WO2022113362A1 - 光学素子、撮像素子及び撮像装置 - Google Patents
光学素子、撮像素子及び撮像装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022113362A1 WO2022113362A1 PCT/JP2020/044560 JP2020044560W WO2022113362A1 WO 2022113362 A1 WO2022113362 A1 WO 2022113362A1 JP 2020044560 W JP2020044560 W JP 2020044560W WO 2022113362 A1 WO2022113362 A1 WO 2022113362A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pixel
- light
- structures
- pixels
- transparent layer
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 title claims 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 100
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 36
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 31
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 18
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- UMIVXZPTRXBADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzocyclobutene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCC2=C1 UMIVXZPTRXBADB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 etc. Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
- H01L27/146—Imager structures
- H01L27/14601—Structural or functional details thereof
- H01L27/14625—Optical elements or arrangements associated with the device
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
- H01L27/146—Imager structures
- H01L27/14601—Structural or functional details thereof
- H01L27/14625—Optical elements or arrangements associated with the device
- H01L27/14627—Microlenses
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/002—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of materials engineered to provide properties not available in nature, e.g. metamaterials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/02—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements made of crystals, e.g. rock-salt, semi-conductors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
- G02B5/201—Filters in the form of arrays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
- H01L27/146—Imager structures
- H01L27/14601—Structural or functional details thereof
- H01L27/14603—Special geometry or disposition of pixel-elements, address-lines or gate-electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
- H01L27/146—Imager structures
- H01L27/14601—Structural or functional details thereof
- H01L27/1462—Coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
- H01L27/146—Imager structures
- H01L27/14601—Structural or functional details thereof
- H01L27/1462—Coatings
- H01L27/14621—Colour filter arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/10—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from different wavelengths
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/50—Constructional details
- H04N23/55—Optical parts specially adapted for electronic image sensors; Mounting thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
- H01L27/146—Imager structures
- H01L27/14643—Photodiode arrays; MOS imagers
- H01L27/14645—Colour imagers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/10—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from different wavelengths
- H04N23/12—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from different wavelengths with one sensor only
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical element, an image pickup device, and an image pickup device.
- Some image sensors are equipped with optical elements such as microlenses and color filters.
- the color filter is shown in Non-Patent Document 1, for example.
- the present invention aims to reduce manufacturing costs.
- the optical element according to the present invention comprises a transparent layer for covering a plurality of pixels, each including a photoelectric conversion element, and a plurality of structures arranged on the transparent layer or in the transparent layer in the plane direction of the transparent layer.
- the plurality of structures are arranged so as to condense the light of the color corresponding to each of the plurality of pixels among the incident light to the corresponding pixels, and the plurality of structures view the transparent layer in a plan view. It is characterized by including structures having different types of cross-sectional shapes from each other.
- the image pickup device is characterized by including the above optical element and the plurality of pixels covered with the transparent layer.
- the image pickup device is characterized by including the above-mentioned image pickup element and a signal processing unit that generates an image signal based on an electric signal obtained from the image pickup element.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of an image pickup device and an image pickup device in which the optical element according to the embodiment is used.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of an image pickup device.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of an image pickup device.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of an image pickup device.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of an image pickup device.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing light collection to the corresponding pixel.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram schematically showing light collection to the corresponding pixel.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram schematically showing light collection to the corresponding pixel.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of an image pickup device and an image pickup device in which the optical element according to the embodiment is used.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of an image pickup device.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of the light intensity distribution on the pixel at each wavelength.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of light intensity distribution on a pixel at each wavelength.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of the light intensity distribution on the pixel at each wavelength.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a structure.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a structure.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a structure.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a structure.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a structure.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a structure.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an example of a combination of each wavelength and an optical phase delay amount.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an example of a combination of each wavelength and an optical phase delay amount.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing an example of lens design.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing an example of lens design.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing an example of lens design.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram showing an example of lens design.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing an example of lens design.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram showing an example of lens design.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram showing an example of lens design.
- FIG. 27 is a diagram showing an example of lens design.
- FIG. 28 is a diagram showing an example of lens design.
- FIG. 29 is a diagram showing an example of lens design.
- FIG. 29 is a diagram showing an example of lens design.
- FIG. 30 is a diagram showing an example of lens design.
- FIG. 31 is a diagram showing an example of lens design.
- FIG. 32 is a diagram showing an example of lens design.
- FIG. 33 is a diagram showing an example of lens design.
- FIG. 34 is a diagram showing an example of lens design.
- FIG. 35 is a diagram showing an example of lens design.
- FIG. 36 is a diagram showing an example of lens design.
- FIG. 37 is a diagram showing an example of lens design.
- FIG. 38 is a diagram showing an example of lens design.
- FIG. 39 is a diagram showing an example of lens design.
- FIG. 40 is a diagram showing an example of a spectrum of light incident on a pixel.
- FIG. 41 is a diagram showing an example of the intensity distribution of the light incident on the pixel.
- FIG. 40 is a diagram showing an example of a spectrum of light incident on a pixel.
- FIG. 41 is a diagram showing an example of the intensity distribution of the light incident on
- FIG. 42 is a diagram showing an example of the intensity distribution of the light incident on the pixel.
- FIG. 43 is a diagram showing an example of the intensity distribution of the light incident on the pixel.
- FIG. 44 is a diagram showing an example of a spectrum of light incident on a pixel.
- FIG. 45 is a diagram showing an example of the intensity distribution of light incident on a pixel.
- FIG. 46 is a diagram showing an example of the intensity distribution of light incident on a pixel.
- FIG. 47 is a diagram showing an example of the intensity distribution of the light incident on the pixel.
- FIG. 48 is a diagram showing an example of incident angle dependence.
- FIG. 49 is a diagram showing an example of incident angle dependence.
- FIG. 50 is a diagram showing an example of incident angle dependence.
- FIG. 51 is a diagram showing an example of incident angle dependence.
- FIG. 52 is a diagram showing an example of incident angle dependence.
- FIG. 53 is a diagram showing an example of incident angle dependence.
- FIG. 54 is a diagram showing an example of incident angle dependence.
- FIG. 55 is a diagram showing an example of incident angle dependence.
- FIG. 56 is a diagram showing an example of incident angle dependence.
- FIG. 57 is a diagram showing an example of incident angle dependence.
- FIG. 58 is a diagram showing an example of incident angle dependence.
- FIG. 59 is a diagram showing an example of incident angle dependence.
- FIG. 60 is a diagram showing an example of incident angle dependence.
- FIG. 61 is a diagram showing an example of incident angle dependence.
- FIG. 62 is a diagram showing an example of incident angle dependence.
- FIG. 61 is a diagram showing an example of incident angle dependence.
- FIG. 63 is a diagram showing an example of incident angle dependence.
- FIG. 64 is a diagram showing an example of incident angle dependence.
