WO2022121448A1 - 氮气密封结构改进型高炉布料器 - Google Patents

氮气密封结构改进型高炉布料器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022121448A1
WO2022121448A1 PCT/CN2021/120566 CN2021120566W WO2022121448A1 WO 2022121448 A1 WO2022121448 A1 WO 2022121448A1 CN 2021120566 W CN2021120566 W CN 2021120566W WO 2022121448 A1 WO2022121448 A1 WO 2022121448A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ring
cylinder
annular
blast furnace
distributor
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PCT/CN2021/120566
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
马云峰
王蜀生
郑军
戴文军
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中冶赛迪技术研究中心有限公司
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Application filed by 中冶赛迪技术研究中心有限公司 filed Critical 中冶赛迪技术研究中心有限公司
Priority to US18/037,562 priority Critical patent/US20240002963A1/en
Priority to JP2023530068A priority patent/JP2023549910A/ja
Publication of WO2022121448A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022121448A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/18—Bell-and-hopper arrangements
    • C21B7/20—Bell-and-hopper arrangements with appliances for distributing the burden
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/34—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces with slip-ring pressed against a more or less radial face on one member
    • F16J15/3464—Mounting of the seal
    • F16J15/3472—Means for centering or aligning the contacting faces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/16—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces
    • F16J15/40—Sealings between relatively-moving surfaces by means of fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/44—Free-space packings
    • F16J15/447—Labyrinth packings
    • F16J15/4472—Labyrinth packings with axial path

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of blast furnaces, in particular to a blast furnace distributor with an improved nitrogen sealing structure.
  • the common method of the corresponding nitrogen sealing structure is to leave a certain gap at the joint between the rotating drum and the distributor shell, and pass nitrogen gas higher than the inner cavity of the blast furnace into the distributor shell to carry out the so-called so-called Because the inner cavity of the blast furnace is a high temperature and high pressure dust environment, and the pressure instability often occurs in the furnace, dust and gas can easily penetrate into the inner cavity of the distributor through the gap.
  • the traditional gas seal structure is well summarized and described in 1.3.4.2 of the Chinese document "Research on the Transmission Gearbox of the Water-cooled Distribution Chute on the Top of the Blast Furnace without Bell" (Master's Thesis of Northeastern University).
  • the parts can only use a labyrinth structure with a large gap. If the gap is narrowed, the contact surface must be processed with high precision, and it will also be blocked due to thermal deformation during operation, but the large gap brings about the blast furnace.
  • the inner cavity and the inner cavity of the distributor are macroscopically connected, and it is easy to blow gas from each other.
  • the graphite block is attached to the fixed joint surface through a plane, so the processing requirements for the size of the relevant mating surface are relatively high, and as the wear and tear is consumed, the gap will gradually increase; the bottom of the graphite block is directly facing the blast furnace gas and dust. , once pressure fluctuations cause the pressure in the inner cavity of the distributor to become unstable, the blast furnace gas can easily break through the gap and carry the dust to scour and wear the graphite block. .
  • Chinese Patent No. 201120161414.4 and Chinese Patent No. 201220013144.7 both use a narrow-slot labyrinth form in the joint part of the rotating drum and the fixed shell to increase the resistance of blast furnace gas, but there is still a risk of leakage in theory.
  • Chinese Patent No. 201120161414.4 and Chinese Patent No. 201220013144.7 both use a narrow-slot labyrinth form in the joint part of the rotating drum and the fixed shell to increase the resistance of blast furnace gas, but there is still a risk of leakage in theory.
  • 200820077191.1 adopts a wear-resistant sealing ring structure (similar to a floating ring) similar to the above-mentioned "Research on the Transmission Gearbox of Water-cooled Distribution Chute of Blast Furnace Bellless Top”, and adds elastic elements to make the wear-resistant sealing ring always in contact with the opposite joint surface, overcoming The defects of the floating ring structure in the "Research on the Transmission Gearbox of the Water-cooled Distributing Chute on the Bellless Top of the Blast Furnace” are discussed, but the elastic element is a vulnerable part. Once the entire distributor is damaged, the elastic element needs to be disassembled and replaced, which is difficult to maintain.
  • the first annular part and the second annular part described in the Chinese patent 201580027776.5 are in contact with each other, which can theoretically improve the sealing effect. It is similar to the reduced version of the gap (and pushed to the limit to the contact state) in the traditional way. As pointed out above, such a structure requires very high machining accuracy, and high temperature deformation during operation is unavoidable.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide an improved blast furnace distributor with a nitrogen sealing structure.
  • the nitrogen sealing structure can float and realize self-adaptive sealing during operation, which not only prolongs its service life, It also reduces the effect of the nitrogen consumption of the distributor.
  • the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
  • a blast furnace distributor with an improved nitrogen sealing structure comprising a fixed shell, a rotating drum and a central throat pipe.
  • the upper part of the throat pipe is fixedly connected with the position of the central ring hole above the fixed shell;
  • the rotating cylinder is mainly composed of an inner ring cylinder, a cylinder bottom plate and an outer ring cylinder.
  • the inner ring cylinder is provided at the upper end face of the cylinder bottom plate and is located on the inner ring side of the cylinder bottom plate
  • the cylindrical outer ring cylinder body is provided at the lower end surface of the cylinder bottom plate and is located on the outer ring side of the cylinder bottom plate.
  • An intermediate fixed cylinder is detachably installed at the annular gap formed between the central throat pipe and the inner ring cylinder of the rotating cylinder.
  • An annular air box I is formed between the inner ring cylinder and the intermediate fixed cylinder.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate fixed cylinder is provided with a shaft shoulder I, and there is an annular gap I between the outer peripheral surface of the shaft shoulder I and the inner ring cylinder.
  • I is used as a middle spacer ring to divide the annular air-box I into two parts, an upper air-box I and a lower gas-box I, and the upper gas-box I and the lower gas-box I are connected through the annular gap I.
  • a middle lower floating ring is set above the shaft shoulder I of the middle fixed cylinder, and a middle upper floating ring is freely placed on the middle lower floating ring.
  • the upper mating surface I matched with the mating surface I, at least one of the upper mating surface I and the lower mating surface I is a convex annular surface so that the upper and lower mating surfaces are in line contact.
  • An intermediate labyrinth ring is arranged in the lower air box I below the shaft shoulder I.
  • a fixed short tube is arranged under the fixed shell, and an annular air box II is formed between the outer ring cylinder placed in the fixed short tube and the fixed short tube.
  • a lower floating ring of the outer ring is set above the shaft shoulder II of the outer ring cylinder.
  • the upper floating ring of the outer ring is freely placed on the lower floating ring of the outer ring.
  • An outer labyrinth ring is arranged in the lower air box II below the shaft shoulder II.
  • intermediate fixed cylinder is fastened on the slewing bearing or the central throat or the fixed casing through a connecting piece.
  • the ring width of the upper chimney I is larger than that of the lower chimney I, and the ring width of the lower chimney I is larger than that of the annular gap I; in the annular chimney II, the width of the upper chimney II is larger than that of the lower chimney I.
  • the ring width is larger than that of the lower air-box II, and the ring width of the lower air-box II is larger than that of the annular gap II.
