WO2022134048A1 - 可透光皮革材料及其制作工艺和可透光复合结构 - Google Patents

可透光皮革材料及其制作工艺和可透光复合结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022134048A1
WO2022134048A1 PCT/CN2020/139557 CN2020139557W WO2022134048A1 WO 2022134048 A1 WO2022134048 A1 WO 2022134048A1 CN 2020139557 W CN2020139557 W CN 2020139557W WO 2022134048 A1 WO2022134048 A1 WO 2022134048A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
light
layer
parts
leather
poe
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PCT/CN2020/139557
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
戴安琪
宋伟锋
祁海涛
喻冬青
管世伟
Original Assignee
加通汽车内饰(常熟)有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2020/139557 priority Critical patent/WO2022134048A1/zh
Publication of WO2022134048A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022134048A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
    • C08L23/06—Polyethene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
    • C08L23/08—Copolymers of ethene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
    • C08L23/12—Polypropene

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the technical field of decorative materials, in particular to a light-permeable leather material, a manufacturing process thereof, and a light-permeable composite structure.
  • Artificial leather material is a kind of plastic material that looks and feels like leather and can be used instead of leather. It has the characteristics of low cost and has been widely used in decorative leather materials.
  • the main purpose of the present application is to provide a light-permeable leather material and its manufacturing process and light-permeable composite structure, which not only has a simulated leather feel, but also ensures the strength and toughness in the post-processing process. At the same time, it has a certain light transmittance to improve the decorative effect.
  • the application provides a light-transmitting leather material
  • the leather material raw materials include PP, PE, POE, color masterbatch and auxiliary agents
  • the weight components of the leather material raw materials are: PP does not exceed 15 parts , PE does not exceed 15 parts, POE 70-90 parts, color masterbatch 0.5-2 parts, auxiliary 0.1-1 parts, and the total weight of PP, PE and POE is 100 parts
  • the light transmittance of PP, PE and POE and the POE is at least one of propylene-ethylene copolymer, ethylene-octene copolymer, ethylene-butene copolymer and ethylene-butene-octene copolymer.
  • composition of the leather material raw materials in parts by weight is specifically: 5 parts of PP, 5 parts of PE, 90 parts of POE, 1.5 parts of color masterbatch, and 0.5 parts of auxiliary agent.
  • the application provides a manufacturing process of a light-transmitting leather material, and the manufacturing steps are:
  • step S100 specifically includes:
  • step S110 is specifically:
  • 20%-40% of the POE is premixed and granulated with the color masterbatch to obtain the primary raw material.
  • the composition of the leather material raw materials by weight is specifically: 5 parts of PP, 5 parts of PE, 90 parts of POE, 1.5 parts of color masterbatch, and 0.5 parts of auxiliary agent.
  • the present application provides a light-permeable composite structure, comprising a leather layer formed of the above-mentioned light-permeable leather material, and a foam material layer compounded with the leather layer.
  • the foaming ratio of the cotton material layer is 25-35, and the thickness ratio of the leather layer and the foaming material layer is 1:1-1:40.
  • the thickness of the leather layer is 0.1-1.0 mm
  • the thickness of the foam material layer is 1.0-4.0 mm.
  • a pattern layer is further provided between the leather layer and the foam material layer, the pattern layer includes a hollow part for light transmission and a light blocking part for blocking light, the hollow part A pattern is formed together with the light blocking portion.
  • a pattern layer is provided on the side of the foam material layer away from the leather layer, and the pattern layer includes a hollow part for light transmission and a light blocking part for blocking light, the hollow part and The light blocking parts together form a pattern.
  • the present application provides a light-permeable composite structure, comprising a leather layer formed of the above-mentioned light-permeable leather material, and further comprising a 3D spacer fabric buffer layer compounded with the leather layer, the
  • the buffer layer includes a first fabric layer and a second fabric layer arranged parallel to each other and spaced apart from each other, and a support layer connecting the first fabric layer and the second fabric layer, the support layer is formed by connecting wires, and the connecting wires include The supporting wire portion located between the two fabric layers and the connecting wire portion woven into the two fabric layers respectively, the first fabric layer is woven with fabric threads and at least formed by the fabric threads to form a plurality of first a mesh, the second fabric layer is woven from fabric threads and at least a plurality of second meshes are formed by the fabric threads, and the area of the first mesh and the corresponding second mesh is aligned by 80% to 100% ; At least 80% of the supporting wires in the connecting wires are arranged in
  • each support wire portion in the connection wire is arranged in an I-shape; or, each support wire portion in the connection wire comprises a first support wire portion arranged in an I-shape, and also includes a V-shape and /or X-shaped second support wire portion.
  • the thickness of the leather layer is 0.1-1.0 mm
  • the thickness of the buffer layer is 1.0-4.0 mm.
  • a pattern layer is further provided between the leather layer and the buffer layer, the pattern layer includes a hollow part for light transmission and a light blocking part for blocking light, the hollow part and the The light blocking parts together form a pattern.
  • a pattern layer is provided on the side of the buffer layer away from the leather layer, and the pattern layer includes a hollow part for light transmission and a light blocking part for blocking light, the hollow part and the The light blocking portions together form a pattern.
  • the present application further provides a vehicle interior, comprising the above-mentioned light permeable leather material or the above-mentioned light permeable composite structure.
  • the present application further provides a decorative material, comprising the above-mentioned light-permeable leather material or the above-mentioned light-permeable composite structure.
  • the light-transmitting leather material provided by this application uses a specific POE material with certain light-transmitting properties as the main material, and the formed artificial leather material is lightweight and has a certain leather texture (with leather texture, refers to the When the background light source located at the rear of the leather material is not lit, the surface of the leather material presents the texture of an ordinary imitation leather product), which can ensure the processing performance of the leather material in the post-processing process, and effectively ensure the quality of the leather material.
  • the light transmittance improves the comprehensive decorative effect of itself and the prepared vehicle interior.
  • Fig. 1 is the production flow chart of the light-permeable leather material of a kind of preferred embodiment that this application provides;
  • Fig. 2 is the production flow chart of the light-permeable leather material of another preferred embodiment provided by this application;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a light-permeable composite structure according to a preferred embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a light-permeable composite structure according to another preferred embodiment provided by the application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a light-permeable composite structure according to another preferred embodiment provided by the application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a light-permeable composite structure according to another preferred embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of two structural units of a hexagonal light-transmitting fabric that the first mesh and the second mesh provided by the application are;
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of four structural units of 3D fabrics provided by the application with the first mesh and the second mesh being aligned;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the four structural units of the 3D fabric provided by the application in which the first mesh and the second mesh are dislocated;
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating the dislocation size in the present application.
