WO2022116533A1 - 转子和电机 - Google Patents

转子和电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022116533A1
WO2022116533A1 PCT/CN2021/104369 CN2021104369W WO2022116533A1 WO 2022116533 A1 WO2022116533 A1 WO 2022116533A1 CN 2021104369 W CN2021104369 W CN 2021104369W WO 2022116533 A1 WO2022116533 A1 WO 2022116533A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
magnetic steel
slot
magnetic
wall
convex portion
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PCT/CN2021/104369
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
韩永杰
刘钧
杨深
蒋奎
纪科星
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上海威迈斯新能源有限公司
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Publication of WO2022116533A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022116533A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/28—Means for mounting or fastening rotating magnetic parts on to, or to, the rotor structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of electric motors, in particular to a rotor and an electric motor.
  • Permanent magnet motors have been widely used in the field of vehicle drive motors. Permanent magnet motors have the advantages of simple structure, small size, low loss, high efficiency and easy control. In order to improve the power density of the drive system, a permanent magnet motor and a reducer are usually used to provide driving force for electric vehicles, or a three-in-one assembly that is highly integrated with a motor, a reducer and a motor controller.
  • the motor needs to have a high torque density, that is to say, it is necessary to ensure that the motor has a small volume while requiring a large torque of the motor.
  • the motor stacking method is used to increase the output torque of the motor, but it will also increase the volume of the motor; some will use high-performance magnetic steel to increase the output torque of the motor, but high-performance magnetic steel will also This will increase the cost of the motor, and the high-performance magnetic steel will also lead to the saturation of the magnetic circuit, which will increase the iron loss.
  • the improvement of the torque performance by improving the magnetic steel remanence is limited. torque performance cannot be further improved.
  • the thickness of the rotor magnetic bridge will affect the magnetic leakage of the magnetic steel.
  • the larger thickness of the magnetic bridge increases the magnetic leakage, which in turn reduces the output torque of the motor. Therefore, In order to obtain a larger output torque, it is necessary to reduce the thickness of the magnetic bridge as much as possible, but if the thickness of the magnetic bridge is too small, the demagnetization state of the motor magnetic steel will be aggravated. This is mainly because the smaller thickness of the magnetic bridge inhibits demagnetization.
  • the direction of the magnetic field makes the demagnetization magnetic field tend to concentrate on passing through the motor magnetic steel, which intensifies the demagnetization state of the magnetic field.
  • the coercive force of the magnetic steel needs to be increased in order to reduce the demagnetization rate of the magnetic steel, it is necessary to increase the amount of rare earth. , thereby increasing the cost of magnet steel, thereby increasing the total cost of the motor; the amount of magnet steel can also be increased to reduce the demagnetization rate of the magnet steel and ensure the stability of the motor, but the increase in the amount of magnet steel will also increase the cost of the motor, and The increase in the amount of magnetic steel will also make the mechanical strength of the rotor under centrifugal force worse.
  • the present invention provides a rotor and a motor, which can design a rotor with excellent anti-demagnetization performance on the premise of not increasing the volume and cost and ensuring the output torque of the motor.
  • the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is: a rotor, comprising an iron core and a magnetic steel slot group, wherein the magnetic steel slot group includes two first magnetic steels distributed in a V shape and the V-shaped tip direction is toward the center of the iron core There is a magnetic steel in the first magnetic steel groove, and a magnetic bridge is located between the two first magnetic steel grooves at the V-shaped tip, and the first magnetic steel groove includes: close to the magnetic bridge and a first convex portion protruding toward the inside of the first magnetic steel groove.
  • the first magnetic steel slot includes a first slot wall and a second slot wall extending from the tip of the V shape to the opening direction, and the magnetic steel is embedded between the first slot wall and the second slot wall.
  • the first slot wall is arranged on the inner side of the V shape, the magnetic steel includes a first end and a second end arranged at an angle with the first slot wall, and the first end faces the V
  • the second end portion is arranged in the direction of the V-shaped opening; the first magnetic steel slot further includes a second convex portion arranged on the first slot wall and close to the first end portion.
  • first magnetic steel slot further includes a concave portion opened on the first slot wall and close to the second end.