- FIG. 65 is a diagram showing an example of incident angle dependence.
- FIG. 66 is a diagram showing an example of incident angle dependence.
- FIG. 67 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of an image pickup device according to a modified example.
- FIG. 68 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of an image pickup device according to a modified example.
- FIG. 69 is a diagram showing an example of the cross-sectional shape of the structure.
- FIG. 70 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of an image pickup device according to a modified example.
- FIG. 70 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of an image pickup device according to a modified example.
- FIG. 71 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of an image pickup device according to a modified example.
- FIG. 72 is a diagram showing an example of a spectrum of light incident on a pixel.
- FIG. 73 is a diagram showing an example of a spectrum of light incident on a pixel.
- FIG. 74 is a diagram showing an example of incident angle dependence.
- FIG. 75 is a diagram showing an example of incident angle dependence.
- FIG. 76 is a diagram showing an example of incident angle dependence.
- FIG. 77 is a diagram showing an example of incident angle dependence.
- FIG. 78 is a diagram showing an example of incident angle dependence.
- FIG. 79 is a diagram showing an example of incident angle dependence.
- FIG. 80 is a diagram showing an example of incident angle dependence.
- FIG. 80 is a diagram showing an example of incident angle dependence.
- FIG. 81 is a diagram showing an example of incident angle dependence.
- FIG. 82 is a diagram showing an example of incident angle dependence.
- FIG. 83 is a diagram showing an example of incident angle dependence.
- FIG. 84 is a diagram showing an example of incident angle dependence.
- FIG. 85 is a diagram showing an example of incident angle dependence.
- FIG. 86 is a diagram showing an example of incident angle dependence.
- FIG. 87 is a diagram showing an example of incident angle dependence.
- FIG. 88 is a diagram showing an example of incident angle dependence.
- FIG. 89 is a diagram showing an example of incident angle dependence.
- FIG. 90 is a diagram showing an example of incident angle dependence.
- FIG. 91 is a diagram showing an example of incident angle dependence.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of an image pickup device and an image pickup device in which the optical element according to the embodiment is used.
- the image pickup apparatus 10 takes an image of the object 1 by using the light from the object 1 (subject) shown as a white arrow as incident light.
- the incident light is incident on the image pickup device 12 via the lens optical system 11.
- the signal processing unit 13 processes an electric signal from the image pickup device 12 to generate an image signal.
- FIGS. 2 to 5 are diagrams showing an example of a schematic configuration of an image pickup device.
- the XYZ coordinate system is shown.
- the XY plane direction corresponds to the plane direction of the pixel layer 3, the transparent layer 5, and the like, which will be described later.
- plane view refers to viewing in the Z-axis direction (for example, in the negative direction of the Z-axis).
- ide view refers to viewing in the X-axis direction or the Y-axis direction (for example, the Y-axis negative direction).
- the image pickup element 12 includes a wiring layer 2, a pixel layer 3, and an optical element 4.
- the wiring layer 2, the pixel layer 3, and the optical element 4 are provided in this order in the positive direction of the Z axis.
- FIG. 2 schematically shows the layout of the pixel layer 3 when viewed in a plan view.
- the pixel layer 3 is a pixel array including a plurality of pixels arranged in the XY plane direction.
- Each pixel is configured to include a photoelectric conversion element.
- An example of a photoelectric conversion element is a photodiode (PD: Photo Diode).
- PD Photo Diode
- Each pixel corresponds to any of the colors red (R), green (G) and blue (B).
- An example of the wavelength band of red light is 600 nm ⁇ 0 , where ⁇ 0 is the wavelength.
- An example of the wavelength band of green light is 500 nm ⁇ 0 ⁇ 600 nm.
- An example of the wavelength band of blue light is ⁇ 0 ⁇ 500 nm.
- Pixels R, Pixels G1, Pixels G2, and Pixels B are designated and illustrated so that each pixel can be distinguished by color. These four pixels R, pixel G 1 , pixel G 2 and pixel B are Bayer-arranged to form one pixel unit (color pixel unit).
- FIG. 3 shows an example of a cross section of the image pickup device 12 when viewed from the side along the line III-III'of FIG.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of a cross section of the image pickup device 12 when viewed from the side along the IV-IV'line of FIG.
- the arrows schematically indicate the light incident on the image sensor 12. The incident light travels along the negative direction of the Z axis and reaches the pixel layer 3 via the optical element 4.
- the optical element 4 concentrates the red light of the incident light on the pixel R, the green light on the pixel G1 and the pixel G2, and the blue light on the pixel B. Condensate.
- the electric charges generated in these pixels R, pixel G 1 , pixel G 2 , and pixel B are converted into electrical signals that are the basis of the pixel signal by a transistor (not shown) or the like, and are external to the image pickup element 12 via the wiring layer 2. Is output to. Some of the wiring contained in the wiring layer 2 is illustrated.
- the optical element 4 is provided so as to cover the pixel layer 3.
- An example of the optical element 4 is a metasurface.
- the metasurface is composed of a plurality of microstructures (corresponding to structure 6 described later) having a width equal to or less than the wavelength of light.
- the metasurface may have a two-dimensional structure or a three-dimensional structure.
- the phase and light intensity can be controlled according to the characteristics of light (wavelength, polarization, angle of incidence) simply by changing the parameters of the microstructure. In the case of a three-dimensional structure, the degree of freedom in design is improved as compared with the two-dimensional structure.
- the optical element 4 has two functions, a color separation function and a lens function.
- the color separation function is a function (spectral function, light separation function) that separates incident light into light of each color (each wavelength band).
- the lens function is a function of condensing light of each color on the corresponding pixel. In this example, the color separation function separates the incident light into red light, green light, and blue light.
- the red light is focused on the pixel R
- the green light is focused on the pixel G1 and the pixel G2
- the blue light is focused on the pixel B.
- the optical element 4 includes a transparent layer 5 and a structure 6.
- the transparent layer 5 is provided on the pixel layer 3 so as to cover the pixel layer 3.
- the transparent layer 5 may have a refractive index lower than that of the structure 6.
- An example of the material of the transparent layer 5 is SiO 2 and the like.
- the transparent layer 5 may be a void, in which case the refractive index of the transparent layer 5 may be equal to the refractive index of air.
- the material of the transparent layer 5 may be a single material, or a plurality of materials may be layered.
- the plurality of structures 6 are arranged on the transparent layer 5 or in the transparent layer 5 in the plane direction (XY plane direction) of the transparent layer 5, for example, periodically (having a periodic structure).
- the structure 6 is provided on the transparent layer 5 on the side opposite to the pixel layer 3 (on the Z-axis positive direction side) with the transparent layer 5 interposed therebetween.
- the plurality of structures 6 may be arranged at equal intervals or may be arranged at irregular intervals for the sake of facilitating the design.