  • the so-called "post-processing process” is represented by the process of wrapping the prepared leather material on the internal skeleton of the vehicle in a high temperature environment to complete the interior of the vehicle.
  • the above-mentioned coating process is completed in a high temperature environment in order to soften the skin material, so as to facilitate the stretching and reshaping of the skin material when the mold is closed, because the processing process is usually carried out in a high temperature environment between 170-230 degrees Celsius. , it is necessary for the skin material to have sufficient tensile strength and other processing properties at this time, so that the vehicle interior can be produced without damage during the implementation of the coating process.
  • the present application provides a light-transmitting leather material
  • the leather material raw materials include PP, PE, POE, color masterbatch and auxiliary agents
  • the weight components of the leather material raw materials are: PP is not More than 15 parts, no more than 15 parts of PE, 70-90 parts of POE, 0.5-2 parts of color masterbatch, 0.1-1 part of auxiliary agent, and the total weight of PP, PE and POE is 100 parts; the PP, PE and POE The light transmittances are above 80%; the POE is at least one of propylene-ethylene copolymer, ethylene-octene copolymer, ethylene-butene copolymer and ethylene-butene-octene copolymer.
  • POE is used as the main raw material, which effectively ensures the post-processing performance of the raw material, and makes the leather material have appropriate elasticity; one of the roles played by PP and PE materials in this application is to further adjust The post-processing performance of leather materials; and the three are compounded in a proportion of PP not exceeding 15 parts, PE not exceeding 15 parts, and POE 70-90 parts, and POE is selected as propylene-ethylene copolymer and ethylene-octene copolymer.
  • At least one of , ethylene-butene copolymer and ethylene-butene-octene copolymer so, through the appropriate coordination of PP, PE and a specific type of POE, a simulated leather feeling, and a Artificial leather material with certain light transmittance and good post-processing properties.
  • Transmittance can characterize the ability of light to pass through a medium, which is the percentage of the luminous flux passing through the medium to its incident luminous flux.
  • PP, PE and POE are all selected as high light transmittance materials with a light transmittance of more than 80%, and the aforementioned light transmittance is measured under the ASTM E1348 standard.
  • the obtained leather material has leather texture on the one hand, and certain light-transmitting physical properties on the other hand.
  • the ASTM E1348 standard is used to test, and the light-transmitting leather material of the present application can have a light transmittance of more than 18%.
  • the auxiliary agent is at least one of antioxidant and light stabilizer.
  • These auxiliaries are all materials that can achieve corresponding functions in the art, for example, the antioxidant can be 1024, 1098 or 1330; the light stabilizer is hindered amine, such as UV-P, UV-234 or UV3808. Since the additives of the auxiliaries are very low, they will not have any significant effect on the light transmittance of the leather material.
  • the present application also provides a manufacturing process of the above-mentioned light-transmitting leather material, and the specific manufacturing steps are:
  • the extrusion process can be extruded through a twin-screw extruder.
  • the mixed raw materials are injected into the extruder through the feeding port, and the temperature of the extruder is controlled within the range of 180-230 ° C to maintain the extruder line.
  • the speed is 0-15m/min, and the light-transmitting leather material of the corresponding width and thickness can be produced according to the product requirements.
  • the surface treatment agent is made of water-based polyurethane material. Since the thickness of the surface treatment agent layer formed by the surface treatment agent is relatively thin, it has little effect on the light transmittance of the finished leather material. In addition, the surface of the light-transmitting leather material can also be treated. Make it textured.
  • the step S100 specifically includes:
  • the inventor of the present application has found that if all the raw materials are mixed and stirred at one time and then extruded through a screw extruder according to conventional means, the color of leather products will often be uneven, the color of some parts is too dark, and the parts that are close to transparent will often appear. situation, which greatly affects the aesthetics of leather products.
  • the reason for the aforementioned situation is that because the content of color masterbatch in the leather material is significantly lower than that of other main materials, if it is directly mixed with all other raw materials Often, the color masterbatch is unevenly dispersed and agglomeration occurs.
  • a part of the POE is premixed and granulated with the color masterbatch, and then the particles obtained by premixing and granulation are mixed with other raw materials.
  • the materials pass through the twin-screw extruder together, which can greatly improve the dispersion uniformity of the masterbatch in the finished leather material and prevent agglomeration.
  • 20%-40% of the POE is premixed and granulated with the color masterbatch. If the weight fraction of POE premixed and granulated with color masterbatch is too low, the effect of sufficient premixing cannot be achieved, and if the weight fraction of POE premixed and granulated with color masterbatch is too high, it may be During this premixing, uneven dispersion of the masterbatch occurred.
  • the present application also provides a light-permeable composite structure, which includes a leather layer 20 formed of the above-mentioned light-permeable leather material, and further includes a foam material compounded with the leather layer Layer 10, the foaming ratio of the foam material layer 10 is 25-35, and the thickness ratio of the leather layer 20 and the foam material layer 10 is 1:1-1:40.
  • the composite structure can be applied to vehicle interiors, such as vehicle seats, vehicle door panels, vehicle center consoles, etc.
  • a background light source is set at the position where the vehicle skeleton or the like wraps the composite structure, When the light source is turned off, the conventional interior effect is presented, and when the background light source is on, the light transmission effect can be achieved.
  • the composite structure not only the skin layer is required to have good light transmittance, but also the foam material layer is required to have excellent light transmittance properties.
  • the application adopts a foam material layer with a high foaming ratio.
  • the foaming ratio is 25-35.
  • the foaming ratio can ensure that the average pore diameter inside the foam is larger, thereby reducing the amount of light in the foam.
  • the occurrence of refraction and scattering effectively shortens the optical path and reduces the loss of light in the process of propagation, and effectively increases the light transmittance of the foam material layer.
  • the light transmittance of the foam material layer is tested by ASTM E1348 standard , not less than 30%, up to more than 50%.
  • the thickness ratio of the leather layer and the foam material layer is set to 1:1 to 1:40, which effectively ensures the sufficient thickness of the foam material layer, so that it can produce sufficient rebound buffering effect without being too thick. If the thickness of the foam material layer is too thick, it will also prolong the optical path and increase the loss of light in the process of propagation, and it is difficult to achieve excellent light transmission effect. According to the ASTM E1348 standard test, the light transmittance of the light-permeable composite structure can reach more than 8%, and usually can reach more than 10%.
  • the leather material and the foam material are pasted together by transparent glue.
  • transparent glue refers to glue with better permeability such as hot melt glue, which is After the leather material is prepared, it is applied to it so as to bond with the foam material.
