WO2022118922A1 - シリコン単結晶の育成方法 - Google Patents
シリコン単結晶の育成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022118922A1 WO2022118922A1 PCT/JP2021/044306 JP2021044306W WO2022118922A1 WO 2022118922 A1 WO2022118922 A1 WO 2022118922A1 JP 2021044306 W JP2021044306 W JP 2021044306W WO 2022118922 A1 WO2022118922 A1 WO 2022118922A1
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- single crystal
- silicon single
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 152
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 230000010261 cell growth Effects 0.000 description 34
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical group [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002296 pyrolytic carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940095676 wafer product Drugs 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B15/00—Single-crystal growth by pulling from a melt, e.g. Czochralski method
- C30B15/20—Controlling or regulating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B15/00—Single-crystal growth by pulling from a melt, e.g. Czochralski method
- C30B15/02—Single-crystal growth by pulling from a melt, e.g. Czochralski method adding crystallising materials or reactants forming it in situ to the melt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B15/00—Single-crystal growth by pulling from a melt, e.g. Czochralski method
- C30B15/02—Single-crystal growth by pulling from a melt, e.g. Czochralski method adding crystallising materials or reactants forming it in situ to the melt
- C30B15/04—Single-crystal growth by pulling from a melt, e.g. Czochralski method adding crystallising materials or reactants forming it in situ to the melt adding doping materials, e.g. for n-p-junction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/02—Elements
- C30B29/06—Silicon
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for growing a silicon single crystal.
- CZ method when growing a silicon single crystal using the Czochralski method (hereinafter abbreviated as "CZ method"), red phosphorus (P), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), etc. are added to the silicon melt.
- a method for growing a silicon single crystal having a low electric resistance by adding a volatile dopant of the above to a high concentration is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- compositional supercooling The conditions for the occurrence of compositional supercooling are formulated as in the following mathematical formula (1).
- compositional supercooling occurs, the region away from the solid-liquid interface is supercooled more than the solid-liquid interface, and the solidification rate is also faster in this region. If slight irregularities are formed on the solid-liquid interface in such a state, the convex portions will grow crystals faster, and the slight irregularities will be amplified and abnormal growth such as Cell growth will occur. When abnormal growth occurs, the single crystal becomes dislocated and a wafer product cannot be obtained.
- G / V the value obtained by raising the temperature gradient G of the melt under solid-liquid interface and dividing by the speed V
- V the left side of the equation (1)
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for determining the critical pulling speed so as to slow the pulling speed V in order to suppress dislocation, but if the pulling speed V is lowered too much, a silicon single crystal is disclosed. There was a problem that the electrical resistivity of the was increased.
- the pulling condition when setting the pulling condition for suppressing the occurrence of abnormal growth, the pulling condition can be set more quickly and without increasing the electrical resistivity (hereinafter, simply referred to as the resistivity) of the silicon single crystal. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for growing a silicon single crystal that can be set.
- the CV value which is the product of the dopant concentration C and the pulling speed V, is used as an index for determining the growth condition.
- the reason (mechanism) for using the CV value as an index for determining the growth conditions will be described.
- the method for growing a silicon single crystal of the present invention is a method for growing a silicon single crystal by pulling up and growing the silicon single crystal from a dopant-added melt in which a dopant is added to the silicon melt by the Chokralsky method.
- the critical CV value which is the product of the dopant concentration C and the pulling speed V at the time when abnormal growth occurs in the silicon single crystal, is calculated, and the CV value, which is the product of the dopant concentration C and the pulling speed V at the time point, is the critical CV value. At least one of the dopant concentration C and the pulling speed V is controlled so as to be less than the above, and the silicon single crystal is grown.
- the pulling speed profile and the crystal axis direction are set so as to be lower than the critical CV value calculation step for calculating the critical CV value and the critical CV value calculated in the critical CV value calculation step. It may have a pull-up condition resetting step, which resets at least one of the resistivity profiles of the above.
- the critical CV value calculation step After the critical CV value calculation step and before the raising condition resetting step, and does not exceed the critical CV value at the time point. It may have a target CV value profile creation step of creating a target CV value profile using the target CV value.