- Each structure 6 is a nano-order-sized microstructure having a dimension as small as or smaller than the wavelength of the incident light.
- FIG. 5 schematically shows an example of a cross section of a plurality of structures 6 corresponding to the portion surrounded by the broken line V in FIG.
- the plurality of structures 6 include a plurality of structures 61 (first structure), a plurality of structures 62 (second structure), and a plurality of structures 63 (third structure). ..
- each of the plurality of structures 61 has the same type (first type) cross-sectional shape.
- Cross-sectional shapes of the same type include cross-sectional shapes with different dimensions (length, width, etc.).
- each of the plurality of structures 62 has the same type (second type) cross-sectional shape.
- Each of the plurality of structures 63 has the same type (third type) cross-sectional shape.
- the cross-sectional shape may be a four-fold rotationally symmetric shape. Such a cross-sectional shape may include, for example, at least one of a square shape, a cross shape, and a circular shape.
- the structure 61, the structure 62, and the structure 63 have different types of cross-sectional shapes from each other.
- the cross-sectional shape of the structure 61 is a square shape.
- the cross-sectional shape of the structure 62 is an X-shape.
- the X-shape is an example of a shape including a cross shape, and is a shape obtained by rotating the cross shape in an in-plane by 45 °.
- the cross-sectional shape of the structure 63 is a hollow rhombus shape.
- the hollow rhombus shape is an example of a shape including a square shape, and is a shape obtained by rotating the hollow square shape in-plane by 45 °.
- pixel R, pixel G 1 , pixel G 2 and pixel B are Bayer-arranged as described above, they face pixel G 1 (or pixel G 2 ), as can be seen from the comparison of FIGS. 2 and 5.
- the plurality of structures 6 arranged in the region have an overall arrangement structure in which the overall arrangement structure of the plurality of structures 6 arranged in the region facing the pixel G 2 (or pixel G 1 ) is rotated by 90 °. This is because the arrangement of the adjacent pixels R and B is different between the pixels G1 and the pixels G2.
- efficient light collection can be achieved even in a complicated color arrangement such as a Bayer arrangement. It will be possible.
- FIG. 6 to 8 are diagrams schematically showing light collection to the corresponding pixel.
- blue light is focused on the pixel B.
- the light of the color corresponding to the pixel B among the light incident on the outside of the region facing the pixel B is also arranged so as to be focused on the pixel B. Will be done.
- the amount of received light can be increased as compared with the case where only the light incident on the region facing the pixel B is focused on the pixel B.
- green light is focused on pixel G1 and pixel G2.
- the light of the color facing the pixel G1 and the pixel G2 among the light incident on the outside of the region facing the pixel G1 and the pixel G2 is also the light of the color facing the pixel G1 and the pixel G2. It is arranged so as to concentrate on 2 . As a result, the amount of received light can be increased as compared with the case where only the light incident on the region facing the pixels G1 and G2 is focused on the pixels G1 and G2.
- red light is focused on the pixel R.
- the plurality of structures 6 are arranged so that the light of the color corresponding to the pixel R among the light incident on the outside of the region facing the pixel R is also focused on the pixel R.
- the amount of received light can be increased as compared with the case where only the light incident on the region facing the pixel R is focused on the pixel R.
- FIG. 9 to 11 show an example of a light intensity distribution for each wavelength (an example of a calculation result). Areas with high light intensity are shown brightly.
- FIGS. 12 to 17 are diagrams showing an example of a schematic configuration of a structure.
- 12 and 13 show an example of a schematic configuration of the structure 61 when viewed from a side view and a plan view.
- 14 and 15 show an example of a schematic configuration of the structure 62 when viewed sideways and in a plan view.
- 16 and 17 show an example of a schematic configuration of the structure 63 when viewed sideways and in a plan view.
- the structure 61, the structure 62, and the structure 63 may be simply referred to as “structure 61 and the like”.
- the structure 61 and the like are columnar structures extending in the Z-axis direction, and are formed on the base 6a. Examples of materials for columnar structures are TiO 2 (refractive index 2.40) or SiN (refractive index 2.05).
- the base 6a constitutes a transparent layer below the columnar structure.
- the base 61a is, for example, a part of a SiO 2 substrate (refractive index 1.45). Air is on the sides and above the structure 61 and the like.
- the width of the base portion 6a corresponding to each structure 61 or the like is referred to as a width W and is shown in the figure.
- the width W of the base 6a gives the arrangement period of the structure 61 and the like.
- the width W may be set to W ⁇ ( ⁇ min / n 2 ) so that diffracted light does not occur on the transmission side.
- ⁇ min is the shortest wavelength in the wavelength band of the light receiving target, and is, for example, 410 nm.
- An example of the width W (arrangement period of the structure 61 or the like) is 280 nm.
- the height (length in the Z-axis direction) of the structure 61 or the like when viewed from the side is referred to as height H and is shown in the figure.
- the height H of the structure 61 and the like may be the same.
- the height H is H ⁇ ⁇ r so that the structure 61 or the like can give an optical phase delay amount (phase value) of 2 ⁇ or more to the incident light, that is, the light traveling along the Z-axis direction.
- / (N 1 ⁇ n 0 ) may be set.
- the wavelength ⁇ r is a desired center wavelength in the wavelength band on the longest wavelength side of the wavelength bands of light to be color-separated.
- n 1 is the refractive index of the structure 61 or the like.
- n 1 2.40
- the height H is, for example, 1250 nm.
- n 1 2.05
- the height H is, for example, 1600 nm.
- the cross-sectional shape of the structure 61 or the like including dimensional design
- the number of combinations increases and the degree of freedom in design is further improved.
- FIGS. 18 and 19 are diagrams showing an example of a combination of each wavelength and an optical phase delay amount.
- the square plot shows the amount of optical phase delay when various dimensions of the cross-sectional shape of the structure 61 having a square cross-sectional shape are set.
- the X-shaped plot shows the amount of optical phase delay when various dimensions of the cross-sectional shape are set in the structure 62 having the X-shaped cross-sectional shape.
- the rhombus plot shows the amount of optical phase delay when various dimensions of the cross-sectional shape are set in the structure 63 having the cross-sectional shape of the hollow rhombus shape. In both cases, the height H is constant.
- the black circle plot is an ideal amount of optical phase delay in the lens design described later.
- FIG. 18 shows the amount of optical phase delay when the structure 61 or the like is TiO 2 .
- FIG. 19 shows the amount of optical phase delay when the structure 61 or the like is SiN.
- the optical phase delay amount characteristic (phase characteristic) having various wavelength dispersions can be realized only by using a columnar structure having the same height H. This is because the wavelength dispersion characteristics of the resulting optical waveguide mode / optical resonance mode and the resulting optical phase delay amount can be changed depending on the cross-sectional shape.