  • a transparent adhesive film can also be used to stick the leather material and the foam material together.
  • the surface part of the foam material can also be melted by heating, and the leather layer and the foam material can be bonded while hot, and the leather layer and the foam material layer can be combined by this fusion bonding method.
  • the thickness of the leather layer may be 0.1-1.0 mm, and the thickness of the foam material layer may be 1.0 mm-4.0 mm.
  • a pattern layer 30 is further provided between the leather layer 20 and the foam material layer 10, and the pattern layer 30 includes a hollow part for light transmission and a light blocking part for blocking light, The hollow part and the light blocking part together form a pattern.
  • the pattern layer includes a hollow part for transmitting light and a light blocking part for blocking light, and the hollow part and the light blocking part together form a pattern.
  • the light permeable composite structure is covered on the light source.
  • the light permeable composite structure presents a conventional artificial leather appearance, and when the light source is on, a pattern is presented on the surface of the light permeable composite structure.
  • the pattern layer is implanted in the light-transmitting composite structure, so that the pattern layer is very close to the surface of the light-transmitting composite structure, and the light Scattering is almost non-existent, so the pattern presented is very clear.
  • the pattern layer 30 is provided on the side of the foam material layer 10 away from the leather layer 20 , and the pattern layer 30 includes a hollow part for light transmission and a light blocking part for blocking light.
  • the hollow part and the light blocking part form a pattern together, so that by arranging the leather layer and the pattern layer on both sides of the foam material layer, the foam material is not in direct contact with other structures (such as the internal skeleton of the vehicle), and the foam Cotton material forms protection.
  • the present application provides a light-permeable composite structure, which includes a leather layer 20 formed of the above-mentioned light-permeable leather material, and further includes a 3D spacer compounded with the leather layer A fabric buffer layer 40, the buffer layer includes a first fabric layer 100 and a second fabric layer 200 that are parallel to each other and spaced apart, and a support layer 300 connecting the first fabric layer 100 and the second fabric layer 200, the The support layer 300 is formed by connecting threads 310 including support thread portions 311 located between two of the fabric layers and connecting thread portions 312 woven into the two fabric layers respectively, the first fabric layer 100 is woven from fabric threads and at least forms a plurality of first meshes by the fabric threads, the second fabric layer 200 is woven from fabric threads and at least forms a plurality of second meshes by the fabric threads, the first The meshes are aligned with the corresponding second meshes by 80% to 100%; at least 80% of
  • the light transmittance of the 3D spacer fabric buffer layer can reach more than 80%, and the light transmittance of the light-permeable composite structure formed by compounding the 3D spacer fabric buffer layer with the leather layer can reach at least 10%, usually more than 15%. .
  • the connecting wire 310 may include a supporting wire portion 311 located between two fabric layers and a connecting wire portion 312 woven into the two fabric layers respectively, each supporting wire portion arranged in an I-shape 311 are substantially parallel, and each supporting wire portion 311 is perpendicular to the first fabric layer 100, or, each supporting wire portion 311 is relative to the first fabric layer 100 with the misalignment between the first mesh 110 and the second mesh 210 tilt.
  • the vertical mentioned here refers to the alignment between the connection position of the support wire portion 311 and the first mesh hole 110 and the connection position of the support wire portion 311 and the second mesh hole 210 , that is, the support wire portion
  • the projection of the connection position of 311 and the first mesh hole 110 on the second fabric layer 200 coincides with the connection position of the support wire portion 311 and the second mesh hole 210.
  • the supporting wire portion 311 located in the mesh hole further ensures the passage of more light.
  • the hexagonal shape of the first mesh and the second mesh in FIG. 7 is just an example, and the meshes of the first fabric layer and the second fabric layer can be in various suitable shapes, such as quadrilateral and Octagon and so on.
  • each supporting wire portion of the connecting wire is arranged in an I-shape, which is more conducive to light transmission.
  • each support wire portion in the connecting wire includes a first support wire portion arranged in an I-shape, and further includes a second support wire portion arranged in a V-shape and/or an X-shape.
  • a part of the supporting wire part of the connecting wire is arranged in an I-shape, and the other part of the supporting wire part adopts other setting methods with better supporting performance, such as a V-shape, an X-shape or a combination of the two, for example, the connecting wire
  • Each support line part in the 1 includes a first support line part arranged in an I shape, and also includes a second support line part arranged in a V shape and/or an X shape, and the V shape arrangement, that is, the shape of the second support line part is determined by The V-shape formed by the line portion and the second line portion (the left side is the first line portion, the right side is the second line portion), the upper two ends of the V-shape are connected with the connecting line portion 312
  • the upper two ends of the X shape are connected with the connecting line part 312 in the first fabric layer 100, and the lower two ends of the X shape are connected with the second fabric layer
  • the connecting wire portions 312 in 200 are connected, wherein the number of the first supporting wire portions accounts for more than 80% of the total supporting wire portions, and in the embodiment in which the second supporting wire portions are only arranged in a V-shape, all the first supporting wire portions are
  • the line parts are parallel to each other, and all the third line parts are parallel to each other.
  • the second support line parts are only arranged in an X shape
  • all the third line parts are parallel to each other
  • all the fourth line parts are parallel to each other.
  • all the first line parts and the third line parts are parallel to each other
  • all the second line parts and the fourth line parts are parallel to each other, so that the second support In this way, the light transmittance of the three-dimensional spacer fabric can be ensured, and the support strength of the light-transmitting fabric can be enhanced by using the second supporting wire portion.
  • the second support portion is arranged at the edge of the light transmission fabric.
  • the 3D fabric buffer layer is woven from fabric threads 400 and at least the fabric threads 400 form a plurality of meshes.
  • the two fabric layers are the first fabric layer 100 and the second fabric layer 200 respectively, and are formed on the first fabric layer 100
  • the meshes formed in the second fabric layer 200 are the first meshes 110
  • the meshes formed in the second fabric layer 200 are the second meshes 210, wherein the areas of the first meshes 110 and the corresponding second meshes 210 are aligned by 80% to 100% That is, the area where the first mesh hole 110 and the second mesh hole 210 are aligned is 80% to 100% of their respective areas.
  • FIG. 8 shows four structural units whose meshes are quadrilaterals.
