WO2021139290A1 - 电机转子和电机 - Google Patents

电机转子和电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021139290A1
WO2021139290A1 PCT/CN2020/120597 CN2020120597W WO2021139290A1 WO 2021139290 A1 WO2021139290 A1 WO 2021139290A1 CN 2020120597 W CN2020120597 W CN 2020120597W WO 2021139290 A1 WO2021139290 A1 WO 2021139290A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
motor
permanent magnet
slot
mounting slot
motor rotor
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PCT/CN2020/120597
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张小波
李广海
张芳
彭利明
熊博文
梁建东
王珊珊
张勐
胡雄
刘子彬
龚从勇
张前亮
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珠海格力电器股份有限公司
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Application filed by 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 filed Critical 珠海格力电器股份有限公司
Publication of WO2021139290A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021139290A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/28—Means for mounting or fastening rotating magnetic parts on to, or to, the rotor structures

Definitions

  • This application relates to the technical field of electric motors, and specifically relates to a motor rotor and a motor.
  • the high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor has many advantages such as high power density, good dynamic response and simple structure, and has become one of the research hotspots in the international motor field.
  • Rotor strength is the core of high-speed motor design. Designing a high-strength rotor structure with the same material has become an important technology for high-speed motors. For built-in high-speed motor rotors, the maximum stress generally occurs at the stiffener ribs of the high-speed motor rotor. Therefore, increasing the strength of the stiffener has a significant effect on improving the strength of the rotor.
  • the magnetic steel in order to improve the structural strength of the motor rotor, magnetic steel sections are generally arranged, and reinforcing ribs are arranged between two adjacent sections.
  • the magnetic steel generally adopts U-shaped or straight-shaped, when U-shaped In the case of magnets, the area of the rotor core in the U-shaped area is small, so magnetic saturation is prone to occur, which leads to the formation of easy demagnetization areas in this area, which affects the reliability of the motor's operation. The volume is limited, and the output torque of the motor is reduced.
  • the present application provides a motor rotor, including a rotor core.
  • the rotor core is provided with a first mounting slot perpendicular to the d-axis of the motor and two second mounting slots located on both sides of the first mounting slot.
  • a first permanent magnet is provided, a second permanent magnet is provided in the second mounting slot, the two second mounting slots are symmetrical about the motor d axis, and a clamp is formed between the first mounting slot and the second mounting slot near the outer circumference of the rotor Angle ⁇ , where 155° ⁇ 170°.
  • the second installation groove is separated from the first installation groove by a first magnetic isolation bridge.
  • the first magnetic isolation bridge has an equal-width structure.
  • the first mounting groove is an isosceles trapezoid
  • the first permanent magnet is an isosceles trapezoid that matches the shape of the first mounting groove
  • the side of the second mounting groove close to the first mounting groove is perpendicular to the radially inner side and the radially outer side of the second mounting groove,
  • the edge of the second permanent magnet fits with the edge of the groove.
  • a side of the second mounting slot away from the first mounting slot is provided with a slot wedge hole
  • the second permanent magnet is a rectangular block
  • a slot wedge is provided in the slot wedge hole, and the slot wedge clamps the second permanent magnet
  • a second magnetic isolation bridge is formed between the slot wedge hole and the outer circle of the rotor core.
  • the included angle ⁇ 165°.
  • the width of the first magnetic isolation bridge is 0.5 mm to 3 mm; and/or, the ratio of the length of the first permanent magnet to the length of the second permanent magnet It is 1.2 ⁇ 1.6.
  • the center angle ⁇ occupied by the first permanent magnet is 30°-35°.
  • a motor including a motor rotor, and the motor rotor is the above-mentioned motor rotor.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a motor rotor according to a first embodiment of the application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a rotor core of a motor rotor according to the first embodiment of the application;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a permanent magnet of a motor rotor according to the first embodiment of the application;
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a motor rotor according to a second embodiment of the application.
