WO2022121740A1 - 一种扬声器及电子设备 - Google Patents

一种扬声器及电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022121740A1
WO2022121740A1 PCT/CN2021/134612 CN2021134612W WO2022121740A1 WO 2022121740 A1 WO2022121740 A1 WO 2022121740A1 CN 2021134612 W CN2021134612 W CN 2021134612W WO 2022121740 A1 WO2022121740 A1 WO 2022121740A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
annular
voice coil
circuit structure
magnetic
ring
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/134612
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐昌荣
郭李
张铁男
皮世佳
刘卫
许超
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
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Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP21902447.8A priority Critical patent/EP4240024A4/en
Priority to US18/256,093 priority patent/US20240040318A1/en
Publication of WO2022121740A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022121740A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/24—Structural combinations of separate transducers or of two parts of the same transducer and responsive respectively to two or more frequency ranges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/025—Magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/06—Arranging circuit leads; Relieving strain on circuit leads
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2400/00—Loudspeakers
    • H04R2400/11—Aspects regarding the frame of loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2499/00—Aspects covered by H04R or H04S not otherwise provided for in their subgroups
    • H04R2499/10—General applications
    • H04R2499/11—Transducers incorporated or for use in hand-held devices, e.g. mobile phones, PDA's, camera's
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R31/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor
    • H04R31/003—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor for diaphragms or their outer suspension
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R31/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of transducers or diaphragms therefor
    • H04R31/006—Interconnection of transducer parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/12—Non-planar diaphragms or cones
    • H04R7/127—Non-planar diaphragms or cones dome-shaped
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/12—Non-planar diaphragms or cones
    • H04R7/14—Non-planar diaphragms or cones corrugated, pleated or ribbed
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/16—Mounting or tensioning of diaphragms or cones
    • H04R7/18—Mounting or tensioning of diaphragms or cones at the periphery
    • H04R7/20—Securing diaphragm or cone resiliently to support by flexible material, springs, cords, or strands
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/04—Construction, mounting, or centering of coil
    • H04R9/041—Centering
    • H04R9/043—Inner suspension or damper, e.g. spider
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/04—Construction, mounting, or centering of coil
    • H04R9/045—Mounting

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of speaker structures, and in particular, to a speaker and an electronic device.
  • Sound effects are the basic requirements of speakers (such as headphones and speaker speakers). Users have increasingly higher requirements for sound effects of speakers, requiring speakers with wider high-frequency extension and better low-frequency dive.
  • Traditional speakers use a single speaker unit, which is difficult to meet the optimal design of high and low frequencies at the same time. If there is a bass effect, there will be no high-pitched part, and if there is a high-pitched effect, there will be no bass part, and the output sound quality is poor. Based on this, loudspeaker solutions combining tweeters and woofers have emerged in the industry.
  • Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 are three kinds of loudspeakers with dual-unit combination respectively.
  • These three kinds of loudspeakers all use a moving coil horn as the woofer 10, and respectively use a moving coil horn, a piezoelectric ceramic sounding sheet, and a moving iron horn as the woofer 10.
  • the tweeter unit 20 two units in each type of loudspeaker are axially stacked, occupying more axial space, and the overall structural thickness is about 1.5 to 2.5 times the thickness of the single moving coil unit.
  • the existing loudspeaker using a combination of a tweeter unit and a woofer unit has a large axial size, which is difficult to meet the requirements of the tight interior space of the loudspeaker.
  • Embodiments of the present application provide a loudspeaker and an electronic device, which solve the problems that the existing loudspeaker using a combination of a tweeter unit and a woofer unit has a large axial size, and the tweeter unit and the woofer unit emit different frequencies of sound respectively, and there is a phase difference, resulting in sound separation. .
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a loudspeaker, the loudspeaker includes a basin frame, a first sounding unit, a second sounding unit and an elastic suspension.
  • the first sounding unit includes a magnetic circuit structure, a voice coil and an annular diaphragm.
  • the magnetic circuit structure is installed on the basin frame, and the magnetic circuit structure has an annular air gap.
  • the annular diaphragm is spaced from the magnetic circuit structure, the voice coil is connected to the annular diaphragm, at least a part of the voice coil is accommodated in the annular air gap, and the connection between the voice coil and the annular diaphragm forms a bass vibration sound source noodle.
  • the voice coil When the voice coil is in the first magnetic field provided by the magnetic circuit structure and an audio current passes through the voice coil, the voice coil is used to generate a second magnetic field that varies with the audio current.
  • the second sounding unit is arranged coaxially with the first sounding unit, the second sounding unit is installed in the middle of the side of the magnetic circuit structure facing the annular diaphragm, the sounding frequency of the second sounding unit is greater than the sounding frequency of the first sounding unit, the The second sounding unit has a high-pitched vibration sound source surface, and the high-pitched vibration sound source surface and the bass vibration sound source surface are coplanar.
  • the elastic suspension is used to elastically support the voice coil and annular diaphragm on the basin frame.
  • a moving coil speaker is used as the first sounding unit, and the second sounding unit is arranged in the middle of one side of the magnetic circuit structure of the first sounding unit. Since the first sounding unit and the second sounding unit can output sounds of different frequencies respectively, the speaker can meet the requirements of high and low frequencies at the same time, and improve the performance of high frequency extension and low frequency diving.
  • the second sounding unit in the loudspeaker of the embodiment of the present application is located in the middle of one side of the magnetic circuit structure, so that the axial dimension of the loudspeaker is smaller, and the overall thickness is the same as that of the single moving coil unit. The thickness is similar to improve space utilization.
  • the second sounding unit is arranged coaxially with the first sounding unit, and the high-pitched vibration sound source surface of the second sounding unit is coplanar with the bass vibration sound source surface of the first sounding unit, which can reduce the phase difference caused by the output of sounds of different frequencies by different units. In the case of sound separation, the spatial position of the instrument is more accurate.
  • Elastic suspension is used to elastically support the voice coil and the annular diaphragm on the basin frame, which is conducive to the vibration of the voice coil and the annular diaphragm within a predetermined range, reduces the situation of swing polarization, and improves reliability.
  • the elastic suspension includes an inner ring portion, a middle ring portion and an outer ring portion that are coaxially arranged, and a first ring portion connected between the inner ring portion and the middle ring portion.
  • the voice coil vibrates up and down in the annular air gap
  • the middle ring part and the connection between the annular diaphragm and the middle ring part follow the vibration.
  • the function of the coil and the annular diaphragm vibrating within a predetermined range can effectively reduce the situation of swing polarization or even the breaking of the voice coil, and improve the reliability of the first sounding unit.
  • the elastic suspension is provided as a flexible circuit board for providing audio current for the voice coil and the second sounding unit.
  • the outer ring part has an input terminal, the voice coil is electrically connected with the middle ring part, and the second sounding unit is electrically connected with the inner ring part.
  • the voice coil and the second sounding unit are respectively arranged on the middle and inner ring parts, the ends of the voice coil are connected to the positive and negative terminals of the middle ring, and the second sounding unit is connected to the positive and negative terminals of the inner ring.
  • the input terminal of the outer ring part is connected to the external circuit, and the circuit is connected to realize signal transmission, and there is no need to manually lead the voice coil and the second sounding unit, which reduces the difficulty of the process, improves the assembly efficiency and reliability, and facilitates the realization of automated processes.
  • both the first cantilever and the second cantilever are meanderingly arranged. Improve the fatigue resistance of the cantilever, and set the cantilever of the elastic suspension to be relatively long in a limited space to meet the requirements of tight space.
  • the number of the first cantilever is multiple, and the number of The first cantilever is symmetrically arranged around the axis of the middle ring portion.
  • the number of the second cantilever is multiple, and the plurality of second cantilevers are symmetrically arranged around the axis of the middle ring portion.
  • the bending manner of each first cantilever is the same, and the bending manner of each second cantilever is the same.
  • the centrally symmetrical arrangement of the cantilever can make the vibration of the voice coil symmetrical on both sides of the radial direction, effectively reduce and suppress the swing, and improve the sound quality effect.
  • the diameter difference between the outer ring portion and the middle ring portion is the same as the diameter of the middle ring.
  • the ratio between the diameter difference of the inner ring portion and the inner ring portion ranges from 0.6 to 1.4.
  • the voice coil is generally arranged at the middle position between the inner edge and the outer edge of the annular diaphragm, so as to increase the sound output area of the first sounding unit, so as to improve the sound outputting effect of the first sounding unit.
  • the magnetic circuit structure includes a magnetic conductive base, a magnet and a magnetic conductive plate.
  • the magnetic conductive base includes a plate-shaped part and a cylindrical part connected to the outer edge of the plate-shaped part.
  • the magnet is installed on the plate-shaped part, and the magnetic conductive plate is installed on the magnet.
  • One end of the plate forms an opening into which the voice coil extends.
  • the cylindrical portion is attached to the basin frame.
  • the magnetic circuit structure can generate magnetic field lines passing through the annular air gap, which is called the first magnetic field.
  • the voice coil is at least partially protruded through the opening of the annular air gap.
  • a second magnetic field is generated.
  • the second magnetic field of the voice coil interacts with the first magnetic field of the magnetic circuit structure to make the voice coil vibrate to drive the ring.
  • the diaphragm vibrates.
  • the magnetic circuit structure includes a magnetic conductive seat, a ring magnet, and a magnetic conductive ring .
  • the magnetic conductive base includes a plate-shaped part and a column-shaped part connected to the middle part of the plate-shaped part.
  • the ring-shaped magnet is mounted on the plate-shaped part, and the magnetic conducting ring is mounted on the ring-shaped magnet.
  • One end of the annular air gap close to the magnetic conducting ring forms an opening for the voice coil to extend into.
  • the magnetic guide seat is installed on the basin frame.
  • the magnetic circuit structure can generate magnetic field lines passing through the annular air gap, which is called the first magnetic field.
  • the voice coil is at least partially protruded through the opening of the annular air gap.
  • a second magnetic field is generated.
  • the second magnetic field of the voice coil interacts with the first magnetic field of the magnetic circuit structure to make the voice coil vibrate to drive the ring.