  • the upper mating surface I and the lower mating surface I are both convex annular surfaces, or, one of the upper mating surfaces I and the lower mating surface I is an inclined surface that matches the convex annular surface, or, the upper mating surface I
  • One of the lower mating surfaces I is an inner concave annular surface matched with the outer convex annular surface.
  • Both the upper mating surface II and the lower mating surface II are convex annular surfaces, or, one of the upper mating surface II and the lower mating surface II is an inclined surface that matches the convex annular surface, or, the upper mating surface II and the lower One of the mating surfaces II is an inner concave annular surface matched with the outer convex annular surface.
  • the radius of curvature of the inner concave annular surface is larger than the radius of curvature of the outer convex annular surface.
  • wear-resistant materials are provided on the upper matching surface I and the lower matching surface I, and the upper matching surface II and the lower matching surface II.
  • the upper middle floating ring, the lower middle floating ring, the upper floating ring on the outer ring and the lower floating ring on the outer ring are made of graphite material or ceramic material.
  • annular air box I is connected with an air supply pipe for the intermediate air box for blowing the upper floating ring in the middle.
  • both the middle labyrinth ring and the outer labyrinth ring are composed of corrugated tubes arranged in pairs.
  • the nitrogen sealing structure in this scheme increases the number of labyrinths at the inner cavity end of the blast furnace, enhances the effect of dust reduction and resistance to loss, and forms the first barrier for the sealing of the inner cavity of the distributor; at the same time, the elasticity of the corrugated structure is also convenient. Install.
  • the upper and lower floating ring line contact structure is adopted, so that it has an adaptive function, and its contact position is always in contact, and through work running-in, the contact position is combined better, which further enhances the sealing effect; reduces the processing difficulty, and the line When the contact structure is running, it is not easy to cause jamming due to dimensional errors.
  • the mating surface of the floating ring adopts wear-resistant material, which further enhances the service life of the upper and lower floating rings.
  • the upper and lower floating rings cooperate with the inclined surface and the inner concave arc surface through the convex annular surface, so that the contact surface is in contact with the oblique direction, thereby reducing the normal force at the contact position, and has the function of automatic centering, which further reduces the Friction, enhances the service life of the floating ring.
  • the floating ring of the split structure is easy to install and disassemble locally, and it can be disassembled without removing too many structures, which is convenient for equipment maintenance.
  • Fig. 1 is the structural representation of this scheme
  • Fig. 2 is the enlarged view of A part of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is the enlarged view of B part of Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a floating ring structure
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the split structure form of the floating ring.
  • Distributor body 1 rotating cylinder 2, intermediate fixed cylinder 3, sealing structure I4, sealing structure II5, fixed short pipe 6, blast furnace 7; fixed shell 101, slewing bearing 102, central throat 103; inner ring cylinder 201, Cylinder bottom plate 202, outer ring cylinder 203;
  • middle labyrinth ring 401 middle labyrinth ring 402, middle lower floating ring 403, middle upper floating ring 404, shaft shoulder I405, annular gap I406, upper air box I407, lower air box I408, lower floating ring wear-resistant layer 409, upper floating ring wear-resistant layer 410;
  • outer ring labyrinth ring 501 outer ring labyrinth ring 502, outer ring lower floating ring 503, outer ring upper floating ring 504, shaft shoulder II 505, annular gap II 506, upper air box II 507, lower air box II 508.
  • FIG. 1 it is a blast furnace distributor with an improved nitrogen sealing structure.
  • the first thing to be noted is that the distributor body 1 and its transmission structure are conventional structures.
  • the water cooling technology (including the so-called “closed water circulation system” and “open water circulation system”) applicable to the distributor body 1 is also a well-known technical means, so it is not described in detail in this proposal.
  • the improvement of the nitrogen sealing structure in this solution can be applied to the above-mentioned existing blast furnace distributors.
  • the nitrogen-sealed structure-improved blast furnace distributor includes the basic structure of the blast furnace distributor: a fixed shell 101 , a rotating drum 2 and a central throat 103 , wherein the rotating drum 2 is installed above the interior of the fixed shell 101 through a slewing bearing 102
  • the slewing bearing 102 drives it to rotate around the slewing center (the slewing center is also the center of the blast furnace).
  • the rotating cylinder 2 here is mainly composed of an inner ring cylinder 201 , a cylinder bottom plate 202 and an outer ring cylinder 203 , wherein the cylinder bottom plate 202 is an annular disk, and the cylindrical inner ring cylinder 201 is arranged on the cylinder bottom plate 202
  • the upper end surface of the cylinder bottom plate 202 is located at the inner ring side of the cylinder bottom plate 202
  • the cylindrical outer ring cylinder 203 is provided at the lower end surface of the cylinder bottom plate 202 and is located on the outer ring side of the cylinder bottom plate.
  • the aforementioned inner ring side refers to the side of the cylinder bottom plate 202 close to the central throat pipe 103
  • the outer ring side of the cylinder bottom plate 202 is far from the central throat pipe 103 .
  • the intermediate fixed cylinder 3 is detachably installed at the annular gap formed between the central throat 103 and the inner ring cylinder 201 of the rotating cylinder 2 .
  • the intermediate fixed cylinder 3 is an independent component. Since the inner ring of the slewing bearing 102, the central throat pipe 103 and the fixed housing 101 are all fixed parts, they can be fastened by connecting parts (flanges, bolts, etc.) On the inner ring of the slewing bearing 102 or the central throat pipe 103 or the fixed casing 101, it forms a whole with these parts, which not only facilitates processing and installation, but also facilitates the replacement and maintenance of wearing parts.
  • An annular air box IC2 is formed between the inner ring cylinder 201 and the intermediate fixed cylinder 3, the outer peripheral surface of the intermediate fixed cylinder 3 is provided with a shaft shoulder I405, and there is an annular gap I406 between the outer peripheral surface of the shaft shoulder I405 and the inner ring cylinder 201 , the shoulder I405 is used as the intermediate spacer ring to divide the annular air box IC2 into two parts, the upper air box I407 and the lower air box I408.
  • a middle lower floating ring 403 is sleeved above the shaft shoulder I405 of the middle fixed cylinder 3, and a middle upper floating ring 404 is freely placed on the middle lower floating ring 403.
  • the middle lower floating ring 403 is provided with a lower mating surface IS0, and the middle upper floating ring 404
  • Intermediate labyrinth rings 401 and 402 are arranged in the lower air box I408 below the shaft shoulder I405.
  • Both the middle lower floating ring 403 and the middle upper floating ring 404 have degrees of freedom of axial and circumferential movement; this ensures that the manufacturing error can be accommodated during the movement, and the optimal working position can be found adaptively.
  • the shaft shoulder I405 , the lower middle floating ring 403 , the upper middle floating ring 404 and the middle labyrinth rings 401 and 402 together constitute the sealing structure I4 of the region corresponding to the inner ring cylinder 201 .
  • the shaft shoulder I405 as the intermediate spacer ring is a structure that is fixedly connected with the intermediate fixing cylinder 3, its diameter is larger than that of the intermediate fixing cylinder 3, it can be welded on the intermediate fixing cylinder 3, or it can be directly designed as an integral type with the intermediate fixing cylinder 3 In this way, the intermediate fixed cylinder 3 forms a stepped structure protruding radially outward and divides the annular air box IC2 into upper and lower parts.
