Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D03—WEAVING
  • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
  • D03D11/00—Double or multi-ply fabrics not otherwise provided for
  • D03D11/02—Fabrics formed with pockets, tubes, loops, folds, tucks or flaps
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
  • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
  • B32B5/30—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being formed of particles, e.g. chips, granules, powder
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
  • B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
  • B32B7/027—Thermal properties
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
  • B32B27/20—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives using fillers, pigments, thixotroping agents
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/40—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyurethanes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
  • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
  • B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
  • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
  • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
  • B32B5/245—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it being a foam layer
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
  • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
  • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
  • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
  • B32B5/262—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary characterised by one fibrous or filamentary layer being a woven fabric layer
  • B32B5/263—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary characterised by one fibrous or filamentary layer being a woven fabric layer next to one or more woven fabric layers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
  • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
  • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
  • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
  • B32B5/265—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary characterised by one fibrous or filamentary layer being a non-woven fabric layer
  • B32B5/271—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary characterised by one fibrous or filamentary layer being a non-woven fabric layer characterised by separate non-woven fabric layers that comprise chemically different strands or fibre material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
  • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
  • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
  • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
  • B32B5/275—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary characterised by one woven fabric layer next to a non-woven fabric layer
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D03—WEAVING
  • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
  • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
  • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
  • D03D15/52—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads thermal insulating, e.g. heating or cooling
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A41—WEARING APPAREL
  • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
  • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
  • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
  • A41D31/06—Thermally protective, e.g. insulating
  • A41D31/065—Thermally protective, e.g. insulating using layered materials
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
  • A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
  • A47G9/00—Bed-covers; Counterpanes; Travelling rugs; Sleeping rugs; Sleeping bags; Pillows
  • A47G9/08—Sleeping bags
  • A47G9/086—Sleeping bags for outdoor sleeping
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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  • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
  • B32B2262/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
  • B32B2262/0276—Polyester fibres
  • B32B2262/0284—Polyethylene terephthalate [PET] or polybutylene terephthalate [PBT]
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B32B2262/16—Structural features of fibres, filaments or yarns e.g. wrapped, coiled, crimped or covered
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
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• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
  • B60N2/58—Seat coverings
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
  • F16L59/02—Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials
  • F16L59/029—Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials layered
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
  • F16L59/06—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
  • F16L59/08—Means for preventing radiation, e.g. with metal foil
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F41—WEAPONS
  • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
  • F41H3/00—Camouflage, i.e. means or methods for concealment or disguise
  • F41H3/02—Flexible, e.g. fabric covers, e.g. screens, nets characterised by their material or structure

Definitions

• This disclosure relates generally a thermally insulating substrate product, and a method of manufacturing same.
• Infra-red (IR) spectrum of light carries a large amount of thermal energy and can be emitted from any surface or body.
• This IR radiation is generated from the atomic and inter-atomic vibrations and can have photon wavelengths in the range of 0.78 to 1 ,000 micrometers.
• This emission can be categorized into near-IR (0.78 to 2.5 micrometers), mid-IR (2.5 to 25 micrometers) and far-IR (25 to 1,000 micrometers).
• This emission leads to heat loss or absorption and transfer of energy in addition to other heat transfer methods such as convection and conduction, and also can be detected by IR cameras and detectors in night vision and night or day surveillance. To improve insulation, comfort and efficiency in a cold environment, it is desirable to suppress this emission to improve comfort and increase energy conservation.
• IR radiation from the body is reduced and matched with that of the surrounding environment to achieve an adaptive camouflage that helps in concealing the personnel and vehicles from IR detectors, cameras and threat in different external environments.
• it is not only to reduce the IR emission but also match it to that of the surrounding environment.
• the IR concealing can also be important in view of privacy concerns caused by the widespread use of IR cameras for monitoring people. Therefore, broadband I R-shielding materials and technologies are essential for adaptive camouflage and concealing of military personnel, equipment, vehicles, and accessories in different environments as well as providing heat and energy conservation, insulation and comfort for military and emergency personnel as well as general consumers.
• US patent 8,916,265 presents a multi-spectral, selectively reflective construct to reduce IR emission
• thermally insulating substrate product that provides multiple functions including high and controllable thermal insulation, adaptive matching of thermal properties of the fabric with surrounding environment and reducing IR emission from the covered body to achieve energy conservation and adaptive camouflage.
• Thermal insulation and thermal regulation are provided by nanoporous aerogel particles and phase change material that control thermal conduction, convection, and IR emission in addition to storing heat energy to adapt to the external environmental temperature.