  • the diaphragm vibrates.
  • the magnetic circuit structure includes a magnetic conductive seat, an inner ring magnet, and an outer ring magnet , Inner ring magnetic guide plate and outer ring magnetic guide plate.
  • the inner ring magnet and the outer ring magnet are coaxially installed on the magnetic guide base, the inner ring magnetic guide plate and the outer ring magnetic guide plate are installed on the inner ring magnet and the outer ring magnet in a one-to-one correspondence, and the inner ring magnetic guide plate is connected to the outer ring magnet.
  • the magnetic conductive plates of the inner ring are spaced apart, and an annular air gap is formed between the assembly composed of the inner ring magnet and the magnetic conductive plate of the inner ring and the assembly composed of the inner magnet and the magnetic conductive plate of the inner ring, and the annular air gap is close to the magnetic conductive plate of the inner ring.
  • One end forms an opening for the voice coil to penetrate.
  • the magnetic guide seat is installed on the basin frame.
  • the magnetic circuit structure can generate magnetic field lines passing through the annular air gap, which is called the first magnetic field.
  • the voice coil is at least partially protruded through the opening of the annular air gap.
  • a second magnetic field is generated.
  • the second magnetic field of the voice coil interacts with the first magnetic field of the magnetic circuit structure to make the voice coil vibrate to drive the ring.
  • the diaphragm vibrates.
  • the middle of the side of the magnetic circuit structure facing the annular diaphragm is provided with a a bracket, and the second sounding unit is mounted on the bracket. In this way, the position of the second sounding unit is raised by a certain distance relative to the magnetic circuit structure, so that the connection between the annular diaphragm and the voice coil is kept coplanar with the second sounding unit.
  • the middle part of the magnetic circuit structure has an axial through hole
  • the bracket has a mounting groove for mounting the second sounding unit
  • the mounting groove is communicated with the axial through hole.
  • the inner side of the second sounding unit is communicated with the outside through the axial through hole of the magnetic circuit structure, which reduces the negative pressure on the inside of the second sounding unit, and makes the air pressure on both sides of the second sounding unit close, which is beneficial to improve the output sound effect of the second sounding unit .
  • the side wall of the bracket has a ventilation hole, and the ventilation hole passes between the annular air gap and the axial through hole Connected.
  • the inner side of the annular diaphragm is communicated with the outside through the ventilation holes of the bracket and the axial through holes of the magnetic circuit structure, which reduces the negative pressure on the inner side of the annular diaphragm and makes the air pressure on both sides of the annular diaphragm close, which is beneficial to improve the first The output sound effect of a sound unit.
  • the bracket has a first positioning groove, and the basin frame There is a second positioning groove; the first positioning groove is provided with a first support ring, and the second positioning groove is provided with a second support ring; the inner edge of the annular diaphragm is connected to the first support ring, and the annular diaphragm is The outer edge is connected to the second support ring.
  • the annular diaphragm includes a coaxially arranged first annular portion With the second annular portion, the outer edge of the first annular portion is connected with the inner edge of the second annular portion, and the radial cross-section of the first annular portion and the radial cross-section of the second annular portion are arched.
  • the voice coil is connected to the connection between the first annular portion and the second annular portion.
  • Both the inner concave surface of the first annular portion and the inner concave surface of the second annular portion are disposed toward the magnetic circuit structure, which is beneficial to improve the rigidity of the annular diaphragm and the reliability of the up-and-down vibration of the annular diaphragm.
  • the radial cross section of the first annular portion or the second annular portion can also be independently set as an arch, which can also improve the rigidity of the annular diaphragm.
  • the second sounding unit is a microelectromechanical speaker, a piezoelectric ceramic sounding chip, electrostatic horn or flat panel horn.
  • These second sounding units are compact in structure and occupy less space, and are easy to be assembled into the middle of one side of the magnetic circuit structure of the first sounding unit, so as to realize the integration of the second sounding unit and the first sounding unit, improve the sound effect, and reduce the space occupied by the speakers .
  • the outer diameter of the basin frame and the bottom surface of the magnetic circuit structure to the bass ranges from 1 to 9.
  • the speaker sets the second sounding unit coaxially with the first sounding unit, and the high-pitched vibration sound source surface and the bass vibration sound source surface are arranged coplanar, making full use of the axial space, meeting the requirements of high and low frequencies, and improving high-frequency response.
  • the basin frame has a through hole, and the magnetic circuit structure is at least partially assembled in the In the through hole; the inner wall of the through hole is provided with a blocking arm, the magnetic circuit structure has a limiting groove, and the blocking arm is engaged with the limiting groove to limit the position of the magnetic circuit structure relative to the basin frame.
  • the basin frame has a first ventilation that communicates with the annular air gap holes, and a first porous damping layer for covering the first ventilation holes;
  • the magnetic circuit structure has a second ventilation hole communicating with the annular air gap, and a second porous damping layer for covering the second ventilation holes.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, including the above-mentioned speaker.
  • the axial dimension of the loudspeaker in the electronic device of the embodiment of the present application is small, which improves the space utilization rate. It can reduce the phase difference between the first sounding unit and the second sounding unit respectively outputting sounds of different frequencies, and the sense of the spatial position of the musical instrument is more accurate.
  • Elastic suspension is used to elastically support the voice coil and the annular diaphragm on the basin frame, which is conducive to the vibration of the voice coil and the annular diaphragm within a predetermined range, reduces the situation of swing polarization, and improves reliability.
  • Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 are the structural schematic diagrams that the prior art provides three kinds of loudspeakers respectively;
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective exploded view of a speaker provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional cross-sectional view of a speaker provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a speaker provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the speaker provided by the embodiment of the present application after disassembling the annular diaphragm;
  • FIG. 8 are a front view, a top view, and a bottom view of the speaker provided by the embodiment of the present application, respectively.
  • an embodiment of the present application provides a loudspeaker, which includes a basin frame 100 , a first sounding unit 200 , a second sounding unit 300 and an elastic suspension 400 .
  • the first sounding unit 200 includes a magnetic circuit structure 210 , a voice coil 220 and an annular diaphragm 230 .
  • the magnetic circuit structure 210 is installed on the basin frame 100 , and the magnetic circuit structure 210 has an annular air gap 211 .
  • the annular diaphragm 230 is spaced apart from the magnetic circuit structure 210 , the voice coil 220 is connected to the annular diaphragm 230 , at least a part of the voice coil 220 is accommodated in the annular air gap 211 , and the gap between the voice coil 220 and the annular diaphragm 230 is The connection between them forms a bass vibration sound source surface 200a.
  • the voice coil 220 is in the first magnetic field provided by the magnetic circuit structure 210 and an audio current passes through the voice coil 220, the voice coil 220 is used to generate a second magnetic field that varies with the audio current.
  • the second sounding unit 300 is disposed coaxially with the first sounding unit 200, the second sounding unit 300 is installed in the middle of the side of the magnetic circuit structure 210 facing the annular diaphragm 230, and the sounding frequency of the second sounding unit 300 is higher than that of the first sounding
  • the sounding frequency of the unit 200, the second sounding unit 300 has a high-pitched vibration sound source surface 300a, and the high-pitched vibration sound source surface 300a and the bass vibration sound source surface 200a are coplanar.
  • the elastic suspension 400 is used to elastically support the voice coil 220 and the annular diaphragm 230 on the basin frame 100 .
  • a moving coil speaker is used as the first sounding unit 200
  • the second sounding unit 300 is arranged in the middle of one side of the magnetic circuit structure 210 of the first sounding unit 200 . Since the first sounding unit 200 and the second sounding unit 300 can output sounds of different frequencies respectively, the speaker can meet the requirements of high and low frequencies at the same time, and improve the performance of high frequency extension and low frequency diving.
  • the second sounding unit 300 in the loudspeaker of the embodiment of the present application is located in the middle of one side of the magnetic circuit structure 210, so that the axial dimension of the loudspeaker is smaller, and the overall thickness is the same as that of the single-acting unit.
  • the thickness of the ring elements is similar, which improves the space utilization rate.
  • the second sounding unit 300 is arranged coaxially with the first sounding unit 200, and the high-pitched vibration sound source surface 300a of the second sounding unit 300 is coplanar with the bass vibration sound source surface 200a of the first sounding unit 200, which can reduce the output of different frequencies by different units.
  • the elastic suspension 400 is used to elastically support the voice coil 220 and the annular diaphragm 230 on the basin frame 100 , which facilitates the vibration of the voice coil 220 and the annular diaphragm 230 within a predetermined range, reduces swing polarization, and improves reliability.
  • the second sounding unit 300 is arranged coaxially with the first sounding unit 200, allowing a certain deviation between the axes of the two units.
  • the high-pitched vibration sound source surface 300a and the bass vibration sound source surface 200a are coplanar, allowing a certain deviation between the two vibration sound source surfaces.
  • the first sounding unit 200 and the second sounding unit 300 can respectively output sounds of different frequencies.
  • the voice coil 220 in the first sounding unit 200 may vibrate at a first frequency, and the first sounding unit 200 generates low-frequency sound.
  • the second sounding unit 300 may vibrate at the second frequency to generate intermediate and high frequency sounds.
  • the first frequency is 50 hertz (Hz) to 5000 Hz.
  • the second frequency is 300 Hz to 20000 Hz.
  • the specific pronunciation frequency is not limited.
  • the magnetic circuit structure 210 is used to provide a first magnetic field.
  • the voice coil 220 When an audio current passes through the voice coil 220 in the first magnetic field provided by the magnetic circuit structure 210, the voice coil 220 generates a second magnetic field that varies with the audio current.
  • the second magnetic field interacts with the first magnetic field provided by the magnetic circuit structure 210, so that the voice coil 220 vibrates with the audio current in the first magnetic field of the magnetic circuit structure 210, and the voice coil 220 is connected to the annular diaphragm 230,
  • the voice coil 220 will drive the annular diaphragm 230 to vibrate, thereby generating a sound with the same waveform as the original audio current.