  • the first protruding portion is an arc-shaped protruding portion
  • the first protruding portion is provided at the angle between the first groove wall and the magnetic bridge
  • the protruding end of the first protruding portion is The distance H1 to the first groove wall is 0.6 mm to 0.8 mm
  • the maximum distance L1 from the first convex portion to the magnetic bridge is 0.6 mm to 0.8 mm.
  • the second protruding portion is an arc-shaped protruding portion, and the protruding height H2 of the second protruding portion relative to the first groove wall is 0.15 mm to 0.3 mm; the radius of the second protruding portion is R, the distance between the center of the second convex portion and the first end portion is 0.9R to 1.1R.
  • the concave portion is an arc-shaped notch
  • the maximum concave depth H3 of the concave portion is 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm
  • the distance from the center of the concave portion to the second end portion is 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm.
  • the first magnetic steel slot further includes an extension slot provided on one side of the magnetic bridge and extending toward the radial direction of the iron core.
  • the magnetic steel groove group also includes two second magnetic steel grooves distributed in a V shape and with the V-shaped tip direction facing the center of the iron core, and the second magnetic steel grooves are arranged on the first magnetic steel. The side of the slot away from the center of the core.
  • the included angle between the two first magnetic steel grooves is less than 15°.
  • An electric motor includes the rotor.
  • the first convex portion is arranged in the magnetic steel groove of the rotor core, and the arrangement of the first convex portion can play the role of drainage.
  • the part can drain the demagnetization magnetic field, relieve the demagnetization effect of the demagnetization magnetic field on the corners of the magnetic steel, and at the same time, it will not affect the output torque of the motor.
  • Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the magnetic steel groove on the iron core in the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an enlarged structure of the present invention A
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an enlarged structure of the present invention B.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an enlarged structure of the present invention B.
  • the rotor includes an iron core formed by stacking a plurality of punched sheets.
  • the iron core includes a plurality of magnetic poles distributed along its circumferential direction, and each magnetic pole includes a magnetic steel slot group.
  • the magnetic steel groove group includes two first magnetic steel grooves 1 and two second magnetic steel grooves 2 .
  • the two first magnetic steel slots 1 are symmetrically distributed in a V shape, and the V-shaped tips formed by the two first magnetic steel slots 1 extend toward the center of the iron core, and the openings face the outside of the iron core.
  • the steel slot 1 is located between the ends of the tip to form a first magnetic bridge 11.
  • Each first magnetic steel slot 1 is embedded with a magnetic steel 3, and the magnetic steel 3 is fixed to the first magnetic steel slot 1 by gluing. central position.
  • the two second magnetic steel slots 2 are also distributed in a V shape, and the second magnetic steel slots 2 are arranged above the first magnetic steel slot 1, that is, on the outer side in the radial direction of the first magnetic steel slot 1, and the two The V-shaped tip formed by the second magnetic steel slots 2 extends toward the center of the iron core, and the opening faces the outside of the iron core.
  • the two second magnetic steel slots 2 are located between the ends of the tips to form a second magnetic bridge 21.
  • the second magnetic steel slot 2 is also embedded with a magnetic steel 3, and the magnetic steel 3 is fixed in the middle position of the second magnetic steel slot 2 by gluing; at the same time, the first magnetic steel slot 1 and the second magnetic steel slot There is a certain interval between the two, and the first and second magnetic steel slots are arranged along the magnetic circuit of the motor's quadrature axis, which helps to reduce the influence of the magnetic steel slot on the quadrature axis inductance of the motor, thereby ensuring the reluctance of the motor to rotate. Therefore, it is beneficial to alleviate the saturation of the quadrature-axis magnetic circuit and increase the utilization rate of the reluctance torque. In addition, a certain distance between the two layers of magnetic steel is also beneficial to alleviate the demagnetization effect of the demagnetization magnetic field on the magnetic steel.
  • the included angle between the two first magnetic steel slots 1 is less than 15°, so that the utilization rate of the reluctance torque can be ensured.
  • the first magnetic steel slot 1 includes a first slot wall 15 and a second slot wall 16 extending from the tip of the V-shape to the opening direction, and the first slot wall 15 and the second slot wall 16 are arranged oppositely, wherein the first slot wall 15 and the second slot wall 16 are opposite.