• the thermally insulating substrate product also includes IR blocking particles that significantly conceal and disperse IR emission. The combination can provide adaptive IR blocking and thermal insulation in a thin, light and flexible form that can be added to existing fabric as coating without adversely impacting the use and function of existing fabrics.
• the thermally insulating substrate product can include thicker foams and layers, thus providing insulation as well as spongy cushion and mechanical support for puffy jackets, shoes, or insulation in vehicles and houses.
• the thermally insulating substrate product can comprise a textile substrate formed from a variety of diameters of yarns and threads and be integrated in a woven, knitted, braided or unwoven fabric structures for delivery of controllable degree of adaptive IR concealing and thermal insulating and regulating functionality in a variety of apparel forms.
• a thermally insulating substrate product comprising: a substrate having at least one layer and comprising metallic particles having an average particle size and density selected to block or reflect infrared radiation and aerogel particles having an average pore size and density selected to control conducted and convected thermal energy.
• the substrate can have at least two layers including a first top layer comprising the metallic particles and a second bottom layer comprising the aerogel particles.
• the substrate can further comprise at least a third layer comprising a phase change material for absorbing conducted thermal energy.
• the first layer can further comprise a phase change material for absorbing conducted thermal energy.
• the aerogel particles can be selected from a group consisting of softwood kraft lignin, nanocellulose, algae, moss, silica, alumina, titania, zirconia, cadmium sulfide, and iron oxide.
• the aerogel particle layer can have a density from 0.0001 to 900 g/cm 3 and an average pore size from 1 to 100,000 nm.
• the phase change material can be polyethylene glycol or encapsulated paraffin.
• the metallic particles are selected from a group consisting of: Ag, Cu, antimony tin oxide, magnesium oxide, silicon dioxide, zirconium dioxide, indium tin oxide, atimony trioxide, zinc oxide, and antimony zinc.
• the metallic particles can have a density from 0.1% wt. to 90% wt. and an average particle size from 1 nm to 200 pm.
• the first layer can comprise non-woven electrospun nanofibers or wet-spun fibers embedded with the metallic particles.
• the first layer can have a polymer matrix composed of a biodegradable polymer or co-polymer, wherein the polymer matrix has a composition comprising polyethylene glycol-based polyurethane.
• the first layer can further comprise at least one colouring dye.
• the thermally insulating substrate product can further comprise a top fabric layer attached to a top surface of the substrate, and a bottom fabric layer attached to a bottom surface of the substrate.
• the product can the comprise a fabric layer in between the first and second layers.
• the substrate can comprise fluid flow channels configured to pass fluid such as a gas through the substrate.
• the substrate can have a textile layer formed from threads embedded with the metal particles. Further, the substrate can have a textile layer woven from a first set of threads embedded with the metallic particles and a second set of threads embedded with a phase change material. Alternatively, the substrate can have a textile layer woven from a first set of threads embedded with the metallic particles and a second set of threads embedded with the aerogel particles. Alternatively, the substrate can have a textile layer woven from a combination of a first set of threads embedded with metallic particles, a second set of threads embedded with the aerogel particles, and a third set embedded with a phase change material.
• the first layer of the substrate can be a first textile layer woven from threads embedded with the metallic particles
• the third layer of the substrate can be a textile layer woven from threads embedded with the phase change material.
• the first and second set of threads can be functional weft and warp yarns interwoven together orthogonally.
• the first and second set of threads can have a woven structure selected from a group consisting of: single jersey, in-lay, rib, interlock, and plaited.
• FIGS. 1(a) - (d) are schematic sectional side views of a thermally insulating substrate product according to embodiments of the invention, wherein FIG. 1(a) shows a thermally insulating substrate product having a surface layer with no pattern, FIG. 1(b) shows a thermally insulating substrate having a patterned surface layer, FIG. 1(c) shows a thermally insulating substrate attached to an exterior fabric layer having a pattern, and FIG. 1(d) shows a thermally insulating substrate having an integrated fabric layer.
• FIGS. 2(a) - (e) are infrared images of a square sample of the thermally insulating substrate product in various applications, wherein FIG. 2(a) shows the square sample held in a hand and located indoors, FIG. 2(b) shows the square sample attached to a military uniform overlaid on an optical image and located indoors, FIGS. 2(c) shows the square sample attached to a military uniform and located indoors, FIG. 2(d) shows the square sample attached to a military uniform and located outdoors, and FIGS. 2(e) shows the square sample attached to a painted hot metal plate and located indoors.
• FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional side view of an insulating cushion comprising the thermally insulating substrate product, according to another embodiment.
• FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional side view of thermally insulating materials of the thermally insulating substrate product, including IR blocking particles, aerogel material and phase change material having fiber, foam or particulate structure with controlled breathability.
• FIGS. 5(a) to (i) are schematic views and a microscope image of textile embodiments of the thermally insulating substrate product, comprising woven yarn threads in different configurations, wherein FIG. 5(a) shows a single hollow yarn thread, FIG.5(b) is a microscope image of the yarn thread of FIG. 5(b), FIG. 5(c) shows a woven layer of two yarn threads having different thermally insulating properties, FIG. 5(d) shows the textile having two woven layers encapsulating an aerogel-containing layer, wherein the two woven layers comprises a top I R blocking layer and a bottom phase change layer, and FIGS. 5(e) - (I) show different weave or knit configurations of the yarn threads.
• FIGS. 6(a) - (i) are schematic diagrams showing the thermally insulating substrate product used in different applications, wherein FIG. 6(a) shows the thermally insulating substrate product used in a helmet, FIG. 6(b) shows the thermally insulating substrate product used in a tent, FIG. 6(c) shows the thermally insulating substrate product used in base layer clothing, FIG. 6(d) shows the thermally insulating substrate product used in a glove, FIG. 6(e) shows the thermally insulating substrate product used on a vehicle structure, FIG. 6(f) shows the thermally insulating substrate product used in a seat structure, FIG. 6(g) shows the thermally insulating substrate product used in a sleeping bag, FIG. 6(h) shows the thermally insulating substrate product used in a jacket, and FIG. 6(i) shows the thermally insulating substrate product used in a sock.
• Embodiments described herein relate to a thermally insulating substrate product and a method for manufacturing same, suitable for applications to reduce heat loss or exposure to external heat or radiation, regulate body temperature, and/or provide thermal camouflage.
• substrate in this description means a base material on or in which processing is conducted, and includes textiles and films.
• thermalally insulating in this description means selectively containing or controlling the passage of thermal energy by one or more of IR radiation, thermal convection and thermal conduction.
• Embodiments of the thermally insulating substrate product comprise a base material containing metallic (i.e. metal or metal oxide) particles having an average particle size and density selected to reflect and block IR radiation, and a nanoporous aerogel material that have a selected porosity and density to control or block thermally-convected and thermally-conducted energy.
• nanoporous in this description means a material with either open or closed pores with at least one dimension in nanometer range, and typically between one and a few hundred nm, for example between 1-200 nm.
• the thermally insulating substrate product also comprises a phase change material to absorb thermal energy.
• the thermally insulating substrate product is a coating wherein the substrate is a film.
• film as used in this description means a thin layer having a nonwoven structure.
• the film substrate can be composed of non-woven electrospun nanofibers or wet-spun fibers.
• the thermally insulating substrate product is a textile wherein the substrate comprises woven threads.
• textile as used in this description means a flexible material made by creating an interlocking bundle of yarns or threads.
• the thermally insulating textile can be produced as a flexible, light and thin fabric for use in external environmental conditions for thermal camouflage as well for thermal insulation, energy conservation and/or thermal regulation.
• the thermally insulating textile can be added to an existing fabric without adversely impacting the use and function of the existing fabric.
• the thermally insulating textile can comprise one or more foam layers, to provide thermal insulation as well as a spongy cushion and mechanical support for various clothing products such as puffy jackets and shoes, and for other applications such as vehicles and buildings.
• the substrate of the thermally insulating textile can be formed from yarns and threads of varying diameters and be integrated in a woven, knitted, braided or unwoven fabric structures.
• a thermally insulating substrate product 110 is shown covering a thermally emissive object 100 such as a human or a vehicle in an external environment 101.
• the external environment can be hot or cold, day or night, outside or inside, at high or low altitude, different weather conditions including but not limited to rainy, snowy, windy, stormy, in a city, a desert, an icy field, a terrain, or a forest.
• the thermally insulating substrate product 110 comprises multiple layers including a first layer 111 comprising a nanoporous material containing aerogel particles 120 and pores 121 (“aerogel layer”), a second layer 112 comprising a phase change material 140 (“phase change layer”) and a third layer 113 comprising IR blocking particles 130 (“IR blocking layer”).
• the phase change layer 112 and IR blocking layer 113 can each comprise a textile base material.
• the aerogel layer 111 and IR blocking layer 113 can each comprise a textile base material. The function of this embodiment is not only to block heat loss from body in a cold environment but also serves to block external IR radiation from heating up a body in a hot environment.
