internal oxidation may increase.
- a nitrogen atmosphere containing 1 to 2% oxygen may be controlled by adjusting the air-fuel ratio.
- the hot-rolled steel sheet which has undergone the above-described process, is put into a hydrochloric acid bath to remove the hot-rolled scale, and pickling treatment is performed.
- the concentration of hydrochloric acid in the hydrochloric acid bath is in the range of 10-30%, and the pickling speed is 180-250mpm. If the pickling rate exceeds 250mpm, the surface scale of the hot-rolled steel sheet may not be completely removed, and if the pickling rate is lower than 180mpm, the surface layer of the substrate may be corroded by hydrochloric acid.
- cold rolling is performed.
- the cold rolling reduction is carried out in the range of 35 to 60%. If the cold rolling reduction is less than 35%, there is no particular problem, but it may be difficult to sufficiently control the microstructure due to insufficient recrystallization driving force during annealing.
- the cold rolling reduction ratio exceeds 60%, the thickness of the soft layer secured during hot rolling becomes thin, and it is difficult to lower the hardness within 20 ⁇ m of the surface of the steel sheet sufficient after annealing.
- the annealing process of the steel sheet may be followed. Since the average grain size and fraction of ferrite in the surface part of the steel sheet may vary greatly during the annealing process of the steel sheet, in one embodiment of the present invention, the average grain size and fraction of ferrite in the region within 50 ⁇ m from the surface of the steel sheet are appropriately controlled under conditions The annealing process can be controlled.
- the sheet-threading speed of the cold-rolled steel sheet needs to be 40mpm or more.
- the plate-threading speed is excessively fast, it may be disadvantageous in terms of securing the material.
- Heating zone heating rate 1.3 ⁇ 4.3°C/s
- the heating rate of the heating zone is low, the amount of Si oxidation increases in the region of 650 ° C. or higher, and an oxide film in the form of a continuous film is formed on the surface, and the amount of water vapor dissociated into oxygen by contact with the surface of the steel sheet is significantly reduced, Since the oxide film inhibits the reaction between carbon and oxygen on the surface, decarburization is not sufficiently performed, and thus LME resistance may be poor.
- an oxide film is formed on the surface, so that the plating wettability may be inferior, and the plating surface quality may be inferior. Accordingly, in one embodiment of the present invention, the lower limit of the heating rate of the heating zone may be set to 1.3°C/s.
- the heating rate of the heating zone when the heating rate of the heating zone is high, recrystallization during the heating process and the austenite phase transformation may not be smooth in the temperature section above the ideal range.
- carbon composed of cementite is dissociated in the process of simultaneously forming ferrite and austenite in the ideal temperature range, and as partitioning into austenite with high carbon solubility increases, the high carbon capacity increases, so that hard materials such as martensite.
- the low-temperature phase of when the heating rate is high, the austenite fraction is low, and the low-temperature phase is not sufficiently formed due to the decrease in carbon partitioning, which may cause a decrease in strength. Accordingly, in one embodiment of the present invention, the upper limit of the heating rate of the heating zone may be set to 4.3°C/s.
- Dew point control in annealing furnace Controlled from 650 to 900°C to -10 to +30°C
- the dew point in the annealing furnace It is advantageous to control the dew point in the annealing furnace to obtain an appropriate range of the surface layer ferrite fraction and average grain size.
- the dew point When the dew point is too low, surface oxidation occurs rather than internal oxidation, and there is a risk that an oxide such as Si or Mn may be formed on the surface. These oxides adversely affect plating. Therefore, it is necessary to control the dew point to -10°C or higher.
- the dew point when the dew point is too high, there is a risk of oxidation of Fe, so the dew point needs to be controlled to 30° C. or less.
- the temperature for controlling the dew point may be 650° C. or higher, which is a temperature at which a sufficient internal oxidation effect appears.
- the temperature for controlling the dew point may be 900° C. or less because it may cause problems of shortening the equipment lifespan and increasing the process cost by generating a load on the annealing furnace.
- the dew point can be adjusted by introducing moisture-containing nitrogen (N2+H2O) containing water vapor into the annealing furnace.
- the atmosphere in the annealing furnace maintains a reducing atmosphere by adding 5 to 10 Vol% of hydrogen to nitrogen gas.