  • the slot wall 15 is arranged on the inside of the V-shaped opening
  • the second slot wall 16 is arranged on the outside of the V-shaped opening
  • the magnetic steel 3 is fitted between the first and second slot walls, and the two sides of the magnetic steel 3
  • the magnetic steel 3 also includes a first end portion 31 and a second end portion 32, and the first and second end portions are both connected with the first and second magnetic steel They are arranged at an included angle, which is vertical in this embodiment, the first end 31 is arranged towards the opening of the V-shape, and the second end 32 is arranged towards the tip of the V-shape; and the first magnetic steel slot 1 also includes a
  • the third slot wall 17 on one side of the first magnetic bridge 11 is disposed toward the radial direction of the iron core.
  • the first convex portion 11 , the second convex portion 12 and the concave portion 13 are provided on the groove wall of the first magnetic steel groove 1 in the present application, but each of the first convex portion 11 , the second convex portion 12 and the concave portion 13 is provided separately All of them can alleviate the demagnetization effect of the demagnetization magnetic field on the magnetic steel, and can also be combined in two or three to improve the anti-demagnetization ability of the magnetic steel 3.
  • the first convex portion 11 in the present application is disposed in the first magnetic steel slot 1 at a position close to the first magnetic bridge 11 , and the first convex portion 11 protrudes toward the inside of the first magnetic steel slot 1 . It is helpful to alleviate the demagnetization effect of the demagnetization magnetic field on the magnetic steel.
  • the first convex portion 11 is an arc-shaped protrusion, which is arranged at the included angle between the first groove wall 15 and the third groove wall 17 , and the first convex portion 11 specifically includes three arc-shaped line segments, which are The first arc section 111, the second arc section 112 and the third arc section 113, the first arc section 111 is connected with the first groove wall 15 as an arc transition section, and the third arc section 113 is connected with the third groove
  • the wall 17 is connected as a transition section
  • the second arc-shaped section 112 is connected between the first and third arc-shaped sections to serve as the convex part of the first convex part 11, and the arrangement of the first convex part 11 can play the role of drainage , when the motor is in the worst demagnetization state, the first convex portion 11 can drain the demagnetization magnetic field, so as to relieve the demagnetization effect of the demagnetization magnetic field on the corners of the magnetic steel.
  • the maximum distance L1 between the protruding end of the second arc-shaped segment 112 and the third slot wall 17 adjacent to the first magnetic bridge 11 in the present application is 0.6 mm to 0.8 mm
  • the second The distance H1 between the arc section 112 and the first groove wall 15 is 0.6mm to 0.8mm; this is because too small H1 and L1 will weaken the anti-demagnetization effect of the magnetic steel, and too large H1 and L1 will The magnetic flux leakage is increased, and the output torque is decreased.
  • the first convex portion 11 is in the above range, the anti-demagnetization performance of the magnetic steel is guaranteed to be the strongest without increasing the magnetic flux leakage.
  • the second convex portion 12 is disposed on the first groove wall 15 , and the second convex portion 12 is disposed at a position close to the first end portion 31 of the magnetic steel 3 , that is, the second convex portion 12 is located in At the V-shaped opening of the first magnetic steel slot 1 .
  • the second convex portion 12 is also configured as an arc-shaped protrusion
  • the first magnetic steel groove 1 further includes a fourth groove wall 18 connected with the first groove wall 15
  • the first groove wall 15 is used for bonding with the magnetic steel 3 .
  • the fourth slot wall 18 is arranged above the first slot wall 15 (ie, the open end of the V shape) with a certain included angle therebetween, and the second convex portion 12 is arranged on the first slot wall 15. At the angle between the first groove wall 15 and the fourth groove wall 18 .
  • the second protruding portion 12 includes a fourth arc-shaped segment 121 at its protruding end, and a first straight-line segment 122 and a second straight-line segment 123 respectively provided at both ends of the fourth arc-shaped segment 121.
  • the first straight-line segment 122 is connected to the
  • the fourth slot wall 18 is connected with rounded corners
  • the second straight section 123 is connected with the first slot wall 15 and has rounded corners at the connection. Under the mechanical stress, the mechanical strength of the second convex portion 12 is guaranteed.
  • the size of the above-mentioned rounded corners is 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm; and the radius R of the fourth arc segment 121 is also 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm.
  • the protruding height H2 of the second convex portion 12 relative to the first groove wall 15 is 0.15mm to 0.3mm, and the distance between the center of the fourth arc-shaped segment 121 and the first end portion 31 is 0.9R to 0.9R 1.1R, for the same reason, the values of H2 and L2 are reasonable, so that the second convex portion 12 can avoid the output torque being affected by the excessively large H2 and L2, and also ensure that H2 and L2 will not be too small to weaken the anti-demagnetization effect.
  • the concave portion 13 is disposed on the first groove wall 15, and the concave portion 13 is an arc-shaped notch, which is close to the corner portion of the magnetic steel 3 located at the second end portion 32, and the concave portion 13 can well suppress demagnetization
  • the magnetic field passes through the corners of the magnetic steel, which ensures the anti-demagnetization ability of the magnetic steel 3 .
  • the maximum recessed depth H3 of the recessed portion 13 (that is, the maximum interval between the recessed portion 13 and the first groove wall 15 ) is 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm, and the distance between the center of the recessed portion 13 and the second end portion 32 is 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm, This setting ensures that H3 and L3 can not only have a good anti-demagnetization effect, but also will not affect the output torque of the motor.
  • first magnetic steel slot 1 in the present application is further provided with an extension slot 19, and the extension slot 19 is arranged at the tip portion of the first magnetic steel slot 1 which is located at the V-shaped tip portion adjacent to the first magnetic bridge 11, and the extension slot 19 extends for a certain length from the first magnetic steel slot 1 toward the radial direction of the iron core.
  • the arrangement of the extension slot 19 is beneficial to reduce the leakage flux, increase the output torque of the motor, and also make the first magnetic bridge 11 elongated, It is also beneficial to relieve the mechanical stress of this part, so that the rotor is suitable for high-speed rotation.
  • the second magnetic steel slot 2 may also be provided with an extension slot, and the second magnetic steel slot 2 and the extension slot of the first magnetic steel slot 1 are equally provided, which will not be repeated here.
  • the demagnetization rates of the magnetic steel in the left and right first magnetic steel slots are 2.33% and 2.37% respectively, and the demagnetization position of the magnetic steel is mainly concentrated in the corners;
  • the demagnetization rates of the magnetic steel in the left and right first magnetic steel slots are 1.9% and 1.93% respectively, the demagnetization positions are concentrated at the corners, and the demagnetization area is reduced;
  • the demagnetization rates of the magnetic steel in the left and right first magnetic steel grooves are 1.44% and 1.4% respectively, and the demagnetization positions are concentrated at the corners. The demagnetization area is further reduced;
  • the demagnetization rates of the magnetic steel in the left and right first magnetic steel grooves are 1.27% and 1.31% respectively, and the demagnetization positions are concentrated in the corners where the demagnetization area is minimized.
  • the present application also proposes a motor, which includes the rotor proposed by the present application.