- a modified pulling speed profile configured by a pulling speed corresponding to the target CV value profile may be created.
- a modified resistivity profile composed of the resistivity corresponding to the target CV value profile may be created.
- the dopant concentration C is the dopant concentration in the silicon single crystal
- the dopant concentration in the silicon single crystal is the dopant concentration in the silicon single crystal and the resistance of the silicon single crystal. It may be calculated from the resistance value of the silicon single crystal using the relational expression with the rate.
- the relational expression may be an Irvine curve.
- the CV value as an index for setting the raising condition, it is possible to set the raising condition more quickly and without increasing the resistivity of the silicon single crystal.
- the method for growing a silicon single crystal of the present invention is characterized in that the pulling conditions are reset based on the actual results when the abnormal growth occurs in order to suppress the occurrence of the abnormal growth during the pulling of the silicon single crystal. ..
- the CV value which is the product of the dopant concentration C and the pulling speed V, is used as an index when setting the pulling condition. It is characterized by.
- the resistivity when the dopant is red phosphorus, the resistivity is 1.3 m ⁇ ⁇ cm or less, when the dopant is arsenic, the resistivity is 2.6 m ⁇ ⁇ cm or less, and when the dopant is antimony, the resistivity.
- the rate is 20 m ⁇ ⁇ cm or less and the dopant is boron, it is suitable for growing a silicon single crystal having a resistivity of 1.3 m ⁇ ⁇ cm or less and a very low resistance.
- FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of the configuration of a semiconductor crystal manufacturing apparatus 10 to which the method for growing a silicon single crystal according to the embodiment of the present invention is applied.
- the semiconductor crystal manufacturing apparatus 10 manufactures a silicon single crystal 1 by using the CZ method.
- the semiconductor crystal manufacturing apparatus 10 includes an apparatus main body 11, a memory 12, and a control unit 13.
- the apparatus main body 11 includes a chamber 21, a crucible 22, a heater 23, a pulling portion 24, a heat shield 25, a heat insulating material 26, and a crucible driving portion 27.
- a dopant-added melt MD in which a dopant is added to the silicon melt is charged into the crucible 22.
- the chamber 21 includes a main chamber 31 and a pull chamber 32 connected to the upper part of the main chamber 31.
- a gas introduction port 33A for introducing an inert gas such as argon (Ar) gas into the chamber 21 is provided above the pull chamber 32.
- a gas exhaust port 33B for discharging gas in the chamber 21 by driving a vacuum pump (not shown) is provided in the lower part of the main chamber 31.
- the inert gas introduced into the chamber 21 from the gas introduction port 33A descends between the growing silicon single crystal 1 and the heat shield 25, and the lower end of the heat shield 25 and the liquid of the dopant-added melt MD. After passing through the gap with the surface, it flows between the heat shield 25 and the inner wall of the crucible 22 and further toward the outside of the crucible 22, then descends the outside of the crucible 22 and is discharged from the gas exhaust port 33B.
- the crucible 22 is arranged in the main chamber 31 and stores the dopant-added melt MD.
- the crucible 22 includes a support crucible 41, a quartz crucible 42 housed in the support crucible 41, and a graphite sheet 43 inserted between the support crucible 41 and the quartz crucible 42.
- the graphite sheet 43 may not be provided.
- the support crucible 41 is composed of, for example, graphite or carbon fiber reinforced carbon.
- the support crucible 41 may be subjected to, for example, a silicon carbide (SiC) surface treatment or a pyrolytic carbon coating treatment.
- the quartz crucible 42 contains silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) as a main component.
- the graphite sheet 43 is made of expanded graphite, for example.
- the heater 23 is arranged on the outside of the crucible 22 at predetermined intervals to heat the dopant-added melt MD in the crucible 22.
- the pulling section 24 includes a cable 51 to which the seed crystal 2 is attached to one end, and a pulling drive section 52 that raises and lowers and rotates the cable 51.
- At least the surface of the heat shield 25 is made of carbon material.
- the heat shield 25 is provided so as to surround the silicon single crystal 1 when the silicon single crystal 1 is manufactured.