• the aerogel layer 111 has a light foam or sponge-like structure that can provide exceptional heat insulation.
• a characteristic feature of aerogels which makes them suitable as efficient thermal insulations is their nanoporosity, wherein pore diameters within the aerogel structure in the nanometer range limit the mean free path of air molecules. Even at ambient air pressure the gaseous thermal conductivity within the aerogel is thus considerably lower than the conductivity of free air.
• the aerogel layer 111 provides a nanoporous structure that helps in creating low thermal conductance and air pockets for reduced thermal convection.
• the nanoporous aerogel layer 111 can provide thermally insulating properties while having a very light weight and thin profile.
• the aerogel material can provide other desired properties such as fire retardation and protection from heat.
• the aerogel particles 120 of the aerogel layer 111 provide thermal insulation against conductive and convective heat transfers as well some scattering of IR emissions.
• Suitable examples of aerogel particles include: organic materials such as softwood kraft lignin, nanocellulose, algae and moss; natural materials such as silica, alumina, titania, zirconia, cadmium sulfide (CdS), and iron oxide; and carbon allotropes and polymers known in art used to form aerogel.
• the aerogel layer 111 can be a film made entirely of aerogel particles (not shown) or a foam matrix having embedded aerogel particles 120 and air gaps and bubbles 121 that can form closed pores of open pores.
• the foam matrix can be formed as an open pore porous structure (e.g.
• the pores can be nanoscale pores having a selected density and pore size to provide a desired convective heat transfer through the aerogel layer 111.
• a suitable density is in the range of 0.0001 to 900 g/cm 3 and a suitable pores size is between 1 and 100,000 nanometers.
• the aerogel layer 111 is made from softwood kraft lignin by creating a gel which is then freeze-dried to form an aerogel material have highly porous with different pore sizes and structures.
• the aerogel material can then be made into powder or particles and incorporated in a foam matrix as shown in Fig. 1(a).
• the aerogel particles 120 or films can be made from algae including but not limited to Irish moss, through steps of forming a gel and freeze-drying or any other aerogel formation methods.
• the phase change layer 112 comprises a phase change material 140 having an extremely high latent heat due to the phase change process at a specific phase change transition temperature, particularly in the range of 100-200 J/g; as result, the phase change material is highly effective at absorbing and latent release of conducted thermal energy.
• Suitable example phase change materials include: natural materials such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), and encapsulated paraffin.
• the phase change material layer 112 can be coated onto the aerogel layer 111 by creating a solution of the phase change materials and spraying on the surface of the aerogel layer 111.
• the phase change material can coat the surfaces of the aerogel layer 111 and penetrate onto some of the sub-surfaces, producing an embedded nanocomposite structure.
• layers 111 and 112 can be non-continuous and spotty or in form of fibers or textile to achieve breathability as well as insulation.
• the IR blocking particles 130 of the IR blocking layer 113 provides thermal insulation by reflecting or scattering IR emissions.
• Suitable IR blocking particles 130 have the following optical properties: for metal particles, abundant free electrons and crystal structure leading to a high reflectivity for different parts of IR radiation spectrum; for metal oxide particles, a high band gap, typically in the range of 1.9 to 3.8, a high reflective index, typical value of 1.9, a disordered structure and/or having free electrons (n-type) that make surface plasmonic resonance.
• IR blocking particles 130 include metallic (metal and metal oxide) particles that provide strong IR blocking and reflection due to high surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect, such as Ag, Cu, Al, Au and metal oxides like magnesium oxide (MgO), silicon dioxide (SiCh), zirconium dioxide (ZrCh), antimony-tin-oxide (ATO), indium tin oxide (ITO), antimony trioxide (Sb20s), zinc oxide (ZnO) and antimony-zinc (Sb-Zn) or alloys of such metallic particles for increasing IR reflection and durability.
• the metallic particles can be nanoparticles having an average size range of one to a few hundred nanometers, e.g. 1-1,000 nm or microparticles having an average size range of one to a few hundred micrometers, e.g.1-500 pm.
• the IR blocking layer 113 comprises a thin film nanostructured base layer including non-woven electrospun nanofibers or wet-spun or melt-spun or melt-blown fibers having a composite of polymer and metallic particles as the IR blocking particles 130.
• the IR- blocking metallic particles 130 can be embedded in a polymer matrix of nanofibers or wet-spun or melt-blown fibers to provide superior adhesion and binding and can be fabricated from a composite ink in one step.
• Suitable materials for the polymer matrix include polyurethane, polyethylene glycol or a combination thereof and thermoplastics such as polypropylene.