  • the traditional motor and the motor in this application (the first convex part, the second convex part and the concave part are provided in the first magnetic steel slot) are outside the convex part and the concave part, and the other conditions are equal,
  • the output conditions of the two are as follows: the average torque of the conventional motor is 220.1183Nm, and the torque ripple is 3.69%; the motor of this application has the average torque of 219.7092Nm and the torque ripple is 3.69%.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种转子和电机，转子包括铁芯和磁钢槽组，磁钢槽组包括两条呈V形分布的第一磁钢槽，第一磁钢槽内设有磁钢，两条第一磁钢槽之间为磁桥，第一磁钢槽包括：靠近磁桥且朝向第一磁钢槽内部设置的第一凸部、第二凸部和开设于槽壁上的凹部；第一磁钢槽还包括设于磁桥一侧且朝向铁芯径向方向延伸的延伸槽；磁钢槽组还包括两条呈V形分布的第二磁钢槽。与现有技术比较，本发明通能够缓解退磁磁场对磁钢边角的退磁作用，同时对电机的输出转矩不会造成影响。

Description

转子和电机 技术领域
本发明涉及电机领域，特别是涉及一种转子和电机。
背景技术
环境污染和能源危机促使新能源汽车行业的快速发展，尤其是电动汽车行业蓬勃发展，而车用驱动电机作为电动汽车的关键执行部件之一，其性能对于整车的性能至关重要。由于具有较高的功率密度和较高的效率等优点，永磁电机已被广泛应用于车用驱动电机领域，永磁电机具有结构简单、体积小、损耗小、效率高和易于控制等优点。为了提升驱动系统的功率密度，通常采用永磁电机和减速器配合的方式来给电动汽车提供驱动力，或者是电机、减速机和电机控制器高度集成的三合一总成。
然而，由于电动汽车特殊的运行工况，需要电机具有较高的转矩密度，也就是说需要电机大转矩的同时还需要保证电机具有较小的体积；在现有技术中，有的会采用电机叠高的方式来增加电机的输出转矩，但是也会增大电机的体积；还有的会使用高性磁的磁钢来提高电机的输出转矩，但是高性能的磁钢也会使得电机的成本提高，并且高性能的磁钢也会导致磁路的饱和，进而使得铁耗增加，与此同时提高磁钢剩磁对转矩性能的提升是有限的，当达到一定程度，电机的转矩性能便无法进一步提升。
同时，在现有技术中，当磁钢用量相同时，转子磁桥的厚度会影响磁钢的漏磁，较大的磁桥厚度使得漏磁增大，进而使得电机的输出转矩降低，因此为了获得较大的输出转矩，则需要尽可能减小磁桥的厚度，但磁桥厚度过小又会使得电机磁钢退磁状态加剧，这主要是由于较小的磁桥厚度，抑制了 退磁磁场的走向，使得退磁磁场偏向于集中经过电机磁钢，从而使得磁场的退磁状态加剧，若为了降低磁钢的退磁率，又需要提高磁钢的矫顽力，则又提升需要增加稀土的用量，从而使得磁钢成本增高，进而增加电机的总成本；也可以增加磁钢的用量来降低磁钢的退磁率，保证电机的稳定性，但是磁钢用量的增加也会增加电机的成本，并且磁钢用量的增加也会使得转子在离心力作用的机械强度变差。
因此，如何在不增加体积和成本的前提下，设计出一种具有优秀的抗退磁性能的转子来保证电机的输出转矩很有必要。
发明内容
本发明提出一种转子和电机，能够在不增加体积、成本，并保证电机的输出转矩的前提下，设计出一种具有优秀的抗退磁性能的转子。
本发明采用的技术方案是：一种转子，包括铁芯和磁钢槽组，所述磁钢槽组包括两条呈V形分布的且V形的尖端方向朝向铁芯中心的第一磁钢槽，所述第一磁钢槽内设有磁钢，且两条所述第一磁钢槽之间位于V形尖端处为磁桥，所述第一磁钢槽包括：靠近所述磁桥且朝向所述第一磁钢槽内部凸出的第一凸部。
进一步地，所述第一磁钢槽包括从V形的尖端到开口方向延伸的第一槽壁和第二槽壁，所述磁钢内嵌于所述第一槽壁和第二槽壁之间，所述第一槽壁设于V形的内侧，所述磁钢包括与所述第一槽壁呈夹角设置的第一端部和第二端部，所述第一端部朝向V形开口方向设置，所述第二端部朝向V形尖端方向设置；所述第一磁钢槽还包括设于所述第一槽壁上且靠近所述第一端部的第二凸部。
进一步地，所述第一磁钢槽还包括开设于所述第一槽壁上且靠近所述第二端部的凹部。
优选地，所述第一凸部为弧形凸起，所述第一凸部设于所述第一槽壁和与所述磁桥的夹角处，所述第一凸部的凸出端到第一槽壁的距离H1为0.6mm到0.8mm，所述第一凸部到所述磁桥的最大距离L1为0.6mm到0.8mm。
优选地，所述第二凸部为弧形凸起，所述第二凸部相对于所述第一槽壁的凸出高度H2为0.15mm到0.3mm；所述第二凸部的半径为R，所述第二凸部的圆心与第一端部的间距为0.9R到1.1R。
优选地，所述凹部为弧形凹口，所述凹部的最大凹陷深度H3为0.3mm到0.5mm，所述凹部圆心到与第二端部的间距为0.1mm到0.3mm。
优选地，所述第一磁钢槽还包括设于所述磁桥一侧且朝向所述铁芯径向方向延伸的延伸槽。
进一步地，所述磁钢槽组还包括两条呈V形分布的且V形的尖端方向朝向铁芯中心的第二磁钢槽，所述第二磁钢槽设于所述第一磁钢槽远离所述铁芯中心的一侧。
优选地，两条所述第一磁钢槽之间的夹角小于15°。
一种电机，所述电机包括所述的转子。
与现有技术比较，本发明通过在转子铁芯的磁钢槽中设置了第一凸部，第一凸部的设置能够起到引流作用，在电机处于最恶劣退磁状态时，该第一凸部能够引流退磁磁场，缓解退磁磁场对磁钢边角的退磁作用，同时对电机的输出转矩不会造成影响。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明中铁芯上的磁钢槽的结构示意简图；
图2为本发明A的放大结构示意简图；
图3为本发明B的放大结构示意简图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明所要解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
本申请中转子包括由多片冲片叠加形成的铁芯，铁芯包括多个沿其周向分布的磁极，每一个磁极包括一个磁钢槽组。
如图1所示，以铁芯其中一个磁钢槽组为例进行说明，磁钢槽组包括两条第一磁钢槽1和两条第二磁钢槽2。
其中，两条第一磁钢槽1呈V形对称分布，并且两条第一磁钢槽1构成的V形的尖端朝向铁芯中心方向延伸，开口朝向铁芯的外侧，两条第一磁钢槽1位于尖端的端部之间形成第一磁桥11，每条第一磁钢槽1中内嵌有一个磁钢3，磁钢3通过胶粘的方式固定在第一磁钢槽1的中部位置。
进一步地，两条第二磁钢槽2也呈V形分布，第二磁钢槽2设于第一磁钢槽1的上方，即位于第一磁钢槽1径向方向的外侧，并且两条第二磁钢槽2构成的V形的尖端朝向铁芯中心方向延伸，开口朝向铁芯的外侧，两条第二磁钢槽2位于尖端的端部之间形成第二磁桥21，每条第二磁钢槽2中也内嵌 有磁钢3，磁钢3通过胶粘的方式固定在第二磁钢槽2的中部位置；同时，第一磁钢槽1和第二磁钢槽2之间具有一定间隔，第一、第二磁钢槽均沿着电机的交轴磁路设置，这样有助于减小磁钢槽对电机交轴电感的影响，进而保证电机的磁阻转矩从而有利于缓解交轴磁路的饱和，增大磁阻转矩的利用率，另外两层磁钢之间一定的距离也有利于缓解退磁磁场对磁钢的退磁效应。
优选地，两条第一磁钢槽1之间的夹角小于15°，这样可以保证磁阻转矩的利用率。
进一步地，第一磁钢槽1包括从V形的尖端到开口方向延伸的第一槽壁15和第二槽壁16，第一槽壁15和第二槽壁16相对设置，其中，第一槽壁15设置在V形的开口内侧，第二槽壁16设置在V形的开口外侧，而磁钢3则贴合设置在第一、第二槽壁之间，磁钢3的两个侧部与第一槽壁15和第二槽壁16相贴合，磁钢3还包括第一端部31和第二端部32，第一、第二端部均与第一、第二磁钢呈夹角设置，本实施例中为垂直，第一端部31朝向V形的开口方向设置，而第二端部32朝向V形的尖端方向设置；且第一磁钢槽1还包括设置在第一磁桥11一侧的第三槽壁17，第三槽壁17朝向铁芯的径向方向设置。