  • the motor rotor includes a rotor core 1, and the rotor core 1 is provided with a first mounting slot 2 perpendicular to the d-axis of the motor and a first mounting slot 2 located thereon.
  • the first mounting slot 2 is symmetrical about the motor d axis.
  • the included angle between the first installation groove 2 and the second installation groove 3 it is possible to make the first installation groove 2 and the second installation groove 3 have a sufficiently large opening angle, so that the two second installation grooves There is a large enough distance between the two permanent magnets 5 to form a relatively open rotor core area between the permanent magnets, which can effectively alleviate the problem of magnetic density and easy saturation, improve the reliability of motor operation, and increase the amount of permanent magnets. Improve the output torque of the motor to ensure the working performance of the motor.
  • the included angle ⁇ By setting the included angle ⁇ within the above-mentioned angle range, a motor with low harmonic content and torque ripple can also be obtained, so the running noise of the motor can be reduced and the performance of the motor can be improved.
  • the included angle ⁇ 165°.
  • the second installation slot 3 and the first installation slot 2 are separated by a first magnetic isolation bridge 6.
  • the first magnetic isolation bridge 6 By arranging the first magnetic isolation bridge 6 between the first mounting slot 2 and the second mounting slot 3, the first magnetic isolation bridge 6 can be used to strengthen the connection strength between the rotor cores on both sides of the mounting slot and improve the motor rotor. The overall structural strength.
  • the first magnetic isolation bridge 6 is of a constant-width structure, which can make the stress distribution of the connection structure formed by the first magnetic isolation bridge 6 uniform, increase the strength of the rotor, and thereby increase the limit speed of the motor.
  • the corners of the first installation slot 2 and the second installation slot 3 are designed with arc angles, which can effectively reduce the stress concentration of the rotor core at the first magnetic isolation bridge 6 and improve the punching strength. Improve the structural strength of the motor.
  • the first mounting slot 2 is an isosceles trapezoid
  • the first permanent magnet 4 is an isosceles trapezoid that matches the shape of the first mounting slot 2.
  • the width of the isosceles trapezoid decreases in the radially outward direction
  • the extension lines of the two oblique sides of the isosceles trapezoid extend radially outward and intersect.
  • the width of the first magnetic isolation bridge 6 is 0.5 mm to 3 mm, which can ensure that the first magnetic isolation bridge 6 has sufficient width and can provide sufficient connection strength. The centrifugal force is effectively resisted, and the width of the first magnetic isolation bridge 6 is too large to cause large magnetic flux leakage, and the working performance of the motor is improved.
  • the second installation groove 3 may also be designed as a trapezoidal groove, and the first installation groove 2 may be designed as a rectangular groove.
  • the side of the second mounting slot 3 close to the first mounting slot 2 is perpendicular to the radially inner side and the radially outer side of the second mounting slot 3.
  • the edge of the permanent magnet 5 fits with the edge of the groove, which can realize the non-slot wedge insertion of the permanent magnet, which can reduce the assembly difficulty and improve the assembly efficiency.
  • the side of the second installation slot 3 away from the first installation slot 2 is provided with a slot wedge hole 8
  • the second permanent magnet 5 is a rectangular block
  • the slot wedge hole 8 is provided with a slot wedge, and the slot wedge is clamped tightly.
  • a second magnetic isolation bridge 7 is formed between the slot wedge hole 8 and the outer circle of the rotor core 1.
  • the slot wedge hole 8 is arranged on the side of the second installation slot 3 away from the first installation slot 2, which can reduce the number of slot wedges and reduce the difficulty of assembly of permanent magnets, and can also be arranged in the second installation slot 3 close to the rotor core
  • the slot wedge hole 8 on the outer circle side of 1 realizes the design of the magnetic isolation bridge with the outer circle of the rotor core 1.