• the density of IR blocking metallic nanoparticles 130 can be selected to achieve a desired level of IR blocking as well as a desired visible color of the IR blocking layer 113.
• the concentration of IR blocking particles 130 can be in the range of 0.1% wt. to 90% wt.
• a mixture of different IR blocking particles 130 can be used to achieve desired IR blocking as well as the visible color of the film.
• the film can be continuous or spotty to achieve breathable construction or desired pattern for IR blocking or visible pattern.
• the polymer matrix of the IR blocking layer 113 can be a biodegradable polymer of co-polymer including but not limited to polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based polyurethane (Pll), which improves thermal regulation and insulation due to phase change material properties of PEG and keeps the ATO layer bound, integrated and stable.
• the IR blocking layer 113 can have an electro-spun polymer base layer containing metallic IR blocking particles 130 with a rough surface with topographic features in the range of nano or micrometer, which contributes to IR scattering and reflection.
• the IR blocking layer has a rough surface due to fiber structures as well as polymer (Pll) and ATO or metallic nanoparticles.
• the thermally insulating substrate product 110 can comprise a single layer comprising both phase change material and IR blocking particles 130.
• the thermally insulating substrate product 110 has a IR blocking layer 113 comprising a mixture of IR blocking particles 130 and coloring dyes 131 and 132 having distinct visible colors (for example, dark green or brown, ...) to create a desired visual print on the top surface of the thermally insulating textile 110.
• a IR blocking layer 113 comprising a mixture of IR blocking particles 130 and coloring dyes 131 and 132 having distinct visible colors (for example, dark green or brown, ...) to create a desired visual print on the top surface of the thermally insulating textile 110. This can be used for achieving both visual and IR camouflage in the same fabric.
• the thermally insulating substrate product 110 comprises a conventional protective fabric 102 covering the outside of the IR blocking layer 113, and can be used in a jacket for consumer or military uses or in a tent or vehicle covering.
• the protective fabric 102 can have a specific visual print, for example a camouflage print that is achieved by printing dyes in regions 131 and 132.
• the external environment can be hot or cold, day or night, outside or inside, at high or low altitude, different weather conditions including but not limited to rainy, snowy, windy, stormy, in a city, a desert, an icy field, a terrain, or a forest.
• the protective fabric 102 can be used in applications including but not limited to: nylon/cotton ripstop military uniform fabric with camouflage prints or internal or external jacket layers, base layers, gloves, sleeves, tights, shorts or socks or other clothing fabric and layers.
• the thermally insulating textile 110 is coated on the back of the protective fabric 102 which helps in maintaining the visible external appearance, design and prints of the fabric including visible camouflage patterns and other design prints.
• This embodiment of the thermally insulating textile 110 is particularly intended for heat storage, thermal insulation and temperature regulation with the temperature of the surrounding environment, and shielding and concealing of heat and IR emission from body, thus providing an adaptive camouflage and insulation.
• the embodiment can also block exposure to external IR radiation and heating from sun or other heating sources thus keeping the body, house or other objects cool.
• the thermally insulating substrate product 110 comprises a conventional protective fabric 102 placed between the IR blocking layer 113 and the aerogel layer 111.
• the IR blocking layer 113 has a composition selected to have desired visual colors by controlling the density of IR blocking nanoparticles or embedding coloring dyes.
• the visual coloring pattern can be designed to include any design or desired visual and IR camouflage.
• a square sample of the thermally insulating substrate product 110 was imaged using an IR camera against a number of surfaces, including a hand (Fig. 2(a)).
• the resulting thermal image indicates that the thermally insulating substrate product 110 provides ⁇ 9°C drop to match and hide the emission of the hand (35.8°C) located in an indoor environment at 26.5°C.
• the square sample of the thermally insulating substrate product 110 was attached to a military uniform and reduced the thermal emission from the body (30.2°C) located in an indoor environment at 20.3°C.
• the optical image overlay shows the visual camouflage pattern of a conventional military fabric.
• the square sample of the thermally insulating substrate product 110 was attached to a military uniform located in an indoor environment at 22°C.
• the square sample of the thermally insulating substrate product 110 was attached to a military uniform worn on a body (29.8°C) and in an outdoor environment at 8°C; this demonstrates a ⁇ 21°C temperature drop and generally matching the environment temperature.
• the square sample of the thermally insulating substrate product 110 is shown on a hot colored metallic plate (51.7°C), reducing the measured temperature to 28°C and matching to an external indoors environment.