  • the first mesh hole 110 and the second mesh hole 210 are aligned one by one, and each corner of the first mesh hole 110 is connected to the corner of the second mesh hole 210 through the connecting line portion 312 to form a straight shape Columnar structure, when the area alignment of the first mesh hole 110 and the second mesh hole 210 is greater than or equal to 80% and less than 100%, referring to FIG. 9 , in each structural unit, the first mesh hole 110 and the second mesh hole 210 are arranged in a staggered position , each corner of the first mesh hole 110 is connected with the corner of the second mesh hole 210 through the connecting line portion 312 to form an oblique columnar structure, and the part of the first mesh hole 110 and the second mesh hole 210 is shown in FIG.
  • first mesh holes 110 and the second mesh holes 210 refers to the overlapping part of the projection of the first mesh 110 on the second fabric layer 200 and the nearest second mesh 210 , namely the shaded part in FIG. 10 , and the aligned area is the area of the shaded part. Setting the first mesh holes 110 and the second mesh holes 210 to be one-to-one or close to one-to-one alignment reduces the staggering of the first mesh holes 110 and the second mesh holes 210 , thereby ensuring more light to pass through.
  • the first mesh 110 and the second mesh 210 are aligned as much as possible, and on the other hand, the supporting wire portion 311 is made as perpendicular to the fabric layer as possible, which can effectively reduce the obstruction to light, It ensures that more light can pass through, thereby greatly improving the light transmittance of the light-transmitting fabric.
  • the thickness of the leather layer may be 0.1-1.0 mm
  • the thickness of the buffer layer may be 1.0-4.0 mm.
  • a pattern layer is further provided between the leather layer and the buffer layer, the pattern layer includes a hollow part for light transmission and a light blocking part for blocking light, the hollow part and the The light blocking parts together form a pattern.
  • the pattern layer can be made very close to the surface of the light-transmitting composite structure, and the light hardly scatters, so the presented pattern is very clear.
  • a pattern layer is provided on the side of the buffer layer away from the leather layer, and the pattern layer includes a hollow part for light transmission and a light blocking part for blocking light, the hollow part and the The light blocking portions together form a pattern.
  • the buffer layer material is not in direct contact with other structures (for example, the inner frame of the vehicle), etc., so as to form protection for the buffer layer.
  • the present application also provides a vehicle interior, which can be used for vehicles such as automobiles and trains, and adopts the above-mentioned light permeable leather material or light permeable composite structure, so as to realize the light transmission of the vehicle interior Effect.
  • the present application also provides a decorative material, which can be used for vehicle decoration, furniture decoration and other application environments such as 3C equipment (communication equipment, computer equipment, consumer electronic equipment), etc.