- the heat shield 25 blocks the radiant heat from the dopant-added melt MD in the ⁇ ⁇ 22, the heater 23, and the side wall of the ⁇ ⁇ 22 to the growing silicon single crystal 1, and also blocks the radiant heat from the side wall of the ⁇ ⁇ 22 and is a solid-liquid interface which is a crystal growth interface. In the vicinity of, the heat diffusion to the outside is suppressed, and the temperature gradient in the pulling axial direction of the central portion and the outer peripheral portion of the silicon single crystal 1 is controlled.
- the heat insulating material 26 has a substantially cylindrical shape and is composed of a carbon member (for example, graphite).
- the heat insulating material 26 is arranged on the outside of the heater 23 at predetermined intervals.
- the crucible drive unit 27 includes a support shaft 53 that supports the crucible 22 from below, and rotates and raises and lowers the crucible 22 at a predetermined speed.
- the memory 12 is necessary for manufacturing the silicon single crystal 1, such as the gas flow rate and furnace pressure of Ar gas in the chamber 21, the electric power supplied to the heater 23, the rotation speed of the crucible 22 and the silicon single crystal 1, and the position of the crucible 22. It remembers various information. Further, the memory 12 stores, for example, a resistivity profile and a pulling speed profile.
- the control unit 13 controls each unit based on various information stored in the memory 12 and the operation of the operator to manufacture the silicon single crystal 1.
- the method for growing a silicon single crystal includes a pulling condition setting step S1, a single crystal growing step S2, an abnormal growth determination step S3, a critical CV value calculation step S4, and a target CV value profile. It has a production step S5, a pulling condition resetting step S6, and a modified single crystal growing step S7, and the steps are executed in the above order.
- the pulling condition setting step S1 includes a resistivity profile creating step S1A and a pulling speed profile creating step S1B.
- the pulling condition includes at least one of a pulling speed profile which is a planned pulling speed and a resistivity profile which is a planned resistivity in the crystal axis direction.
- the resistivity distribution in the crystal axis direction changes due to a change in the resistivity inside the furnace or the flow rate of the inert gas flowing into the furnace, the change in the resistivity inside the furnace or the flow rate of the inert gas is included in the change of the resistivity profile.
- the resistivity profile creation step S1A is a step of creating a resistivity profile based on the target resistance value.
- FIG. 3 is an example of a resistivity profile created when a silicon single crystal is produced by the method for growing a silicon single crystal according to the present embodiment.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 3 is the solidification rate (%), and the vertical axis is the resistivity.
- the solidification rate is the ratio of the lifted weight of the silicon single crystal to the amount of the silicon raw material put into the crucible.
- the resistivity profile is created based on the target resistance value in the straight body portion of the silicon single crystal 1.
- the target resistivity of the straight body portion of the silicon single crystal 1 can be 0.5 m ⁇ ⁇ cm or more and 1.3 m ⁇ ⁇ cm or less when the dopant is red phosphorus.
- Such a silicon single crystal having a resistivity is called an ultra-low resistivity silicon single crystal.
- the resistance profile is, for example, the dopant concentration in the dopant-added melt MD at the start of pulling up the silicon single crystal 1, and the dopant concentration in the dopant-added melt MD due to the evaporation of the dopant from the dopant-added melt MD. It can be obtained by calculation prior to the pulling up of the silicon single crystal 1 in consideration of the decrease and the rise in the dopant concentration in the dopant-added melt MD due to the segregation phenomenon accompanying the pulling up of the silicon single crystal 1.
- the resistance distribution in the longitudinal direction of the silicon single crystal 1 pulled up based on the resistance profile obtained by the above calculation is measured, and the measurement result is fed back to the calculation of the resistance profile to obtain the resistance profile.
- the calculation accuracy can be improved.
- the pull-up speed profile creation step S1B is a step of creating a pull-up speed profile based on the resistivity profile created in the resistivity profile creation step S1A.
- the pulling speed profile contains information on the target pulling speed to be obtained in the straight body of the silicon single crystal 1.