• a thermally insulating substrate product 210 comprises multiple layers including an aerogel layer 211, a phase change layer 212, an IR blocking layer 213, a first conventional protective external fabric 202 covering the outside of the IR blocking layer 213 and a second conventional protective inner fabric 203 covering the outside of the phase change layer 212.
• This embodiment can be used as a jacket, a covering, a underlayer for consumer or military uniform or tent or accessories or shoes or vehicle covering, which covers an emissive body 200 that can be a human or a vehicle in an external environment 201.
• the external environment can be hot or cold, day or night, outside or inside, at high or low altitude, different weather conditions including but not limited to rainy, snowy, windy, stormy, in a city, a desert, an icy field, a terrain, or a forest.
• the protective external fabric 202 can used in applications including but not limited to: ripstop military uniform fabric with camouflage prints external jacket layers, shoe or boot external layer or covering, backpack covering, sleeping bag or mat covering, sleeves, tights, shorts or socks or other clothing fabric and layers.
• the protective internal fabric 203 can be the internal layer of a military uniform fabric, jacket layer, shoe or boot internal layer or covering, backpack covering, sleeping bag or mat covering, sleeves, tights, shorts or socks or other clothing fabric and layers.
• the thermally insulating substrate product 210 can be used as internal insulation and IR blocking layer for any object or structure including but not limited to cars, shoes, houses rooms, doors or accessories.
• the aerogel layer 211, phase change layer 212, and IR blocking layer 213 are placed and encapsulated between the external 202 and internal 203 fabric layers and serve to provide conductive and convective thermal insulation and blocking of IR radiation for the purpose of heat preservation or IR concealing. These layers can be sewn together.
• the thermally insulating textile 210 has a highly porous structure, which provides a lightweight, “fluffy or puffy” structure that is highly compressible. More particularly, the aerogel layer 211 is configured to have a higher porosity and thickness than other embodiments to provide the desired structure. Additionally or alternatively, the aerogel layer 211 can be embedded with elastic and springy yarns to provide the desired structure.
• the thermally insulating textile 210 is particularly intended for heat storage, insulation and regulation with the temperature of surrounding environment, and shielding and concealing of heat and IR emission from body, thus providing an adaptive camouflage and insulation, mechanical cushioning, and a soft and compressible feel.
• the IR blocking layer 213 can have the same or similar composition and structure as the IR blocking layer 113 of the first to fourth embodiments.
• the aerogel layer 211 can have the same or similar composition and structure as the aerogel layer 111 of the first to fourth embodiments.
• the IR blocking layer 213 can have the same or similar composition and structure as the IR blocking layer 113 of the first to fourth embodiments.
• a thermally insulating substrate product 310 comprises multiple film layers including a nanoporous aerogel containing layer 311 , a phase change layer 312 and an IR blocking layer 313.
• the thermally insulating substrate product 310 covers an emissive body 300 that can be a human or a vehicle or an object located in an external environment 301.
• the external environment can be hot or cold, day or night, outside or inside, at high or low altitude, different weather conditions including but not limited to rainy, snowy, windy, stormy, in a city, a desert, an icy field, a terrain, or a forest.
• each of the film layers 311 , 312, and 313 are comprised of micro- structured and nano-structured particles, nanofibers, microfiber of the desired materials that form a porous packed layer with channels 360 that allows fluid flow (e.g. air, humidity and sweat) to pass through.
• These film layers 311, 312, 313 can be deposited from inks containing the desired particles of each layer using a 3D printer or roll-to-roll printer, screen printing or lamination processes.
• These film layers 311, 312, 313 can be electrospun and be in form of non-woven nanofibers whose approximate cross-section are displayed in Fig. 4.
• the IR blocking layer 313 can be configured to block all IR emission despite being highly porous structure by layering the IR blocking particles 330.
• Binding fibers or mesh 350 are used in the different layers 311, 312, 313 to hold the particles or nanofibers securely together while maintaining a high porosity.
• the IR blocking particles 330 and coloring dye particles 331 are used in IR blocking layer 313 to provide IR blocking as well as visible print or camouflage.
• the aerogel layer 311 is made from particles that contain aerogel particles 320 and air gaps and bubbles 321 like in the other embodiments but additionally with channels 360 that allow fluid flow.
• the phase change layer 312 comprises a phase change material 340 like in the other embodiments but additionally with channels 360 that allow fluid flow.
• the thermally insulating substrate product 410 comprises one or more textile layers containing thermally insulating materials.
• the different textile layers are each formed by spinning the material in form of a solid or hollow yarn whose shell contains the desired nanoparticles.
• a I R blocking layer 413 can be spun from a thin hollow fiber whose shell contain the desired IR blocking nanoparticles 430 such as ATO, Cu, Ag or other IR blocking materials (“IR blocking yarn”). This can be done by wet-spinning, electrospinning or other fiber spinning methods that are used for fabrication of fibers from a source material.
• the electrospun materials can be in the form of web, having a microstructure made of entangled nanofibers.
• Fig. 5(b) shows an optical microscope image of a hollow Cu-PET fibers wet-spun with a diameter of 100 micrometers.
• a phase change layer 412 can be spun from a fiber incorporating a phase change material (“phase change yarn”).
• an aerogel layer can be spun from a fiber incorporating aerogel particles (“aerogel yarn”, not shown).
• Fig. 5(c) illustrates an embodiment comprising a thermally insulating substrate product 410 comprising a single textile base layer comprising interwoven phase change yarn 412 and IR blocking yarn 413 or aerogel yarn.
• the thermally insulating substrate product 410 provides both thermal convection and conduction insulation and regulation and IR insulation and concealing due to the presence of both IR blocking and phase change yarns 412, 413 in a woven structure.
• Fig. 5(d) demonstrates another embodiment of the thermally insulating substrate product 410, comprising two textile layers 412, 413 encapsulating an aerogel layer 411.
• the phase change layer 412 comprises a woven fabric of phase change yarns and the IR blocking layer 413 comprises a woven fabric of IR blocking yarns.
• the aerogel layer 411 comprises a highly particulate or fiber structure of aerogel foam.
• the textile layers 412, 413 can have functional weft and warp yarns interwoven together orthogonally.
• the woven structures can be in the form of double cloth or triple cloths with different variations of the principal structural types.
• the double cloths include selfstitched double cloths, center-stitched double cloths, thread-interchange double cloths (Fig. 5(h)), and cloth-interchange double cloths.
• the double cloths can contain two series of threads/yarns in both warp and weft directions to interweave orthogonally to form separate face and back fabric layers.
• the separate face and back layers can be the IR blocking yarn 413 and the phase change yarn 412 or aerogel yarn.
• Interconnection/stitching of each two separate layers can be accomplished by occasionally dropping a face warp under a back weft 417 (Fig. 5(e)) or lifting a back warp above the face weft 416 (Fig. 5(f)) or by utilizing both methods simultaneously (Fig. 5(g)) in the cloth with variable proportions.
• Fig. 5(e) and 5(g) shows the textile woven structures formed by lifting the back layer (412) warp 415 above 418 the face layer (413) weft 416. This is based on the design but not limited to 2/2 (two up and two down) twill weave with variable step or move numbers (Fig. 5(j)).
• the fabric structure can be a knitted fabric having phase change yarns 412 and IR blocking yarns 413 at different stitch densities for achieving desired insulation and IR blocking properties.
• a knitted fabric system may be but not limited to the structures including single jersey, in-lay (Fig. 5(k)), rib, interlock, and plaited structure.
• An embodiment depicted in the Fig. 5(h) can include knitted fabric but not limited to the functional low surface emissivity yarns and IR blocking yarns.
• Low surface emissivity yarns can be but not limited to nylon, polyester or any other synthetic filaments with or without texturing. These yarns may include dopants including but not limited to copper, silver, or any other low emissive particles.
• the IR blocking yarns may include but not limited to ATO, Cu, Ag, Al, Au reinforced with polymeric materials. All the aforementioned functional yarn systems (412, 413 or aerogel yarns) may be fabricated by but not limited to wet spinning, dry spinning, melt spinning, or any other fibre forming methods.
• the crosssection of these filaments can include but not limited to hollow, solid or any other type of geometry.
• the hollow filament systems may include any type of phase change materials but not limited only to this.
• the fabric structure can be complex three-dimensional braiding and jacquard braiding to achieve desired fabric structure, form and desired heat and IR insulation for a variety of applications including clothing, military accessories, structural components, biomedical applications, implanted components.
• phase change yarns 412 and IR blocking yarns 413 can be incorporated in the compositions of the conventional protective external and internal fabrics such as 102 and 202 and 203 as described above.
• the integration technique could include fabric production methods such as weaving, knitting, braiding or embroidery.
• the thermally insulating substrate product 510 comprises the aerogel layer 511, the phase change layer 512 and IR blocking layer 513, and can be coated on the surface of or attached to objects having various surface finishes including but not limited to: metal, wood, and concrete.
• the aerogel layer 511 has a controllable porosity and thickness to provide the desired thickness, for this embodiment of the invention.