本申请中的第一磁钢槽1的槽壁上设置了第一凸部11、第二凸部12以及凹部13，但第一凸部11、第二凸部12以及凹部13每一个单独设置均能够起到缓解退磁磁场对磁钢的退磁作用，也可以两两或三者之间相结合以起到对磁钢3抗退磁能力的提升。
进一步地，如图2所示，本申请中的第一凸部11设置在第一磁钢槽1中靠近第一磁桥11的位置，第一凸部11朝向第一磁钢槽1内部凸出设置，从而有利于缓解退磁磁场对磁钢的退磁作用。
优选地，第一凸部11为弧形凸起，其设置在第一槽壁15和第三槽壁17之间的夹角处，第一凸部11具体包括三段弧形线段，分别为第一弧形段111、第二弧形段112以及第三弧形段113，第一弧形段111与第一槽壁15连接作为圆弧过渡段，第三弧形段113与第三槽壁17连接作为过渡段，而第二弧形段112连接在第一、第三弧形段之间以作为第一凸部11的凸起部分，第一凸部11的设置能够起到引流作用，在电机处于最恶劣退磁状态时，该第一凸部11能够引流退磁磁场，缓解退磁磁场对磁钢边角的退磁作用。
优选地，本申请中的第二弧形段112的凸出的端部到与第一磁桥11相邻的第三槽壁17之间的最大距离L1为0.6mm到0.8mm，而第二弧形段112到第一槽壁15之间的距离H1为0.6mm到0.8mm；这是因为过小的H1和L1会使得磁钢的抗退磁作用减弱，而过大的H1和L1又会使得漏磁增加，进而输出转矩降低，当第一凸部11处于上述范围时，则保证了磁钢的抗退磁性能达到最强同时又不会增加漏磁。
进一步地，如图3所示，第二凸部12设置在第一槽壁15上，且第二凸部12设于靠近磁钢3第一端部31的位置，即第二凸部12位于第一磁钢槽1的V形开口处。
具体地，第二凸部12也设置为弧形凸起，第一磁钢槽1还包括与第一槽壁15连接的第四槽壁18，第一槽壁15与磁钢3贴合用于安装磁钢3，而第四槽壁18设置在第一槽壁15的上方(即V形的开口端)且两者之间具有一定的夹角，而第二凸部12则设置在第一槽壁15和第四槽壁18之间的夹角处。
第二凸部12包括位于其凸出端的第四弧形段121以及分别设置在第四弧形段121两个端部的第一直线段122和第二直线段123，第一直线段122与第四槽壁18连接且连接处设有倒圆角，第二直线段123与第一槽壁15连接且连 接处设有倒圆角，这两处倒圆角的设置能够缓解在转子高速状态下的机械应力，保证第二凸部12的机械强度。
优选地，上述倒圆角尺寸均取0.3mm至0.5mm；且第四弧形段121的半径R取值也为0.3mm至0.5mm。
优选地，第二凸部12相对于第一槽壁15的凸出高度H2为0.15mm到0.3mm，且第四弧形段121的圆心距离第一端部31之间的间距为0.9R到1.1R，同理，这样H2和L2取值合理，使得第二凸部12避免由于H2和L2过大影响输出转矩，也保证H2和L2不会过小而使抗退磁作用减弱。
进一步地，凹部13设置在第一槽壁15上，且凹部13为弧形凹口，其靠近磁钢3的位于第二端部32的边角部，凹部13的设置能够很好的抑制退磁磁场经过该处的磁钢边角处，保证了磁钢3的抗退磁能力。
优选地，凹部13最大凹陷深度H3(即凹部13距离第一槽壁15的最大间隔)为0.3mm到0.5mm，且凹部13的圆心与第二端部32的间距为0.1mm到0.3mm，这样设置保证了H3和L3既能够具有很好的抗退磁作用，同时还不会影响到电机的输出转矩。
进一步地，本申请中的第一磁钢槽1还设有延伸槽19，延伸槽19设置在第一磁钢槽1位于V形的与第一磁桥11相邻的尖端部，且延伸槽19自第一磁钢槽1朝向铁芯的径向方向延伸一定长度，延伸槽19的设置有利于减小漏磁，增加电机的输出转矩，同时也使得第一磁桥11被拉长，也有利于缓解该部位的机械应力，使得转子适合于高转速旋转。
优选地，第二磁钢槽2也可以设置有延伸槽，第二磁钢槽2与第一磁钢槽1的延伸槽同等设置，此处不赘述。
经过试验，采取同样数量和V形设置的磁钢槽，但磁钢槽内部结构不同的永磁电机在同等恶劣情况下的磁钢退磁情况如下：
传统转子(不设有凸部和凹部)：左右两个第一磁钢槽中磁钢的退磁率分别为2.33％和2.37％，磁钢的退磁位置主要集中在边角处；
当第一磁钢槽中设有第一凸部：左右两个第一磁钢槽中磁钢的退磁率分别为1.9％和1.93％，退磁位置集中在边角处，退磁面积减小；
当第一磁钢槽中设有第一凸部和第二凸部时：左右两个第一磁钢槽中磁钢的退磁率分别为1.44％和1.4％，退磁位置集中在边角处，退磁面积进一步减小；
当第一磁钢槽中设有第一凸部、第二凸部和凹部时：左右两个第一磁钢槽中磁钢的退磁率分别为1.27％和1.31％，退磁位置集中在边角处，退磁面积达到最小。
本申请还提出了一种电机，电机包括本申请提出的转子。
同时，经过测试对比，传统电机和本申请中电机(第一磁钢槽中设有第一凸部、第二凸部和凹部)在处凸部和凹部外，其余条件均相等的情况下，两者的输出情况如下：传统电机，转矩平均值为220.1183Nm，转矩脉动为3.69％；本申请的电机，转矩平均值为219.7092Nm，转矩脉动为3.69％。
由上可知，在大幅减小磁钢退磁率的情况下，本申请中的电机与传统电机的输出转矩基本不变，输出脉动一致，本申请的设置具有相当优异的实用价值。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种转子，包括铁芯和磁钢槽组，所述磁钢槽组包括两条呈V形分布的且V形的尖端方向朝向铁芯中心的第一磁钢槽，所述第一磁钢槽内设有磁钢，且两条所述第一磁钢槽之间位于V形尖端处为磁桥，其特征在于，所述第一磁钢槽包括：靠近所述磁桥且朝向所述第一磁钢槽内部凸出的第一凸部。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的转子，其特征在于，所述第一磁钢槽包括从V形的尖端到开口方向延伸的第一槽壁和第二槽壁，所述磁钢内嵌于所述第一槽壁和第二槽壁之间，所述第一槽壁设于V形的内侧，所述磁钢包括与所述第一槽壁呈夹角设置的第一端部和第二端部，所述第一端部朝向V形开口方向设置，所述第二端部朝向V形尖端方向设置；
    所述第一磁钢槽还包括设于所述第一槽壁上且靠近所述第一端部的第二凸部。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的转子，其特征在于，所述第一磁钢槽还包括开设于所述第一槽壁上且靠近所述第二端部的凹部。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的转子，其特征在于，所述第一凸部为弧形凸起，所述第一凸部设于所述第一槽壁和与所述磁桥的夹角处，所述第一凸部的凸出端到第一槽壁的距离H1为0.6mm到0.8mm，所述第一凸部到所述磁桥的最大距离L1为0.6mm到0.8mm。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的转子，其特征在于，所述第二凸部为弧形凸起，所述第二凸部相对于所述第一槽壁的凸出高度H2为0.15mm到0.3mm；所 述第二凸部的半径为R，所述第二凸部的圆心与第一端部的间距为0.9R到1.1R。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的转子，其特征在于，所述凹部为弧形凹口，所述凹部的最大凹陷深度H3为0.3mm到0.5mm，所述凹部圆心到与第二端部的间距为0.1mm到0.3mm。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的转子，其特征在于，所述第一磁钢槽还包括设于所述磁桥一侧且朝向所述铁芯径向方向延伸的延伸槽。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的转子，其特征在于，所述磁钢槽组还包括两条呈V形分布的且V形的尖端方向朝向铁芯中心的第二磁钢槽，所述第二磁钢槽设于所述第一磁钢槽远离所述铁芯中心的一侧。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的转子，其特征在于，两条所述第一磁钢槽之间的夹角小于15°。
  10. 一种电机，其特征在于，所述电机包括如权利要求1至9中任意一项所述的转子。
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