- a lens function having different light collection points for each wavelength can be realized by designing the cross-sectional shape and arrangement of the structure 61 or the like arranged in the plane direction of the transparent layer 5. It should be noted that the lens design is possible not only when the wavelength is three but also when the wavelength is two or the wavelength is four or more.
- the cross-sectional shape and arrangement of the structure 61 and the like are designed so as to realize an ideal optical phase delay amount distribution (phase distribution).
- the cross-sectional shape and arrangement of the structure 61 and the like are designed according to the ideal optical phase delay amount distribution for each central wavelength of the wavelength bands of red light, green light, and blue light.
- the size of the pixel is 1.68 ⁇ m ⁇ 1.68 ⁇ m.
- the focal length is 4.2 ⁇ m.
- the central wavelength corresponding to blue light is 430 nm.
- the central wavelength corresponding to green light is 520 nm.
- the central wavelength corresponding to the red light is 635 m.
- ⁇ is expressed by the following equation.
- ⁇ d is the center wavelength (design wavelength).
- X f , Y f , and Z f are light collecting positions.
- n 2 is the refractive index of the base 6a.
- C is an arbitrary constant.
- the ideal optical phase delay amount distribution is a phase distribution that gives the following focusing positions to each of pixel B, pixel G 1 , pixel G 2 , and pixel R.
- the boundary region of the optical phase delay amount distribution is set so that the optical phase delay amount distribution at each center wavelength is symmetrical vertically and vertically (together with the adjacent lens) around the focusing position.
- the constant C may be optimized so that the error (difference from the ideal value) of the optical phase delay amount distribution is minimized at each wavelength. From the optical phase delay amount at each wavelength, the structure most suitable for the optical phase delay amount distribution at each central wavelength (the structure that minimizes the error) was arranged at the corresponding position.
- 20 to 29 show an example of lens design when the structure 61 or the like is TiO 2 .
- a plurality of structures 61 and the like are arranged.
- FIG. 21 shows an ideal optical phase delay amount distribution (Phase (rad / ⁇ )) when the center wavelength is 430 nm (blue light).
- the dashed line (Ideal) shows the ideal optical phase delay amount distribution
- the plot (Designed) shows the optical phase delay amount distribution obtained by the arrangement of the plurality of structures 61 and the like shown in FIG. 20 above.
- FIG. 24 shows an ideal optical phase delay amount distribution when the center wavelength is 520 nm (green light).
- FIG. 27 shows an ideal optical phase delay amount distribution when the center wavelength is 635 nm (red light).
- a near-ideal optical phase delay distribution can be obtained at any of the central wavelengths of 430 nm, 520 nm and 635 nm (blue light, green light and red light).
- FIG. 30 to 39 show an example of lens design when the structure 61 or the like is SiN. As shown in FIG. 30, a plurality of structures 61 and the like are arranged.
- FIG. 31 shows an ideal optical phase delay amount distribution when the center wavelength is 430 nm (blue light).
- FIG. 34 shows an ideal optical phase delay amount distribution when the center wavelength is 520 nm (green light).
- FIG. 37 shows an ideal optical phase delay amount distribution when the center wavelength is 635 nm (red light).
- a near-ideal optical phase delay distribution can be obtained at any of the central wavelengths of 430 nm, 520 nm and 635 nm (blue light, green light and red light).
- FIG. 40 shows an example of the spectrum of light incident on each pixel when the structure 61 or the like is TiO 2 .
- the spectrum is a spectrum when an unpolarized plane light wave is incident perpendicularly to a substrate (XY plane).
- the distance from the lower end (lens structure end) of the structure 61 or the like to the pixel layer 3 is 4.2 ⁇ m (lens focal length).
- the horizontal axis of the graph indicates wavelength (Wavelength (nm)).
- the vertical axis indicates the light receiving efficiency (Detected power).
- the light receiving efficiency is (light intensity on the pixel) / (light intensity incident on the structure 61 or the like). For example, when half of the light incident on the structure 61 or the like is incident on the pixel, the light receiving efficiency becomes 0.5.
- each pixel has a peak in the wavelength band of light of the corresponding color.
- the spectrum of light incident on the pixel R is shown by the graph line R.
- the spectra of the light incident on the pixels G1 and the pixel G2 are shown by the graph lines G1 and the graph line G2.
- the spectrum of light incident on pixel B is shown by graph line B.
- Each of the pixel R, the pixel G 1 , the pixel G 2 and the pixel B has a peak value larger than the upper limit value 0.2 of the comparative example, and the amount of received light received by the pixel may be larger than that of the comparative example.
- the light receiving efficiency of the pixel B greatly exceeds the upper limit value 0.2 of the comparative example.
- the light receiving efficiencies of the pixels G1 and the pixel G2 greatly exceed the upper limit of 0.2 in the comparative example.
- Even at the wavelength of 635 nm indicated by the marker MC the light receiving efficiency of the pixel R greatly exceeds the upper limit value 0.2 of the comparative example.
- the average value of the total transmittance, that is, (total light intensity on all pixels) / (incident light intensity on the structure 61, etc.) over a wavelength of 400 nm to 700 nm is 93.2%, and a general filter is used. It greatly exceeds the upper limit of 33% when it is present. From this, it can be seen that the light receiving efficiency of the pixels can be improved.
- FIG. 41 shows the intensity distribution of light (blue light) having the wavelength of the marker MA of FIG. 40. It can be seen that the distribution is concentrated in the pixel B.
- FIG. 42 shows the intensity distribution of light (green light) having the wavelength of the marker MB in FIG. 40. It can be seen that the distribution is concentrated in the pixels G1 and the pixels G2.
- FIG. 43 shows the intensity distribution of light (red light) having the wavelength of the marker MC of FIG. 40. It can be seen that the distribution is concentrated in the pixel R.
- FIG. 44 shows an example of the spectrum of light incident on each pixel when the structure 61 or the like is SiN. Similar to the case where the structure 61 or the like described above is SiO 2 , each of the pixel R, the pixel G 1 , the pixel G 2 and the pixel B has a peak value larger than the upper limit value 0.2 of the comparative example. The amount of light received by the pixels is larger than that of the comparative example. The total transmittance is 97.1%, which greatly exceeds the upper limit to 33% when a general filter is used.
- FIG. 45 shows the intensity distribution of light (blue light) having the wavelength of the marker MA of FIG. 44. It can be seen that the distribution is concentrated in the pixel B.
- FIG. 46 shows the intensity distribution of light (green light) having the wavelength of the marker MB of FIG. 44. The wavelength indicated by the marker MB in the case of this SiN is 520 nm. It can be seen that the distribution is concentrated in the pixels G1 and the pixels G2.
- FIG. 47 shows the intensity distribution of light (red light) having the wavelength of the marker MC of FIG. 44. It can be seen that the distribution is concentrated in the pixel R.
- 48 to 66 are views showing an example of incident angle dependence.
- 48 to 58 show an example of the incident angle dependence when the structure 61 or the like is TiO 2 .