  • the middle labyrinth ring 401 is welded to the lower part of the inner ring body 201 of the rotating drum 2, and the middle labyrinth ring 402 is welded to the lower part of the middle fixed drum 3.
  • the middle labyrinth ring 401 and the middle labyrinth ring 402 are composed of bellows arranged in pairs.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the tube is almost the same, but the size is different, and the peaks and troughs of the corrugated shape are in one-to-one correspondence, and the minimum inner diameter (the position of the wave trough) of the middle labyrinth ring 401 is slightly smaller than the maximum outer diameter (the position of the wave crest) of the middle labyrinth ring 402.
  • the corrugated tooth structure of the labyrinth ring has an interlocking structure, which not only has the effect of enhancing dust reduction and increasing gas resistance; at the same time, it can also use the elasticity of the corrugation to achieve installation (do not pass the peak and valley position of the corrugation during installation and rebound) , there will be no interference during operation, and the two bellows arranged correspondingly form a serpentine channel C4 during operation.
  • the middle lower floating ring 403 is sleeved on the outer cylindrical surface of the middle fixed cylinder 3 and is clearance fit.
  • the axial limit of the middle lower floating ring 403 is realized by the upper surface of the shaft shoulder I405.
  • the upper surface of the shaft shoulder I405 is flat and freely in contact; as shown in Figure 2, the upper left corner of the middle lower floating ring 403 is the lower mating surface IS0, which can be set as a tapered annular surface with an inclined cross-section; the middle upper floating ring 404
  • the lower right corner is the upper mating surface IS1, which can be set as a torus with a convex arc in cross section; the upper middle floating ring 404 is supported by the lower floating ring contact surface S0 to limit its axial movement; the outer cylindrical surface of the middle upper floating ring 404 and the rotating
  • the inner cylindrical surface of the cylinder body 201 of the inner ring of the cylinder is a clearance fit.
  • a fixed short tube 6 is arranged below the fixed casing 101 , and an annular air box IIC3 is formed between the outer ring cylinder 203 placed in the fixed short tube 6 and the fixed short tube 6 .
  • the outer peripheral surface of the outer ring cylinder 203 is provided with a shoulder II 505, and there is an annular gap II 506 between the outer peripheral surface of the shoulder II 505 and the fixed short tube 6.
  • the shoulder II 505 is used as the outer ring spacer to divide the annular air box II C3 into two parts.
  • the upper airbox II507 and the lower airbox II508 are two parts, and the upper airbox II507 and the lower airbox II508 are connected through the annular gap II506.
  • a lower outer ring floating ring 503 is sheathed above the shaft shoulder II 505 of the outer ring cylinder 203, the outer ring upper floating ring 504 is freely placed on the outer ring lower floating ring 503, and the outer ring lower floating ring 503 is provided with a lower mating surface II S3.
  • the floating ring 504 on the outer ring is correspondingly provided with an upper mating surface IIS4 which is matched with the lower mating surface IIS3, and at least one of the upper mating surface IIS4 and the lower mating surface IIS3 is a convex annular surface so that the upper and lower mating surfaces form a line contact .
  • Outer ring labyrinth rings 501 and 502 are arranged in the lower air box II 508 below the shaft shoulder II 505 .
  • the sealing structure II5 at the area corresponding to the outer ring cylinder 203 has the same structure as the sealing structure I4.
  • the sealing structure II5 consists of the shaft shoulder II505, the lower floating ring 503 of the outer ring, the upper floating ring 504 of the outer ring and the outer ring.
  • the loop labyrinth rings 501 and 502 are formed together.
  • the fixed short pipe 6 is welded on the lower flange position of the fixed casing 101, and the outer ring cylinder 203 of the rotating cylinder 2 is welded or bolted to the lower surface of the cylinder bottom plate 202;
  • the structure in which the ring cylinder 203 is fixedly connected has a larger diameter than the outer ring cylinder 203 , and can be welded or integrated with the outer ring cylinder 203 .
  • the outer ring cylinder 203 forms a radially outwardly protruding stepped structure and divides the annular air box IIC3 into two upper and lower parts; as shown in Figures 1 and 3, the rest of the sealing structure II5 is similar to the sealing structure I4 , and will not be repeated here.
  • the ring width of the upper air box I407 is larger than that of the lower air box I408, and the ring width of the lower air box I408 is larger than the ring width of the annular gap I406; similarly, in the annular air box IIC3, the upper The ring width of airbox II507 is larger than that of lower airbox II508, and the ring width of lower airbox II508 is larger than that of annular gap II506.
  • the two matching floating rings have several structural forms.
  • the upper matching surface IS1 and the lower matching surface IS0 are both convex annular surfaces; It is that one of the upper mating surface IS1 and the lower mating surface IS0 is a convex annular surface, and the other is an inclined surface (that is, a conical annular surface) that matches the convex annular surface; the other is the upper mating surface IS1 and the lower surface.
  • One of the mating surfaces IS0 is an outer convex annular surface, and the other is an inner concave annular surface matched with the outer convex annular surface.
  • the upper mating surface IIS4 and the lower mating surface IIS3 are both convex annular surfaces, or, the upper mating surface IIS4 and the lower One of the mating surfaces IIS3 is an inclined surface matched with the convex annular surface, or one of the upper mating surface IIS4 and the lower mating surface IIS3 is an inner concave annular surface matched with the convex annular surface.
  • the radius of curvature of the concave annular surface should be larger than the radius of curvature of the convex annular surface, so that line contact can be achieved.
  • wear-resistant materials are provided on the upper mating surface IS1 and the lower mating surface IS0, and the upper mating surface IIS4 and the lower mating surface IIS3.
  • the use of the floating ring can be greatly extended by setting the mutual contact surfaces of the floating rings to wear-resistant materials, or inserting a wear-resistant layer on the toroidal surface at local positions of the contact surfaces, or using wear-resistant materials as a whole or in part of the floating rings. life.
  • the graphite material specially proposed here is a preferred solution, and other materials such as ceramic materials are also allowed. In terms of material selection, in addition to its manufacturing and processing convenience, the material should also have high temperature resistance and small thermal deformation. characteristic.
  • Fig. 4 shows a floating ring structure
  • the lower floating ring wear-resistant layer 409 is embedded near the contact line on the lower mating surface IS0 of the middle lower floating ring 403, and the lower floating ring wear-resistant layer 409 can be under the An annular groove is machined on the mating surface IS0, and then hard alloy is surfacing. Similarly, an annular groove is processed on the upper mating surface IS1 of the middle upper floating ring 404, and then cemented carbide is surfacing to form the wear-resistant layer 410 of the upper floating ring.
  • the blast furnace distributor is also equipped with other equipment.
  • the fixed casing 101 of the distributor body 1 is provided with a distributor inner cavity air supply pipe P0 which communicates with the distributor cavity C1.
  • a distributor inner cavity air supply pipe P0 which communicates with the distributor cavity C1.
  • another air supply pipe that is, an intermediate air box air supply pipe P1
  • the upper plate of the fixed housing 101 and the intermediate fixed cylinder 3 have an air channel and are communicated with each other.
  • the outer end of the air channel is communicated with the air supply pipe P1 of the middle air box, and the inner end is communicated with the upper air box I407 of the annular gas box IC2.