  • the structure is simple, the design is flexible, and it is also convenient to install the slot wedge from the side of the slot wedge hole 8, and then use
  • the slot wedge presses the second permanent magnet 5 on the wall of the second installation slot 3, effectively fixing the second permanent magnet 5, preventing the second permanent magnet 5 from moving when the rotor rotates at a high speed, and improving the position of the second permanent magnet 5
  • the width of the second magnetic isolation bridge 7 is 0.5 mm to 3 mm, which can not only have enough thickness to resist the centrifugal force of the first permanent magnet 4 and the second permanent magnet 5, but also reduce the distance between adjacent magnetic poles. Magnetic flux leakage improves torque output.
  • the centrifugal force of the first permanent magnet 4 and the second permanent magnet 5 on the outer circumference of the rotor core 1 is controlled by the first magnetic isolation bridge 6 and The second magnetic isolation bridge 7 is evenly borne, so that the stresses on the first magnetic isolation bridge 6 and the second magnetic isolation bridge 7 are equalized, which has a significant effect on improving the strength of the rotor.
  • first permanent magnet 4 and second permanent magnet 5 may be bonded permanent magnets or sintered magnets such as neodymium iron boron, samarium cobalt, and ferrite.
  • the magnetizing directions of the first permanent magnet 4 and the second permanent magnet 5 are perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the permanent magnet.
  • the ratio of the length of the first permanent magnet 4 to the length of the second permanent magnet 5 is 1.2-1.6, which can make the length of the first permanent magnet 4 greater than the length of the second permanent magnet 5, thereby further improving the structural strength of the motor rotor.
  • the first magnetic isolation bridge 6 and the second magnetic isolation bridge 7 can share the stress of each pole and make them tend to be equal.