- the pixel R, the pixel G1 , the pixel G2, and the pixel B are arranged.
- the incident angle dependence when the angle (Angle) in the XZ plane with the Z-axis direction as 0 ° is used as the incident angle is shown in FIGS. 50 to 53.
- the light receiving efficiency of the pixel R is shown as a spectrum for each wavelength (Wavelength ( ⁇ m)) and for each incident angle (Incient angle (degree)), that is, for each incident angle.
- FIG. 51 shows the light receiving efficiency of the pixel G 1 as a spectrum for each incident angle.
- FIG. 52 shows the light receiving efficiency of the pixel G 2 as a spectrum for each incident angle.
- FIG. 53 shows the light receiving efficiency of pixel B as a spectrum for each incident angle.
- the spectrum does not change significantly in the range of the incident angle of about ⁇ 12 °.
- FIGS. 54 the incident angle dependence when the angle (Angle) in the YZ plane with the Z-axis direction as 0 ° is the incident angle is shown in FIGS. 55 to 58.
- the light receiving efficiency of the pixel R is shown as a spectrum for each incident angle.
- FIG. 56 shows the light receiving efficiency of the pixel G 1 as a spectrum for each incident angle.
- FIG. 57 shows the light receiving efficiency of the pixel G 2 as a spectrum for each incident angle.
- FIG. 58 shows the light receiving efficiency of pixel B as a spectrum for each incident angle.
- the spectrum does not change significantly in the range of the incident angle of about ⁇ 12 °.
- FIGS. 59 to 66 show an example of the incident angle dependence when the structure 61 or the like is SiN.
- FIGS. 59 to 62 The incident angle dependence in the XZ plane as shown in FIG. 49 described above is shown in FIGS. 59 to 62.
- FIG. 59 shows the dependence of the incident angle on the pixel R.
- FIG. 60 shows the dependence of the incident angle on the pixel G1.
- FIG . 61 shows the dependence of the incident angle on the pixel G2.
- FIG. 62 shows the dependence of the incident angle on the pixel B.
- the spectrum does not change significantly in the range of the incident angle of about ⁇ 12 °.
- FIGS. 63 to 66 The angle of incidence dependence in the YZ plane as shown in FIG. 54 described above is shown in FIGS. 63 to 66.
- FIG. 63 shows the dependence of the incident angle on the pixel R.
- FIG. 64 shows the dependence of the incident angle on the pixel G1.
- FIG . 65 shows the dependence of the incident angle on the pixel G2.
- FIG. 66 shows the dependence of the incident angle on the pixel B.
- the spectrum does not change significantly in the range of the incident angle of about ⁇ 12 °.
- the incident angle has a resistance of at least ⁇ 12 °. This means that, for example, even when an image is taken using an image pickup lens having an NA (numerical aperture) of ⁇ 0.21, color errors are unlikely to occur.
- NA number of a general image pickup lens (telephoto) of a camera such as a smartphone
- the optical element 4 according to the embodiment may be used for a camera for a smartphone or the like. Since the resistance to the incident angle mainly depends on the focal length, the allowable angle can be further expanded by designing a lens having a shorter focal length.
- the image pickup device includes a filter (for example, a color filter) instead of the optical element 4. That is, a filter corresponding to the color of each pixel is provided so as to cover the pixel.
- a filter for example, a color filter
- the amount of light after passing through the filter remains only about 1/3 of the amount of light incident on the filter, and the light receiving efficiency is lowered.
- the image pickup device 12 according to the embodiment the amount of light is maintained higher than that (for example, more than 90%) as described above, so that the light receiving efficiency is significantly improved.
- a microlens is provided on the side opposite to the pixel with a filter in between. Some are (integrated).
- the structure since the structure has at least a two-layer structure of a filter and a microlens, the structure becomes complicated and the manufacturing cost increases.
- the optical element 4 according to the embodiment since the color separation function and the lens function can be realized only by the optical element 4, the structure can be simplified and the manufacturing cost can be reduced. Further, since the plurality of structures 6 can be arranged in the plane (in the XY plane) without gaps, the aperture ratio is increased as compared with the microlens.
- the signal processing unit 13 of the image pickup apparatus 10 will be described.
- the signal processing unit 13 generates a pixel signal based on the electric signal obtained from the image pickup device 12.
- the signal processing unit 13 also controls the image pickup element 12.
- the control of the image pickup element 12 includes exposure of the pixels of the image pickup element 12, conversion of the electric charge stored in the pixel layer 3 into an electric signal, reading of the electric signal, and the like.
- FIGS. 67 and 68 are diagrams showing an example of a schematic configuration of an image pickup device according to a modified example.
- the image pickup device 12A exemplified in FIG. 67 in the optical element 4A, a plurality of structures 6 are provided in the transparent layer 5.
- the structure 6 is embedded in the transparent layer 5 (on the PD) on the pixel layer 3.
- the transparent layer 5 in the image pickup device 12B exemplified in FIG. 68, in the optical element 4B, the transparent layer 5 includes a transparent substrate 5a and an air layer 5b.
- the plurality of structures 6 are provided on the transparent substrate 5a (supported by the transparent substrate 5a) so as to extend from the transparent substrate 5a toward the pixel layer 3 (in the negative direction of the Z axis).
- the cross-sectional shape of the structure 6 is not limited to the shape shown in FIG. 5 or the like described above.
- FIG. 69 is a diagram showing an example of the cross-sectional shape of the structure.
- the structure 6 may have various cross-sectional shapes as exemplified.
- the exemplified shape is, for example, a four-fold rotationally symmetric shape obtained by various combinations of a square shape, a cross shape, and a circular shape.
- the image sensor may be equipped with a filter.
- 70 and 71 are diagrams showing an example of a schematic configuration of an image pickup device according to such a modification.
- the exemplified image sensor 12C includes a filter layer 7 provided between the pixel layer 3 and the optical element 4.
- FIG. 70 shows an example of a cross section of the image pickup device 12C when the image pickup device 12 is replaced with the image pickup device 12C in FIG. 2 and viewed from the side along the line III-III'.
- FIG. 71 shows an example of a cross section of the image pickup device 12C when viewed from the side along the IV-IV'line when the image pickup device 12 is replaced with the image pickup device 12C in FIG.
- the filter layer 7 includes a filter 7R, a filter 7G 1 , a filter 7G 2 , and a filter 7B.
- the filter 7R is provided so as to cover the pixel R and allows red light to pass through.
- the filter 7G 1 is provided so as to cover the pixel G1 and allows green light to pass therethrough.
- the filter 7G 2 is provided so as to cover the pixel G2 and allows green light to pass therethrough.
- the filter 7B is provided so as to cover the pixel B and allows blue light to pass therethrough.
- Examples of the materials of the filter 7R, the filter 7G 1 , the filter 7G 2 and the filter 7B are organic materials such as resin.