• the aerogel layer 511 can be embedded with elastic and springy yarns or embedded composition to provide springy mechanical feel and support for weight.
• the aerogel layer 511 can be embedded with a phase change layer 512 to add extreme thermal capacity to absorb heat and regulate temperature by virtue of its latent heat of the material used.
• the IR blocking layer 513 comprises IR blocking particles with very low IR emissivity, strong IR reflection and scattering.
• the object 500 as shown in Fig. 6(a) can be a helmet, a military helmet, a hat or any other protective head gear, having a visible camouflage, or another pattern, print or no pattern, which is in an external environment 501.
• the object 500 as shown in Fig. 6(b) can be a tent, a house (embedded insulation in the walls or subsurfaces), a room, a roof, an awning, a window screen, curtain or shutter, an umbrella or any other temporary or permanent structure or covering, having a visible camouflage, or another pattern, print or no pattern, which is in an external environment 501.
• the object 500 as shown in Fig. 6(d) can be gloves, protective gloves, gaming gloves, surgical gloves, rehabilitation gloves, work gloves, ski gloves, having a visible camouflage, or another pattern, print or no pattern, which is in an external environment 501.
• the object 500 as shown in Fig. 6(d) can be gloves, protective gloves, gaming gloves, surgical gloves, rehabilitation gloves, work gloves, ski gloves, having a visible camouflage, or another pattern, print or no pattern, which is in an external environment 501.
• 6(e) can be a vehicle, a truck, a motorcycle, a tank, a bus, a helicopter, an airplane, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), a drone, an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV), an electric vehicle, an electric truck, an electric bus, a ship, a boat, space shuttle, satellite or any other ground, air, sea and space vehicles, having a visible insulation and camouflage suited for their environment, or another pattern, print or no pattern, which is in an external environment 501.
• the object 500 as shown in Fig. 6(g) can be a sleeping bag, a compactable sleeping bag, an insulation mat, a rug, a spacer, having a visible camouflage, or another pattern, print or no pattern, which is in an external environment 501.
• the object 500 as shown in Fig. 6(g) can be a sleeping bag, a compactable sleeping bag, an insulation mat, a rug, a spacer, having a visible camouflage, or another pattern, print or no pattern, which is in an external environment 501.
• the object 500 as shown in Fig. 6(i) can be socks, stockings, compression stockings, compression socks, sleeves, shoe insoles, having a visible camouflage, or another pattern, print or no pattern, which is in an external environment 501.
• the thermally insulating substrate product 510 is specifically designed for heat storage, insulation and regulation with the temperature of surrounding environment, and shielding and concealing of heat and IR emission from body, thus providing an adaptive camouflage and insulation, and mechanical cushion, soft and compressible feel for the fabric.
• the thermally insulating substrate product 510 is intended to provide superior thermal conductive and convective insulation, and IR radiation blocking for the purpose of heat preservation or IR concealing.
• the external environment can be hot or cold, day or night, outside or inside, at high or low altitude, different weather conditions including but not limited to rainy, snowy, windy, stormy, in a city, a desert, an icy field, a terrain, or a forest.
• a component e.g. a substrate, assembly, device, manifold, etc.
• reference to that component should be interpreted as including as equivalents of that component any component which performs the function of the described component (i.e. , that is functionally equivalent), including components which are not structurally equivalent to the disclosed structure which performs the function in the illustrated exemplary embodiments described herein.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Woven Fabrics (AREA)
• Thermal Insulation (AREA)
• Knitting Of Fabric (AREA)
• Artificial Filaments (AREA)
• Braiding, Manufacturing Of Bobbin-Net Or Lace, And Manufacturing Of Nets By Knotting (AREA)
• Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)

Priority Applications (6)

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Publications (1)

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Cited By (6)

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Citations (16)

Family Cites Families (8)

• 2021
  • 2021-12-17 WO PCT/CA2021/051834 patent/WO2022126279A1/en not_active Ceased
  • 2021-12-17 EP EP21904739.6A patent/EP4264111A4/en active Pending
  • 2021-12-17 CA CA3198021A patent/CA3198021A1/en active Pending
  • 2021-12-17 KR KR1020237024461A patent/KR20230146518A/ko active Pending
  • 2021-12-17 JP JP2023537613A patent/JP2024501236A/ja active Pending
  • 2021-12-17 US US18/266,552 patent/US20240042731A1/en active Pending
  • 2021-12-17 CN CN202180083017.6A patent/CN116997462A/zh active Pending

Patent Citations (16)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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