- the hydrogen concentration in the annealing furnace is less than 5 Vol%, the surface oxides are excessively formed due to the decrease in the reducing ability, and the surface quality and adhesion of the plating are inferior. This lowering problem arises. If the hydrogen concentration is high, no particular problem occurs, but the hydrogen concentration is limited due to the increase in cost due to the increase in the amount of hydrogen gas used and the risk of explosion in the furnace due to the increase in the hydrogen concentration.
- the steel sheet annealed by the above-described process may be cooled through slow cooling and rapid cooling.
- the slow cooling zone refers to a section in which the cooling rate is 3 to 5 °C/s.
- the slow cooling zone temperature exceeds 700 °C, soft ferrite is excessively formed during slow cooling, and the tensile strength is lowered. If it is less than 550 °C, bainite is excessively formed or martensite is formed so that the tensile strength is excessively increased and the elongation may decrease. Therefore, the slow cooling zone temperature may be limited to the above-described range.
- Quenching zone temperature for quenching 270 ⁇ 550°C
- the quench zone refers to a section in which the cooling rate is 12 to 20 °C/s. If the quench zone temperature exceeds 550 °C, martensite below an appropriate level is formed during quenching, resulting in insufficient tensile strength, and the quench zone temperature is 270 °C. If it is less than °C, the formation of martensite may be excessive and the elongation may be insufficient.
- the steel sheet annealed by this process is immediately immersed in a plating bath to perform hot-dip galvanizing. If, when the steel sheet is cooled, the step of heating the steel sheet may be further included.
- the heating temperature needs to be higher than the inlet temperature of the steel sheet to be described later, and in some cases may be higher than the temperature of the plating bath.
- Inlet temperature of plating bath steel sheet 420 ⁇ 500°C
- the inlet temperature of the steel sheet in the plating bath is low, the wettability in the contact interface between the steel sheet and liquid zinc is not sufficiently confirmed, so it should be maintained at 420°C or higher. If it is excessively high, the reaction between the steel sheet and liquid zinc excessively generates a zeta phase, which is an Fe-Zn alloy phase, at the interface, and the adhesion of the plating layer is lowered. There are problems that arise. Therefore, the pull-in temperature of the steel sheet may be limited to 500 °C or less.
- the Al concentration in the plating bath should be maintained at an appropriate concentration to ensure the wettability of the plating layer and the fluidity of the plating bath.
- GA 0.10 ⁇ 0.15%
- GI 0.2 ⁇ 0.25%
- ZM ZM
- the hot-dip galvanized steel sheet plated by the above-described process may then be subjected to an alloying heat treatment process if necessary.
- Preferred conditions for the alloying heat treatment are as follows.
- the alloying temperature is set in the above-mentioned range.
- 1230 a steel slab having the composition shown in Table 1 below (the remaining components not listed in the table are Fe and unavoidably included impurities. In the table, B is expressed in ppm, and the remaining components are expressed in weight%) 1230 It was heated to °C and hot-rolled at 1015°C and 950°C for finishing rolling start and end temperatures, respectively. Thereafter, winding and heating of the edge portion of the hot-rolled coil were performed under the conditions shown in Table 2.
- the inlet temperature of the steel sheet introduced into the hot-dip galvanizing bath was set to 475°C.
- Other conditions for each Example are as described in Table 2, and the process conditions not specifically mentioned above were performed to satisfy the process conditions of the present invention described above.
- the magnification is set to 100, and if no cracks are found at the magnification, it is judged that liquid metal embrittlement has not occurred.
- the length was measured with image analysis software, and the maximum crack length among cracks measured at each point was evaluated, B-type cracks occurring at the shoulder of the spot weld were less than 100 ⁇ m, and C-type cracks were considered good when not observed.
- the lengths of B-type cracks and C-type cracks listed in Table 3 mean the length of the largest crack among the observed cracks.
- the cross section of the steel sheet was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Specifically, from the edge of the steel sheet in the width direction to the center side along the width direction of the steel sheet, a point spaced 0.5 cm apart, a point 1.0 cm apart, a point 15 cm apart, a point 30 cm apart, and a cross section of the steel sheet in the width direction of the plated steel sheet SEM observation was performed on the , and the internal oxidation depth was measured using Image analysis software.
- SEM scanning electron microscopy
- Tensile strength was measured through a tensile test by manufacturing a sample in the C direction of JIS-5 standard.