- FIG. 4 is an example of a pulling speed profile created when a silicon single crystal is produced by the method for growing a silicon single crystal according to the present embodiment.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 4 is the solidification rate (%), and the vertical axis is the pulling speed.
- the pulling speed profile can be created by setting, for example, 8 points of pulling speed with respect to the length of the straight body portion.
- the pulling speed is set relatively high up to a solidification rate of 40%, and the pulling speed is set to gradually slow down as the straight body length increases (as the solidification rate increases). Has been done.
- the resistance profile and the pulling speed profile are created, and the manufacturing conditions of the silicon single crystal 1, for example, the oxygen concentration in the silicon single crystal 1, the gas flow rate of Ar gas, the pressure in the furnace, the crucible 22 and silicon. Manufacturing conditions such as the number of rotations of the single crystal 1 and the position of the crucible 22 are set.
- the control unit 13 stores the set pull-up conditions and the like in the memory 12.
- the control unit 13 reads out the pulling speed profile and the like from the memory 12, and executes each step based on them.
- control unit 13 first controls a power supply device (not shown) that supplies electric power to the heater 23, and heats the crucible 22 to melt the silicon raw material and the dopant in the crucible 22. A dopant-added melt MD is produced.
- control unit 13 introduces Ar gas into the chamber 21 from the gas introduction port 33A at a predetermined flow rate, controls a vacuum pump (not shown), and discharges the gas in the chamber 21 from the gas exhaust port 33B. Thereby, the pressure in the chamber 21 is reduced, and the inside of the chamber 21 is maintained in the inert atmosphere under the reduced pressure.
- control unit 13 controls the pull-up drive unit 52 and lowers the cable 51 to cause the seed crystal 2 to land on the dopant-added melt MD.
- control unit 13 controls the crucible drive unit 27, rotates the crucible 22 in a predetermined direction, controls the pull-up drive unit 52, rotates the cable 51 in a predetermined direction, and pulls up the cable 51.
- the silicon single crystal 1 is grown. Specifically, the silicon single crystal 1 is grown in the order of the neck portion 3, the shoulder portion, the straight body portion, and the tail portion.
- control unit 13 controls the pull-up drive unit 52 to separate the tail portion of the silicon single crystal 1 from the dopant-added melt MD.
- control unit 13 controls the pull-up drive unit 52, and while further pulling up the cable 51, cools the silicon single crystal 1 separated from the dopant-added melt MD.
- the silicon single crystal 1 is taken out from the pull chamber 32.
- the abnormal growth determination step S3 is a step of determining whether or not Cell growth has occurred in the taken out silicon single crystal 1.
- a phenomenon occurs in which the silicon melt locally solidifies into a dendritic shape at the growth surface of the silicon single crystal, that is, at the solid-liquid interface where the silicon melt in the pit solidifies and crystallizes. Silicon single crystals are easily polycrystallized. Therefore, whether or not Cell growth has occurred in the silicon single crystal 1 is determined by, for example, by vertically dividing the crystal near the occurrence of dislocation, subjecting the vertically divided surface to selective etching, and then using an optical microscope. It can be judged by observing at the magnification of. At the location where Cell growth occurs, a linear polycrystal region slightly expanding in the growth direction is observed.
- the process returns to the pulling condition setting step S1 and the production of the silicon single crystal 1 is continued.
- the pulling condition setting step S1 the resistivity profile or the like may be recreated, or the silicon single crystal 1 may be continuously manufactured with the same profile.
- the production of the silicon single crystal 1 may be continued without replacing the crucible 22.
- the CV value (critical CV value), which is the product of the dopant concentration C at the time when Cell growth occurs and the pulling speed V, is calculated, and the critical CV is connected by connecting a plurality of critical CV values with a line.
- the "time point” here has the literal meaning of "at that time”.
- the "time point” can be expressed by the solidification rate. For example, when Cell growth occurs at a solidification rate of X%, the calculated critical CV value is the critical CV value at the time of solidification rate of X%.
- the time point at which Cell growth occurred means the time point at which the crystal site where Cell growth occurred was a solid-liquid interface where the melt in the pit solidified and crystallized during crystal growth, and was defined as the critical CV value.