  • the elastic suspension 400 When specifically setting the elastic suspension, referring to FIG. 7 , the elastic suspension 400 includes an inner ring portion 410 , a middle ring portion 420 and an outer ring portion 430 , and a first ring portion connected between the inner ring portion 410 and the middle ring portion 420 , which are coaxially arranged.
  • the cantilever 440, and the second cantilever 450 connected between the middle ring portion 420 and the outer ring portion 430, the first cantilever 440 and the second cantilever 450 are suspended.
  • the annular structures of the inner ring portion 410 , the middle ring portion 420 and the outer ring portion 430 may be circular, oval, polygonal, rounded and rectangular, and so on.
  • these annular structures are all set in a circular shape, the diameter of the outer ring portion 430 is larger than the diameter of the middle ring portion 420 , and the diameter of the middle ring portion 420 is larger than the diameter of the inner ring portion 410 .
  • the diameter here refers to the average value of the inner diameter and outer diameter of the annular structure.
  • the diameter of the voice coil 220 is close to the diameter of the middle ring portion 420 , and the voice coil 220 is connected to the middle ring portion 420 .
  • the inner ring portion 410 is disposed close to the second sounding unit 300 , and the outer ring portion 430 is connected to the basin frame 100 .
  • the middle ring portion 420 and the connection between the annular diaphragm 230 and the middle ring portion 420 follow the vibration.
  • the traction is used to guide the vibration of the voice coil 220 and the annular diaphragm 230 within a predetermined range, effectively reducing the swing polarization or even the breaking of the voice coil 220 , and improving the reliability of the first sounding unit 200 .
  • the elastic suspension 400 can be integrally formed, which is convenient for mass production.
  • the elastic suspension 400 may be divided into multiple parts that are welded together.
  • the inner ring portion 410 , the middle ring portion 420 , the outer ring portion 430 , the first cantilever 440 and the second cantilever 450 are all independent components, and the components are connected to form the entire elastic suspension 400 .
  • This method is suitable for making the elastic suspension 400 with a larger radial dimension.
  • the annular diaphragm 230 and the voice coil 220 may be connected on both sides of the middle ring portion 420, respectively, so that the voice coil 220 and the annular diaphragm 230 are connected, for example, the voice coil 220 is welded on one side of the middle ring portion 420, The annular diaphragm 230 is bonded to the other side of the middle ring portion 420 to form a dual compliance system that effectively controls the swing.
  • the elastic suspension 400 is configured as a flexible circuit board for providing audio current for the voice coil 220 and the second sounding unit 300 .
  • the outer ring portion 430 has an input terminal 431
  • the voice coil 220 is electrically connected to the middle ring portion 420
  • the second sounding unit 300 is electrically connected to the inner ring portion 410 .
  • the flexible circuit board is provided with energizing wires (not shown in the figure) and multiple sets of positive and negative terminals 411 and 421 .
  • the voice coil 220 and the second sounding unit 300 are respectively arranged on the middle ring portion 420 and the inner ring portion 410, and the corresponding positive and negative terminals are welded.
  • the ends of the voice coil 220 are connected to the positive and negative terminals of the middle ring portion 420. 421 connection, the second sounding unit 300 is connected to the positive and negative terminals 411 of the inner ring part 410, the input terminal 431 of the outer ring part 430 is connected to the external circuit, and the line is connected to realize signal transmission, without the need for the voice coil 220 and the first
  • the second pronunciation unit 300 is manually leaded, which reduces the difficulty of the process, improves the assembly efficiency and reliability, and facilitates the realization of the automatic process.
  • the second sounding unit 300 may be configured with an auxiliary flexible circuit board 301, and the auxiliary flexible circuit board 301 and the inner ring portion 410 of the elastic suspension 400 are welded, which facilitates the manufacture of the elastic suspension
  • the flexible circuit board 301 can be bent, which facilitates the assembly of the second sounding unit 300 and the elastic suspension 400, and adjusts the second sounding unit 300 to a predetermined position so that the bass vibration sound source surface 200a and the treble vibration sound source surface 300a are coplanar as much as possible.
  • the second sounding unit 300 may also be directly integrated on the inner ring portion 410 of the elastic suspension 400 .
  • the outer ring portion 430 of the elastic suspension 400 may be provided with two sets of input terminals 431, which are respectively used as the signal input terminals of the second sounding unit 300 and the voice coil 220 to realize separate transmission of different audio signals. It can be understood that the outer ring portion 430 may be provided with one or more groups of input terminals 431 to realize signal transmission.
  • the flexible circuit board can be electrically connected with a System In a Package (SIP) chip to realize the driving of the first sounding unit 200 and the second sounding unit 300 .
  • SIP System In a Package
  • a wiring board 460 can be provided on the side of the basin frame 100 facing away from the annular diaphragm 230 or on the outer wall of the magnetic conductive base. The wiring board 460 is electrically connected to the flexible circuit board. circuit connection.
  • the cantilever of the elastic suspension is set relatively long in a limited space.
  • the first cantilever 440 and the second cantilever 450 are both meanderingly arranged.
  • the first cantilever 440 includes a first radially extending arm 441, a circumferentially extending arm 442 and a second radially extending arm 443, and the first radially extending arm 441 and the second radially extending arm 441 are connected in sequence.
  • the extending arms 443 are in different radial directions, so that the first cantilever 440 can be set to be relatively long and meet the requirement of tight space.
  • the second cantilever 450 is similar and will not be described again.
  • the cantilever in order to make the vibration symmetrical on both sides of the voice coil in the radial direction, effectively reduce and suppress the swing, and improve the sound quality effect, the cantilever can be arranged symmetrically in the center.
  • first cantilevers 440 there are multiple first cantilevers 440 , and the plurality of first cantilevers 440 are symmetrically arranged around the axis of the middle ring portion 420 .
  • second cantilevers 450 there are multiple second cantilevers 450 , and the plurality of second cantilevers 450 are symmetrically arranged around the axis of the middle ring portion 420 . That is to say, the bending manner of each first cantilever 440 is the same, and the bending manner of each second cantilever 450 is the same.
  • the three first cantilevers 440 are arranged centrally symmetrically between the inner ring portion 410 and the middle ring portion 420, and the four second cantilevers 450 are arranged centrally symmetrically between the middle ring portion 420 and the outer ring portion 430.
  • the specific number of cantilevers is Not limited.
  • the elastic suspension, voice coil, annular diaphragm and magnetic circuit structure all adopt a center-symmetric structure, so that the three factors of mass, compliance and magnetic field strength are completely center-symmetric, which is beneficial to improve the output of the first sounding unit sound quality.
  • compliance refers to the softness of the axial movement of the vibrating element.
  • the diameter difference between the outer ring part 430 and the middle ring part 420 and the diameter difference between the middle ring part 420 and the inner ring part 410 ranges from 0.6 to 1.4.
  • the diameter here refers to the average value of the inner diameter and outer diameter of the annular structure.
  • the voice coil 220 is approximately disposed at the middle position between the inner edge and the outer edge of the annular diaphragm 230 , so as to increase the sound output area of the first sounding unit 200 and improve the sound outputting effect of the first sounding unit 200 .
  • the first magnetic circuit structure is an internal magnetic structure, that is, a magnet is arranged inside the voice coil.
  • the magnetic circuit structure 210 includes a magnetic conductive base 212 , a magnet 213 and a magnetic conductive plate 214 .
  • the magnetic conductive base 212 includes a plate-shaped portion 2121 and a cylindrical portion 2122 connected to the outer edge of the plate-shaped portion 2121 .
  • the magnet 213 is mounted on the plate-shaped portion 2121 , the magnetic conductive plate 214 is mounted on the magnet 213 , the outer peripheral surface of the magnet 213 and the outer peripheral surface of the magnetic conductive plate 214 are spaced apart from the inner wall of the cylindrical portion 2122 and form an annular air gap 211 , one end of the annular air gap 211 close to the magnetic conducting plate 214 forms an opening for the voice coil 220 to extend into.
  • the cylindrical portion 2122 is attached to the basin frame 100 .
  • the magnet 213 is axially magnetized, and the magnetic circuit structure 210 can generate magnetic lines of force passing through the annular air gap 211 , which is called the first magnetic field.
  • the magnetic lines of force can be emitted from the bottom end of the magnet 213 , pass through the plate-shaped portion 2121 of the magnetic conductive base 212 , along the cylindrical portion 2122 to reach the top of the cylindrical portion 2122 , pass through the annular air gap 211 , and return to the magnet 213 . top.
  • the voice coil 220 is at least partially protruded through the opening of the annular air gap 211, and a second magnetic field is generated when the audio current passes through the voice coil 220.
  • the second magnetic field of the voice coil 220 interacts with the first magnetic field of the magnetic circuit structure 210 to make the audio
  • the ring 220 vibrates to drive the annular diaphragm 230 to vibrate.
  • the second type of magnetic circuit structure is an external magnetic structure, that is, a magnet is arranged outside the voice coil.
  • the magnetic circuit structure includes a magnetic conductive seat, a ring magnet and a magnetic conductive ring.
  • the magnetic conductive base includes a plate-shaped part and a column-shaped part connected to the middle part of the plate-shaped part.
  • the ring-shaped magnet is mounted on the plate-shaped part, and the magnetic conducting ring is mounted on the ring-shaped magnet.
  • One end of the annular air gap close to the magnetic conducting ring forms an opening for the voice coil to extend into.
  • the magnetic guide seat is installed on the basin frame.
  • the ring magnet is axially magnetized, and the magnetic circuit structure can generate magnetic lines of force passing through the annular air gap, which is called the first magnetic field.
  • the magnetic lines of force may be emitted from the bottom end of the magnet, pass through the plate-like portion of the magnetic conductive base, and reach the top of the column-like portion, pass through the annular air gap, and then return to the top of the magnet.
  • the voice coil is at least partially protruded through the opening of the annular air gap.
  • the second magnetic field of the voice coil interacts with the first magnetic field of the magnetic circuit structure to make the voice coil vibrate to drive the ring.
  • the diaphragm vibrates.