- the light color-separated by the optical element 4 further passes through the filter layer 7 and then reaches the pixel layer 3.
- Color separation of both the optical element 4 and the filter layer 7 suppresses spectral crosstalk (removes most of the other unwanted color components) and color reproducibility compared to color separation of only one. Is improved.
- the amount of light is not significantly reduced. Therefore, the light receiving efficiency of the pixels is improved as compared with the case where the optical element 4 is not provided and only the filter layer 7 is provided.
- 72 and 73 are diagrams showing an example of the spectrum of light incident on the pixel.
- FIG. 72 shows an example of the spectrum when the structure 61 or the like is TiO 2 .
- the light receiving efficiency of the pixel R is shown by the graph line Metalens ⁇ R filter (R).
- the light receiving efficiency of the pixel G 1 and the pixel G 2 is shown by the graph line Metalens ⁇ G filter (G 1 or G 2 ).
- the light receiving efficiency of the pixel B is shown by the graph line Metalens ⁇ R filter (B).
- the graph line R filter (R) the light receiving efficiency of the pixel R when the optical element 4 is not provided and only a general filter is provided is shown by the graph line R filter (R).
- the light receiving efficiency of the pixel G is indicated by the graph line G filter (G 1 or G 2 ).
- the light receiving efficiency of pixel B is shown by the graph line B filter (B).
- the peak values of the spectra of the pixels R, the pixel G 1 , the pixel G 2 , and the pixel B are about 1.2 to 2.0 times that of the comparative example, and a higher light receiving efficiency than that of the comparative example can be obtained.
- the total transmittance is also 43.3%, which greatly exceeds 34.7% of the comparative example (about 1.25 times). Further, it can be seen that the spectrum of the light incident on each pixel is sharper than the spectrum of the comparative example, and the unnecessary other color components can be reduced by that amount. This enhances color reproducibility.
- FIG. 73 shows an example of the spectrum when the structure 61 or the like is SiN.
- the peak values of the spectra of the pixels R, the pixel G 1 , the pixel G 2 , and the pixel B are about 1.2 to 2.0 times that of the comparative example, and a higher light receiving efficiency than that of the comparative example can be obtained.
- the total transmittance is also 45%, which is much higher than the 34.7% of the comparative example (about 1.30 times). Further, it can be seen that the spectrum of the light incident on each pixel is sharper than that of the comparative example as compared with the comparative example, and it is possible to reduce unnecessary other color components by that amount. This enhances color reproducibility.
- FIGS. 74 to 91. 74 to 83 show an example of the angle of incidence dependence when the structure 6 is TiO 2 .
- FIGS. 75-78 The angle of incidence dependence in the XZ plane as shown in FIG. 74 is shown in FIGS. 75-78.
- FIG. 75 shows the dependence of the incident angle on the pixel R.
- FIG. 76 shows the dependence of the incident angle on the pixel G1.
- FIG . 77 shows the dependence of the incident angle on the pixel G2.
- FIG. 78 shows the dependence of the incident angle on the pixel B.
- the spectrum does not change significantly in the range of the incident angle of about ⁇ 12 °.
- FIGS. 80-83 The angle of incidence dependence on the YZ plane as shown in FIG. 79 is shown in FIGS. 80-83.
- FIG. 80 shows the dependence of the incident angle on the pixel R.
- FIG. 81 shows the dependence of the incident angle on the pixel G1.
- FIG . 82 shows the dependence of the incident angle on the pixel G2.
- FIG. 83 shows the dependence of the incident angle on the pixel B.
- the spectrum does not change significantly in the range of the incident angle of about ⁇ 12 °.
- FIGS. 84 to 91 show an example of the incident angle dependence when the structure 61 or the like is SiN.
- FIGS. 84 to 87 The incident angle dependence in the XZ plane as shown in FIG. 74 described above is shown in FIGS. 84 to 87.
- FIG. 84 shows the dependence of the incident angle on the pixel R.
- FIG. 85 shows the dependence of the incident angle on the pixel G1.
- FIG . 86 shows the dependence of the incident angle on the pixel G2.
- FIG. 87 shows the dependence of the incident angle on the pixel B.
- the spectrum does not change significantly in the range of the incident angle of about ⁇ 12 °.
- FIGS. 88 to 91 The incident angle dependence in the YZ plane as shown in FIG. 79 described above is shown in FIGS. 88 to 91.
- FIG. 88 shows the dependence of the incident angle on the pixel R.
- FIG. 89 shows the dependence of the incident angle on the pixel G1.
- FIG . 90 shows the dependence of the incident angle on the pixel G2.
- FIG. 91 shows the dependence of the incident angle on the pixel B.
- the spectrum does not change significantly in the range of the incident angle of about ⁇ 12 °.
- the image pickup device 12C also provided with the filter layer 7, the light receiving efficiency can be improved and the color reproducibility can be further improved.
- TiO 2 and SiN have been described as examples of the materials of the structure 6.
- the material of the structure 6 is not limited to them.
- SiC, TiO 2 , GaN or the like may be used as the material of the structure 6 in addition to SiN. It is suitable because it has a high refractive index and low absorption loss.
- Si, SiC, SiCN, TiO 2 , GaAs, GaN and the like may be used as the material of the structure 6. Suitable because of its low loss.
- InP or the like can be used as the material of the structure 6 in addition to the above-mentioned materials.
- polyimide such as fluorinated polyimide, BCB (benzocyclobutene), photocurable resin, UV epoxy resin, acrylic resin such as PMMA, polymer such as resist in general, etc. Etc. are mentioned as materials.
- the present invention is not limited thereto. Any material having a refractive index lower than that of the material of the structure 6, including a general glass material, and having a low loss with respect to the wavelength of the incident light may be used.
- the transparent layer 5 may be made of the same material as the color filter, for example, an organic material such as a resin, as long as the loss is sufficiently low with respect to the wavelength of light to reach the corresponding pixel. good.
- the transparent layer 5 is not only made of the same material as the color filter, but also has the same structure as the color filter, and is designed to have absorption characteristics according to the wavelength of light to be guided to the corresponding pixel. You may.
- the three primary colors of RGB have been described as an example of the corresponding colors of the pixels, but the pixels also correspond to light having a wavelength other than the three primary colors (for example, infrared light, ultraviolet light, etc.). It's okay.
- the optical element 4 includes a transparent layer 5 for covering a plurality of pixels (pixel R, etc.) each including a photoelectric conversion element.
- a plurality of structures 6 arranged on the transparent layer 5 or in the transparent layer 5 in the plane direction (XY plane direction) of the transparent layer 5 are provided.
- the plurality of structures 6 are arranged so as to condense the colors (for example, red, green, and blue) corresponding to each of the plurality of pixels of the incident light to the corresponding pixels.