  • the light-transmitting leather material or the above-mentioned light-transmitting composite structure can realize the light-transmitting effect of the decorative material.

Abstract

一种可透光皮革材料及其制作工艺和可透光复合结构，可透光皮革材料的原料包括PP、PE、POE、色母粒和助剂；所述皮革材料原料重量份组成为：PP不超过15份，PE不超过15份，POE 70-90份，色母粒0.5-2份，助剂0.1-1份，且PP、PE和POE总重量为100份；所述PP、PE和POE的透光率均为80％以上；所述POE为丙烯-乙烯共聚物、乙烯-辛烯共聚物、乙烯-丁烯共聚物和乙烯-丁烯-辛烯共聚物中的至少一种。该可透光皮革材料制备过程环保，且轻量化，并有一定的透光性能。

Description

可透光皮革材料及其制作工艺和可透光复合结构 技术领域
本申请涉及装饰材料技术领域，具体涉及一种可透光皮革材料及其制作工艺和可透光复合结构。
背景技术
人造皮革材料是一种外观、手感似皮革并可代替皮革使用的塑料材料，具有成本低等特点，现已被广泛应用于装饰用皮革材料。
随着交通工具内饰行业的发展，人们对车内氛围及人车互动的要求逐步提高，例如，逐渐提出了实现交通工具内饰的透光型应用场景。
而现有的由PVC材料制成透光性交通工具内饰皮革材料的工艺，由于PVC材料密度较高，无法满足未来交通工具轻量化的需求。
因此，急需一种轻量化且有一定透光性能的可透光人造皮革材料。
发明内容
基于上述现状，本申请的主要目的在于提供一种可透光皮革材料及其制作工艺和可透光复合结构，该皮革材料不仅具有仿真皮质感，而且在保证后加工过程中的强度和韧性的同时，有一定的透光性，提高装饰效果。
为实现上述目的，本申请采用的技术方案如下：
第一方面，本申请提供了一种可透光皮革材料，所述皮革材料原料包括PP、PE、POE、色母粒和助剂；所述皮革材料原料重量份组成为：PP不超过15份，PE不超过15份，POE 70-90份，色母粒0.5-2份，助剂0.1-1份，且PP、PE和POE总重量为100份；所述PP、PE和POE的透光率均为80％以上；所述POE为丙烯-乙烯共聚物、乙烯-辛烯共聚物、乙烯-丁烯共聚物和乙烯-丁烯-辛烯共聚物中的至少一种。
可选地，所述皮革材料原料重量份组成具体为：PP 5份，PE 5份，POE 90 份，色母粒1.5份，助剂0.5份。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种可透光皮革材料的制作工艺，制作步骤为：
S100，将不超过15份的PP，不超过15份的PE，70-90份的POE，0.5-2份的色母粒，0.1-1份的助剂均匀混合，通过压延或挤出工艺获得所述可透光皮革材料的半成品；其中，PP、PE和POE总重量为100份；所述PP、PE和POE的透光率均为80％以上；所述POE为丙烯-乙烯共聚物、乙烯-辛烯共聚物、乙烯-丁烯共聚物和乙烯-丁烯-辛烯共聚物中的至少一种；
S200，在所述半成品的表面涂覆表面处理剂，得到所述可透光皮革材料。
可选地，所述步骤S100具体包括，
S110，将所述POE中的一部分与所述色母粒进行预混造粒，得到初级原料；
S120，将所述初级原料与其余原料混合、搅拌，通过压延或挤出工艺获得所述可透光皮革材料的半成品。
可选地，所述步骤S110具体为，
将所述POE的20％-40％与所述色母粒进行预混造粒，得到所述初级原料。
可选地，在所述步骤S100中，所述皮革材料原料重量份组成具体为：PP 5份，PE 5份，POE 90份，色母粒1.5份，助剂0.5份。
第三方面，本申请提供了一种可透光复合结构，包括如上所述的可透光皮革材料形成的皮革层，还包括与所述皮革层复合在一起的泡棉材料层，所述泡棉材料层的发泡倍率为25-35，所述皮革层和所述泡棉材料层的厚度比为1：1-1：40。
可选地，所述皮革层的厚度为0.1-1.0mm，所述泡棉材料层的厚度为1.0-4.0mm。
可选地，在所述皮革层和所述泡棉材料层之间还设有图案层，所述图案层包括用于透光的镂空部和用于挡光的挡光部，所述镂空部和所述挡光部共同形成图案。
可选地，在所述泡棉材料层背离所述皮革层的一面设有图案层，所述图案层包括用于透光的镂空部和用于挡光的挡光部，所述镂空部和所述挡光部共同形成图案。
第四方面，本申请提供了一种可透光复合结构，包括如上所述的可透光皮 革材料形成的皮革层，还包括与所述皮革层复合在一起的3D间隔织物缓冲层，所述缓冲层包括相互平行且间隔设置的第一织物层和第二织物层、以及连接所述第一织物层和第二织物层的支撑层，所述支撑层由连接丝线形成，所述连接丝线包括位于两个所述织物层之间的支撑线部以及分别织入两个所述织物层的连接线部，所述第一织物层由织物丝线织成并至少由所述织物丝线形成多个第一网孔，所述第二织物层由织物丝线织成并至少由所述织物丝线形成多个第二网孔，第一网孔与相对应的第二网孔面积对正80％到100％；所述连接丝线中至少80％的支撑线部呈I型设置。
可选地，所述连接丝线中的各支撑线部均呈I型设置；或者，所述连接丝线中的各支撑线部包括呈I型设置的第一支撑线部，还包括呈V型和/或X型设置的第二支撑线部。
可选地，所述皮革层的厚度为0.1-1.0mm，所述缓冲层的厚度为1.0-4.0mm。
可选地，在所述皮革层和所述缓冲层之间还设有图案层，所述图案层包括用于透光的镂空部和用于挡光的挡光部，所述镂空部和所述挡光部共同形成图案。
可选地，在所述缓冲层背离所述皮革层的一面设有图案层，所述图案层包括用于透光的镂空部和用于挡光的挡光部，所述镂空部和所述挡光部共同形成图案。
第五方面，本申请还提供了一种交通工具内饰，包括如上所述的可透光皮革材料或如上所述的可透光复合结构。
第六方面，本申请还提供了一种装饰材料，包括如上所述的可透光皮革材料或如上所述的可透光复合结构。
本申请提供的可透光皮革材料，采用有一定透光性能的、特定的POE材料作为主料，形成的人造皮革材料在轻量化并具有一定的皮革质感的同时(拥有皮革质感，指的是在没有点亮位于该皮革材料后部的背景光源时，该皮革材料表面呈现出普通的仿真皮制品的质感)、能够保证皮革材料在后加工过程中的加工性能，且有效保证了皮革材料的可透光性，提高了其自身以及制备的交通工具内饰的综合装饰效果。
本申请的其他有益效果，将在具体实施方式中通过具体技术特征和技术方 案的介绍来阐述，本领域技术人员通过这些技术特征和技术方案的介绍，应能理解所述技术特征和技术方案带来的有益技术效果。
附图说明
以下将参照附图对根据本申请的优选实施方式进行描述。图中：
图1为本申请提供的一种优选实施方式的可透光皮革材料的制作流程图；
图2为本申请提供的另一种优选实施方式的可透光皮革材料的制作流程图；
图3为根据本申请的一种优选实施方式的可透光复合结构的结构示意图；
图4为本申请提供的另一种优选实施方式的可透光复合结构的结构示意图；
图5为本申请提供的另一种优选实施方式的可透光复合结构的结构示意图；
图6为根据本申请的另一种优选实施方式的可透光复合结构的结构示意图；