  • the ratio is 1.5.
  • the center angle ⁇ occupied by the first permanent magnet 4 is 30° ⁇ 35°. This angle determines the length of the first permanent magnet 4, and limiting the first permanent magnet 4 within this range can make the structure of the rotor core 1 Maximum strength, further improving the overall structural strength of the rotor core.
  • the motor includes a motor rotor, and the motor rotor is the above-mentioned motor rotor.

Abstract

本申请提供一种电机转子和电机。该电机转子包括转子铁芯(1)，转子铁芯(1)上设置有垂直于电机d轴的第一安装槽(2)以及位于第一安装槽(2)两侧的两个第二安装槽(3)，第一安装槽(2)内设置有第一永磁体(4)，第二安装槽(3)内设置有第二永磁体(5)，两个第二安装槽(3)关于电机d轴对称，第一安装槽(2)与第二安装槽(3)之间形成夹角α，其中155°≤α≤170°。

Description

电机转子和电机
相关申请的交叉引用
本公开是以申请号为202010022498.7，申请日为2020年1月9日，发明名称为“电机转子和电机”的中国专利申请为基础，并主张其优先权，该中国专利申请的公开内容在此作为整体引入本公开中。
技术领域
本申请涉及电机技术领域，具体涉及一种电机转子和电机。
背景技术
高速永磁同步电机具有功率密度大、动态响应好以及结构简单等多种优点，已成为国际电机领域研究热点之一。转子强度作为高速电机设计核心，在相同材料下设计高强度转子结构成为高速电机重要技术。对于内置式高速电机转子，一般在高速电机转子加强筋处出现应力最大值，因此提高加强筋强度对提高转子强度效果显著。
现有技术中为了提高电机转子的结构强度，一般设置磁钢分段，并在相邻两个分段之间设置加强筋，此外，磁钢一般采用U字形或者一字型，当采用U字形磁钢时，位于U形区域内的转子铁芯面积较小，因此容易发生磁饱和现象，导致该区域形成易退磁区域，影响电机运行可靠性，当采用一字型时，又会导致磁钢的体积有限，电机输出转矩降低。
发明内容
本申请提供一种电机转子，包括转子铁芯，转子铁芯上设置有垂直于电机d轴的第一安装槽以及位于第一安装槽两侧的两个第二安装槽，第一安装槽内设置有第一永磁体，第二安装槽内设置有第二永磁体，两个第二安装槽关于电机d轴对称，第一安装槽与第二安装槽之间在靠近转子外圆侧形成夹角α，其中155°≤α≤170°。
在一些实施例中，第二安装槽与第一安装槽之间通过第一隔磁桥间隔开。
在一些实施例中，第一隔磁桥为等宽结构。
在一些实施例中，在垂直于转子铁芯的中心轴线的截面内，第一安装槽为等腰梯形，第一永磁体为与第一安装槽形状相适配的等腰梯形；沿着径向向外的方向，等腰 梯形的宽度递减，等腰梯形的两个斜边的延长线向径向外侧延伸并相交。
在一些实施例中，在垂直于转子铁芯的中心轴线的截面内，第二安装槽靠近第一安装槽的槽边垂直于第二安装槽的径向内侧边和径向外侧边，第二永磁体的边缘与槽边相贴合。
在一些实施例中，第二安装槽远离第一安装槽的一侧设置有槽楔孔，第二永磁体为矩形块，槽楔孔内设置有槽楔，槽楔卡紧第二永磁体。
在一些实施例中，槽楔孔与转子铁芯的外圆之间形成第二隔磁桥。
在一些实施例中，夹角α＝165°。
在一些实施例中，在垂直于转子铁芯的中心轴线的截面内，第一隔磁桥的宽度为0.5mm～3mm；和/或，第一永磁体的长度与第二永磁体的长度比值为1.2～1.6。
在一些实施例中，第一永磁体所占据的圆心角度β为30°～35°。
根据本申请的另一方面，提供了一种电机，包括电机转子，该电机转子为上述的电机转子。
附图说明
图1为本申请第一实施例的电机转子的结构示意图；
图2为本申请第一实施例的电机转子的转子铁芯的结构示意图；
图3为本申请第一实施例的电机转子的永磁体的结构示意图；
图4为本申请第二实施例的电机转子的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