  • the third type of magnetic circuit structure is an internal and external magnetic structure, that is, magnets are respectively provided on the inner and outer sides of the voice coil.
  • the magnetic circuit structure includes a magnetic conductive seat, an inner ring magnet, an outer ring magnet, an inner ring magnetic conductive plate and an outer magnetic conductive plate.
  • the inner ring magnet and the outer ring magnet are coaxially installed on the magnetic guide base, the inner ring magnetic guide plate and the outer ring magnetic guide plate are installed on the inner ring magnet and the outer ring magnet in a one-to-one correspondence, and the inner ring magnetic guide plate is connected to the outer ring magnet.
  • the magnetic conductive plates of the inner ring are spaced apart, and an annular air gap is formed between the assembly composed of the inner ring magnet and the magnetic conductive plate of the inner ring and the assembly composed of the inner magnet and the magnetic conductive plate of the inner ring, and the annular air gap is close to the magnetic conductive plate of the inner ring.
  • One end forms an opening for the voice coil to penetrate.
  • the magnetic guide seat is installed on the basin frame.
  • the inner ring magnet and the outer ring magnet are axially magnetized, and the magnetic circuit structure can generate magnetic lines of force passing through the annular air gap, which is called the first magnetic field.
  • the magnetic lines of force can be emitted from the bottom of the inner ring magnet, pass through the magnetic conductive seat, the outer ring magnet and the outer ring magnetic conductive plate in sequence, pass through the annular air gap, enter the inner ring magnet and return to the top of the inner ring magnet.
  • the voice coil is at least partially protruded through the opening of the annular air gap.
  • a second magnetic field is generated.
  • the second magnetic field of the voice coil interacts with the first magnetic field of the magnetic circuit structure to make the voice coil vibrate to drive the ring.
  • the diaphragm vibrates.
  • a bracket 500 is provided in the middle of the side of the magnetic circuit structure 210 facing the annular diaphragm 230, and the second sounding sound The unit 300 is mounted on the bracket 500 .
  • the position of the second sounding unit 300 is raised relative to the magnetic circuit structure 210 by a certain distance, so that the connection between the annular diaphragm 230 and the voice coil 220 is kept coplanar with the second sounding unit 300 .
  • the outer diameter of the bracket 500 is smaller than the outer diameter of the basin frame 100 , and the support function of the bracket 500 for the second sounding unit 300 may be satisfied.
  • the upper side of the magnetic circuit structure 210 is the magnetic conductive plate 214, and the upper surface of the magnetic conductive plate 214 is provided with an assembly groove 2141 to facilitate the positioning and assembly of the bracket 500 to improve assembly efficiency.
  • an assembling groove can also be provided to perform positioning and assembling of the bracket.
  • the inner ring part 410 of the elastic suspension 400 can be connected to the bracket 500, and the outer ring part 430 can be connected to the basin frame 100, which facilitates the assembly of the elastic suspension 400 and can
  • the elastic suspension 400 is made relatively large.
  • the first cantilever 440 and the second cantilever 450 can be made relatively long to meet the elastic support requirements of the elastic suspension 400 for the voice coil 220 and the annular diaphragm 230 .
  • the middle of the magnetic circuit structure 210 has an axial through hole 215
  • the bracket 500 has an axial through hole 215 for installing the second sounding unit
  • the installation groove 501 of 300 is in communication with the axial through hole 215 .
  • the second sounding unit 300 can be stably assembled in the installation groove 501 , and the inner side of the second sounding unit 300 communicates with the outside through the axial through hole 215 of the magnetic circuit structure 210 , thereby reducing the negative pressure inside the second sounding unit 300 , so that the air pressure on both sides of the second sounding unit 300 is close, which is beneficial to improve the output sound effect of the second sounding unit 300 .
  • the second sounding unit 300 can be assembled on the bracket 500 by gluing, snap-fitting, tight fitting or other means.
  • the middle of the plate-shaped portion 2121 of the magnetic conductive base 212 , the middle of the magnet 213 and the middle of the magnetic conductive plate 214 are respectively provided with via holes, so that the shaft of the magnetic circuit structure 210 can be formed. to the via 215.
  • axial through holes can also be formed by opening through holes in the corresponding structures, and then the mounting grooves of the bracket can be matched to realize the communication between the inner side of the second sounding unit and the outside world.
  • the bracket 500 is substantially cylindrical, and the side wall of the bracket 500 may be provided with a plurality of ventilation holes 502 along the circumferential direction, which facilitates the flow of gas between the annular air gap 211 and the axial through hole 215 .
  • the frame 500 has a first positioning groove 503
  • the basin frame 100 has a second positioning groove 101
  • the first positioning groove 503 is provided with a first support ring 601
  • the second positioning groove 101 is provided with a second support ring 602
  • the inner edge of the annular diaphragm 230 is connected to the first support ring 601
  • the outer edge of the annular diaphragm 230 is connected to the second support ring 602 .
  • the first support ring 601 and the second support ring 602 are respectively disposed in the first positioning groove 503 and the second positioning groove 101 , so that the axial space can be effectively used, the structure is compact, and the inner edge of the ring diaphragm 230 can be The edge position is higher than the connection between the voice coil 220 and the annular diaphragm 230 , which is beneficial to form a larger space for the annular diaphragm 230 to vibrate, so as to improve the output sound effect of the first sounding unit 200 .
  • the shapes of the first support ring 601 and the second support ring 602 are set according to the shape of the annular diaphragm 230 .
  • the annular diaphragm 230 includes a first annular portion 231 and a second annular portion 232 that are coaxially arranged.
  • the outer edge of the first annular portion 231 is connected to the inner edge of the second annular portion 232 .
  • the first annular portion The radial cross-section of 231 and the radial cross-section of the second annular portion 232 are arched.
  • the voice coil 220 is connected to the connection between the first annular portion 231 and the second annular portion 232 .
  • the inner concave surface of the first annular portion 231 and the inner concave surface of the second annular portion 232 are both disposed toward the magnetic circuit structure 210 , which is beneficial to improve the rigidity of the annular diaphragm 230 and the reliability of the up-and-down vibration of the annular diaphragm 230 .
  • the radial cross section of the first annular portion 231 or the second annular portion 232 can also be set to be arcuate, which can also improve the rigidity of the annular diaphragm 230 .
  • the ring shape of the ring-shaped diaphragm 230 may be a circle, an ellipse, a polygon, a rounded rectangle, etc., and the first ring portion 231 and the second ring portion 232 are set in corresponding shapes, which are not limited here.
  • the second sounding unit 300 is a MEMS speaker, a piezoelectric ceramic sounding sheet, an electrostatic speaker or a flat-panel speaker. These second sounding units 300 are compact in structure and occupy less space, and are easy to be assembled into the middle of one side of the magnetic circuit structure 210 of the first sounding unit 200, so as to realize the integration of the second sounding unit 300 and the first sounding unit 200, improve the sound effect, and reduce the The space occupied by the speakers.
  • the ratio between the outer diameter of the basin frame 100 and the distance from the bottom surface of the magnetic circuit structure 210 to the bass vibration sound source surface 200 a ranges from 1 to 9.
  • the outer diameter of the basin frame 100 refers to the maximum diameter of the basin frame 100 , that is, the diameter of the outer edge of the basin frame 100 .
  • the bottom surface of the magnetic circuit structure 210 refers to the side of the magnetic circuit structure 210 facing away from the annular diaphragm 230.
  • the second sounding unit 300 and the first sounding unit 200 are arranged coaxially, and the high-pitched vibration sound source surface 300a and the bass vibration sound source surface 200a are arranged coplanarly, so as to make full use of the axial space, meet the requirements of high and low frequency, and improve high frequency response.
  • the basin frame 100 has a through hole 102 , and the magnetic circuit structure 210 is at least partially assembled in the through hole 102 ; the inner wall of the through hole 102 is provided with a blocking arm 103 , referring to FIG. 4 ,
  • the magnetic circuit structure 210 has a limiting groove 216 , and the blocking arm 103 is snap-fitted with the limiting groove 216 to limit the position of the magnetic circuit structure 210 relative to the basin frame 100 .
  • the magnetic circuit structure 210 is blocked, and the axial and circumferential positioning of the magnetic circuit structure 210 is realized.
  • the connection between the magnetic circuit structure 210 and the basin frame 100 may be realized by bonding, snap-fitting, tight fitting or other manners.
  • a limiting groove 216 is provided on the edge of one end of the cylindrical portion 2122 of the magnetic permeable seat 212 away from the plate portion 2121 , and the through hole 102 of the basin frame 100 is close to the annular diaphragm 230 An edge of one end is provided with a blocking arm 103 .
  • the basin frame 100 has a first vent hole 104 communicating with the annular air gap 211 , and a first multiple vent hole 104 for covering the first vent hole 104 .
  • the hole damping layer 105 ; the magnetic circuit structure 210 has a second ventilation hole 2123 communicating with the annular air gap 211 , and a second porous damping layer 2124 for covering the second ventilation hole 2123 .
  • the first ventilation holes 104 and the second ventilation holes 2123 may be provided in multiples, and may be provided to extend in an arc shape or in other shapes.
  • the first porous damping layer 105 and the second porous damping layer 2124 can be made of porous materials such as non-woven fabrics and micro-perforated materials. It can be understood that the basin frame 100 has the first ventilation hole 104 and covers the first porous damping layer 105, or the magnetic circuit structure 210 has the second ventilation hole 2123 and covers the second porous damping layer 2124. These two solutions are also possible. Controls bass resonance frequencies.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device, including the above-mentioned speaker.
  • the axial dimension of the loudspeaker in the electronic device of the embodiment of the present application is small, which improves the space utilization rate. It can reduce the phase difference between the sounds of different frequencies output by the first sounding unit 200 and the second sounding unit 300 respectively, and the sense of the spatial position of the musical instrument is more accurate.
  • the elastic suspension 400 is used to elastically support the voice coil 220 and the annular diaphragm 230 on the basin frame 100 , which facilitates the vibration of the voice coil 220 and the annular diaphragm 230 within a predetermined range, reduces swing polarization, and improves reliability.
  • the electronic device may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a smart phone, smart glasses, an AR/VR device, a hearing aid, an earphone, a speaker speaker, and the like.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)

Abstract

本申请涉及一种扬声器及电子设备。扬声器以动圈喇叭为第一发音单元(200)，第二发音单元(300)设于第一发音单元(200)磁路结构(210)一侧中部，第一发音单元(200)与第二发音单元(300)分别输出不同频率的声音。该扬声器能同时满足高、低音的需求，提升高频延展及低频下潜性能。本申请实施例扬声器轴向尺寸较小，整体厚度与单动圈单元厚度相接近。第二发音单元(300)与第一发音单元(200)同轴设置，第二发音单元(300)的高音振动音源面(300a)与第一发音单元(200)的低音振动音源面(200a)共面设置，能降低不同频率声音存在相位差的情况，乐器空间位置感更精准。采用弹性悬架(400)将音圈(220)与环状振膜(230)弹性支承在盆架(100)，利于音圈(220)与环状振膜(230)在预定范围内振动，降低摇摆偏振的情况，提高可靠性。

Description

一种扬声器及电子设备
本申请要求于2020年12月07日提交国家知识产权局、申请号为202011420149.7、申请名称为“一种扬声器及电子设备”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及扬声器结构领域，尤其涉及一种扬声器及电子设备。
背景技术
音效为扬声器(比如耳机、喇叭音箱)的基础性需求，用户对扬声器的音效要求日益提高，要求扬声器具有更宽的高频延展及更好的低频下潜。传统的扬声器采用单一喇叭单元，难以同时满足高、低音最优化设计，有低音效果就会没有高音部分，而有高音效果就会没有低音部分，输出音质欠佳。基于此，业界出现了高音单元与低音单元组合的扬声器方案。图1、图2、图3分别是三种采用双单元组合的扬声器，这三种扬声器均以动圈喇叭作为低音单元10，并且分别以动圈喇叭、压电陶瓷发声片、动铁喇叭作为高音单元20，每种扬声器中的两个单元轴向堆叠，占用较多轴向空间，整体结构厚度约为单动圈单元厚度的1.5至2.5倍。现有采用高音单元与低音单元组合的扬声器，轴向尺寸较大，难以满足扬声器内部空间紧张的要求，高音单元与低音单元分别发出不同频率声音存在相位差而产生声音分离的情况。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种扬声器及电子设备，解决了现有采用高音单元与低音单元组合的扬声器轴向尺寸较大、高音单元与低音单元分别发出不同频率声音存在相位差而产生声音分离的问题。
为达到上述目的，本申请实施例采用如下技术方案：
第一方面，本申请实施例提供一种扬声器，该扬声器包括盆架、第一发音单元、第二发音单元与弹性悬架。第一发音单元包括磁路结构、音圈与环状振膜。磁路结构安装于盆架，磁路结构具有环状气隙。环状振膜与磁路结构相间隔，音圈连接于环状振膜，音圈的至少一部分容置于环状气隙内，音圈与环状振膜之间的连接处形成低音振动音源面。当处于磁路结构提供的第一磁场中音圈有音频电流通过时，音圈用于产生随音频电流变化的第二磁场。第二发音单元与第一发音单元同轴设置，第二发音单元安装于磁路结构的面向环状振膜的一侧中部，第二发音单元的发音频率大于第一发音单元的发音频率，第二发音单元具有高音振动音源面，高音振动音源面与低音振动音源面共面设置。弹性悬架用于将音圈与环状振膜弹性支承在盆架。
本申请实施例提供的扬声器，以动圈喇叭为第一发音单元，第二发音单元设于第一发音单元的磁路结构一侧中部。由于第一发音单元与第二发音单元可以分别输出不同频率的声音，因此该扬声器能同时满足高、低音的需求，提升高频延展及低频下潜性能。相比于采用高音单元与低音单元轴向堆叠的传统扬声器，本申请实施例扬声器 中的第二发音单元位于磁路结构一侧中部，使扬声器轴向尺寸较小，整体厚度与单动圈单元厚度相接近，提高空间利用率。第二发音单元与第一发音单元同轴设置，第二发音单元的高音振动音源面与第一发音单元的低音振动音源面共面设置，能降低不同单元分别输出不同频率声音存在相位差而产生声音分离的情况，乐器空间位置感更精准。采用弹性悬架将音圈与环状振膜弹性支承在盆架，利于音圈与环状振膜在预定范围内振动，降低摇摆偏振的情况，提高可靠性。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，弹性悬架包括同轴设置的内环部、中环部与外环部、连接在内环部与中环部之间的第一悬臂，以及连接在中环部与外环部之间的第二悬臂，内环部靠近第二发音单元设置，音圈连接于中环部，外环部连接于盆架上。当音圈在环状气隙里上下振动时，中环部以及环状振膜与中环部的连接处跟随振动，第一悬臂与第二悬臂在中环部内外两侧进行牵引，起到导引音圈与环状振膜在预定范围内振动的作用，有效降低摇摆偏振甚至音圈折断的情况，提高第一发音单元可靠性。
结合第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，弹性悬架设置为柔性电路板，用于为音圈与第二发音单元提供音频电流。外环部具有输入端子，音圈与中环部电性连接，第二发音单元与内环部电性连接。在装配时，将音圈与第二发音单元分别设置在中环部与内环部，音圈的端部与中环部的正负极端子连接，第二发音单元与内环部的正负极端子连接，外环部的输入端子与外部电路连接，完成线路接通以实现信号传输，无需给音圈与第二发音单元手动引线，降低工艺难度，提高装配效率与可靠性，便于实现自动化工艺。
结合第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式或第二种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第三种可能的实现方式中，第一悬臂与第二悬臂均蜿蜒设置。提高悬臂抗疲劳能力，在有限空间内将弹性悬架的悬臂设置得比较长，满足空间紧张的要求。
结合第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式至第三种可能的实现方式中任一项，在第一方面的第四种可能的实现方式中，第一悬臂的数量为多个，多个第一悬臂以中环部的轴线为中心对称设置。第二悬臂的数量为多个，多个第二悬臂以中环部的轴线为中心对称设置。各个第一悬臂的弯曲方式是相同的，各个第二悬臂的弯曲方式是相同的。采用中心对称布置悬臂的方式，能使音圈径向两侧振动对称，有效降低抑制摇摆，提高音质效果。
结合第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式至第四种可能的实现方式中任一项，在第一方面的第五种可能的实现方式中，外环部与中环部的直径差和中环部与内环部的直径差之间的比值范围是0.6至1.4。这样音圈大致设置在环状振膜内缘与外缘之间的中间位置处，增大第一发音单元的出声面积，以提高第一发音单元的出声效果。
结合第一方面至第一方面的第五种可能的实现方式中任一项，在第一方面的第六种可能的实现方式中，磁路结构包括导磁座、磁铁与导磁板。导磁座包括板状部及连接于板状部外缘的筒状部。磁铁安装于板状部上，导磁板安装于磁铁上，磁铁的外周面与导磁板的外周面均与筒状部的内壁相间隔并形成环状气隙，环状气隙靠近导磁板的一端形成供音圈伸入的开口。筒状部安装于盆架。磁路结构能产生经过环状气隙的磁力线，称为第一磁场。音圈至少部分由环状气隙的开口伸入，在音频电流通过音圈 时产生第二磁场，音圈的第二磁场与磁路结构的第一磁场相互作用，使音圈振动以带动环状振膜振动。
结合第一方面至第一方面的第五种可能的实现方式中任一项，在第一方面的第七种可能的实现方式中，磁路结构包括导磁座、环状磁铁与导磁环。导磁座包括板状部及连接于板状部中部的柱状部。环状磁铁安装于板状部上，导磁环安装于环状磁铁上，环状磁铁的内周面与导磁环的内周面均与柱状部的外周面相间隔并形成环状气隙，环状气隙靠近导磁环的一端形成供音圈伸入的开口。导磁座安装于盆架。磁路结构能产生经过环状气隙的磁力线，称为第一磁场。音圈至少部分由环状气隙的开口伸入，在音频电流通过音圈时产生第二磁场，音圈的第二磁场与磁路结构的第一磁场相互作用，使音圈振动以带动环状振膜振动。
结合第一方面至第一方面的第五种可能的实现方式中任一项，在第一方面的第八种可能的实现方式中，磁路结构包括导磁座、内圈磁铁、外圈磁铁、内圈导磁板与外圈导磁板。内圈磁铁与外圈磁铁同轴间隔安装于导磁座上，内圈导磁板与外圈导磁板一一对应地安装于内圈磁铁与外圈磁铁上，内圈导磁板与外圈导磁板相间隔，内圈磁铁与内圈导磁板构成的组件跟内圈磁铁与内圈导磁板构成的组件之间形成环状气隙，环状气隙靠近内圈导磁板的一端形成供音圈伸入的开口。导磁座安装于盆架。该磁路结构能产生经过环状气隙的磁力线，称为第一磁场。音圈至少部分由环状气隙的开口伸入，在音频电流通过音圈时产生第二磁场，音圈的第二磁场与磁路结构的第一磁场相互作用，使音圈振动以带动环状振膜振动。
结合第一方面至第一方面的第八种可能的实现方式中任一项，在第一方面的第九种可能的实现方式中，磁路结构的面向环状振膜的一侧中部设有支架，第二发音单元安装于支架上。这样就将第二发音单元的位置相对磁路结构抬高一定距离，使得环状振膜与音圈之间的连接处与第二发音单元保持共面。
结合第一方面的第九种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第十种可能的实现方式中，磁路结构的中部具有轴向通孔，支架具有用于安装第二发音单元的安装槽，安装槽与轴向通孔相连通。第二发音单元的内侧通过磁路结构的轴向通孔与外界连通，降低第二发音单元内侧存在负压的情况，使第二发音单元两侧气压接近，利于提高第二发音单元的输出音效。