- the plurality of structures 6 have different types of cross-sectional shapes (for example, a square shape, an X-shape, and a hollow rhombus shape) when the transparent layer 5 is viewed in a plan view (when viewed in the Z-axis direction).
- the structure 61, the structure 62 and the structure 63 are included.
- the above optical element 4 has both a color separation function and a lens function (condensing function). Therefore, as compared with the case where a filter (for example, a color filter) corresponding to each pixel is provided or a microlens is provided, the light receiving efficiency of the pixel can be significantly improved and the light receiving sensitivity can be improved. Since the structure is simplified, the manufacturing cost can be reduced. Since the plurality of structures 6 can be arranged in the plane without gaps, the aperture ratio is also increased as compared with the microlens.
- each of the plurality of structures 6 has a refractive index higher than that of the transparent layer 5, and corresponds to the cross-sectional shape with respect to the incident light. It may be a columnar structure that gives an optical phase delay amount. As described with reference to FIGS. 20 to 39 and the like, the plurality of structures 6 may be arranged according to the optical phase delay amount distribution for realizing the above-mentioned light collection. For example, by arranging such a plurality of structures 6, both the color separation function and the lens function can be realized.
- the cross-sectional shape of each of the plurality of structures 6 may be a four-fold rotationally symmetric shape. This makes it possible to prevent polarization dependence from occurring.
- the plurality of structures 6 also include light of a color corresponding to the one pixel among the light incident on the outside of the region facing the one pixel. It may be arranged so as to focus on one pixel. As a result, the amount of received light can be increased as compared with the case where only the light incident on the region facing one pixel is focused on the pixel.
- the plurality of pixels are Bayer-arranged in one pixel R corresponding to red, two pixels G1 and G2 corresponding to green, and blue.
- a plurality of structures including a pixel unit composed of one corresponding pixel B and arranged in a region facing one pixel (for example, pixel G 1 ) corresponding to green in the pixel unit among the plurality of structures 6.
- Reference numeral 6 may have an overall arrangement structure in which the overall arrangement structure of the plurality of structures arranged in the region facing the other pixel corresponding to green (for example, pixel G2) is rotated by 90 °.
- the image pickup device 12 described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5 and the like is also an aspect of the present disclosure.
- the image pickup device 12 includes an optical element 4 and a plurality of pixels (pixel R and the like) covered with the transparent layer 5.
- pixel R and the like the manufacturing cost can be reduced. It is also possible to improve the light receiving sensitivity and increase the aperture ratio.
- the image pickup device 12C may include a filter layer 7 provided between a plurality of pixels (pixel R or the like) and the transparent layer 5. As a result, the light receiving efficiency can be improved and the color reproducibility can be further improved.
- the image pickup apparatus 10 described with reference to FIG. 1 and the like is also an aspect of the present disclosure.
- the image pickup device 10 includes the above-mentioned image pickup element 12 and a signal processing unit 13 that generates an image signal based on a pixel signal based on an electric signal obtained from the image pickup element 12.
- the manufacturing cost can be reduced. It is also possible to improve the light receiving sensitivity and increase the aperture ratio.
- Pixel layer 4 Pixel layer 4
- Optical element 5 Transparent layer 6
- Filter layer 10 Image pickup device 11
- Lens optical system 12 Image pickup element 61
- Structure 62 Structure 63
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid State Image Pick-Up Elements (AREA)
- Color Television Image Signal Generators (AREA)
Abstract
Description
画素B:Xf=+0.84μm、yf=-0.84μm、Zf=4.2μm
画素G1:Xf=+0.84μm、yf=+0.84μm、Zf=4.2μm
画素G2:Xf=―0.84μm、yf=―0.84μm、Zf=4.2μm
画素R:Xf=―0.84μm、yf=+0.84μm、Zf=4.2μm
φは、0~2πの範囲に収まるように変換している。例えば、-0.5π及び2.5πは、1.5π及び0.5πにそれぞれに変換している。各中心波長における光位相遅延量分布が、集光位置を中心に(隣接レンズとあわせて)左右上下対称となるように光位相遅延量分布の境界領域を設定した。定数Cは、各波長において、光位相遅延量分布のエラー(理想値との差)が最小になるように最適化されてよい。各波長における光位相遅延量から、各中心波長での光位相遅延量分布に最も適合する構造(エラーが最小になる構造)を、対応する位置に配置した。
4 光学素子
5 透明層
6 構造体
7 フィルタ層
10 撮像装置
11 レンズ光学系
12 撮像素子
61 構造体
62 構造体
63 構造体
R 画素
G1 画素
G2 画素
B 画素
Claims (8)
- 各々が光電変換素子を含む複数の画素を覆うための透明層と、
前記透明層上又は前記透明層内において前記透明層の面方向に配置された複数の構造体と、
を備え、
前記複数の構造体は、入射した光のうち、前記複数の画素それぞれに対応する色の光を、対応する画素に集光するように配置され、
前記複数の構造体は、前記透明層を平面視したときに、互いに異なる種類の断面形状を有する構造体を含むことを特徴とする、
光学素子。 - 前記複数の構造体の各々は、前記透明層の屈折率よりも高い屈折率を有し、入射した光に対して断面形状に応じた光位相遅延量を与える柱状構造体であり、
前記複数の構造体は、前記集光を実現するための光位相量遅延分布に従って配置されることを特徴とする、
請求項1に記載の光学素子。 - 前記複数の構造体の各々の断面形状は、4回回転対称形状であることを特徴とする、
請求項1又は2に記載の光学素子。 - 前記複数の構造体は、1つの画素と対向する領域の外側に入射した光のうちの当該1つの画素に対応する色の光も当該1つの画素に集光するように配置されることを特徴とする、
請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の光学素子。 - 前記複数の画素は、ベイヤー配列された、赤色に対応する1つの画素、緑色に対応する2つの画素及び青色に対応する1つの画素からなる画素ユニットを含み、
前記複数の構造体のうち、前記画素ユニット中の緑色に対応する一方の画素と対向する領域に配置された複数の構造体は、緑色に対応する他方の画素と対向する領域に配置された複数の構造体の全体配置構造を90°回転させた全体配置構造を有することを特徴とする、
請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の光学素子。 - 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の光学素子と、
前記透明層で覆われた前記複数の画素と、
を備えることを特徴とする、
撮像素子。 - 前記複数の画素と前記透明層との間に設けられたフィルタ層を備えることを特徴とする、
請求項6に記載の撮像素子。 - 請求項6又は7に記載の撮像素子と、
前記撮像素子から得られた電気信号に基づいて画像信号を生成する信号処理部と、
を備えることを特徴とする、
撮像装置。
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2022565015A JPWO2022113362A1 (ja) | 2020-11-30 | 2020-11-30 | |
CN202080107529.7A CN116529637A (zh) | 2020-11-30 | 2020-11-30 | 光学元件、摄像元件以及摄像装置 |
KR1020237017916A KR20230093325A (ko) | 2020-11-30 | 2020-11-30 | 광학 소자, 촬상 소자 및 촬상장치 |