  • the air box supply pipe P1 is connected to the annular gas box IC2, so that the upper middle floating ring 404 can be blown.
  • the upper middle floating ring 404 , the lower middle floating ring 403 , the upper outer ring floating ring 504 and the lower outer ring floating ring 503 may be in the form of split structures, as shown in FIG. 5 . That is, the (floating ring) is divided into two halves in the diameter direction, connected by bolts and/or locating pins during operation, and realized by operating local bolts and/or locating pins during assembly and disassembly.
  • the connecting piece can be installed by digging out a partial groove structure sufficient for bolt and/or pin connection on the upper or lower surface of the floating ring.
  • lubricants at the positions of the mating surfaces (S0, S1, S3, S4) of each floating ring, and the lubricant supply passages can be delivered to the annular air boxes by a structure similar to the air passages (P0, P1).
  • the sealing structure I4 is set at the annular air box IC2, and is divided into upper and lower parts by the shaft shoulder I405.
  • the upper air box I407 is installed with the lower floating ring wear-resistant layer 409 and the upper floating ring wear-resistant layer 410, and the lower air box I408.
  • the middle labyrinth ring 401 is partially installed; the sealing structure II5 is set at the position of the annular air box IIC3, and the specific structure is similar to the sealing structure I4.
  • the annular air box 1C2 and the annular air box IIC3 are respectively supplied with nitrogen gas from the intermediate air box gas supply pipe P1 and the gas supply pipe P0 in the inner cavity of the distributor, and the nitrogen pressure is kept higher than the inner cavity pressure of the blast furnace.
  • the rotating drum will rotate, and the upper floating ring 404 in the middle and/or the lower floating ring 503 of the outer ring may rotate with the rotating drum.
  • the floating ring is in a relatively fixed position in the circumferential direction. At this time, the movement is realized by sliding relative to the upper middle floating ring 403 and the upper matching surface of the outer ring upper floating ring 504. Because the middle upper floating ring 404 and the outer ring float The ring 504 is also free to float axially, so there is no jamming at all times, and the upper and lower floating rings are always in contact due to nitrogen pressure and gravity.
  • the nitrogen sealing structure is divided into two functional areas in the overall structure.
  • the labyrinth structure located on the lower side of the blast furnace can not only play the role of dust prevention and dust reduction, but also increase the gas pressure resistance loss in the furnace.
  • Such a structure does not require high-precision manufacturing costs; by keeping the upper pressure higher than the blast furnace pressure, the floating ring can be guaranteed to have a certain sealing pressing force, so as to achieve a better sealing effect.
  • the floating ring structure and the labyrinth structure protect each other, and the floating ring seal leaks less, which reduces the gas blow-by in the inner cavity of the blast furnace and the distributor, thereby reducing the wear of the gas on the labyrinth, and the labyrinth structure can reduce dust and decompression. It in turn acts as a front end protection for the floating ring seal.

Abstract

本发明涉及一种氮气密封结构改进型高炉布料器，属于高炉领域。该氮气密封结构在整体结构上分为两个功能区域，其中靠高炉的下侧位置设置迷宫结构既可起到防尘、降尘作用，还能增加炉内煤气压力阻损，为上部浮动环密封提供有利条件；而在靠布料器的上侧位置设置相配合的浮动环，它们能在运行过程中通过自适应始终保持接触，通过相互磨合还能够达到更加紧密的结合，而且这样的结构不需要高精度的制造成本；通过保持上部压力高于高炉压力，即可保证浮动环具有一定密封压紧力，以达到更好的密封效果。

Description

氮气密封结构改进型高炉布料器 技术领域
本发明属于高炉领域，具体涉及一种氮气密封结构改进型高炉布料器。
背景技术
高炉采用无料钟炉顶布料器已经有近50年历史，并已经发展出多种传动结构形式，例如最为传统的卢森堡PW公司的布料器在国内常称为“水冷齿轮箱”或“气密箱”，另外国内中冶赛迪、中冶东方、秦冶、中冶南方均具有各自特色的布料器。这些布料器共同的特点是都存在旋转筒结构，在旋转筒与布料器固定部分的密封均采用氮气密封，其水冷结构有开式和闭式两种形式，闭式水冷又称为“密闭水循环系统”或“加压水冷系统”。无论采用哪种水循环系统，其相应的氮封结构常用的方法均是在旋转筒与布料器壳体结合部位留有一定间隙，通过在布料器壳体内通入高于高炉内腔的氮气进行所谓的“氮封”，由于高炉内腔是一个高温、高压的粉尘环境，而且炉内经常发生压力不稳定现象，粉尘和煤气很容易通过间隙侵入布料器内腔。
中国文献《高炉无钟炉顶水冷布料溜槽传动齿轮箱研究》(东北大学硕士论文)1.3.4.2对传统的气封结构进行了很好地总结描述，这样的结构在旋转筒与固定壳体结合部位只能采用具有较大缝隙的迷宫结构，若缩小缝隙则必须对相互接触面有高精度的加工，并且运行期间也会因热变形而产生卡阻，但较大的缝隙带来的就是高炉内腔与布料器内腔是宏观联通的，很容易互相窜气，为了保护布料器内腔的零部件不受高炉内腔高温煤气侵蚀，必须提供大量的氮气充入布料器内腔，如其在1.3.4.3中指出，这种气封结构耗气量常常是几千立方米每小时。该文中也指出了一种改进气封方式：在旋转筒和固定壳体结合部位放入石墨块并在上方设置了压环，如其在图2.3所示，石墨块是随旋转筒和压板一同转动的，而石墨块又是通过平面与固定结合面贴合的，这样对相关配合面尺寸加工要求较高，而随着磨损消耗，缝隙会逐渐增大；石墨块下方直接对着高炉煤气和粉尘，一旦有压力波动造成布料器内腔压力失稳，高炉煤气很容易冲破缝隙并带着粉尘对石墨块进行冲刷磨耗，这样的结构在初期使用效果较好，但长期使用效果可能会逐渐变差。
中国专利201120161414.4和中国专利201220013144.7均是在旋转筒与固定壳体结合部位采用一种窄缝迷宫形式增加高炉煤气阻损，但理论上仍然存在泄漏风险。中国专利200820077191.1采用类似上述《高炉无钟炉顶水冷布料溜槽传动齿轮箱研究》的耐磨密封圈 结构(类似浮动环)、并加入弹性元件使耐磨密封圈始终与相对的结合面接触，克服了《高炉无钟炉顶水冷布料溜槽传动齿轮箱研究》中浮动环结构的缺陷，但是弹性元件属于易损件，一旦损坏整个布料器需要拆开更换弹性元件，维护较困难。中国专利201580027776.5中描述的第一环形部分和第二环形部分相互接触，理论上也是能够提高密封效果的，由于第一环形部分和第二环形部分分别是与固定壳体和旋转部分固定连接的，其类似于传统方式对缝隙的缩小版本(并推向极限为接触状态)，如前述指出，这样的结构对加工精度要求是非常高的，而且运行中的高温变形是难以避免的。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的目的在于提供一种氮气密封结构改进型高炉布料器，该氮气密封结构在降低制造难度的基础上，在运行中能浮动实现自适应密封，不仅延长了其使用寿命，还能降低布料器氮气消耗的效果。
为达到上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
一种氮气密封结构改进型高炉布料器，包括固定壳体、旋转筒以及中心喉管，旋转筒通过回转支承安装在固定壳体的内部上方处并由该回转支承带动其绕回转中心转动，中心喉管的上部与固定壳体上方的中心环孔位置相固连；旋转筒主要由内圈筒体、筒底板以及外圈筒体组成，其中筒底板为环状圆盘，呈圆筒状的内圈筒体设置在筒底板的上端面处且位于筒底板的内圈侧，呈圆筒状的外圈筒体设置在筒底板的下端面处且位于筒底板的外圈侧。
中心喉管与旋转筒的内圈筒体之间所形成的环形夹缝处可拆卸安装有中间固定筒。
内圈筒体与中间固定筒之间形成环形气函Ⅰ，中间固定筒的外周面上设有轴肩Ⅰ、且轴肩Ⅰ的外周面与内圈筒体间具有环形缝隙Ⅰ，该轴肩Ⅰ作为中间隔环以将环形气函Ⅰ分割成上气函Ⅰ与下气函Ⅰ两部分，上气函Ⅰ与下气函Ⅰ通过环形缝隙Ⅰ相连通。
中间固定筒的轴肩Ⅰ上方套装有中间下浮动环，中间下浮动环上自由搁置有中间上浮动环，中间下浮动环上设有下配合面Ⅰ，中间上浮动环上对应设有与下配合面Ⅰ相配合的上配合面Ⅰ，上配合面Ⅰ与下配合面Ⅰ中至少一个为外凸的环形曲面以使上下两配合面形成线接触。
轴肩Ⅰ下方的下气函Ⅰ中设有中间迷宫环。
固定壳体下方设有固定短管，置于固定短管内的外圈筒体与固定短管间形成环形气函Ⅱ。
外圈筒体的外周面上设有轴肩Ⅱ、且轴肩Ⅱ的外周面与固定短管间具有环形缝隙Ⅱ，该轴肩Ⅱ作为外圈隔环以将环形气函Ⅱ分割成上气函Ⅱ与下气函Ⅱ两部分，上气函Ⅱ与下气函Ⅱ通过环形缝隙Ⅱ相连通。
外圈筒体的轴肩Ⅱ上方套装有外圈下浮动环，外圈下浮动环上自由搁置有外圈上浮动环，外圈下浮动环上设有下配合面Ⅱ，外圈上浮动环上对应设有与下配合面Ⅱ相配合的上配合面Ⅱ，上配合面Ⅱ与下配合面Ⅱ中至少一个为外凸的环形曲面以使上下两配合面形成线接触。
轴肩Ⅱ下方的下气函Ⅱ中设有外圈迷宫环。
进一步，该中间固定筒通过连接件紧固在回转支承或中心喉管或固定壳体上。
进一步，环形气函Ⅰ中，上气函Ⅰ的环宽大于下气函Ⅰ的环宽，下气函Ⅰ的环宽大于环形缝隙Ⅰ的环宽；环形气函Ⅱ中，上气函Ⅱ的环宽大于下气函Ⅱ的环宽，下气函Ⅱ的环宽大于环形缝隙Ⅱ的环宽。
进一步，上配合面Ⅰ与下配合面Ⅰ均为外凸的环形曲面，或，上配合面Ⅰ与下配合面Ⅰ中一个为与外凸的环形曲面相配合的斜面，或，上配合面Ⅰ与下配合面Ⅰ中一个为与外凸的环形曲面相配合的内凹环形曲面。
上配合面Ⅱ与下配合面Ⅱ均为外凸的环形曲面，或，上配合面Ⅱ与下配合面Ⅱ中一个为与外凸的环形曲面相配合的斜面，或，上配合面Ⅱ与下配合面Ⅱ中一个为与外凸的环形曲面相配合的内凹环形曲面。
进一步，采用外凸的环形曲面与内凹的环形曲面相配合时，内凹的环形曲面曲率半径大于外凸的环形曲面曲率半径。
进一步，上配合面Ⅰ与下配合面Ⅰ、上配合面Ⅱ与下配合面Ⅱ上设有耐磨材料。
进一步，中间上浮动环、中间下浮动环、外圈上浮动环以及外圈下浮动环为石墨材质或陶瓷材质。
进一步，环形气函Ⅰ中连有吹压中间上浮动环的中间气函供气管。
进一步，固定短管与筒底板间留有缝隙，以使环形气函Ⅱ中的上气函Ⅱ与布料器内腔相连通；该布料器内腔中连有布料器内腔供气管。
进一步，中间迷宫环与外圈迷宫环均是由成对设置的波纹管构成。
本发明的有益效果在于：
1)本方案中的氮气密封结构在高炉内腔端增加了迷宫数量，增强了降尘和阻损效果，为布料器内腔的密封形成了第一道屏障；同时，波纹状结构的弹性也便于安装。
2)采用了上、下浮动环线接触结构，使其具有自适应功能，其接触位置始终保持接触，而且通过工作磨合，接触位置结合更加良好，进一步增强了密封效果；降低了加工难度，而且线接触结构运行时不易因尺寸误差引起卡阻。
3)浮动环的配合面采用了耐磨材料，进一步增强了上、下浮动环的使用寿命。
4)上、下浮动环通过外凸的环形曲面与斜面、内凹弧面等配合，使得接触面为斜方向接触，从而减少了接触位置的法向力，并具有自动定心作用，进一步减少摩擦力，增强了浮动环使用寿命。
5)剖分结构的浮动环便于局部安装和拆卸，不用拆除过多的结构即可进行拆装，便于设备维护。
本发明的其他优点、目标和特征在某种程度上将在随后的说明书中进行阐述，并且在某种程度上，基于对下文的考察研究对本领域技术人员而言将是显而易见的，或者可以从本发明的实践中得到教导。本发明的目标和其他优点可以通过下面的说明书来实现和获得。
附图说明
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明作优选的详细描述，其中：
图1为本方案的结构示意图；
图2为图1的A部放大图；
图3为图1的B部放大图；
图4为一种浮动环结构形式示意图；
图5为浮动环剖分结构形式示意图。
附图标记：
高炉内腔C0、布料器内腔C1、环形气函ⅠC2、环形气函ⅡC3、蛇形通道C4、蛇形通道C5、下配合面ⅠS0、上配合面ⅠS1、下配合面ⅡS3、上配合面ⅡS4、布料器内腔供气管P0、中间气函供气管P1、高炉中心轴A0；
布料器本体1、旋转筒2、中间固定筒3、密封结构Ⅰ4、密封结构Ⅱ5、固定短管6、高炉7；固定壳体101、回转支承102、中心喉管103；内圈筒体201、筒底板202、外圈筒体203；
密封结构Ⅰ中：中间迷宫环401、中间迷宫环402、中间下浮动环403、中间上浮动环404、轴肩Ⅰ405、环形缝隙Ⅰ406、上气函Ⅰ407、下气函Ⅰ408、下浮动环耐磨层409、上浮动环耐磨层410；
密封结构Ⅱ中：外圈迷宫环501、外圈迷宫环502、外圈下浮动环503、外圈上浮动环504、轴肩Ⅱ505、环形缝隙Ⅱ506、上气函Ⅱ507、下气函Ⅱ508。
具体实施方式
以下通过特定的具体实例说明本发明的实施方式，本领域技术人员可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点与功效。本发明还可以通过另外不同的具体实施方式加以实施或应用，本说明书中的各项细节也可以基于不同观点与应用，在没有背离本发明的精神下进行各种修饰或改变。需要说明的是，以下实施例中所提供的图示仅以示意方式说明本发明的基本构想，在不冲突的情况下，以下实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
其中，附图仅用于示例性说明，表示的仅是示意图，而非实物图，不能理解为对本发明的限制；为了更好地说明本发明的实施例，附图某些部件会有省略、放大或缩小，并不代表实际产品的尺寸；对本领域技术人员来说，附图中某些公知结构及其说明可能省略是可以理解的。
本发明实施例的附图中相同或相似的标号对应相同或相似的部件；在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，若有术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“前”、“后”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此附图中描述位置关系的用语仅用于示例性说明，不能理解为对本发明的限制，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语的具体含义。
如图1所示，为带有改进型氮气密封结构的高炉布料器。首选需说明的是：布料器本体1及其传动结构是现有常规结构，该布料器本体1是由固定壳体101、旋转筒2、中心喉管103、回转支承102等部分组合而成，适用于该布料器本体1的水冷技术(包括所谓的“密闭水循环系统”和“开式水循环系统”)也是公知的技术手段，故本方案中未做详细说明。其次需说明的是：本方案中对氮气密封结构的改进方式可以应用于上述的这些现有高炉布料器中。
以下将结合说明书附图对氮气密封结构的改进方式做详细说明。
该氮气密封结构改进型高炉布料器，包括高炉布料器的基本组成结构：固定壳体101、旋转筒2以及中心喉管103，其中旋转筒2通过回转支承102安装在固定壳体101的内部上方处并由该回转支承102带动其绕回转中心(该回转中心亦为高炉中心)转动，中心喉管103的上部与固定壳体101上方的中心环孔位置相固连。此处的旋转筒2主要由内圈筒体201、筒底板202以及外圈筒体203组成，其中筒底板202为环状圆盘，呈圆筒状的内圈筒体201设置在筒底板202的上端面处且位于筒底板202的内圈侧，呈圆筒状的外圈筒体203设置在筒底板202的下端面处且位于筒底板的外圈侧。需说明的是：前述的内圈侧是指筒底板202上靠近中心喉管103一侧，相对的，筒底板202的外圈侧则远离中心喉管103。
本方案中，旋转筒2内圈筒体201所对应的区域段以及外圈筒体203所对应的区域段处均采用了相同的密封结构，该结构为本方案的主要改进点。
旋转筒2内圈筒体201所对应的区域段中，中心喉管103与旋转筒2的内圈筒体201之间所形成的环形夹缝处可拆卸安装有中间固定筒3。该中间固定筒3是一个独立设置的零部件，由于回转支承102的内圈、中心喉管103以及固定壳体101均是固定件，故其可通过连接件(法兰、螺栓等)紧固在回转支承102的内圈或是中心喉管103或是固定壳体101上，从而与这些部分形成一个整体，这样不仅便于加工、安装，也有利于磨损件的更换维修。
内圈筒体201与中间固定筒3之间形成环形气函ⅠC2，中间固定筒3的外周面上设有轴肩Ⅰ405、且轴肩Ⅰ405的外周面与内圈筒体201间具有环形缝隙Ⅰ406，该轴肩Ⅰ405作为中间隔环以将环形气函ⅠC2分割成上气函Ⅰ407与下气函Ⅰ408两部分，上气函Ⅰ407与下气函Ⅰ408通过环形缝隙Ⅰ406相连通。
中间固定筒3的轴肩Ⅰ405上方套装有中间下浮动环403，中间下浮动环403上自由搁置有中间上浮动环404，中间下浮动环403上设有下配合面ⅠS0，中间上浮动环404上对应设有与下配合面ⅠS0相配合的上配合面ⅠS1，上配合面ⅠS1与下配合面ⅠS0中至少一个为外凸的环形曲面以使上下两配合面形成线接触。轴肩Ⅰ405下方的下气函Ⅰ408中设有中间迷宫环401、402。
中间下浮动环403与中间上浮动环404均具有轴向和周向运动的自由度；这样保证了其运动过程中能适应制造误差，并自适应地找到其最佳的工作位置。
此处轴肩Ⅰ405、中间下浮动环403、中间上浮动环404以及中间迷宫环401、402共同构成了内圈筒体201所对应的区域段的密封结构Ⅰ4。作为中间隔环的轴肩Ⅰ405是与中间固定筒3固连的结构，其直径比中间固定筒3大，可以是焊接在中间固定筒3上，也可以直接与中间固定筒3设计成一体式结构，即采用机加工方法去除多余部分，这样，中间固定筒3形成了径向外凸出的阶梯结构并把环形气函ⅠC2分割成上、下两部分。中间迷宫环401焊接在旋转筒2的内圈筒体201下部，中间迷宫环402焊接在中间固定筒3的下部，中间迷宫环401和中间迷宫环402是由成对设置的波纹管构成，波纹管的截面形状几乎一样，只是尺寸大小有区别，且波纹形状的波峰和波谷是一一对应的，中间迷宫环401的最小内径(波谷位置)略小于中间迷宫环402的最大外径(波峰位置)，这样使迷宫环的波纹齿状结构有互相咬合的结构，不仅具有增强降尘、增加气体阻损效果；同时还能利用波纹的弹性实现安装(安装时别过波纹峰谷位置后回弹)，工作时并不会产生干涉，而对应设置的两个波纹管在工作时形成了蛇形通道C4。