- a plurality of critical CV values are calculated in the length direction of the silicon single crystal 1. The number of critical CV values to be calculated can be appropriately changed according to the length of the straight body portion and the position where Cell growth has occurred. Further, in the critical CV value calculation step S4, the position where Cell growth occurs is also recorded.
- Dopant concentration C is the dopant concentration in the silicon single crystal.
- the dopant concentration in the silicon single crystal 1 can be calculated from the resistance value of the silicon single crystal by using the relational expression between the dopant concentration in the silicon single crystal and the resistance of the silicon single crystal. As the above relational expression, an Irvin curve, an ASTM standard F723, or the like can be adopted.
- the resistivity in the silicon single crystal 1 is measured in an ingot state before the outer circumference of the taken out silicon single crystal 1 is ground and the block is divided.
- the resistivity in the silicon single crystal 1 may be measured in a block state after the ingot is divided into blocks, or a sample may be cut out and measured.
- a method for measuring the resistivity for example, a four-probe method can be used.
- the dopant concentration C can be calculated as 7.4 ⁇ 10 19 atoms / cm 3 .
- an example of obtaining the dopant concentration C constituting the critical CV value will be described.
- the dopant concentration C that constitutes the critical CV value first, a sample is cut out from the crystal, the resistance is measured at the location where Cell growth occurs by the 4-probe method, and the impurity concentration in the crystal and the resistance of the crystal are measured. Calculated from the measured resistance using the relational expression.
- the method for obtaining the dopant concentration C in the silicon single crystal is not limited to this, and for example, if it can be measured directly from the silicon single crystal 1, it may be measured directly. Further, the dopant concentration C is not limited to the dopant concentration in the silicon single crystal 1, and may refer to the dopant concentration in the dopant-added melt MD.
- the pulling speed V can be calculated from the pulling speed profile.
- the pulling speed V is not limited to the calculation from the pulling speed profile, and the actually measured pulling speed may be used. In the case of actual measurement, the pulling speed may be a momentary speed or an average value including the time before and after. Therefore, the pulling speed V constituting the critical CV value can be obtained by grasping the pulling speed at the time when Cell growth occurs from the pulling speed profile or the pulling speed data recorded at the time of crystal growth.
- FIG. 5 is an example of a graph in which CV values are plotted with the horizontal axis as the solidification rate (%) and the vertical axis as the CV value.
- the critical CV value profile is shown by the solid line.
- the critical CV value shown by the solid line is the CV value when Cell growth occurs. In the example shown in FIG. 5, it can be seen that the critical CV value gradually decreases from 6.5 ⁇ 10 19 .
- the target CV value profile creation step S5 creates a target CV value profile using a plurality of target CV values (target CV values) that do not exceed the plurality of critical CV values calculated in the critical CV value calculation step S4. It is a process to do. Specifically, a target CV value profile is planned so that the CV value becomes smaller than the actual value of the critical CV value in which Cell growth occurs.
- FIG. 5 shows the target CV value profile by a alternate long and short dash line.
- the target CV value profile can be created so that the target CV value is, for example, a CV value smaller than 90% of the critical CV value in which Cell growth occurs.
- the target CV value When the target CV value is 90% or more of the critical CV value, the CV value temporarily becomes the critical CV value when the dopant concentration fluctuates near the interface between the crystal and the melt or the crystal growth rate fluctuates. When it reaches, Cell growth of a single crystal may occur and dislocation may occur. On the contrary, when the dopant concentration does not fluctuate near the interface between the crystal and the melt and the crystal growth rate does not fluctuate, the target CV value can be 90% or more of the critical CV value.
- the target CV value profile is preferably a CV value such that the target CV value constituting the target CV value profile is 50% or more of the critical CV value. If the target CV value is less than 50% of the critical CV value, the productivity is significantly lowered, for example, when the pulling speed V is adjusted, which is not preferable.
- the target CV value profile is more preferably a CV value such that the target CV value is 80% or more of the critical CV value.
- the target CV value profile is an example, and may be a target CV value profile composed of a smaller CV value with an emphasis on suppressing the occurrence of Cell growth.