- the plating adhesion amount was measured using a wet dissolution method using a hydrochloric acid solution.
- sealer adhesion it was checked whether the plating fell off by bending the steel sheet at 90 degrees after attaching the automotive structural adhesive D-type to the plating surface.
- the tape was attached to the bent area and peeled off to check how many mm of the plating layer fell off the tape. If the length of the plating layer peeled off from the tape exceeds 10 mm, it was confirmed as defective.
- the specimens satisfying all the conditions of the present invention also have good plating quality and spot weld LME crack length.
- the specimens that do not satisfy any one of the conditions of the present invention are inferior to any one or more of tensile strength, plating quality, and spot weld LME cracks.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (9)
- 소지강판 및 상기 소지강판의 표면에 구비되는 아연계 도금층을 포함하는 아연도금강판으로서,상기 소지강판에 형성된 내부산화층의 평균 깊이(a)가 2㎛ 이상이며,상기 도금강판의 폭방향 엣지부측의 평균 내부산화층 깊이(b)와 상기 도금강판의 폭방향 중심부의 평균 내부산화층의 깊이(c)의 차(b-c)가 0을 초과하는, 아연도금강판.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 엣지부측의 평균 내부산화층 깊이(b)는 상기 도금강판의 폭방향 엣지로부터 상기 도금강판의 폭방향을 따라 상기 도금강판의 중심부측으로 0.5㎝ 이격된 지점 및 상기 도금강판의 폭방향 엣지로부터 상기 도금강판의 폭방향을 따라 상기 도금강판의 중심부측으로 1.0㎝ 이격된 지점에서 측정된 내부산화층 깊이의 평균값이고,상기 중심부의 평균 내부산화층 깊이(c)는 상기 도금강판의 폭방향 엣지로부터 상기 도금강판의 폭방향을 따라 상기 도금강판의 중심부측으로 15㎝ 이격된 지점, 상기 도금강판의 폭방향 엣지로부터 상기 도금강판의 폭방향을 따라 상기 도금강판의 중심부측으로 30㎝ 이격된 지점 및 상기 도금강판의 폭방향 중심에서 측정된 내부산화층 깊이의 평균값이며,상기 소지강판에 형성된 내부산화층의 평균 깊이(a)는 상기 엣지부측의 평균 내부산화층 깊이(b) 및 상기 중심부의 평균 내부산화층 깊이(c)의 평균값인, 아연도금강판.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 아연계 도금층의 도금 부착량은 30~70g/m2인, 아연도금강판
- 제1항 내지 제3항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,상기 소지강판은, 중량%로, C: 0.05~1.5%, Si: 2.5% 이하, Mn: 1.5~20.0%, S-Al(산 가용성 알루미늄): 3.0% 이하, Cr: 2.5% 이하, Mo: 1.0% 이하, B: 0.005% 이하, Nb: 0.2% 이하, Ti: 0.2% 이하, Sb+Sn+Bi: 0.1% 이하, N: 0.01% 이하, 잔부 Fe 및 불가피한 불순물을 포함하는, 아연도금강판.
- 제4항에 있어서,상기 아연도금강판의 인장강도는 900MPa 이상인, 아연도금강판.
- 제1항 내지 제3항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,상기 소지강판의 두께는 1.0~2.0mm인, 아연도금강판.
- 강 슬라브를 950~1300℃의 온도범위로 재가열하는 단계;900~1150℃의 사상압연 시작온도 및 850~1050℃의 사상압연 종료온도로 상기 재가열된 슬라브를 열간압연하여 열연강판을 제공하는 단계;상기 열연강판을 590~750℃의 온도범위에서 권취하는 단계;상기 권취된 열연코일의 양 엣지를 10℃/s 이상의 가열속도로 600~800℃의 온도범위까지 승온하여 5~24시간 동안 가열하는 단계;-10~+30℃의 이슬점 온도, N2-5~10%H2의 분위기 가스 및 650~900℃ 온도범위의 균열대에서 상기 열연강판을 소둔 처리하는 단계;550~700℃ 온도범위의 서냉대에서 상기 소둔 처리된 열연강판을 서냉하는 단계;270~550℃ 온도범위의 급냉대에서 상기 서냉된 열연강판을 급냉하는 단계;상기 급냉된 열연강판을 재가열한 후 420~550℃의 인입온도로 아연계 도금욕에 침지하여 아연계 도금층을 형성하는 단계; 및선택적으로 상기 아연계 도금층이 형성된 강판을 480~560℃의 온도범위로 가열하여 합금화하는 단계;를 포함하는 아연도금강판의 제조방법.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 소둔시 통판 속도는 40~130mpm인. 아연도금강판의 제조방법.
- 제7항에 있어서,상기 강 슬라브는, 중량%로, C: 0.05~0.30%, Si: 2.5% 이하, Mn: 1.5~10.0%, S-Al(산 가용성 알루미늄): 1.0% 이하, Cr: 2.0% 이하, Mo: 0.2% 이하, B: 0.005% 이하, Nb: 0.1% 이하, Ti: 0.1% 이하, Sb+Sn+Bi: 0.05% 이하, N: 0.01% 이하, 잔부 Fe 및 불가피한 불순물을 포함하는, 아연도금강판의 제조방법.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2023537361A JP2023554116A (ja) | 2020-12-21 | 2021-12-07 | 幅方向に沿って優れたスポット溶接性が均等に実現される高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板及びその製造方法 |
CN202180087057.8A CN116783320A (zh) | 2020-12-21 | 2021-12-07 | 沿宽度方向均匀地实现优异的点焊性的高强度热浸镀锌钢板及其制造方法 |
US18/266,784 US20240043947A1 (en) | 2020-12-21 | 2021-12-07 | High strength zinc-plated steel sheet having excellent uniform spot weldability along width direction and manufacturing method thereof |
EP21911318.0A EP4265810A1 (en) | 2020-12-21 | 2021-12-07 | High strength zinc-plated steel sheet having excellent uniform spot weldability along width direction and manufacturing method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR10-2020-0180187 | 2020-12-21 | ||
KR1020200180187A KR102457022B1 (ko) | 2020-12-21 | 2020-12-21 | 폭방향을 따라 우수한 점 용접성이 균등하게 구현되는 고강도 용융아연도금 강판 및 그 제조방법 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2022139251A1 true WO2022139251A1 (ko) | 2022-06-30 |
Family
ID=82159513
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/KR2021/018408 WO2022139251A1 (ko) | 2020-12-21 | 2021-12-07 | 폭방향을 따라 우수한 점 용접성이 균등하게 구현되는 고강도 용융아연도금 강판 및 그 제조방법 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20240043947A1 (ko) |
EP (1) | EP4265810A1 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP2023554116A (ko) |
KR (1) | KR102457022B1 (ko) |
CN (1) | CN116783320A (ko) |
WO (1) | WO2022139251A1 (ko) |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2001342541A (ja) * | 2000-05-31 | 2001-12-14 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 高張力溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板およびその製造方法 |
KR20170071658A (ko) * | 2015-12-15 | 2017-06-26 | 주식회사 포스코 | 표면품질 및 점 용접성이 우수한 고강도 용융아연도금강판 및 그 제조방법 |
KR20190073200A (ko) * | 2017-12-18 | 2019-06-26 | 주식회사 포스코 | 용접성이 우수한 고강도 냉연강판 및 도금강판과 그 제조 방법 |
KR20200076796A (ko) * | 2018-12-19 | 2020-06-30 | 주식회사 포스코 | 점 용접성이 우수한 아연도금강판 및 그 제조방법 |
KR20200076772A (ko) * | 2018-12-19 | 2020-06-30 | 주식회사 포스코 | 전기 저항 점용접성이 우수한 고강도 아연도금강판 및 그 제조방법 |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5434960B2 (ja) * | 2010-05-31 | 2014-03-05 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 曲げ性および溶接性に優れる高強度溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板およびその製造方法 |
TWI468534B (zh) | 2012-02-08 | 2015-01-11 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corp | 高強度冷軋鋼板及其製造方法 |
-
2020
- 2020-12-21 KR KR1020200180187A patent/KR102457022B1/ko active IP Right Grant
-
2021
- 2021-12-07 WO PCT/KR2021/018408 patent/WO2022139251A1/ko active Application Filing
- 2021-12-07 EP EP21911318.0A patent/EP4265810A1/en active Pending
- 2021-12-07 CN CN202180087057.8A patent/CN116783320A/zh active Pending