图7为本申请提供的第一网孔和第二网孔为六边形的透光织物两个结构单元的结构示意图；
图8为本申请提供的第一网孔与第二网孔对正设置的3D织物四个结构单元的结构示意图；
图9为本申请提供的第一网孔与第二网孔错位设置的3D织物四个结构单元的结构示意图；
图10为对本申请中的错位尺寸的说明的示意图。
具体实施方式
以下基于实施例对本申请进行描述，但是本申请并不仅仅限于这些实施例。在下文对本申请的细节描述中，详尽描述了一些特定的细节部分，为了避免混淆本申请的实质，公知的方法、过程、流程、元件并没有详细叙述。
此外，本领域普通技术人员应当理解，在此提供的附图都是为了说明的目的，并且附图不一定是按比例绘制的。
除非上下文明确要求，否则整个说明书和权利要求书中的“包括”、“包 含”等类似词语应当解释为包含的含义而不是排他或穷举的含义；也就是说，是“包括但不限于”的含义。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。此外，在本申请的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
对于可透光交通工具内饰表面的皮革材料来说，其在具有仿真皮质感的同时，具有一定透光率的物理性能和能够保证在后加工过程中的拉伸强度是非常重要的两个机械性能。
所谓“后加工过程”，以将制备完成得到的皮革材料在高温环境下包覆在交通工具内部骨架上、完成交通工具内饰制作的过程为代表。使用高温环境完成前述包覆工艺，是为了软化该表皮材料，便于模具合模时对该表皮材料进行拉伸并重新塑型，由于该加工过程通常在170-230摄氏度之间的高温环境下进行，需要表皮材料此时具备足够的拉伸强度等加工性能，方可在包覆工艺实施过程中，不会被拉破，制作出外表无破损的交通工具内饰。
基于此，第一方面，本申请提供了一种可透光皮革材料，所述皮革材料原料包括PP、PE、POE、色母粒和助剂；所述皮革材料原料重量份组成为：PP不超过15份，PE不超过15份，POE 70-90份，色母粒0.5-2份，助剂0.1-1份，且PP、PE和POE总重量为100份；所述PP、PE和POE的透光率均为80％以上；所述POE为丙烯-乙烯共聚物、乙烯-辛烯共聚物、乙烯-丁烯共聚物和乙烯-丁烯-辛烯共聚物中的至少一种。
通过上述的原料配比设置，以POE为原料主料，有效保证了原料的后加工性能、并且使得皮革材料具有恰当的弹性；PP和PE材料在本申请中起到的作用之一是进一步调节皮革材料的后加工性能；而三者以PP不超过15份，PE不超过15份，POE 70-90份的配比复合，并将POE选择为丙烯-乙烯共聚物、乙烯-辛烯共聚物、乙烯-丁烯共聚物和乙烯-丁烯-辛烯共聚物中的至少一种，如此，通过PP、PE和特定类型的POE三者的适当配合，制备出了既有仿真皮质感，又具有一定透光能力和良好的后加工性能的人造皮革材料。
透光率能够表征光线透过介质的能力，其是透过该介质的光通量与其入射光通量的百分比。为了提高皮革材料的透光率，需要尽可能提高其各种原料的透光率。因此，在对皮革材料的制备原料进行选择时，将PP、PE和POE均 选为透光率为80％以上的高透光率材料，前述透光率是在ASTM E1348标准下进行测定的。如此，所制得的皮革材料一方面具有真皮质感，另一方面有一定的透光物理性能，采用ASTM E1348标准进行测试，本申请的可透光皮革材料的透光率可在18％以上。
所述助剂为抗氧化剂、光稳定剂中的至少一种。这些助剂均为本领域能够实现相应功能的材料，例如，所述抗氧化剂可为1024、1098或1330；光稳定剂为受阻胺类，如UV-P，UV-234或UV3808。由于助剂的添加剂很低，因此不会对皮革材料的透光率有任何明显的影响。
在上述原料配比区间内选取多组不同配比的原料做试验，并分别检测皮革成品的同样的后加工条件下拉伸强度和在ASTM E1348标准下的透光率，申请人进一步发现，在PP 5份，PE 5份，POE 90份，色母粒1.5份，助剂0.5份，所制备的皮革材料后加工条件下的拉伸强度和透光率同时达到极值，且具有良好的仿真皮质感。
第二方面，参见附图1，本申请还提供了上述可透光皮革材料的制作工艺，具体的制作步骤为：
S100，将不超过15份的PP，不超过15份的PE，70-90份的POE，0.5-2份的色母粒，0.1-1份的助剂均匀混合，通过压延或挤出工艺获得所述可透光皮革材料的半成品；其中，PP、PE和POE总重量为100份；所述PP、PE和烯烃共聚物的透光率均为80％以上；所述POE为丙烯-乙烯共聚物、乙烯-辛烯共聚物、乙烯-丁烯共聚物和乙烯-丁烯-辛烯共聚物中的至少一种；
S200，在所述半成品的表面涂覆表面处理剂，得到所述可透光皮革材料。
挤出工艺可采用通过双螺杆挤出机挤出，挤出时，将混合后的原料通过喂料口注入挤出机，控制挤出机温度在180-230℃范围内，保持挤出机线速为0-15m/min，根据产品要求生产相应幅宽和厚度的可透光皮革材料。
表面处理剂采用水性聚氨酯材料，由于表面处理剂形成的表面处理剂层厚度较薄，对成品皮革材料的透光性的影响不大，另外，还可对所述可透光皮革材料表面进行处理使其具有纹理装饰效果。
可选地，参见附图2，所述步骤S100具体包括，
S110，将所述POE中的一部分与所述色母粒进行预混造粒，得到初级原料；
S120，将所述初级原料与其余原料混合、搅拌，通过压延或挤出工艺获得所述可透光皮革材料的半成品。
本申请的发明人发现，如果按照常规的手段，一次性将所有的原料混合搅拌后通过螺杆挤出机挤出成型，经常会出现皮革制品颜色不均匀，局部颜色过深，而局部接近透明的情况，十分影响皮革制品的美观，经过发明人进一步研究发现，前述情况出现的原因是，由于因为皮革材料中的色母含量显著低于其它主料，若直接将其与所有的其它原料混合就往往会造成色母粒分散不均、出现团聚现象，而本申请中，先将POE中的一部分与色母粒进行预混造粒，而后在将预混造粒得到的粒子与原料中的其它材料一起通过双螺杆挤出机，能够大大提高色母粒在皮革材料成品中的分散均匀性，防止出现团聚。
具体地，将所述POE的20％-40％与所述色母粒进行预混造粒。如果与色母粒进行预混造粒的POE的重量份数过低，则无法达到充分预混的效果，而如果与色母粒进行预混造粒的POE的重量份数过高，可能在本次预混时就发生了色母粒分散不均的情况。
第三方面，参见图3，本申请还提供了一种可透光复合结构，其包括如上所述的可透光皮革材料形成的皮革层20，还包括与所述皮革层复合的泡棉材料层10，所述泡棉材料层10的发泡倍率为25-35，所述皮革层20和所述泡棉材料层10的厚度比为1：1-1：40。
该复合结构可应用于交通工具内饰，例如用于交通工具座椅、交通工具门板、交通工具中控台等位置，如此，在交通工具的骨架等包覆该复合结构的位置设置背景光源，当光源关灭时，呈现常规的内饰效果，而当背景光源点亮时可实现透光效果。对于该复合结构，不仅要求表皮层有良好的透光率，也要求泡棉材料层有优良的透光性能。
本申请采用高发泡倍率的泡棉材料层，具体来说，发泡倍率为25-35，该发泡倍率可以保证泡棉内部的平均孔径较大，以此，降低了光在泡棉内部的折射和散射现象的发生，有效缩短了光程且减少了光在传播过程中的损失，有效增大了泡棉材料层的透光率，该泡棉材料层的透光率采用ASTM E1348标准测试，不小于30％，可达50％以上。
将皮革层和泡棉材料层的厚度比例设置为1：1至1：40，有效保证了泡棉材料层的足够厚度，使其可产生足够的回弹缓冲效果，又不至于过厚，如果 泡棉材料层厚度过厚，也会延长光程和增大光在传播过程中的损失，难于实现优良的透光效果。采用ASTM E1348标准测试，该可透光复合结构的透光率可以达到8％以上，通常可以达到10％以上。