- the inventors examined a method for predicting the critical point of Cell growth generation in order to suppress the generation of Cell growth when the silicon single crystal 1 was pulled up. Then, as a method for predicting the critical point of the occurrence of Cell growth, a method using the critical CV value at the time of the occurrence of Cell growth as an index was found. That is, considering that the critical CV value is an index for setting the pulling condition for suppressing the occurrence of Cell growth, at least one of the pulling speed profile and the resistivity profile may be reset using a plurality of critical CV values. I thought.
- a modified pull-up speed profile composed of the pull-up speed V corresponding to the target CV value profile created in the target CV value profile creation step S5 is created.
- the resistivity profile is the same as the resistivity profile created in the resistivity profile creation step S1A, while the pulling speed V is reduced in order to correspond to the target CV value smaller than the critical CV value. Create a speed profile.
- the target CV value at a position with a solidification rate of 20% is 5 ⁇ 10 19
- the dopant concentration C based on the resistivity at that position is 7.4 ⁇ 10.
- the pulling speed can be calculated as 0.68 mm / min.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of the modified pull-up speed profile modified based on the target CV value profile by the alternate long and short dash line.
- the resistivity profile does not necessarily have to be the same as the resistivity profile created in the resistivity profile creation step S1A, and may be modified based on the actual results in order to suppress the occurrence of Cell growth. That is, in the pulling condition resetting step S6, a modified resistivity profile configured by the resistivity corresponding to the target CV value profile may be created. In other words, in this embodiment, the modified pull-up speed profile is created based on the target CV value profile in the pull-up condition resetting step S6, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the target CV is created in the pull-up condition resetting step S6.
- the resistivity profile may be modified based on the value profile.
- the dopant concentration C is corrected by modifying the target CV value profile. That is, at least one of the dopant concentration C and the pulling speed V may be controlled so that the CV value is lower than the critical CV value.
- the silicon single crystal is pulled up by the same method as in the single crystal growing step S2.
- the temperature gradient G of the melt under the solid-liquid interface needs to be referred to more quickly than the conventional method. Raising conditions can be set.
- the raising condition can be set without increasing the resistivity of the silicon single crystal 1.
- the dopant concentration C constituting the CV value can be calculated from the resistance value of the silicon single crystal 1 and the Irvine curve, it is possible to calculate the pulling speed V more accurately from the CV value, and the pulling speed V may be lowered too much. do not have. As a result, it is possible to suppress an increase in the resistivity of the silicon single crystal due to the pulling speed V being lowered too much.
- the resistivity profile and the like are created in correspondence with the solidification rate of the silicon single crystal, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- it may correspond to the position in the longitudinal direction of the silicon single crystal, or the start position of the straight body portion may be set to 0% and the end position of the straight body portion may be set to 100%.
- the product of the electrical resistivity and the pulling speed may be used instead of the CV value which is the product of the dopant concentration C and the pulling speed V. Included in the present invention.