中间下浮动环403套在中间固定筒3的外圆柱面并且是间隙配合的，中间下浮动环403轴向限位是通过轴肩Ⅰ405的上表面来实现，中间下浮动环403的下表面与轴肩Ⅰ405的上表面是平面且自由接触；如图2所示，中间下浮动环403左上角是下配合面ⅠS0，该面可设置为截面为斜面的锥形环面；中间上浮动环404右下角是上配合面ⅠS1，可设置为截面为凸圆弧的环面；中间上浮动环404通过下浮动环接触面S0支撑，限制其轴向移动；中间上浮动环404外圆柱面和旋转筒内圈筒体201的内圆柱面是间隙配合的。
同样的，固定壳体101下方设有固定短管6，置于固定短管6内的外圈筒体203与固定短管6间形成环形气函ⅡC3。
外圈筒体203的外周面上设有轴肩Ⅱ505、且轴肩Ⅱ505的外周面与固定短管6间具有环形缝隙Ⅱ506，该轴肩Ⅱ505作为外圈隔环以将环形气函ⅡC3分割成上气函Ⅱ507与下气函Ⅱ508两部分，上气函Ⅱ507与下气函Ⅱ508通过环形缝隙Ⅱ506相连通。
外圈筒体203的轴肩Ⅱ505上方套装有外圈下浮动环503，外圈下浮动环503上自由搁置有外圈上浮动环504，外圈下浮动环503上设有下配合面ⅡS3，外圈上浮动环504上对应设有与下配合面ⅡS3相配合的上配合面ⅡS4，上配合面ⅡS4与下配合面ⅡS3中至少一个为外凸的环形曲面以使上下两配合面形成线接触。轴肩Ⅱ505下方的下气函Ⅱ508中设有外圈迷宫环501、502。
外圈筒体203所对应的区域段处的密封结构Ⅱ5与密封结构Ⅰ4的结构组成相同，该密封结构Ⅱ5是由轴肩Ⅱ505、、外圈下浮动环503、外圈上浮动环504以及外圈迷宫环501、502共同构成。固定短管6焊接在固定壳体101的下法兰位置，旋转筒2的外圈筒体203焊接或采用螺栓连接在筒底板202的下表面；作为外圈隔环凡人轴肩Ⅱ505是与外圈筒体203相固连的结构，其直径比外圈筒体203大，可以采用焊接或者与外圈筒体203设置为一体。这样，外圈筒体203形成了径向外凸出的阶梯结构并把环形气函ⅡC3分割成上下两部分；如图1、图3所示，密封结构Ⅱ5的其余部分与密封结构Ⅰ4是类似的，在此不再赘述。
优选的，环形气函ⅠC2中，上气函Ⅰ407的环宽大于下气函Ⅰ408的环宽，下气函Ⅰ408的环宽大于环形缝隙Ⅰ406的环宽；同样的，环形气函ⅡC3中，上气函Ⅱ507的环宽大于下气函Ⅱ508的环宽，下气函Ⅱ508的环宽大于环形缝隙Ⅱ506的环宽。
两个相配合的浮动环有几种结构形式，对于中间下浮动环403与中间上浮动环404而言，一种是上配合面ⅠS1与下配合面ⅠS0均为外凸的环形曲面；一种是上配合面ⅠS1与下配合面ⅠS0中一个为外凸的环形曲面，另一个为与外凸的环形曲面相配合的斜面(即锥形环面)；另一种是上配合面ⅠS1与下配合面ⅠS0中一个为外凸的环形曲面，另一个为与外凸的环形曲 面相配合的内凹环形曲面。对于外圈下浮动环503与外圈上浮动环504而言，也是包括以上几种情况，即上配合面ⅡS4与下配合面ⅡS3均为外凸的环形曲面，或，上配合面ⅡS4与下配合面ⅡS3中一个为与外凸的环形曲面相配合的斜面，或，上配合面ⅡS4与下配合面ⅡS3中一个为与外凸的环形曲面相配合的内凹环形曲面。需要说明的是：采用外凸的环形曲面与内凹的环形曲面相配合时，其内凹的环形曲面曲率半径应大于外凸的环形曲面曲率半径，这样才能实现线接触。
作为上述方案的进一步优化，上配合面ⅠS1与下配合面ⅠS0、上配合面ⅡS4与下配合面ⅡS3上设有耐磨材料。将浮动环的相互接触面设置成耐磨材质，或是在接触面局部位置环面嵌填耐磨层，亦或浮动环整体或局部采用耐磨材质，都可以极大的延长浮动环的使用寿命。在此特别提出的石墨材质是一种优选方案，其他材质例如陶瓷材料也是允许的，在材料选择上，除其制造加工便利性需考虑外，该材料还应具有耐受高温和热变形小的特性。
图4所示的即是一种浮动环结构形式，该中间下浮动环403的下配合面ⅠS0上接触线附近嵌填下浮动环耐磨层409，该下浮动环耐磨层409可以是在下配合面ⅠS0上加工环形槽、然后堆焊硬质合金而成。同样地，在中间上浮动环404的上配合面ⅠS1上加工环形槽，再堆焊硬质合金，即可形成上浮动环耐磨层410。
在本应用场景，可以充分利用到石墨耐高温、耐磨、自润滑和易于加工的特性。陶瓷材料也是一种优秀的备选材料，在应用中需要考虑陶瓷易碎特点。随着未来材料技术发展，其他满足耐高温、耐磨的材料都可作为上下浮动环的备选材料。
该高炉布料器还配合有其他设备，其中，在布料器本体1的固定壳体101上设置有与布料器内腔C1连通的布料器内腔供气管P0，筒底板202的下表面与固定短管6的上端面之间具有窄的缝隙，布料器内腔C1通过该缝隙与环形气函ⅡC3的上气函Ⅱ507联通。同时，在布料器本体1的固定壳体101上还设置有另一供气管，即中间气函供气管P1。固定壳体101的上方板与中间固定筒3有气通道并相互联通，该气通道外端与中间气函供气管P1连通，内端与环形气函ⅠC2的上气函Ⅰ407联通，实现了中间气函供气管P1接入环形气函ⅠC2中，即可吹压中间上浮动环404。
为了拆装方便，作为优化，中间上浮动环404、中间下浮动环403、外圈上浮动环504以及外圈下浮动环503可以是剖分结构形式，如图5所示。即(浮动环)在直径方向剖分成两半，工作时通过螺栓和(或)定位销连接，装拆时通过操作局部的螺栓和(或)定位销实现。通过在浮动环上表面或下表面挖去一个足够螺栓和(或)销连接的局部槽形结构即可实现连接件安装。
作为优化，在各浮动环的配合面(S0，S1，S3，S4)位置设置润滑剂也是可行的，润滑剂提供通道可以采用与气通道(P0，P1)类似的结构分别输送到环形气函(C2，C3)中的上、下浮动环配合面位置。
下面对采用本实施例氮气密封结构的具体实施方式作详细说明。
1)密封结构Ⅰ4设置在环形气函ⅠC2处，通过轴肩Ⅰ405分为上下两部分，其中上气函Ⅰ407部分安装下浮动环耐磨层409与上浮动环耐磨层410，下气函Ⅰ408部分安装中间迷宫环401；密封结构Ⅱ5设置在环形气函ⅡC3位置，具体结构形式与密封结构Ⅰ4类似。
2)布料器工作时，环形气函ⅠC2和环形气函ⅡC3分别通有来自中间气函供气管P1和布料器内腔供气管P0的氮气，并保持氮气压力高于高炉内腔压力。
3)布料器工作初期，旋转筒会发生转动，中间上浮动环404和(或)外圈下浮动环503可能会随旋转筒一起转动，由于加工尺寸误差，转动到一定位置后可能会发生周向卡阻，使浮动环处于周向相对固定位置，这时，通过与中间下浮动环403以及外圈上浮动环504上配合面相对滑动实现运动，由于中间上浮动环404、外圈上浮动环504还可轴向自由浮动，所以始终不会引起卡阻，并且由于氮气压力和重力作用，上下浮动环始终保持接触。
4)如果中间上浮动环404与外圈上浮动环504的外圈圆柱面与其相对的壁面(内圈筒体201内壁面、固定短管6内壁面)因为加工尺寸精度和同心度很好，使其具有较小的配合间隙(优选该配合间隙始终保持)，这样上、下浮动环在工作中均不会存在滑动磨损，相对静止的在旋转筒或者隔环上，通过这样小的缝隙也能大大提高氮气密封效果，降低氮气消耗。