EP20963625.7A EP4242702A1 (en) | 2020-11-30 | 2020-11-30 | Optical element, imaging element, and imaging device |
US18/039,048 US20240006440A1 (en) | 2020-11-30 | 2020-11-30 | Optical element, image sensor and imaging device |
PCT/JP2020/044560 WO2022113362A1 (ja) | 2020-11-30 | 2020-11-30 | 光学素子、撮像素子及び撮像装置 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2020/044560 WO2022113362A1 (ja) | 2020-11-30 | 2020-11-30 | 光学素子、撮像素子及び撮像装置 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2022113362A1 true WO2022113362A1 (ja) | 2022-06-02 |
Family
ID=81754186
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2020/044560 WO2022113362A1 (ja) | 2020-11-30 | 2020-11-30 | 光学素子、撮像素子及び撮像装置 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20240006440A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP4242702A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2022113362A1 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20230093325A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN116529637A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2022113362A1 (ja) |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2010156942A (ja) * | 2008-12-31 | 2010-07-15 | Ind Technol Res Inst | 色分離光学装置およびそれを応用した画像装置 |
JP2011040441A (ja) * | 2009-08-06 | 2011-02-24 | Panasonic Corp | 固体撮像装置 |
JP2015028960A (ja) * | 2011-12-01 | 2015-02-12 | ソニー株式会社 | 固体撮像装置および電子機器 |
JP2018146750A (ja) * | 2017-03-03 | 2018-09-20 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | 表示装置、表示方法及び色分離素子 |
JP2019184986A (ja) * | 2018-04-17 | 2019-10-24 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | カラー撮像素子および撮像装置 |
WO2020066738A1 (ja) * | 2018-09-26 | 2020-04-02 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 偏光イメージング撮像システム |
JP2020123964A (ja) * | 2018-04-17 | 2020-08-13 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | カラー撮像素子および撮像装置 |
-
2020
- 2020-11-30 JP JP2022565015A patent/JPWO2022113362A1/ja active Pending
- 2020-11-30 KR KR1020237017916A patent/KR20230093325A/ko active Search and Examination
- 2020-11-30 WO PCT/JP2020/044560 patent/WO2022113362A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2020-11-30 CN CN202080107529.7A patent/CN116529637A/zh active Pending
- 2020-11-30 US US18/039,048 patent/US20240006440A1/en active Pending
- 2020-11-30 EP EP20963625.7A patent/EP4242702A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2010156942A (ja) * | 2008-12-31 | 2010-07-15 | Ind Technol Res Inst | 色分離光学装置およびそれを応用した画像装置 |
JP2011040441A (ja) * | 2009-08-06 | 2011-02-24 | Panasonic Corp | 固体撮像装置 |
JP2015028960A (ja) * | 2011-12-01 | 2015-02-12 | ソニー株式会社 | 固体撮像装置および電子機器 |
JP2018146750A (ja) * | 2017-03-03 | 2018-09-20 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | 表示装置、表示方法及び色分離素子 |
JP2019184986A (ja) * | 2018-04-17 | 2019-10-24 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | カラー撮像素子および撮像装置 |
JP2020123964A (ja) * | 2018-04-17 | 2020-08-13 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | カラー撮像素子および撮像装置 |
WO2020066738A1 (ja) * | 2018-09-26 | 2020-04-02 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | 偏光イメージング撮像システム |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
MONNOYUSUKE ET AL.: "Single-Sensor RGB-NIR Imaging: High-Quality System Design and Prototype Implementation", IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL, vol. 19, no. 2, 2018, pages 497 - 507, XP011694666, DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2018.2876774 |
TAKANORI KUDOYUKI NANJOYUKO NOZAKIKAZUYA NAGAOHIDEMASA YAMAGUCHIWEN-BING KANGGEORG PAWLOWSKI: "PIGMENTED PHOTORESISTS FOR COLOR FILTERS", JOURNAL OF PHOTOPOLYMER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, vol. 9, no. 1, 1996, pages 109 - 119 |
Y. MONNOH. TERANAKAK. YOSHIZAKIM. TANAKAM. OKUTOMI: "Single-sensor RGB-NIR imaging: High-quality system design and prototype implementation", IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL, vol. 19, no. 2, 2018, pages 497 - 507, XP011694666, DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2018.2876774 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPWO2022113362A1 (ja) | 2022-06-02 |
CN116529637A (zh) | 2023-08-01 |
KR20230093325A (ko) | 2023-06-27 |
EP4242702A1 (en) | 2023-09-13 |
US20240006440A1 (en) | 2024-01-04 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US11733100B2 (en) | Polarization imaging system | |
KR20200099832A (ko) | 다층 메타 렌즈 및 이를 포함하는 광학 장치 | |
KR20200029572A (ko) | 컬러촬상소자 및 촬상장치 | |
JP2009252978A (ja) | 固体撮像素子およびその製造方法 | |
JP2006351972A (ja) | 固体撮像素子、固体撮像装置およびその製造方法 | |
JP2010170085A (ja) | 光学素子、及びこれを用いたイメージセンサ、撮像装置 | |
WO2005059607A1 (ja) | 集光素子および固体撮像装置 | |
US8848092B2 (en) | Solid-state imaging device and electronic apparatus | |
WO2021070305A1 (ja) | 分光素子アレイ、撮像素子および撮像装置 | |
WO2022079757A1 (ja) | 光学素子、撮像素子及び撮像装置 | |
JP2005286034A (ja) | 撮像素子 | |
WO2022113362A1 (ja) | 光学素子、撮像素子及び撮像装置 | |
WO2021059409A1 (ja) | 撮像素子および撮像装置 | |
US9257469B2 (en) | Color imaging device | |
WO2022079766A1 (ja) | 撮像素子及び撮像装置 | |
US20230239552A1 (en) | Image sensor and imaging device | |
WO2022113352A1 (ja) | 光学素子、撮像素子及び撮像装置 | |
WO2022113363A1 (ja) | 光学素子、撮像素子及び撮像装置 | |
CN113345925A (zh) | 像素单元、图像传感器及光谱仪 | |
WO2023021632A1 (ja) | 光学素子、撮像素子及び撮像装置 | |
US20230411420A1 (en) | Image sensor and imaging device | |
WO2022079765A1 (ja) | 光学素子、撮像素子及び撮像装置 | |
JP7265195B2 (ja) | カラー撮像素子および撮像装置 | |
EP3698405A1 (en) | Image sensor comprising pixels for preventing or reducing the crosstalk effect |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 20963625 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2022565015 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20237017916 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 18039048 Country of ref document: US Ref document number: 202080107529.7 Country of ref document: CN |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2020963625 Country of ref document: EP |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2020963625 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20230609 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |