WO2022138756A1 - はんだ材料及びはんだ材料の製造方法 - Google Patents
はんだ材料及びはんだ材料の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022138756A1 WO2022138756A1 PCT/JP2021/047677 JP2021047677W WO2022138756A1 WO 2022138756 A1 WO2022138756 A1 WO 2022138756A1 JP 2021047677 W JP2021047677 W JP 2021047677W WO 2022138756 A1 WO2022138756 A1 WO 2022138756A1
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- cellulose
- solder material
- solder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
- B23K35/362—Selection of compositions of fluxes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
- B23K35/3612—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest with organic compounds as principal constituents
- B23K35/3613—Polymers, e.g. resins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
- B23K35/0244—Powders, particles or spheres; Preforms made therefrom
- B23K35/025—Pastes, creams, slurries
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/26—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 400 degrees C
- B23K35/262—Sn as the principal constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C13/00—Alloys based on tin
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solder material and a method for manufacturing a solder material.
- Solder used for joining electronic parts, etc. consists of a solder material containing a solder alloy and flux.
- solder material a solder alloy, a flux or the like mixed so as to form a paste is known.
- the solder material is arranged, for example, on the component joint of the printed wiring board by a coating means such as printing, the joint component such as an electronic component is arranged on the solder material, and the solder material is melted by heating (reflow) and the joint is formed. And the joint are soldered together. Gas is generated by volatilizing the volatile components in the flux during this reflow, and the flux or solder balls may be scattered by the gas (hereinafter, also simply referred to as scattering).
- Patent Document 1 describes that a defoaming agent having a specific solubility parameter is used as a flux component.
- these conventional solder materials containing flux have a problem that scattering cannot be sufficiently suppressed.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a solder material capable of sufficiently suppressing the occurrence of scattering during heating and a method for producing the same.
- the solder material of the present invention contains lumpy cellulose in which fibrous cellulose having a length of 1 ⁇ m or more and less than 1 mm and fibrous cellulose having a length of 1 nm or more and less than 1 ⁇ m are mixed.
- the present invention may contain the above-mentioned massive cellulose in an amount of 50 ppm or more and 20,000 ppm or less.
- the present invention may further contain a flux containing a solvent, a rosin-based resin, and an activator.
- a flux containing a solvent, a rosin-based resin and an activator a flux containing a solvent, a rosin-based resin and an activator, fibrous cellulose having a length of 1 ⁇ m or more and less than 1 mm, and fibrous cellulose having a length of 1 nm or more and less than 1 ⁇ m are mixed.
- a mixture obtained by mixing the agglomerated cellulose is obtained, and the mixture and a solder alloy are mixed to produce a solder material.
- solder material capable of sufficiently suppressing the occurrence of scattering during heating and a method for producing the same.
- An electron micrograph of cellulose used in a comparative example An electron micrograph of cellulose used in a comparative example.
- An electron micrograph of cellulose used in a comparative example An electron micrograph of cellulose used in a comparative example.
- An electron micrograph of cellulose used in a comparative example An electron micrograph of cellulose used in a comparative example.
- An electron micrograph of cellulose used in a comparative example An electron micrograph of cellulose used in a comparative example.
- Electron micrograph of cellulose used in the examples Electron micrograph of cellulose used in the examples.
- Electron micrograph of cellulose used in the examples Electron micrograph of cellulose used in the examples.
- Electron micrograph of cellulose used in the examples Electron micrograph of cellulose used in the examples.
- Electron micrograph of cellulose used in the examples Electron micrograph of cellulose used in the examples.
- solder material according to the present invention and the method for manufacturing the solder material (hereinafter, also simply referred to as a manufacturing method) will be described.
- the solder material of this embodiment contains lumpy cellulose in which fibrous cellulose having a length of 1 ⁇ m or more and less than 1 mm and fibrous cellulose having a length of 1 nm or more and less than 1 ⁇ m are mixed.
- the lumpy cellulose contained in the solder material of the present embodiment is a fibrous cellulose made of cellulose such as methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, and hydroxyethyl cellulose, which has a length of 1 ⁇ m or more and less than 1 mm and a length of 1 nm or more and less than 1 ⁇ m. It is a lumpy cellulose mixed with fibrous cellulose.
- the lumpy cellulose of the solder material of the present embodiment is a powdery body made of lumpy cellulose in which fine fibers of different lengths are entangled.
- the length of the fibrous cellulose is the length of the fiber measured in an electron micrograph taken by the method shown in the examples described later.
- the lumpy cellulose is not particularly limited as long as it is a lumpy cellulose in which fibrous celluloses having different lengths are mixed as described above, and examples of such lumpy cellulose include "microfibrillated cellulose (MFC)".
- MFC microfibrillated cellulose
- Microfibrillated cellulose, also called “cellulose microfiber”, is a cellulose whose specific surface area is increased and the diameter and length of the fiber are adjusted by subjecting various cellulose raw materials to mechanical and chemical treatment. ..
- the raw material of the cellulose microfiber is any cellulose material, and is not particularly limited to, for example, a natural material such as wood or a chemically synthesized cellulose fiber.
- the bulk cellulose contained in the solder material of this embodiment may be obtained from a commercially available product.
- Exilva manufactured by Boregard
- BiNFi-s manufactured by Sugino Machine Limited
- the solder material of the present embodiment may contain the bulk cellulose in an amount of 50 ppm or more and 20,000 ppm or less, 100 ppm or more and 15,000 ppm or less, or 200 ppm or more and 12,500 ppm or less, or 300 ppm or more and 10,000 ppm or less.
- concentration of the lumpy cellulose is within the above range, the meltability at the time of solder bonding can be appropriately adjusted while suppressing the scattering of the flux.
- the concentration of lumpy cellulose means the effective cellulose equivalent (ppm).
- the effective cellulose equivalent is a value measured by the measuring method of Examples described later.
- the solder material of the present embodiment may contain any component as long as it is a component generally contained in other solder materials, and for example, a flux containing a solvent, a rosin-based resin, and an activator is further added. It may be included.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is a known component used as a solvent component of the flux.
- glycol ethers such as diethylene glycol monohexyl ether, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, diethylene glycol mono2-ethylhexyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, tripropylene glycol monobutyl ether, polypropylene glycol monobutyl ether, triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether;
- n- Adipose compounds such as hexane, isohexane, n-heptane, octane, decane; esters such as isopropyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, tristrimeritate (2-ethylhexyl), tributyl acetylcitrate, diethylene glycol dibenzoate Classes; ketones such as methyl ethyl
- the content of the solvent component in the flux is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include 20% by mass or more and 70% by mass or less, preferably 30% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less.
- the rosin-based resin examples include rosin and a resin which is a derivative of rosin, and the rosin-based resin is not particularly limited as long as it is a known rosin-based resin used as a resin component of a flux. Specifically, for example, rosin, hydrogenated rosin, polymerized rosin, disproportionated rosin, maleic acid-modified rosin, maleic acid-modified hydrogenated rosin, acrylic acid-modified rosin, acrylic acid-modified hydrogenated rosin, pentaerythritol ester and the like. Examples include rosin derivative resins. The rosin-based resin can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the rosin-based resin in the flux used in the present embodiment is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 20% by mass or more and 95% by mass or less, preferably 25% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less, and more preferably 30% by mass. % Or more and 80% by mass or less.
- the content of the rosin-based resin is within the above range, it is preferable from the viewpoint of solderability.
- the activator is not particularly limited as long as it is a known component used as an activator component of flux.
- halogen-based activators such as organic acids, amine halogen salts and halogen compounds, isocyanuric acid derivative activators, imidazole-based activators and the like can be used.
- the organic acid include adipic acid, malonic acid, maleic acid, glutaric acid, succinic acid, methylsuccinic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, stearic acid, benzoic acid, dodecanedioic acid, cyanuric acid and the like.
- halogen-based activator examples include 2,3-dibromo-2-butene-1,4-diol, diiodooctane, diiodobiphenyl and the like.
- isocyanuric acid derivative activator examples include tris (3-carboxypropyl) isocyanurate, tris (2-carboxyethyl) isocyanurate, and bis (2-carboxyethyl) isocyanurate.
- imidazole-based activator examples include imidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 2-ethylimidazole, 2-vinyl imidazole, 2-propyl imidazole, 2-isopropyl imidazole, 2-phenyl imidazole, 2-undecyl imidazole, and 2-heptadecyl imidazole. , 1, dimethylimidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 2-phenyl-4-methylimidazole and the like.
- the activator can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the total amount of the activator in the flux is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include 0.1% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less, or 1% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less.
- examples thereof include 0.1% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less, or 1% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less.
- the flux used in this embodiment may further contain a thixotropic component. It is not particularly limited as long as it is a known component used as a thixotropic component of flux. Examples thereof include fatty acid amides, hydrogenated castor oil, oxyfatty acids, waxes and the like.
- the thixotropic component can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the thixotropic component in the flux is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include 3.0% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less, preferably 4.5% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less.
- the flux in the present embodiment may further contain other additives.
- the thickener may contain cellulose other than the lumpy cellulose.
- each of these components can be blended in the flux as needed, and any component may or may not be contained.
- the flux in this embodiment can be used as a flux for a solder material such as solder paste.
- the solder material of the present embodiment includes each of the above fluxes and a solder alloy.
- the solder alloy may be a lead-free alloy.
- the solder alloy is not particularly limited, and may be either a lead-free (lead-free) solder alloy or a leaded solder alloy, but a lead-free solder alloy is preferable from the viewpoint of environmental impact.
- Specific examples of the lead-free solder alloy include alloys containing tin, silver, copper, zinc, bismuth, antimony, indium and the like, and more specifically, Sn / Ag and Sn / Ag / Cu.
- Sn / Cu Sn / Ag / Bi, Sn / Bi, Sn / Ag / Cu / Bi, Sn / Sb, Sn / Zn / Bi, Sn / Zn, Sn / Zn / Al, Sn / Ag / Bi / In , Sn / Ag / Cu / Bi / In / Sb, In / Sn and the like.
- Sn / Ag / Cu is preferable.
- the content of the solder alloy in the solder material is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include 80% by mass or more and 95% by mass or less, preferably 85% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less.
- the solder material of the present embodiment is a solder paste obtained by mixing the solder alloy and the flux of the present embodiment, for example, the solder alloy is 80% by mass or more and 95% by mass or less, and the flux is 5% by mass. It is preferable that the mixture is in an amount of% or more and 20% by mass or less.
- the conditions for using the solder material of the present embodiment can be appropriately set according to the object to be soldered and the like, and are not particularly limited.
- the temperature rise rate during preheating 1.0. ⁇ 3.0 ° C / sec
- preheat temperature 150 to 180 ° C / 60 to 100 seconds
- heating rate during solder melting 1.0 to 2.0 ° C / sec
- melting temperature 219 ° C or higher and 30 seconds or longer
- Reflow peak temperature 230 to 250 ° C. and other conditions can be mentioned.
- a method for manufacturing the solder material of the present embodiment will be described.
- a flux containing a solvent, a rosin-based resin, and an activator, a fibrous cellulose having a length of 1 ⁇ m or more and less than 1 mm, and a fibrous cellulose having a length of 1 nm or more and less than 1 ⁇ m are mixed.
- the mixture is obtained, and the mixture and the solder alloy are mixed to produce a solder material.
- the flux obtained by mixing each component is in the form of powder, the powder is impregnated with a liquid such as water, or the powder is dispersed in the liquid in the form of fibers such as liquid.
- the fibrous cellulose can be used in any of the above-mentioned states, but by impregnating the fibrous cellulose with a liquid or dispersing the fibrous cellulose in a liquid, the fibrous cellulose can be uniformly contained in the solder material. It becomes easier to make it exist, and it becomes easier to obtain a solder material that can further suppress scattering.
- the liquid examples include water such as pure water and ion-exchanged water, and organic solvents.
- the fibrous cellulose is impregnated with a liquid, the liquid of 100% by mass or more and 10,000% by mass or less with respect to the fibrous cellulose is stirred at a temperature of 10 ° C. or higher and 100 ° C. or lower for 5 minutes or more and 1440 minutes or less. And so on.
- the fibrous cellulose is dispersed in a liquid, the liquid of 100% by mass or more and 10,000% by mass or less with respect to the fibrous cellulose may be stirred at a temperature of 10 ° C. or higher and 100 ° C. or lower for 5 minutes or more and 1440 minutes or less. Can be mentioned.
- each flux as described above can be used.
- Examples of a method for obtaining a mixture of such a flux and fibrous cellulose include stirring at a temperature of 10 ° C. or higher and 100 ° C. or lower for 1 minute or longer and 120 minutes or shorter.
- the ratio of the flux and the fibrous cellulose may be adjusted so that the lumpy cellulose is contained in the solder material in the above-mentioned ratio.
- the mixture and the solder alloy are mixed to obtain a solder material.
- the mixing condition in this case include stirring at a temperature of 10 ° C. or higher and 100 ° C. or lower for 1 minute or longer and 120 minutes or shorter.
- the ratio of the flux, the fibrous cellulose and the solder alloy in the solder material of the present embodiment is not particularly limited, but for example, in the blending of each component so as to be the solder material of the present embodiment as described above. Can be adjusted. Further, in the production method of the present embodiment, as a method of mixing each component, for example, mixing using a known mixing / stirring device or the like can be mentioned.
- solder material of the present embodiment and the solder material obtained by the manufacturing method of the present embodiment are suitable for electrical connection of electronic parts, particularly all electronic parts such as in-vehicle, outdoor displays, and mobile phones.
- these solder materials can sufficiently suppress the scattering of flux, solder balls, etc. even when heated in reflow or the like.
- these solder materials can suppress scattering even when heated under conditions such as vacuum reflow in which scattering is likely to occur.
- solder composition of the present embodiment can sufficiently suppress scattering and at the same time suppress a decrease in solder meltability. If a component that does not dissolve in a liquid such as cellulose is mixed in the solder material, it may affect the solder meltability. However, the solder material of this embodiment has a solder meltability during reflow heating. It does not decrease.
- solder material and the method for manufacturing the solder material according to the present embodiment are as described above, but it should be considered that the embodiments disclosed this time are exemplary in all respects and are not restrictive. .. The scope of the present invention is shown by the scope of claims, not the above description, and is intended to include all modifications within the meaning and scope equivalent to the scope of claims.
- each Example and Comparative Example Solder materials used in each Example and Comparative Example were prepared with the materials and formulations shown in Table 1. The materials used are as follows. Each flux contains a solvent: diethylene glycol monohexyl ether and an activator: a carboxylic acid compound of dibasic acid. Further, each CMF is an aqueous dispersion of lumpy cellulose, the parentheses indicate the cellulose content, and the effective CMF content in the table is the cellulose content (% by weight) in each CMF.
- Flux 1 M406-3V (rosin type, manufactured by Hiroki Co., Ltd.) Flux 2: M650-3 (rosin-based, manufactured by Hiroki Co., Ltd.)
- CMF1 Microcellulose 1, trade name "Exilva P01-V", microfibrillated cellulose, made by Borregard, cellulose fiber content 10%
- CMF2 Microcellulose 2, trade name "Exilva F01-V", microfibrillated cellulose, made by Borregard, cellulose fiber content 10%
- Solder alloy powder 96.5 Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu Solder alloy, particle size 20-38 ⁇ m
- the manufacturing method is as follows. First, the flux and CMF were put into a suitable container and mixed at 25 ° C. for 5 minutes. The solder alloy powder and the mixture were mixed to prepare each paste-like solder material (solder paste). Each component was blended in the proportions shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- the unit of numerical values for the components in the table is mass% except for the effective cellulose equivalent.