- 2021-12-07 US US18/266,784 patent/US20240043947A1/en active Pending
- 2021-12-07 JP JP2023537361A patent/JP2023554116A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2001342541A (ja) * | 2000-05-31 | 2001-12-14 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 高張力溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板およびその製造方法 |
KR20170071658A (ko) * | 2015-12-15 | 2017-06-26 | 주식회사 포스코 | 표면품질 및 점 용접성이 우수한 고강도 용융아연도금강판 및 그 제조방법 |
KR20190073200A (ko) * | 2017-12-18 | 2019-06-26 | 주식회사 포스코 | 용접성이 우수한 고강도 냉연강판 및 도금강판과 그 제조 방법 |
KR20200076796A (ko) * | 2018-12-19 | 2020-06-30 | 주식회사 포스코 | 점 용접성이 우수한 아연도금강판 및 그 제조방법 |
KR20200076772A (ko) * | 2018-12-19 | 2020-06-30 | 주식회사 포스코 | 전기 저항 점용접성이 우수한 고강도 아연도금강판 및 그 제조방법 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20220089494A (ko) | 2022-06-28 |
CN116783320A (zh) | 2023-09-19 |
US20240043947A1 (en) | 2024-02-08 |
KR102457022B1 (ko) | 2022-10-21 |
JP2023554116A (ja) | 2023-12-26 |
EP4265810A1 (en) | 2023-10-25 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO2020130631A1 (ko) | 전기 저항 점용접성이 우수한 고강도 아연도금강판 및 그 제조방법 | |
WO2020130602A2 (ko) | 점 용접성이 우수한 아연도금강판 및 그 제조방법 | |
WO2015099455A1 (ko) | 액체금속취화에 의한 크랙 저항성이 우수한 용융아연도금강판 | |
WO2016105115A1 (ko) | 표면품질, 도금밀착성 및 성형성이 우수한 고강도 용융아연도금강판 및 그 제조방법 | |
KR102562717B1 (ko) | 표면품질과 점 용접성이 우수한 아연도금강판 및 그 제조방법 | |
WO2019132288A1 (ko) | 점 용접성이 우수한 초고강도 고망간 아연도금강판 및 그의 제조방법 | |
WO2021125885A1 (ko) | 표면품질과 전기저항 점 용접성이 우수한 고강도 용융아연도금 강판 및 그 제조방법 | |
WO2022139251A1 (ko) | 폭방향을 따라 우수한 점 용접성이 균등하게 구현되는 고강도 용융아연도금 강판 및 그 제조방법 | |
WO2021112581A1 (ko) | 전기저항 점용접부의 피로강도가 우수한 아연도금강판 및 그 제조방법 | |
WO2022139250A1 (ko) | 표면품질과 점 용접성이 우수한 고강도 용융아연도금 강판 및 그 제조방법 | |
WO2022139390A1 (ko) | 표면품질과 전기 저항 점용접성이 우수한 아연도금강판 및 그 제조방법 | |
WO2022131863A1 (ko) | 표면품질과 전기저항 점용접성이 우수한 고강도 용융아연도금 강판 및 그 제조방법 | |
WO2022139252A1 (ko) | 표면품질과 점 용접성이 우수한 고강도 용융아연도금 강판 및 그 제조방법 | |
WO2023224200A1 (ko) | 용접성이 우수한 초고강도 아연도금강판 및 그 제조방법 | |
WO2018117703A1 (ko) | 희생방식성 및 도금성이 우수한 고망간 용융 알루미늄 도금강판 및 그 제조방법 | |
WO2022131671A1 (ko) | 도금성이 우수한 고강도 용융아연도금강판 및 그 제조방법 | |
KR102457021B1 (ko) | 표면품질과 점 용접성이 우수한 고강도 용융아연도금 강판 및 그 제조방법 | |
WO2023239206A1 (ko) | 도금품질이 우수한 고강도 용융아연도금강판, 도금용 강판 및 이들의 제조방법 | |
US12000008B2 (en) | Advanced high strength zinc plated steel sheet having excellent surface quality and electrical resistance spot weldability | |
WO2023239208A1 (ko) | 도금품질이 우수한 고강도 용융아연도금강판, 도금용 강판 및 이들의 제조방법 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 21911318 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 18266784 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2023537361 Country of ref document: JP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 202180087057.8 Country of ref document: CN |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2021911318 Country of ref document: EP |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2021911318 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20230721 |