可透光复合结构中的皮革层制备完成后，然后通过透明胶水将皮革材料与泡棉材料粘贴在一起，上述的透明胶水指的是热熔胶等通透性较好的胶水，其是在皮革材料制备完成后涂覆于其上的，以便与泡棉材料粘接。本领域技术人员知晓，也可以采用透明胶膜将皮革材料与泡棉材料粘贴在一起。
也可以通过加热使得泡棉材料表面部分发生融化，趁热将皮革层与泡棉材料粘合，通过这种熔融粘接的方式使得皮革层和泡棉材料层复合。
根据不同的应用场景需要，所述皮革层的厚度可为0.1-1.0mm，所述泡棉材料层的厚度为1.0mm-4.0mm。
参见图4，在所述皮革层20和所述泡棉材料层10之间还设有图案层30，所述图案层30包括用于透光的镂空部和用于挡光的挡光部，所述镂空部和所述挡光部共同形成图案。
在某些应用场景中，需要在透光性复合结构的表面呈现出具有装饰效果或指示功能的图案，基于此，在一个优选的实施例中，在皮革层和泡棉材料层之间还设有图案层，所述图案层包括用于透光的镂空部和用于挡光的挡光部，所述镂空部和所述挡光部共同形成图案。如此，将该可透光复合结构覆盖在光源上，当光源关灭时，可透光复合结构呈现常规的人造革外观，而当光源点亮时，在可透光复合结构的表面呈现出图案。这样设置，一方面对光源的形状无要求，无需将光源设置为特定造型，另外，将图案层植于可透光复合结构内，能够使得图案层距离透光性复合结构的表面非常近，光线几乎不会发生散射，因此呈现的图案非常清晰。
参见图5，将图案层30设在在所述泡棉材料层10背离皮革层20的一面，所述图案层30包括用于透光的镂空部和用于挡光的挡光部，所述镂空部和所述挡光部共同形成图案，这样通过将皮革层和图案层分设在泡棉材料层两侧，使泡棉材料不与其它结构(例如交通工具内部骨架)等直接接触，对泡棉材料形成保护。
第四方面，参见图6-10，本申请提供了一种可透光复合结构，该包括如上的可透光皮革材料形成的皮革层20，还包括与所述皮革层复合在一起的3D间 隔织物缓冲层40，所述缓冲层包括相互平行且间隔设置的第一织物层100和第二织物层200、以及连接所述第一织物层100和第二织物层200的支撑层300，所述支撑层300由连接丝线310形成，所述连接丝线包括位于两个所述织物层之间的支撑线部311以及分别织入两个所述织物层的连接线部312，所述第一织物层100由织物丝线织成并至少由所述织物丝线形成多个第一网孔，所述第二织物层200由织物丝线织成并至少由所述织物丝线形成多个第二网孔，第一网孔与相对应的第二网孔面积对正80％到100％；所述连接丝线中至少80％的支撑线部311呈I型设置。通过如此设置，该3D间隔织物缓冲层的透光率可达80％以上，由其和皮革层复合而成的可透光复合结构的透光率可达到至少10％，通常可以达到15％以上。
具体地，进一步参见图7-9，连接丝线310可包括位于两个织物层之间的支撑线部311以及分别织入两个织物层的连接线部312，呈I型设置的各支撑线部311大致平行，且各支撑线部311垂直于第一织物层100，或者，各支撑线部311随着第一网孔110与第二网孔210之间的错位而相对于第一织物层100倾斜。可以理解的是，此处所述的垂直，指的是支撑线部311与第一网孔110的连接位置和支撑线部311与第二网孔210的连接位置对正，即，支撑线部311与第一网孔110的连接位置在第二织物层200上的投影与支撑线部311与第二网孔210的连接位置重合，因编织和丝线自身的挺度造成的弯曲(参照图6)也属于本申请所述的垂直的范畴。由于连接丝线310的大部分支撑线部311大致平行，且支撑线部311与第一网孔110、第二网孔210的连接位置对应，最大程度的降低从垂直于第一织物层100方向看位于网孔内的支撑线部311，从而进一步保证更多光线的通过。本领域技术人员可以理解，图7的第一网孔和第二网孔为六边形只是一个示例，第一织物层和第二织物层的网孔可以为各种适合的形状，如四边形和八边形等等。
在一个实施例中，连接丝线中各支撑线部均呈I型设置，这样更有利于透光。
在另一个实施例中，所述连接丝线中的各支撑线部包括呈I型设置的第一支撑线部，还包括呈V型和/或X型设置的第二支撑线部。具体地，连接丝线中一部分支撑线部呈I型设置，另一部分支撑线部则采用其他支撑性能更好的设置方式，例如采用V型、X型或者两者相结合的方式，例如，连接丝线中 的各支撑线部包括呈I型设置的第一支撑线部，还包括呈V型和/或X型设置的第二支撑线部，V型设置即第二支撑线部的形状为由第一线部和第二线部形成的V形(左侧为第一线部，右侧为第二线部)，V形的上部两端点与第一织物层100中的连接线部312相连，V形的下部端点与第二织物层200中的连接线部312相连，X型设置即第二支撑线部的形状为由第三线部和第四线部形成的X形(由上至下向右倾斜为第三线部，由上至下向左倾斜为第四线部)，X形的上部两端点与第一织物层100中的连接线部312相连，X形的下部两端点与第二织物层200中的连接线部312相连，其中，第一支撑线部的数量占支撑线部总量的80％以上，且在第二支撑线部仅呈V型设置的实施例中，所有的第一线部相互平行，所有的第三线部相互平行，在第二支撑线部仅呈X型设置的实施例中，所有的第三线部相互平行，所有的第四线部相互平行，在第二支撑线部中既有呈V型设置又有呈X型设置的实施例中，所有的第一线部、第三线部相互平行，所有的第二线部、第四线部相互平行，使得第二支撑部尽量少的挡光，如此，既能够保证三维间隔织物的透光性，又能够利用第二支撑线部来加强透光织物的支撑强度。为了尽量降低第二支撑部对透光效果的影响，进一步优选地，第二支撑部设置在透光织物的边缘位置。
进一步地，3D织物缓冲层由织物丝线400织成并至少由织物丝线400形成多个网孔，两个织物层分别为第一织物层100和第二织物层200，形成于第一织物层100的网孔为第一网孔110，形成于第二织物层200的网孔为第二网孔210，其中，第一网孔110与相应的第二网孔210面积对正80％到100％，即，第一网孔110与第二网孔210对正的面积为各自面积的80％到100％，当第一网孔110与第二网孔210一一对正时，第一网孔110与第二网孔210面积对正100％时，例如参照图8，一个第一网孔110与其对应的第二网孔210形成一个结构单元，图8是网孔为四边形的四个结构单元，每个结构单元中，第一网孔110与第二网孔210一一对正，第一网孔110的每个角均通过连接线部312与第二网孔210的角相连形成直形柱状结构，第一网孔110与第二网孔210面积对正大于等于80％且小于100％时，参照图9，每个结构单元中，第一网孔110与第二网孔210错位设置，第一网孔110的每个角均通过连接线部312与第二网孔210的角相连形成斜柱状结构，第一网孔110与第二网孔210对正的部分如图10所示，指的是第一网孔110在第二织物层200上的投影和距离 其最近的第二网孔210重叠的部分，即图10中的阴影部分，对正的面积即阴影部分的面积。将第一网孔110和第二网孔210设置为一一对正或者接近于一一对正，减少第一网孔110和第二网孔210的交错，从而保证更多的光线穿过。
通过上述的结构设置，一方面使得第一网孔110和第二网孔210尽可能的对正，一方面使得支撑线部311尽可能地与织物层相垂直，能够有效降低对光线的阻碍，保证更多的光线能够通过，从而大大提高了透光织物的透光率。