结合参见图1至图4所示，根据本申请的实施例，电机转子包括转子铁芯1，转子铁芯1上设置有垂直于电机d轴的第一安装槽2以及位于第一安装槽2两侧的两个第二安装槽3，第一安装槽2内设置有第一永磁体4，第二安装槽3内设置有第二永磁体5，两个第二安装槽3关于电机d轴对称，第一安装槽2与第二安装槽3之间在靠近转子外圆侧形成夹角α，其中155°≤α≤170°。在一些实施例中，第一安装槽2关于电机d轴对称。
本申请中通过合理限定第一安装槽2和第二安装槽3之间的夹角，能够使得第一安装槽2和第二安装槽3之间具有足够大的张角，从而使得两个第二永磁体5之间具有足够大的距离，在永磁体之间形成比较开阔的转子铁芯区域，有效缓解磁密易饱和 的问题，提高电机运行可靠性，同时能够加大永磁体的用量，提高电机输出转矩，保证电机的工作性能。
通过将夹角α设置在上述角度范围，也能够得到低谐波含量及转矩脉动的电机，因此可以降低电机运行噪音，提高电机性能。在一些实施例中，夹角α＝165°。
第二安装槽3与第一安装槽2之间通过第一隔磁桥6间隔开。通过在第一安装槽2和第二安装槽3之间设置第一隔磁桥6，能够利用第一隔磁桥6加强安装槽内外两侧的转子铁芯之间的连接强度，提高电机转子的整体结构强度。
在本实施例中，第一隔磁桥6为等宽结构，能够使得第一隔磁桥6所形成的连接结构的应力分配均匀，提高转子强度，进而可以提高电机极限转速。在一些实施例中，第一安装槽2和第二安装槽3的边角均采用圆弧角设计，可以有效降低转子铁芯在第一隔磁桥6处的应力集中，提高冲片强度，提高电机结构强度。
在垂直于转子铁芯1的中心轴线的截面内，第一安装槽2为等腰梯形，第一永磁体4为与第一安装槽2形状相适配的等腰梯形。在本实施例中，沿着径向向外的方向，等腰梯形的宽度递减，等腰梯形的两个斜边的延长线向径向外侧延伸并相交。
在采用等宽的第一隔磁桥6的基础上，采用等腰梯形的第一安装槽2，由于第一隔磁桥6靠近等腰梯形的侧边与等腰梯形的斜边平行，因此等腰梯形的斜边和径向外侧的顶边之间的夹角a1决定了第二安装槽3的外张角度，进而决定了第二永磁体5与第一永磁体4之间的夹角，当第二安装槽3靠近第一安装槽2的侧边相邻的两个夹角均为直角时，由于第一隔磁桥6等宽，因此a1+α+90°＝360°，即α＝270°-a1，a1越大，则α越小，a1越小，则α越大。根据此关系，可以合理设计等腰梯形的结构，进而方便地对第一永磁体4与第二永磁体5之间的夹角进行设计，更加便于实现。
当采用等宽的第一隔磁桥6与等腰梯形状的第一安装槽2之后，不仅能够改善电机转子的结构强度，而且可以有效提高电机的抗退磁性能，使得电机能够在高速状态下可靠运行。
在垂直于转子铁芯1的中心轴线的截面内，第一隔磁桥6的宽度为0.5mm～3mm，既可以保证第一隔磁桥6有足够的宽度，能够提供足够的连接强度，可以有效抵抗离心作用力，又可以避免第一隔磁桥6的宽度过大而造成较大漏磁，提高电机的工作性能。
在其他实施例中，也可以将第二安装槽3设计为梯形槽，将第一安装槽2设计为矩形槽。
在垂直于转子铁芯1的中心轴线的截面内，第二安装槽3靠近第一安装槽2的槽边垂直于第二安装槽3的径向内侧边和径向外侧边，第二永磁体5的边缘与槽边相贴合，能够实现永磁体的无槽楔插入，可以降低装配难度，提高装配效率。
在本实施例中，第二安装槽3远离第一安装槽2的一侧设置有槽楔孔8，第二永磁体5为矩形块，槽楔孔8内设置有槽楔，槽楔卡紧第二永磁体5。
在一些实施例中，槽楔孔8与转子铁芯1的外圆之间形成第二隔磁桥7。
将槽楔孔8设置在第二安装槽3远离第一安装槽2的一侧，既可以减少槽楔数量，降低永磁体的装配难度，又可以利用设置在第二安装槽3靠近转子铁芯1的外圆一侧的槽楔孔8实现与转子铁芯1的外圆之间的隔磁桥设计，结构简单，设计灵活，也方便从槽楔孔8所在侧装入槽楔，进而利用槽楔将第二永磁体5压紧在第二安装槽3的槽壁上，对第二永磁体5形成有效固定，防止转子高速转动时第二永磁体5移动，提高第二永磁体5在第二安装槽3内安装结构的稳定性和可靠性。
在一些实施例中，第二隔磁桥7的宽度为0.5mm～3mm，既可以有足够的厚度抵抗第一永磁体4和第二永磁体5的离心力作用，又能够减小相邻磁极间漏磁，提高转矩输出。
通过设计第一隔磁桥6和第二隔磁桥7，在电机高速运行时，第一永磁体4和第二永磁体5对转子铁芯1的外周的离心力被第一隔磁桥6和第二隔磁桥7均匀承担，使得第一隔磁桥6和第二隔磁桥7所受的应力均等化，对于提高转子强度有显著作用。
上述的第一永磁体4和第二永磁体5可以为粘结永磁体或钕铁硼、钐钴、铁氧体等烧结磁体。
在垂直于转子铁芯1的中心轴线的截面内，第一永磁体4和第二永磁体5的充磁方向为垂直于永磁体的长边方向。