- the effective cellulose equivalent indicates the content as cellulose in the flux in ppm.
- the method for calculating the effective cellulose equivalent (ppm) is as follows.
- Effective cellulose equivalent (ppm) content in cellulose material (wt%) x amount added in solder material (wt%) x 100
- the measurement method is as follows. First, cellulose is separated and extracted using a more appropriate solvent type from the solder material. The obtained cellulose suspension is dried and weighed. The qualitativeness of cellulose is performed using a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR) (Frontier, manufactured by PerkinElmer).
- the method for measuring the effective cellulose equivalent (ppm) is as follows.
- Effective cellulose equivalent (ppm) Weight of separated and extracted cellulose (g) / Weight of solder material used for extraction operation (g) x 1000000
- Test piece The following test pieces were prepared for scattering evaluation and solder meltability evaluation.
- Two copper plates with a size of 30 mm square and a thickness of 0.3 mm were prepared as a set. Each solder material was printed and applied to the surface of one of the copper plates using a metal mask having a diameter of 6.5 mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm. Another copper plate was placed using a spacer so that there was a gap of 2 mm above the copper plate coated with the solder material. Three sets of such one set of copper plates were prepared for each solder material and heated under the following heating conditions. After heating, the number of scatterings adhering to the surface of the copper plate placed on the upper part was visually counted.
- Cellulose powder 1 NP fiber (manufactured by Nippon Paper Industries, Ltd.)
- Cellulose powder 2 KC floc (manufactured by Nippon Paper Industries, Ltd.)
- Cellulose Nanofiber 1 Serempia TC-01 (manufactured by Nippon Paper Industries, Ltd.)
- Cellulose Nanofiber 2 Leocrysta (manufactured by Dai-ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.)
- Cellulose microfiber 1 Exilva (2 wt%) (manufactured by Boregard)
- Cellulose microfiber 2 Exilva (10 wt%) (manufactured by Boregard)
- a suspension of 0.1% by weight was prepared with pure water, applied on a copper plate, and then dried in an oven at 80 ° C. for 16 hours to prepare a test piece.
- the obtained test pieces were vapor-deposited with platinum and then observed with an observation device, and photographs taken by electron micrographs are shown in FIGS. 1 to 14.
- Observation device JSM-IT300LV (manufactured by JEOL Ltd.)
- Observation magnification 500 times, 2000 times, 20000 times
- the observation magnification of each sample is as follows. Observation result of 500 times that of cellulose powder 1 (Fig. 1) 500 times observation result of cellulose powder 2 (Fig. 2) 500 times observation result of cellulose nanofiber 1 (Fig.
- the fiber pieces have a fiber piece of about several ⁇ m and a fiber piece finer than that, and in FIGS. 11 and 14, which have a higher magnification, the smallest fiber piece is 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the circled area in the figure That is, it was observed that there were lumpy fibers in which fibers of different sizes were mixed.