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Abstract
Description
前記関係式は、アービンカーブであってよい。
図1は、本発明の実施形態に係るシリコン単結晶の育成方法を適用した半導体結晶製造装置10の構成の一例を示す概念図である。半導体結晶製造装置10は、CZ法を用いてシリコン単結晶1を製造する。
次に、本発明の実施形態のシリコン単結晶の育成方法の一例について、図2に示すフローチャートを参照して説明する。本実施形態では、製品直径が200mmであるシリコン単結晶1を製造する場合について例示するが、製品直径はこれに限ることはない。
また、添加する揮発性のドーパントとしては、例えば、赤リン(P)、ヒ素(As)およびアンチモン(Sb)が挙げられるが、これに限ることはない。
従って、シリコン単結晶1にCell成長が発生しているか否かは、例えば、有転位化発生付近の結晶を縦割りして、縦割りした面に選択エッチングを施した後、光学顕微鏡により50倍の倍率で観察することによって判定することができる。Cell成長が生じた箇所では、略成長方向にやや拡がる線状の多結晶領域が観察される。
ここで、Cell成長が発生した時点とは、Cell成長が発生した結晶部位が、結晶育成時に坩堝内融液が凝固して結晶化する固液界面であった時点を意味し、臨界CV値とは、Cell成長が発生した結晶部位が、結晶育成時に坩堝内融液が凝固して結晶化する固液界面であった時点におけるドーパント濃度Cおよび引き上げ速度Vの積である。
臨界CV値は、シリコン単結晶1の長さ方向で複数算出する。算出する臨界CV値の数は、直胴部の長さやCell成長が発生した位置に応じて適宜変更することができる。また、臨界CV値算出工程S4では、Cell成長が発生した位置についても記録を行う。
例えば、ドーパントが赤リンであり、抵抗率が1mΩ・cmである場合、ドーパント濃度Cは7.4×1019atoms/cm3と算出することができる。
具体的に、臨界CV値を構成するドーパント濃度Cを求める一例を説明する。臨界CV値を構成するドーパント濃度Cを求めるには、先ず結晶からサンプルを切り出してCell成長が発生した箇所を4探針法で抵抗率測定し、結晶中の不純物濃度と結晶の抵抗率との関係式を用いて、測定された抵抗率から算出する。
図5に示される例では、臨界CV値は、6.5×1019から徐々に減少していることがわかる。
上記した目標CV値プロファイルは一例であり、Cell成長の発生の抑制を重視して、更に小さなCV値からなる目標CV値プロファイルとしてもよい。
換言すれば、この実施形態では、引き上げ条件再設定工程S6にて、目標CV値プロファイルに基づいて修正引き上げ速度プロファイルを作成したが、これに限らず、引き上げ条件再設定工程S6にて、目標CV値プロファイルに基づいて抵抗率プロファイルを修正してもよい。ドーパント濃度Cと電気抵抗率とは1対1の関係であるので、目標CV値プロファイルを修正することによりドーパント濃度Cが修正される。
すなわち、CV値が臨界CV値を下回るように、ドーパント濃度Cと引き上げ速度Vの少なくとも一方を制御すればよい。
Claims (6)
- シリコン融液にドーパントが添加されたドーパント添加融液から、チョクラルスキー法によりシリコン単結晶を引き上げて成長させるシリコン単結晶の育成方法であって、
前記シリコン単結晶に異常成長が発生した時点のドーパント濃度Cと引き上げ速度Vの積である臨界CV値を算出し、前記時点におけるドーパント濃度Cと引き上げ速度Vの積であるCV値が前記臨界CV値を下回るように、ドーパント濃度Cと引き上げ速度Vの少なくとも一方を制御してシリコン単結晶を育成するシリコン単結晶の育成方法。 - 前記臨界CV値を算出する臨界CV値算出工程と、
前記臨界CV値算出工程にて算出された前記臨界CV値を下回るように、引き上げ速度プロファイルと結晶軸方向の抵抗率プロファイルの少なくとも一方を再設定する引き上げ条件再設定工程と、を有する請求項1に記載のシリコン単結晶の育成方法。 - 前記臨界CV値算出工程の後、かつ、前記引き上げ条件再設定工程の前に、前記臨界CV値算出工程にて算出され、前記時点において臨界CV値を超えない目標CV値を用いて、目標CV値プロファイルを作成する目標CV値プロファイル作成工程を有する請求項2に記載のシリコン単結晶の育成方法。
- 前記引き上げ条件再設定工程では、前記目標CV値プロファイルに対応する引き上げ速度により構成された修正引き上げ速度プロファイルを作成する請求項3に記載のシリコン単結晶の育成方法。
- 前記引き上げ条件再設定工程では、前記目標CV値プロファイルに対応する抵抗率により構成された修正抵抗率プロファイルを作成する請求項3または請求項4に記載のシリコン単結晶の育成方法。
- 前記ドーパント濃度Cは前記シリコン単結晶中のドーパント濃度であり、前記シリコン単結晶中のドーパント濃度は、前記シリコン単結晶中のドーパント濃度と前記シリコン単結晶の抵抗率との関係式を用いて前記シリコン単結晶の抵抗値から算出される請求項1から請求項5のいずれか一項に記載のシリコン単結晶の育成方法。
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