第一永磁体4的长度与第二永磁体5的长度比值为1.2～1.6，可以使得第一永磁体4的长度大于第二永磁体5的长度，从而更进一步提高电机转子的结构强度。采用该方案，可以让第一隔磁桥6和第二隔磁桥7共同承担每极应力，并使之趋于相等。在第一隔磁桥6个数相同、第一永磁体4和第二永磁体5的长度固定时，在一定范围内时，第一永磁体4设计的越大，则第一隔磁桥6承受的应力越大，可降低第二隔磁桥7承担的应力。在一些实施例中，该比值为1.5。
第一永磁体4所占据的圆心角度β为30°～35°，该角度决定了第一永磁体4的长度，将第一永磁体4限定在该范围内，能够使得转子铁芯1的结构强度最大，进一 步提高转子铁芯的整体结构强度。
根据本申请的实施例，电机包括电机转子，该电机转子为上述的电机转子。
本领域的技术人员容易理解的是，在不冲突的前提下，上述各有利方式可以自由地组合、叠加。
以上仅为本申请的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本申请，凡在本申请的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本申请的保护范围之内。以上仅是本申请的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和变型，这些改进和变型也应视为本申请的保护范围。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种电机转子，包括转子铁芯(1)，所述转子铁芯(1)上设置有垂直于电机d轴的第一安装槽(2)以及位于所述第一安装槽(2)两侧的两个第二安装槽(3)，所述第一安装槽(2)内设置有第一永磁体(4)，所述第二安装槽(3)内设置有第二永磁体(5)，所述两个第二安装槽(3)关于电机d轴对称，所述第一安装槽(2)与所述第二安装槽(3)之间在靠近转子外圆侧形成夹角α，其中155°≤α≤170°。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电机转子，其中，所述第二安装槽(3)与所述第一安装槽(2)之间通过第一隔磁桥(6)间隔开。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电机转子，其中，所述第一隔磁桥(6)为等宽结构。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的电机转子，其中，在垂直于所述转子铁芯(1)的中心轴线的截面内，所述第一安装槽(2)为等腰梯形，所述第一永磁体(4)为与所述第一安装槽(2)形状相适配的等腰梯形；沿着径向向外的方向，所述等腰梯形的宽度递减，所述等腰梯形的两个斜边的延长线向径向外侧延伸并相交。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的电机转子，其中，在垂直于所述转子铁芯(1)的中心轴线的截面内，所述第二安装槽(3)靠近所述第一安装槽(2)的槽边垂直于所述第二安装槽(3)的径向内侧边和径向外侧边，所述第二永磁体(5)的边缘与所述槽边相贴合。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电机转子，其中，所述第二安装槽(3)远离所述第一安装槽(2)的一侧设置有槽楔孔(8)，所述第二永磁体(5)为矩形块，所述槽楔孔(8)内设置有槽楔，所述槽楔卡紧所述第二永磁体(5)。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电机转子，其中，所述槽楔孔(8)与所述转子铁芯(1)的外圆之间形成第二隔磁桥(7)。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的电机转子，其中，所述夹角α＝165°。
  9. 根据权利要求2所述的电机转子，其中，在垂直于所述转子铁芯(1)的中心轴线的截面内，所述第一隔磁桥(6)的宽度为0.5mm～3mm；和/或，所述第一永磁体(4)的长度与所述第二永磁体(5)的长度比值为1.2～1.6。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的电机转子，其中，所述第一永磁体(4)所占据的圆心角度β为30°～35°。
  11. 一种电机，包括电机转子，其中，所述电机转子为权利要求1至10中任一项所述的电机转子。
PCT/CN2020/120597 2020-01-09 2020-10-13 电机转子和电机 WO2021139290A1 (zh)

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