5)如果密封结构Ⅰ4、密封结构Ⅱ5中的上、下浮动环按上述第3)点方式运行，随着布料器的工作，上、下浮动环的配合面相互磨合，即可实现更紧密的贴合，而通过相互磨合配合面也更加光滑。
6)如果密封结构Ⅰ4、密封结构Ⅱ5中的上、下浮动环按上述第4)点方式运行，有可能因长期工作热变形引起浮动环的周向卡阻，这时上、下浮动环又会自动按照上述第3)点描述的方式运行，进而向第5)点描述的方式发展。
7)工作时，当高炉内腔C0粉尘和气压通向环形气函ⅠC2、环形气函ⅡC3时，通过迷宫结构即可阻止粉尘并降低气压。
8)当高炉7气压如因异常情况突然升高时，有可能顶起中间上浮动环404、外圈上浮动环504，这时由于高炉内腔C0与布料器内腔C1气压相通，中间上浮动环404、外圈上浮动环504即可因重力迅速落回原位。
总的来说，该氮气密封结构在整体结构上分为两个功能区域，其中靠高炉的下侧位置设 置迷宫结构不仅可起到防尘、降尘作用，还能增加炉内煤气压力阻损，为上部浮动环密封提供有利条件；而在靠布料器的上侧位置设置相配合的浮动环，它们能在运行过程中通过自适应始终保持接触，通过相互磨合还能够达到更加紧密的结合，而且这样的结构不需要高精度的制造成本；通过保持上部压力高于高炉压力，即可保证浮动环具有一定密封压紧力，以达到更好的密封效果。浮动环结构与迷宫结构是相互保护的，浮动环密封泄漏少，减少了高炉内腔与布料器内腔窜气情况，从而减少了煤气对迷宫的磨损，而迷宫结构又能降尘、减压，其又作为浮动环密封的前端保护。
最后说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本技术方案的宗旨和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种氮气密封结构改进型高炉布料器，包括固定壳体、旋转筒以及中心喉管，旋转筒通过回转支承安装在固定壳体的内部上方处并由该回转支承带动其绕回转中心转动，中心喉管的上部与固定壳体上方的中心环孔位置相固连；旋转筒主要由内圈筒体、筒底板以及外圈筒体组成，其中筒底板为环状圆盘，呈圆筒状的内圈筒体设置在筒底板的上端面处且位于筒底板的内圈侧，呈圆筒状的外圈筒体设置在筒底板的下端面处且位于筒底板的外圈侧；其特征在于：
    中心喉管与旋转筒的内圈筒体之间所形成的环形夹缝处可拆卸安装有中间固定筒；
    内圈筒体与中间固定筒之间形成环形气函Ⅰ，中间固定筒的外周面上设有轴肩Ⅰ、且轴肩Ⅰ的外周面与内圈筒体间具有环形缝隙Ⅰ，该轴肩Ⅰ作为中间隔环以将环形气函Ⅰ分割成上气函Ⅰ与下气函Ⅰ两部分，上气函Ⅰ与下气函Ⅰ通过环形缝隙Ⅰ相连通；
    中间固定筒的轴肩Ⅰ上方套装有中间下浮动环，中间下浮动环上自由搁置有中间上浮动环，中间下浮动环上设有下配合面Ⅰ，中间上浮动环上对应设有与下配合面Ⅰ相配合的上配合面Ⅰ，上配合面Ⅰ与下配合面Ⅰ中至少一个为外凸的环形曲面以使上下两配合面形成线接触；
    轴肩Ⅰ下方的下气函Ⅰ中设有中间迷宫环；
    固定壳体下方设有固定短管，置于固定短管内的外圈筒体与固定短管间形成环形气函Ⅱ；
    外圈筒体的外周面上设有轴肩Ⅱ、且轴肩Ⅱ的外周面与固定短管间具有环形缝隙Ⅱ，该轴肩Ⅱ作为外圈隔环以将环形气函Ⅱ分割成上气函Ⅱ与下气函Ⅱ两部分，上气函Ⅱ与下气函Ⅱ通过环形缝隙Ⅱ相连通；
    外圈筒体的轴肩Ⅱ上方套装有外圈下浮动环，外圈下浮动环上自由搁置有外圈上浮动环，外圈下浮动环上设有下配合面Ⅱ，外圈上浮动环上对应设有与下配合面Ⅱ相配合的上配合面Ⅱ，上配合面Ⅱ与下配合面Ⅱ中至少一个为外凸的环形曲面以使上下两配合面形成线接触；
    轴肩Ⅱ下方的下气函Ⅱ中设有外圈迷宫环。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的氮气密封结构改进型高炉布料器，其特征在于：该中间固定筒通过连接件紧固在回转支承或中心喉管或固定壳体上。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的氮气密封结构改进型高炉布料器，其特征在于：环形气函Ⅰ中，上气函Ⅰ的环宽大于下气函Ⅰ的环宽，下气函Ⅰ的环宽大于环形缝隙Ⅰ的环宽；环形气函Ⅱ中，上气函Ⅱ的环宽大于下气函Ⅱ的环宽，下气函Ⅱ的环宽大于环形缝隙Ⅱ的环宽。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的氮气密封结构改进型高炉布料器，其特征在于：上配合面Ⅰ与下配合面Ⅰ均为外凸的环形曲面，或，上配合面Ⅰ与下配合面Ⅰ中一个为与外凸的环形曲面 相配合的斜面，或，上配合面Ⅰ与下配合面Ⅰ中一个为与外凸的环形曲面相配合的内凹环形曲面；
    上配合面Ⅱ与下配合面Ⅱ均为外凸的环形曲面，或，上配合面Ⅱ与下配合面Ⅱ中一个为与外凸的环形曲面相配合的斜面，或，上配合面Ⅱ与下配合面Ⅱ中一个为与外凸的环形曲面相配合的内凹环形曲面。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的氮气密封结构改进型高炉布料器，其特征在于：采用外凸的环形曲面与内凹的环形曲面相配合时，内凹的环形曲面曲率半径大于外凸的环形曲面曲率半径。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的氮气密封结构改进型高炉布料器，其特征在于：上配合面Ⅰ与下配合面Ⅰ、上配合面Ⅱ与下配合面Ⅱ上设有耐磨材料。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的氮气密封结构改进型高炉布料器，其特征在于：中间上浮动环、中间下浮动环、外圈上浮动环以及外圈下浮动环为石墨材质或陶瓷材质。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的氮气密封结构改进型高炉布料器，其特征在于：环形气函Ⅰ中连有吹压中间上浮动环的中间气函供气管。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的氮气密封结构改进型高炉布料器，其特征在于：固定短管与筒底板间留有缝隙，以使环形气函Ⅱ中的上气函Ⅱ与布料器内腔相连通；该布料器内腔中连有布料器内腔供气管。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的氮气密封结构改进型高炉布料器，其特征在于：中间迷宫环与外圈迷宫环均是由成对设置的波纹管构成。
PCT/CN2021/120566 2020-12-08 2021-09-26 氮气密封结构改进型高炉布料器 WO2022121448A1 (zh)

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CN203754734U (zh) * 2014-01-21 2014-08-06 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 一种用于布料器的双槽密封系统
CN112553394A (zh) * 2020-12-08 2021-03-26 中冶赛迪技术研究中心有限公司 氮气密封结构改进型高炉布料器

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CN112553394A (zh) * 2020-12-08 2021-03-26 中冶赛迪技术研究中心有限公司 氮气密封结构改进型高炉布料器

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