结合第一方面的第十种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第十一种可能的实现方式中，支架的侧壁具有通气孔，环状气隙与轴向通孔之间通过通气孔连通。这样环状振膜的内侧通过支架的通气孔、磁路结构的轴向通孔与外界连通，降低环状振膜内侧存在负压的情况，使环状振膜两侧气压接近，利于提高第一发音单元的输出音效。
结合第一方面的第九种可能的实现方式至第十一种可能的实现方式中任一项，在第一方面的第十二种可能的实现方式中，支架具有第一定位槽，盆架具有第二定位槽；第一定位槽处设有第一支撑环，第二定位槽处设有第二支撑环；环状振膜的内缘连接于第一支撑环上，环状振膜的外缘连接于第二支撑环上。这样便于使音圈与环状振膜之间连接处的低音振动音源面能与第二发音单元的高音振动音源面尽量共面。这样能有效利用轴向空间，使结构紧凑，并使环状振膜的内缘与外缘位置高于音圈与环状振膜之间连接处，利于形成更大的供环状振膜振动的空间，以提升第一发音单元的输出 音效。
结合第一方面至第一方面的第十二种可能的实现方式中任一项，在第一方面的第十三种可能的实现方式中，环状振膜包括同轴设置的第一环形部与第二环形部，第一环形部的外缘与第二环形部的内缘相连接，第一环形部的径向截面与第二环形部的径向截面呈拱形。音圈连接于第一环形部与第二环形部之间的连接处。第一环形部的内凹面与第二环形部的内凹面均朝向磁路结构设置，这样利于提高环状振膜的刚度，利于环状振膜上下振动的可靠性。可以理解的，还可以将第一环形部或第二环形部的径向截面单独设置为拱形，这样也能提高环状振膜的刚度。
结合第一方面至第一方面的第十三种可能的实现方式中任一项，在第一方面的第十四种可能的实现方式中，第二发音单元为微机电喇叭、压电陶瓷发声片、静电喇叭或平板喇叭。这些第二发音单元结构紧凑，占用空间较小，便于装配到第一发音单元的磁路结构一侧中部，实现第二发音单元与第一发音单元集成，提升音效，并降低扬声器对空间的占用。
结合第一方面至第一方面的第十四种可能的实现方式中任一项，在第一方面的第十五种可能的实现方式中，盆架的外径与磁路结构的底面至低音振动音源面的间距之间的比值范围是1至9。该扬声器将第二发音单元与第一发音单元同轴设置，高音振动音源面与低音振动音源面共面设置，充分利用轴向空间，同时满足高、低音的需求，提升高频响应。
结合第一方面至第一方面的第十五种可能的实现方式中任一项，在第一方面的第十六种可能的实现方式中，盆架具有贯通孔，磁路结构至少部分装配于贯通孔内；贯通孔的内壁设有挡臂，磁路结构具有限位槽，挡臂与限位槽卡接配合，以限定磁路结构相对盆架的位置。在组装好磁路结构后，将磁路结构由盆架的底端插入贯通孔，在盆架的挡臂装入磁路结构的限位槽时，挡臂阻挡了磁路结构，实现磁路结构的轴向与周向定位。
结合第一方面至第一方面的第十六种可能的实现方式中任一项，在第一方面的第十七种可能的实现方式中，盆架具有与环状气隙连通的第一透气孔，以及用于覆盖第一透气孔的第一多孔阻尼层；磁路结构具有与环状气隙连通的第二透气孔，以及用于覆盖第二透气孔的第二多孔阻尼层。这些方案可调节透气孔的气流量，以控制低音共振频率。可以理解的，盆架具有第一透气孔并覆盖第一多孔阻尼层，或者磁路结构具有第二透气孔并覆盖第二多孔阻尼层，这两种方案也能控制低音共振频率。
第二方面，本申请实施例提供一种电子设备，包括上述的扬声器。
本申请实施例电子设备中的扬声器轴向尺寸较小，提高空间利用率。能降低第一发音单元与第二发音单元分别输出不同频率声音存在相位差的情况，乐器空间位置感更精准。采用弹性悬架将音圈与环状振膜弹性支承在盆架，利于音圈与环状振膜在预定范围内振动，降低摇摆偏振的情况，提高可靠性。
附图说明
图1、图2、图3分别为现有技术提供三种扬声器的结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的扬声器的立体分解图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的扬声器的立体剖视图；
图6为本申请实施例提供的扬声器的剖视图；
图7为本申请实施例提供的扬声器在拆卸环状振膜后的结构示意图；
图8中的(a)、(b)、(c)分别为本申请实施例提供的扬声器的主视图、俯视图与仰视图。
具体实施方式
参阅图4至图6，本申请实施例提供一种扬声器，该扬声器包括盆架100、第一发音单元200、第二发音单元300与弹性悬架400。第一发音单元200包括磁路结构210、音圈220与环状振膜230。磁路结构210安装于盆架100，磁路结构210具有环状气隙211。环状振膜230与磁路结构210相间隔，音圈220连接于环状振膜230，音圈220的至少一部分容置于环状气隙211内，音圈220与环状振膜230之间的连接处形成低音振动音源面200a。当处于磁路结构210提供的第一磁场中音圈220有音频电流通过时，音圈220用于产生随音频电流变化的第二磁场。第二发音单元300与第一发音单元200同轴设置，第二发音单元300安装于磁路结构210的面向环状振膜230的一侧中部，第二发音单元300的发音频率大于第一发音单元200的发音频率，第二发音单元300具有高音振动音源面300a，高音振动音源面300a与低音振动音源面200a共面设置。弹性悬架400用于将音圈220与环状振膜230弹性支承在盆架100。
本申请实施例提供的扬声器，以动圈喇叭为第一发音单元200，第二发音单元300设于第一发音单元200的磁路结构210一侧中部。由于第一发音单元200与第二发音单元300可以分别输出不同频率的声音，因此该扬声器能同时满足高、低音的需求，提升高频延展及低频下潜性能。相比于采用高音单元与低音单元轴向堆叠的传统扬声器，本申请实施例扬声器中的第二发音单元300位于磁路结构210一侧中部，使扬声器轴向尺寸较小，整体厚度与单动圈单元厚度相接近，提高空间利用率。第二发音单元300与第一发音单元200同轴设置，第二发音单元300的高音振动音源面300a与第一发音单元200的低音振动音源面200a共面设置，能降低不同单元分别输出不同频率声音存在相位差而产生声音分离的情况，乐器空间位置感更精准。采用弹性悬架400将音圈220与环状振膜230弹性支承在盆架100，利于音圈220与环状振膜230在预定范围内振动，降低摇摆偏振的情况，提高可靠性。
其中，第二发音单元300与第一发音单元200同轴设置，允许两个单元轴线有一定偏差。高音振动音源面300a与低音振动音源面200a共面设置，允许两个振动音源面有一定的偏差。高音振动音源面300a与低音振动音源面200a越接近共面，第一发音单元200与第二发音单元300分别输出不同频率声音的相位差越小，降低抑制不同频率声音分离的情况。
第一发音单元200与第二发音单元300可以分别输出不同频率的声音。比如，第一发音单元200中的音圈220可以以第一频率振动，第一发音单元200产生低频声音。第二发音单元300可以以第二频率振动，产生中频和高频声音。例如，第一频率为50赫兹(Hz)至5000Hz。例如，第二频率为300Hz至20000Hz。具体发音频率不作限定。
在第一发音单元200中，磁路结构210用于提供第一磁场。当处于磁路结构210提供的第一磁场中的音圈220有音频电流通过时，音圈220就产生随音频电流变化的 第二磁场。该第二磁场和磁路结构210提供的第一磁场相互作用，使音圈220在磁路结构210的第一磁场中随着音频电流振动，而音圈220连接在环状振膜230上，音圈220将会带动环状振膜230振动，进而产生与原音频电流波形相同的声音。
在具体设置弹性悬架时，参阅图7，弹性悬架400包括同轴设置的内环部410、中环部420与外环部430、连接在内环部410与中环部420之间的第一悬臂440，以及连接在中环部420与外环部430之间的第二悬臂450，第一悬臂440与第二悬臂450悬空设置。其中，内环部410、中环部420与外环部430这些环形结构可以是圆形、椭圆形、多角形、圆角矩形等等。示例性的，这些环形结构均设置为圆形，外环部430的直径大于中环部420的直径，中环部420的直径大于内环部410的直径。这里的直径是指环形结构的内径与外径的均值。结合图5，音圈220的直径与中环部420的直径接近，音圈220连接于中环部420。内环部410靠近第二发音单元300设置，外环部430连接于盆架100上。当音圈220在环状气隙211里上下振动时，中环部420以及环状振膜230与中环部420的连接处跟随振动，第一悬臂440与第二悬臂450在中环部420内外两侧进行牵引，起到导引音圈220与环状振膜230在预定范围内振动的作用，有效降低摇摆偏振甚至音圈220折断的情况，提高第一发音单元200可靠性。
示例性的，弹性悬架400可采用一体成型的方式，这样便于批量生产。或者，弹性悬架400可分为多个部件，这些部件采用焊接方式连接在一起。比如，内环部410、中环部420、外环部430、第一悬臂440与第二悬臂450均为独立部件，各个部件相连接以形成弹性悬架400整体。这种方式适用于制作径向尺寸较大的弹性悬架400。
示例性的，环状振膜230与音圈220可分别连接在中环部420的两侧，以使音圈220与环状振膜230相连接，比如音圈220焊接在中环部420一侧，环状振膜230粘接在中环部420另一侧，形成有效控制摇摆的双顺性系统，通过弹性悬架400将音圈220和环状振膜230弹性支承在盆架100上。
在一些实施例中，为了提高音圈与第二发音单元装配效率，参阅图5、图7，弹性悬架400设置为柔性电路板，用于为音圈220与第二发音单元300提供音频电流。外环部430具有输入端子431，音圈220与中环部420电性连接，第二发音单元300与内环部410电性连接。柔性电路板上设有通电导线(图中未显示)与多组正负极端子411、421。在装配时，将音圈220与第二发音单元300分别设置在中环部420与内环部410，并焊接相应的正负极端子，音圈220的端部与中环部420的正负极端子421连接，第二发音单元300与内环部410的正负极端子411连接，外环部430的输入端子431与外部电路连接，完成线路接通以实现信号传输，无需给音圈220与第二发音单元300手动引线，降低工艺难度，提高装配效率与可靠性，便于实现自动化工艺。
示例性的，参阅图4，第二发音单元300可配置辅助柔性电路板301，辅助柔性电路板301与弹性悬架400的内环部410之间焊接，这样便于弹性悬架400的制作，辅助柔性电路板301可弯折，这样便于第二发音单元300与弹性悬架400的装配，将第二发音单元300调整至预定位置以使低音振动音源面200a与高音振动音源面300a尽量共面。此外，第二发音单元300还可以直接集成在弹性悬架400的内环部410上。
示例性的，参阅图7，弹性悬架400的外环部430可设置两组输入端子431，分别作为第二发音单元300与音圈220的信号输入端，实现不同音频信号的单独传输。可 以理解的，外环部430可设置一组或多组输入端子431，实现信号传输。
此外，柔性电路板可与系统级封装(System In a Package，SIP)芯片电性连接，实现第一发音单元200与第二发音单元300的驱动。参阅图8，盆架100背对环状振膜230的一侧或导磁座的外壁可设置接线板460，接线板460与柔性电路板电性连接，接线板具有接线端子，便于扬声器与外部电路连接。
在一些实施例中，为了提高悬臂抗疲劳能力，在有限空间内将弹性悬架的悬臂设置得比较长，参阅图7，第一悬臂440与第二悬臂450均蜿蜒设置。以第一悬臂440为例说明，第一悬臂440包括依次连接的第一径向延伸臂441、周向延伸臂442与第二径向延伸臂443，第一径向延伸臂441与第二径向延伸臂443分别在不同的径向上，这样就能将第一悬臂440设置得比较长，并满足空间紧张的要求。第二悬臂450是类似的，不再赘述。
在一些实施例中，为了使音圈径向两侧振动对称，有效降低抑制摇摆，提高音质效果，可采用中心对称布置悬臂的方式。参阅图7，第一悬臂440的数量为多个，多个第一悬臂440以中环部420的轴线为中心对称设置。第二悬臂450的数量为多个，多个第二悬臂450以中环部420的轴线为中心对称设置。也就是说，各个第一悬臂440的弯曲方式是相同的，各个第二悬臂450的弯曲方式是相同的。示例性的，三个第一悬臂440中心对称布置在内环部410与中环部420之间，四个第二悬臂450中心对称布置在中环部420与外环部430之间，悬臂的具体数量不限定。
作为一种示例，弹性悬架、音圈、环状振膜与磁路结构均采用中心对称的结构，使质量、顺性与磁场强度三个因素完全中心对称，利于提升第一发音单元的输出音质。其中，顺性是指振动件轴向运动的柔软度。
在一些实施例中，为了增大第一发音单元出声面积以获得较好的音质，参阅图7，外环部430与中环部420的直径差和中环部420与内环部410的直径差之间的比值范围是0.6至1.4。这里的直径是指环形结构的内径与外径的均值。这样音圈220大致设置在环状振膜230内缘与外缘之间的中间位置处，增大第一发音单元200的出声面积，以提高第一发音单元200的出声效果。
在设置第一发音单元的磁路结构时，有多种可选的实现方式。第一种磁路结构是内磁式结构，即在音圈内侧设置磁铁。参阅图4、图6，磁路结构210包括导磁座212、磁铁213与导磁板214。导磁座212包括板状部2121及连接于板状部2121外缘的筒状部2122。磁铁213安装于板状部2121上，导磁板214安装于磁铁213上，磁铁213的外周面与导磁板214的外周面均与筒状部2122的内壁相间隔并形成环状气隙211，环状气隙211靠近导磁板214的一端形成供音圈220伸入的开口。筒状部2122安装于盆架100。磁铁213为轴向充磁，磁路结构210能产生经过环状气隙211的磁力线，称为第一磁场。
示例性的，磁力线可以由磁铁213的底端发出，经由导磁座212的板状部2121沿着筒状部2122到达筒状部2122顶端，经过环状气隙211，再回到磁铁213的顶端。音圈220至少部分由环状气隙211的开口伸入，在音频电流通过音圈220时产生第二磁场，音圈220的第二磁场与磁路结构210的第一磁场相互作用，使音圈220振动以带动环状振膜230振动。
第二种磁路结构是外磁式结构，即在音圈外侧设置磁铁。磁路结构包括导磁座、环状磁铁与导磁环。导磁座包括板状部及连接于板状部中部的柱状部。环状磁铁安装于板状部上，导磁环安装于环状磁铁上，环状磁铁的内周面与导磁环的内周面均与柱状部的外周面相间隔并形成环状气隙，环状气隙靠近导磁环的一端形成供音圈伸入的开口。导磁座安装于盆架。环状磁铁为轴向充磁，磁路结构能产生经过环状气隙的磁力线，称为第一磁场。
示例性的，磁力线可以由磁铁的底端发出，经由导磁座的板状部沿着柱状部到达其顶端，经过环状气隙，再回到磁铁的顶端。音圈至少部分由环状气隙的开口伸入，在音频电流通过音圈时产生第二磁场，音圈的第二磁场与磁路结构的第一磁场相互作用，使音圈振动以带动环状振膜振动。
第三种磁路结构是内外磁式结构，即在音圈内外两侧分别设有磁铁。磁路结构包括导磁座、内圈磁铁、外圈磁铁、内圈导磁板与外圈导磁板。内圈磁铁与外圈磁铁同轴间隔安装于导磁座上，内圈导磁板与外圈导磁板一一对应地安装于内圈磁铁与外圈磁铁上，内圈导磁板与外圈导磁板相间隔，内圈磁铁与内圈导磁板构成的组件跟内圈磁铁与内圈导磁板构成的组件之间形成环状气隙，环状气隙靠近内圈导磁板的一端形成供音圈伸入的开口。导磁座安装于盆架。内圈磁铁、外圈磁铁为轴向充磁，该磁路结构能产生经过环状气隙的磁力线，称为第一磁场。
示例性的，磁力线可以由内圈磁铁的底端发出，依次经过导磁座、外圈磁铁与外圈导磁板，经过环状气隙，进入内圈磁铁再回到内圈磁铁的顶端。音圈至少部分由环状气隙的开口伸入，在音频电流通过音圈时产生第二磁场，音圈的第二磁场与磁路结构的第一磁场相互作用，使音圈振动以带动环状振膜振动。
在安装第二发音单元时，为了使高音振动音源面与低音振动音源面共面设置，参阅图4，磁路结构210的面向环状振膜230的一侧中部设有支架500，第二发音单元300安装于支架500上。这样就将第二发音单元300的位置相对磁路结构210抬高一定距离，使得环状振膜230与音圈220之间的连接处与第二发音单元300保持共面。支架500的外径比盆架100的外径小，满足支架500对第二发音单元300的支撑作用即可。
示例性的，采用第一种磁路结构210时，磁路结构210的上侧是导磁板214，导磁板214的上表面设有装配槽2141，便于支架500定位装配，以提高装配效率。可以理解的，采用其它磁路结构时，也可以设置装配槽，以对支架进行定位装配。
在安装弹性悬架400时，弹性悬架400的内环部410可连接于支架500上，外环部430连接在盆架100上，这样便于弹性悬架400的装配，并且在有限空间内将弹性悬架400制作得比较大，相应的，第一悬臂440与第二悬臂450可制作得比较长，满足弹性悬架400对音圈220与环状振膜230弹性支承的需求。
在一些实施例中，为了使第二发音单元两侧气压接近以获得较好的音质，参阅图5，磁路结构210的中部具有轴向通孔215，支架500具有用于安装第二发音单元300的安装槽501，安装槽501与轴向通孔215相连通。这样第二发音单元300能稳定地装配在安装槽501内，第二发音单元300的内侧通过磁路结构210的轴向通孔215与外界连通，降低第二发音单元300内侧存在负压的情况，使第二发音单元300两侧气 压接近，利于提高第二发音单元300的输出音效。其中，第二发音单元300可通过粘接、卡接、紧配合或其它方式装配在支架500上。
示例性的，在采用第一种磁路结构210时，导磁座212的板状部2121中部、磁铁213中部与导磁板214中部分别设有过孔，即可形成磁路结构210的轴向通孔215。采用其他磁路结构时，通过在相应结构上开设过孔，也能形成轴向通孔，进而配合支架的安装槽以实现第二发音单元内侧与外界连通。
在一些实施例中，为了使第一发音单元的环状振膜两侧气压接近以获得较好的音质，参阅图4、图5，支架500的侧壁具有通气孔502，环状气隙211与轴向通孔215之间通过通气孔502连通。这样环状振膜230的内侧通过支架500的通气孔502、磁路结构210的轴向通孔215与外界连通，降低环状振膜230内侧存在负压的情况，使环状振膜230两侧气压接近，利于提高第一发音单元200的输出音效。示例性的，支架500大致呈筒状，支架500的侧壁可沿周向设置多个通气孔502，利于气体在环状气隙211与轴向通孔215之间流动。
在将环状振膜装配至支架与盆架上时，参阅图6，支架500具有第一定位槽503，盆架100具有第二定位槽101；第一定位槽503处设有第一支撑环601，第二定位槽101处设有第二支撑环602；环状振膜230的内缘连接于第一支撑环601上，环状振膜230的外缘连接于第二支撑环602上。这样便于将环状振膜230装配至支架500与盆架100上，使音圈220与环状振膜230之间连接处的低音振动音源面200a能与第二发音单元300的高音振动音源面300a尽量共面。第一支撑环601与第二支撑环602分别设置在第一定位槽503与第二定位槽101，这样能有效利用轴向空间，使结构紧凑，并使环状振膜230的内缘与外缘位置高于音圈220与环状振膜230之间连接处，利于形成更大的供环状振膜230振动的空间，以提升第一发音单元200的输出音效。第一支撑环601与第二支撑环602的形状依据环状振膜230的形状来设置。
在一些实施例中，为了提高环状振膜的刚度，可采用双拱形振膜。参阅图5，环状振膜230包括同轴设置的第一环形部231与第二环形部232，第一环形部231的外缘与第二环形部232的内缘相连接，第一环形部231的径向截面与第二环形部232的径向截面呈拱形。音圈220连接于第一环形部231与第二环形部232之间的连接处。第一环形部231的内凹面与第二环形部232的内凹面均朝向磁路结构210设置，这样利于提高环状振膜230的刚度，利于环状振膜230上下振动的可靠性。可以理解的，还可以将第一环形部231或第二环形部232的径向截面单独设置为拱形，这样也能提高环状振膜230的刚度。环状振膜230中的环状可以是圆形、椭圆形、多角形、圆角矩形等等，第一环形部231与第二环形部232设置为相应的形状，这里不作限定。
在具体设置第二发音单元时，参阅图5，第二发音单元300为微机电喇叭(MEMS speaker)、压电陶瓷发声片、静电喇叭或平板喇叭。这些第二发音单元300结构紧凑，占用空间较小，便于装配到第一发音单元200的磁路结构210一侧中部，实现第二发音单元300与第一发音单元200集成，提升音效，并降低扬声器对空间的占用。