可选地，根据不同的应用场景需要，所述皮革层的厚度可为0.1-1.0mm，所述缓冲层的厚度可为1.0-4.0mm。
可选地，在所述皮革层和所述缓冲层之间还设有图案层，所述图案层包括用于透光的镂空部和用于挡光的挡光部，所述镂空部和所述挡光部共同形成图案。如此，能够使得图案层距离透光性复合结构的表面非常近，光线几乎不会发生散射，因此呈现的图案非常清晰。
可选地，在所述缓冲层背离所述皮革层的一面设有图案层，所述图案层包括用于透光的镂空部和用于挡光的挡光部，所述镂空部和所述挡光部共同形成图案。这样通过将皮革层和图案层分设在缓冲层两侧，使缓冲层材料不与其它结构(例如交通工具内部骨架)等直接接触，对缓冲层形成保护。
进一步地，本申请还提供了一种交通工具内饰，可用于汽车、火车等交通工具，采用如上所述的可透光皮革材料或可透光复合结构，从而实现交通工具内饰的透光效果。
进一步地，本申请还提供了一种装饰材料，该装饰材料可用于交通工具装饰用，也可用于家具装饰和3C设备(通讯设备、电脑设备、消费类电子设备)等其它应用环境，采用如上所述的可透光皮革材料或如上所述的可透光复合结构，可实现该装饰材料的透光效果。
本领域的技术人员能够理解的是，在不冲突的前提下，上述各优选方案可以自由地组合、叠加。
应当理解，上述的实施方式仅是示例性的，而非限制性的，在不偏离本申请的基本原理的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以针对上述细节做出的各种明显的或等同的修改或替换，都将包含于本申请的权利要求范围内。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种可透光皮革材料，其特征在于，所述皮革材料原料包括PP、PE、POE、色母粒和助剂；所述皮革材料原料重量份组成为：PP不超过15份，PE不超过15份，POE 70-90份，色母粒0.5-2份，助剂0.1-1份，且PP、PE和POE总重量为100份；所述PP、PE和POE的透光率均为80％以上；所述POE为丙烯-乙烯共聚物、乙烯-辛烯共聚物、乙烯-丁烯共聚物和乙烯-丁烯-辛烯共聚物中的至少一种。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的皮革材料，其特征在于，所述皮革材料原料重量份组成具体为：PP 5份，PE 5份，POE 90份，色母粒1.5份，助剂0.5份。
  3. 一种可透光皮革材料的制作工艺，其特征在于，制作步骤为：
    S100，将不超过15份的PP，不超过15份的PE，70-90份的POE，0.5-2份的色母粒，0.1-1份的助剂均匀混合，通过压延或挤出工艺获得所述可透光皮革材料的半成品；其中，PP、PE和POE总重量为100份；所述PP、PE和POE的透光率均为80％以上；所述POE为丙烯-乙烯共聚物、乙烯-辛烯共聚物、乙烯-丁烯共聚物和乙烯-丁烯-辛烯共聚物中的至少一种；
    S200，在所述半成品的表面涂覆表面处理剂，得到所述可透光皮革材料。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的制作工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤S100具体包括，
    S110，将所述POE中的一部分与所述色母粒进行预混造粒，得到初级原料；
    S120，将所述初级原料与其余原料混合、搅拌，通过压延或挤出工艺获得所述可透光皮革材料的半成品。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的制作工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤S110具体为，将所述POE的20％-40％与所述色母粒进行预混造粒，得到所述初级原料。
  6. 根据权利要求3所述的制作工艺，其特征在于，在所述步骤S100中，所述皮革材料原料重量份组成具体为：PP 5份，PE 5份，POE 90份，色母粒1.5份，助剂0.5份。
  7. 一种可透光复合结构，其特征在于，包括由根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的可透光皮革材料形成的皮革层，还包括与所述皮革层复合在一起的泡棉材料层，所述泡棉材料层的发泡倍率为25-35，所述皮革层和所述泡棉材料层的厚度比为1：1-1：40。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的复合结构，其特征在于，所述皮革层的厚度为0.1-1.0mm，所述泡棉材料层的厚度为1.0-4.0mm。
  9. 根据权利要求7或8所述的复合结构，其特征在于，在所述皮革层和所述泡棉材料层之间还设有图案层，所述图案层包括用于透光的镂空部和用于挡光的挡光部，所述镂空部和所述挡光部共同形成图案。
  10. 根据权利要求7或8所述的复合结构，其特征在于，在所述泡棉材料层背离所述皮革层的一面设有图案层，所述图案层包括用于透光的镂空部和用于挡光的挡光部，所述镂空部和所述挡光部共同形成图案。
  11. 一种可透光复合结构，其特征在于，包括由根据权利要求1-2中任一项所述的可透光皮革材料形成的皮革层，还包括与所述皮革层复合在一起的3D间隔织物缓冲层，所述缓冲层包括相互平行且间隔设置的第一织物层和第二织物层、以及连接所述第一织物层和第二织物层的支撑层，所述支撑层由连接丝线形成，所述连接丝线包括位于两个所述织物层之间的支撑线部以及分别织入两个所述织物层的连接线部，所述第一织物层由织物丝线织成并至少由所述织物丝线形成多个第一网孔，所述第二织物层由织物丝线织成并至少由所述织物丝线形成多个第二网孔，第一网孔与相对应的第二网孔面积对正80％到100％；所述连接丝线中至少80％的支撑线部呈I型设置。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的复合结构，其特征在于，所述连接丝线中的 各支撑线部均呈I型设置；或者，
    所述连接丝线中的各支撑线部包括呈I型设置的第一支撑线部，还包括呈V型和/或X型设置的第二支撑线部。
  13. 根据权利要求11-12任一项所述的复合结构，其特征在于，所述皮革层的厚度为0.1-1.0mm，所述缓冲层的厚度为1.0-4.0mm。
  14. 根据权利要求11-13任一项所述的复合结构，其特征在于，在所述皮革层和所述缓冲层之间还设有图案层，所述图案层包括用于透光的镂空部和用于挡光的挡光部，所述镂空部和所述挡光部共同形成图案。
  15. 根据权利要求11-13任一项所述的复合结构，其特征在于，在所述缓冲层背离所述皮革层的一面设有图案层，所述图案层包括用于透光的镂空部和用于挡光的挡光部，所述镂空部和所述挡光部共同形成图案。
  16. 一种交通工具内饰，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1-2中任一项所述的可透光皮革材料或如权利要求7-15中任一项所述的可透光复合结构。
  17. 一种装饰材料，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1-2中任一项所述的可透光皮革材料或如权利要求7-15中任一项所述的可透光复合结构。
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