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Abstract
Description
本実施形態のはんだ材料は、長さ1μm以上1mm未満の繊維状セルロースと長さ1nm以上1μm未満の繊維状セルロースが混合されている塊状セルロースを含む。
尚、本実施形態において、繊維状セルロースの長さは後述する実施例において示す方法で撮影された電子顕微鏡写真において測定される繊維の長さである。
セルロースマイクロファイバーの原料は任意のセルロース材料であり、例えば、木材等の天然材料や化学的に合成されたセルロース繊維等、特に限定されるものではない。
塊状セルロース濃度が前記範囲であることで、フラックスの飛散を抑制しつつはんだ接合時の溶融性を適正に調整しうる。
はんだ材料から有効セルロース当量を求める方法としては、有効セルロース当量(ppm)を下記式に基づき測定する。
有効セルロース当量(ppm)=分離抽出したセルロースの重量(g)/(抽出操作に用いたはんだ材料の重量(g)×1000000
前記溶剤は、単独で、あるいは複数種類を混合して用いることができる。
前記ロジン系樹脂は、単独で、あるいは複数種類を混合して用いることができる。
有機酸としては、例えば、アジピン酸、マロン酸、マレイン酸、グルタル酸、コハク酸、メチルコハク酸、アゼライン酸、セバシン酸、ステアリン酸、安息香酸、ドデカン二酸、シアヌル酸等が挙げられる。
ハロゲン系活性剤としては、2,3-ジブロモ-2-ブテン-1,4-ジオール、ジヨードオクタン、ジヨードビフェニル等が挙げられる。
イソシアヌル酸誘導体活性剤としては、トリス(3-カルボキシプロピル)イソシアヌレート、トリス(2-カルボキシエチル)イソシアヌレート、ビス(2-カルボキシエチル)イソシアヌレート等が挙げられる。
イミダゾール系活性剤としては、イミダゾール、2-メチルイミダゾール、2-エチルイミダゾール、2-ビニルイミダゾール、2-プロピルイミダゾール、2-イソプロピルイミダゾール、2-フェニルイミダゾール、2-ウンデシルイミダゾール、2-ヘプタデシルイミダゾール、1,2ジメチルイミダゾール、2-エチル-4-メチルイミダゾール、2-フェニル-4-メチルイミダゾール等が挙げられる。
前記活性剤は、単独で、あるいは複数種類を混合して用いることができる。
活性剤の含有量が前記範囲である場合には飛散の発生を抑制しつつはんだ付けを維持する観点からみて好ましい。
フラックスのチキソトロピック成分として用いられる公知の成分であれば特に限定されるものではない。例えば、脂肪酸アマイド類、水素添加ヒマシ油、オキシ脂肪酸類、ワックス等が挙げられる。
前記チキソトロピック成分は、単独で、あるいは複数種類を混合して用いることができる。
前記チキソトロピック成分のフラックスにおける含有量は特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、3.0質量%以上20質量%以下、好ましくは4.5質量%以上10質量%以下等が挙げられる。
尚、これらの各成分は必要に応じてフラックスに配合されることができ、いずれの成分が含まれていても含まれていなくてもよい。
前記はんだ合金は、鉛フリー合金であってもよい。
前記はんだ合金としては、特に限定されるものではなく、鉛フリー(無鉛)のはんだ合金、有鉛のはんだ合金のいずれでもよいが、環境への影響の観点から鉛フリーのはんだ合金が好ましい。
具体的には、鉛フリーのはんだ合金としては、スズ、銀、銅、亜鉛、ビスマス、アンチモン、インジウム等を含む合金等が挙げられ、より具体的には、Sn/Ag、Sn/Ag/Cu、Sn/Cu、Sn/Ag/Bi、Sn/Bi、Sn/Ag/Cu/Bi、Sn/Sb、Sn/Zn/Bi、Sn/Zn、Sn/Zn/Al、Sn/Ag/Bi/In、Sn/Ag/Cu/Bi/In/Sb、In/Sn等の合金が挙げられる。特に、Sn/Ag/Cuが好ましい。
本実施形態の製造方法は、溶剤とロジン系樹脂と活性剤とを含むフラックスと、長さ1μm以上1mm未満の繊維状セルロースと長さ1nm以上1μm未満の繊維状セルロースが混合されている塊状セルロースを混合した混合物を得て、前記混合物とはんだ合金とを混合してはんだ材料を製造する。
繊維状セルロースは前記のようなどのような状態でも使用しうるが、繊維状セルロースに液体を含浸させる、あるいは、繊維状セルロースを液体に分散させることで、はんだ材料中に均一に繊維状セルロースを存在させやすくなり、飛散をより抑制しうるはんだ材料が得られやすくなる。
また、繊維状セルロースに液体を含浸させる場合には、繊維状セルロースに対して100質量%以上10000質量%以下の液体を、10℃以上100℃以下の温度で5分以上1440分以下攪拌すること等が挙げられる。
繊維状セルロースを液体に分散させる場合には、繊維状セルロースに対して100質量%以上10000質量%以下の液体を、10℃以上100℃以下の温度で5分以上1440分以下攪拌すること等が挙げられる。
かかるフラックスと繊維状セルロースを混合した混合物を得る方法としては、10℃以上100℃以下の温度で1分以上120分以下攪拌すること等が挙げられる。
また、本実施形態の製造方法において、各成分の混合方法は、例えば、公知の混合攪拌装置等を用いて混合すること等が挙げられる。
特に、これらのはんだ材料は、リフロー等において加熱されても、フラックスやはんだボール等の飛散を十分に抑制しうる。
例えば、真空リフローは、ガスの発生が短時間に生じるため飛散が生じやすくなるが、これらのはんだ材料は、かかる真空リフローのように飛散が生じやすい条件での加熱でも飛散を抑制しうる。
はんだ材料中にセルロース等のような液体に溶解しない成分を配合した場合にははんだ溶融性に影響を及ぼす可能性が考えられるが、本実施形態のはんだ材料は、リフロー加熱時のはんだ溶融性が低下することない。
表1に示す材料及び配合で各実施例、比較例に用いるはんだ材料を作製した。
使用した各材料は以下の通りである。
尚、各フラックスは、溶剤:ジエチレングリコールモノヘキシルエーテルと活性剤:二塩基酸のカルボン酸化合物とを含む。
また、各CMFは塊状セルロースの水分散液であって、括弧内はセルロース含有量であり、表中のCMF有効含有量は各CMF中のセルロース含有量(重量%)である。
フラックス1:M406-3V(ロジン系、(株)弘輝製)
フラックス2 :M650-3(ロジン系、(株)弘輝製)
CMF1:マイクロセルロース1、商品名「Exilva P01-V」、ミクロフィブリル化セルロース、Borregaard製、セルロースファイバー含有量10%
CMF2:マイクロセルロース2、商品名「Exilva F01-V」、ミクロフィブリル化セルロース、Borregaard製、セルロースファイバー含有量10%
はんだ合金粉末 96.5Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cuはんだ合金、粒径20~38μm
まず、フラックスとCMFとを適当な容器に投入して25℃で5分間混合した。
はんだ合金粉末と前記混合物とを混合し、ペースト状の各はんだ材料(ソルダーペースト)を作製した。
各成分は表1及び表2に記載の割合になるように配合した。
有効セルロース当量(ppm)の計算方法は下記である。
有効セルロース当量(ppm)=セルロース材料中の含有量(wt%)×はんだ材料中添加量(wt%)×100
測定方法は以下のとおりである。
まず、はんだ材料中より適切な溶媒種を用いて、セルロースを分液抽出する。得られたセルロース懸濁液を乾固し、重量を測定する。セルロースの定性はフーリエ変換赤外分光光度計(FT-IR)(Frontier、パーキンエルマー社製)を用いて行う。
有効セルロース当量(ppm)の測定方法は下記である。
有効セルロース当量(ppm)=分離抽出したセルロースの重量(g)/抽出操作に用いたはんだ材料の重量(g)×1000000
テストピースとしては飛散評価用及びはんだ溶融性評価用として以下のものを準備した。
[飛散評価用]
サイズ30mm四方、厚み0.3mmの銅板を2枚で1組として準備した。銅板のうちの一枚の表面に各はんだ材料を直径6.5mm、厚み0.2mmのメタルマスクを用いて印刷塗布した。はんだ材料を塗布した銅板の上方に2mmの間隔があくようにスペーサーを用いてもう一枚の銅板を配置した。
かかる一組の銅板を各はんだ材料について3組作製し、下記加熱条件で加熱した。
加熱後、上部に配置した銅板の面に付着した飛散の数を目視にてカウントした。3組のカウント数の平均が15個以下の場合を合格(OK)とし、15個超の場合を不合格(NG)とした。
加熱条件
リフロー炉:NIS-20-80C(エイテックテクトロン社製)
昇温速度:1.0℃/秒
加熱条件:220℃以上で30秒
ピーク温度:240℃
結果を表1及び表2に示す。
100mm×100mm、厚み1.6mmの銅張り積層板を準備し、実施例、比較例の各はんだ材料を印刷厚さ120μmのメタルマスクを用いて、0.3mm×0.3mm角に印刷した。印刷後、0603サイズ(0.6mm×0.3mm)のチップ抵抗(Snメッキ処理)を所定の位置に搭載した。
その後、飛散試験と同様の温度条件、窒素雰囲気下、酸素濃度5000ppmで加熱した。
加熱後、各基板を光学顕微鏡にて観察し、フィレット部に一様に光沢がみられた場合を合格(OK)と判定した。
結果を表1及び表2に示す。
この結果より、実施例でははんだ溶融性を損なうことなく加熱時の飛散を抑制できたと言える。
以下のセルロースを試料として準備した。
セルロース粉末1:NPファイバー(日本製紙社製)
セルロース粉末2:KCフロック(日本製紙社製)
セルロースナノファイバー1:セレンピアTC-01(日本製紙社製)
セルロースナノファイバー2:レオクリスタ(第一工業製薬社製)
セルロースマイクロファイバー1:Exilva(2wt%)(ボレガード社製)
セルロースマイクロファイバー2:Exilva(10wt%)(ボレガード社製)
観察装置:JSM-IT300LV(日本電子社製)
観察倍率:500倍、2000倍、20000倍
尚、各試料の観察倍率は以下のとおり。
セルロース粉末1の500倍観察結果(図1)
セルロース粉末2の500倍観察結果(図2)
セルロースナノファイバー1の500倍観察結果(図3)
セルロースナノファイバー1の2000倍観察結果(図4)
セルロースナノファイバー1の20000倍観察結果(図5)
セルロースナノファイバー2の500倍観察結果(図6)
セルロースナノファイバー2の2000倍観察結果(図7)
セルロースナノファイバー2の20000倍観察結果(図8)
セルロースマイクロファイバー1の500倍観察結果(図9)
セルロースマイクロファイバー1の2000倍観察結果(図10)
セルロースマイクロファイバー1の20000倍観察結果(図11)
セルロースマイクロファイバー2の500倍観察結果(図12)
セルロースマイクロファイバー2の2000倍観察結果(図13)
セルロースマイクロファイバー2の20000倍観察結果(図14)
図3乃至8に示すナノファイバーでは観察倍率においては粒及び繊維は観察されなかった。これは非常に細かい粒或は繊維の集合体であるためこの倍率では個別の粒子や繊維は観察できなかったものと推察される。
図9乃至図14に示すセルロースマイクロファイバーでは観察倍率において繊維状組織が観察された。
図9及び図12において線状体として観察される数十μmスケールの大きい繊維片と、それよりも非常に細かい繊維片が複雑に絡み合っている状態が観察される。図10および図13において繊維片は数μm程度のものとそれよりも細かい繊維片があることが観察され、さらに高倍率である図11および図14では、一番小さな繊維片が1μm以下であることが観察された(図中の円で囲まれた箇所)。すなわち、サイズの異なる繊維が混合された塊状繊維が存在していることが観察された。
Claims (4)
- 長さ1μm以上1mm未満の繊維状セルロースと長さ1nm以上1μm未満の繊維状セルロースが混合されている塊状セルロースを含むはんだ材料。
- 前記塊状セルロースを50ppm以上20,000ppm以下含む請求項1に記載のはんだ材料。
- 溶剤と、ロジン系樹脂と、活性剤とを含むフラックスをさらに含む請求項1又は2に記載のはんだ材料。
- 溶剤とロジン系樹脂と活性剤とを含むフラックスと、長さ1μm以上1mm未満の繊維状セルロースと長さ1nm以上1μm未満の繊維状セルロースが混合されている塊状セルロースを混合した混合物を得て、前記混合物とはんだ合金とを混合してはんだ材料を製造するはんだ材料の製造方法。
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