在设置盆架与第一发音单元时，参阅图5，盆架100的外径与磁路结构210的底面至低音振动音源面200a的间距之间的比值范围是1至9。盆架100的外径是指盆架100的最大直径，即盆架100外缘直径。磁路结构210的底面是指磁路结构210背对 环状振膜230的一面。该扬声器将第二发音单元300与第一发音单元200同轴设置，高音振动音源面300a与低音振动音源面200a共面设置，充分利用轴向空间，同时满足高、低音的需求，提升高频响应。
在装配盆架与磁路结构时，参阅图5，盆架100具有贯通孔102，磁路结构210至少部分装配于贯通孔102内；贯通孔102的内壁设有挡臂103，结合图4，磁路结构210具有限位槽216，挡臂103与限位槽216卡接配合，以限定磁路结构210相对盆架100的位置。在组装好磁路结构210后，将磁路结构210由盆架100的底端插入贯通孔102，在盆架100的挡臂103装入磁路结构210的限位槽216时，挡臂103阻挡了磁路结构210，实现磁路结构210的轴向与周向定位。磁路结构210与盆架100之间可通过粘接、卡接、紧配合或其它方式实现连接。
示例性的，在采用第一种磁路结构210时，导磁座212的筒状部2122远离板状部2121的一端边缘设有限位槽216，盆架100贯通孔102靠近环状振膜230一端边缘设有挡臂103。在装配磁路结构210与盆架100时，通过挡臂103与限位槽216卡接配合，实现磁路结构210与盆架100的轴向定位。
在一些实施例中，为了控制低音共振频率，参阅图4、图6，盆架100具有与环状气隙211连通的第一透气孔104，以及用于覆盖第一透气孔104的第一多孔阻尼层105；磁路结构210具有与环状气隙211连通的第二透气孔2123，以及用于覆盖第二透气孔2123的第二多孔阻尼层2124。这些方案可调节透气孔的气流量，以控制低音共振频率。第一透气孔104与第二透气孔2123可设置为多个，可以设置为弧形延伸或按其它形状延伸。第一多孔阻尼层105、第二多孔阻尼层2124可选用无纺布、微穿孔材料等多孔质材料。可以理解的，盆架100具有第一透气孔104并覆盖第一多孔阻尼层105，或者磁路结构210具有第二透气孔2123并覆盖第二多孔阻尼层2124，这两种方案也能控制低音共振频率。
本申请实施例提供一种电子设备，包括上述的扬声器。参阅图5，本申请实施例电子设备中的扬声器轴向尺寸较小，提高空间利用率。能降低第一发音单元200与第二发音单元300分别输出不同频率声音存在相位差的情况，乐器空间位置感更精准。采用弹性悬架400将音圈220与环状振膜230弹性支承在盆架100，利于音圈220与环状振膜230在预定范围内振动，降低摇摆偏振的情况，提高可靠性。具体的，电子设备可以是移动电话、平板计算机、智能手机、智能眼镜、AR/VR设备、助听器、耳机、喇叭音箱等等。
最后应说明的是：以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何在本申请揭露的技术范围内的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种扬声器，其特征在于，包括：
    盆架；
    第一发音单元，其包括安装于所述盆架的磁路结构，环状振膜，以及连接于所述环状振膜的音圈，其中，所述磁路结构具有环状气隙，所述环状振膜与所述磁路结构相间隔，所述音圈的至少一部分容置于所述环状气隙内，所述音圈与所述环状振膜之间的连接处形成低音振动音源面，当处于所述磁路结构提供的第一磁场中所述音圈有音频电流通过时，所述音圈用于产生随所述音频电流变化的第二磁场；
    第二发音单元，与所述第一发音单元同轴设置，且所述第二发音单元安装于所述磁路结构面向所述环状振膜的一侧中部，所述第二发音单元的发音频率大于所述第一发音单元的发音频率，所述第二发音单元具有高音振动音源面，所述高音振动音源面与所述低音振动音源面共面设置；
    弹性悬架，用于将所述音圈与所述环状振膜弹性支承在所述盆架。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述弹性悬架包括同轴设置的内环部、中环部与外环部、连接在所述内环部与所述中环部之间的第一悬臂，以及连接在所述中环部与所述外环部之间的第二悬臂；所述内环部靠近所述第二发音单元设置，所述音圈连接于所述中环部，所述外环部连接于所述盆架上。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述弹性悬架为柔性电路板，用于为所述音圈与所述第二发音单元提供音频电流，所述外环部具有输入端子，所述音圈与所述中环部电性连接，所述第二发音单元与所述内环部电性连接。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述第一悬臂与所述第二悬臂均蜿蜒设置。
  5. 根据权利要求2至4任一项所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述第一悬臂的数量为多个，多个所述第一悬臂以所述中环部的轴线为中心对称设置；
    所述第二悬臂的数量为多个，多个所述第二悬臂以所述中环部的轴线为中心对称设置。
  6. 根据权利要求2至5任一项所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述外环部与所述中环部的直径差和所述中环部与所述内环部的直径差之间的比值范围是0.6至1.4。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述磁路结构包括导磁座、磁铁和安装于所述磁铁上的导磁板；所述导磁座包括板状部及连接于所述板状部外缘的筒状部，所述磁铁安装于所述板状部上，所述磁铁的外周面与所述导磁板的外周面均与所述筒状部的内壁相间隔并形成所述环状气隙，所述环状气隙靠近所述导磁板的一端形成供所述音圈伸入的开口，所述筒状部安装于所述盆架；
    或，所述磁路结构包括导磁座、环状磁铁与导磁环，所述导磁座包括板状部及连接于所述板状部中部的柱状部，所述环状磁铁安装于所述板状部上，所述导磁环安装于所述环状磁铁上，所述环状磁铁的内周面与所述导磁环的内周面均与所述柱状部的外周面相间隔并形成环状气隙，所述环状气隙靠近所述导磁环的一端形成供所述音圈伸入的开口，所述导磁座安装于所述盆架；
    或，所述磁路结构包括导磁座、内圈磁铁、外圈磁铁、内圈导磁板与外圈导磁板， 所述内圈磁铁与所述外圈磁铁同轴间隔安装于所述导磁座上，所述内圈导磁板与所述外圈导磁板一一对应地安装于所述内圈磁铁与所述外圈磁铁上，所述内圈导磁板与所述外圈导磁板相间隔，所述内圈磁铁与所述内圈导磁板构成的组件跟所述内圈磁铁与所述内圈导磁板构成的组件之间形成环状气隙，所述环状气隙靠近所述内圈导磁板的一端形成供所述音圈伸入的开口，所述导磁座安装于所述盆架。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7任一项所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述磁路结构的面向所述环状振膜的一侧中部设有支架，所述第二发音单元安装于所述支架上。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述磁路结构的中部具有轴向通孔，所述支架具有用于安装所述第二发音单元的安装槽，所述安装槽与所述轴向通孔相连通。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述支架的侧壁具有通气孔，所述环状气隙与所述轴向通孔之间通过所述通气孔连通。
  11. 根据权利要求8至10任一项所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述支架具有第一定位槽，所述盆架具有第二定位槽；所述第一定位槽处设有第一支撑环，所述第二定位槽处设有第二支撑环；所述环状振膜的内缘连接于所述第一支撑环上，所述环状振膜的外缘连接于所述第二支撑环上。
  12. 根据权利要求1至11任一项所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述环状振膜包括同轴设置的第一环形部与第二环形部，所述第一环形部的外缘与所述第二环形部的内缘相连接，所述第一环形部的径向截面和/或所述第二环形部的径向截面呈拱形；所述音圈连接于所述第一环形部与所述第二环形部之间的连接处。
  13. 根据权利要求1至12任一项所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述第二发音单元为微机电喇叭、压电陶瓷发声片、静电喇叭或平板喇叭。
  14. 根据权利要求1至13任一项所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述盆架的外径与所述磁路结构的底面至所述低音振动音源面的间距之间的比值范围是1至9。
  15. 根据权利要求1至14任一项所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述盆架具有贯通孔，所述磁路结构至少部分装配于所述贯通孔内；所述贯通孔的内壁设有挡臂，所述磁路结构具有限位槽，所述挡臂与所述限位槽卡接配合以限定所述磁路结构相对所述盆架的位置。
  16. 根据权利要求1至15任一项所述的扬声器，其特征在于，所述盆架具有与所述环状气隙连通的第一透气孔，以及用于覆盖所述第一透气孔的第一多孔阻尼层；
    和/或，所述磁路结构具有与所述环状气隙连通的第二透气孔，以及用于覆盖所述第二透气孔的第二多孔阻尼层。
  17. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1至16任一项所述的扬声器。
PCT/CN2021/134612 2020-12-07 2021-11-30 一种扬声器及电子设备 WO2022121740A1 (zh)

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