WO2022107993A1

WO2022107993A1 - Surface lamination method and surface lamination apparatus using direct energy deposition device without making pores between bead rows

Info

Publication number: WO2022107993A1
Application number: PCT/KR2021/000327
Authority: WO
Inventors: 심도식; 노재엽
Original assignee: 한국해양대학교 산학협력단
Priority date: 2020-11-18
Filing date: 2021-01-11
Publication date: 2022-05-27
Also published as: KR102373299B1

Abstract

A surface lamination method using a direct energy deposition (DED) device without making pores between bead rows is disclosed. The surface lamination method using the DED device without making pores between bead rows forms a first bead row laminated by means of a first linear movement of a nozzle of the DED device, and a second bead row laminated so as to be partially overlapped with the first bead row by means of a second linear movement of the nozzle of the DED device for overlapping the first bead row, and increases the laser output of the DED device if the inclination of a surface to be laminated is increased.

Description

Area layer method and area layer device by direct deposition lamination device without pores between bead rows and bead rows

The present invention relates to an areal layer method and an areal layer device by a direct deposition lamination apparatus, and more particularly, a pore between the bead row and the bead row capable of stacking the bead row without pores between the bead rows in planar and inclined surfaces. It relates to an areal layer method and an areal layer apparatus by a direct deposition lamination apparatus without a direct deposition apparatus.

The area layer by Direct Energy Deposition (DED) is a 3D printing technology in which a cladding material such as metal powder is supplied to the surface to be laminated and melted and laminated with high energy such as a laser at the same time.

The area layer method by Direct Energy Deposition (DED) has high productivity and is advantageous for large parts application. It is used in fields such as manufacturing of production parts.

In the area layering process by direct energy deposition (DED), the direct energy deposition device moves linearly and stacks rows of beads in the form of lines generated by supplying the cladding material to the surface to be laminated. At this time, the beads The cladding layer is formed by stacking the rows of beads and the rows of beads while overlapping each other so that no pores are generated between or inside the rows. The overlap ratio between the bead string and the bead string is preset.

However, when the bead rows are stacked on a flat surface to be laminated at a preset overlap ratio, overlap between the rows of beads is made at a set ratio, but when the surface to be laminated is an inclined surface, the overlap between the rows of beads and the rows of beads decreases or overlaps There was a problem that this didn't happen.

As such, when pores are generated between the rows of beads, cracks in the cladding layer stacked on the surface to be laminated may occur.

Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is an area layer method by a direct welding lamination device without pores between the bead rows and the bead rows so that the bead rows can be laminated without pores between the bead rows laminated on the laminated surface of the flat and inclined surfaces, and To provide an areal layer device.

The areal layering method by the direct deposition lamination apparatus having no pores between the bead row and the bead row according to an embodiment of the present invention is an areal layering method by a direct energy deposition (DED). The first bead row stacked by the first linear movement of the nozzles and the first bead row by the second linear movement of the nozzles of the direct welding lamination apparatus configured to overlap the first bead row were partially overlapped with the second bead row stacked In the forming method, when pores are generated between the first and second rows of beads, the degree of inclination of the surface to be laminated is increased.

The first linear movement and the second linear movement refer to the movement of a straight line or a curved line of the nozzle, and the overlap refers to a state in which a bead string and a part of the bead string are overlapped and stacked, and the pores are between the bead string and the bead string. It means that no overlap occurs, and the bead heat means a straight or curved stacked row of a molten pool generated of a cladding material such as metal powder supplied to the stacked surface from the nozzle of the direct deposition lamination apparatus.

In order to implement the area layer method by the direct deposition lamination device without pores between the bead row and the bead row, an area layer device by the direct deposition lamination device without pores between the bead row and the bead row is used, and the bead row and the bead row are used for the area layer method. The area layer apparatus by the direct deposition apparatus without pores in between is an area layer apparatus by the direct energy deposition (DED), and is formed by first linear movement of the nozzle of the direct deposition apparatus. In the apparatus for forming a second bead row in which a first bead row partially overlaps a first bead row by a second linear movement of a nozzle of a direct welding lamination apparatus configured to overlap the first bead row and the first bead row, between the bead row and the bead row It may include a porosity checking means for confirming the occurrence of pores, and an inclined plane control means for adjusting the degree of inclination of the surface to be laminated when the pores are checked by the porosity checking means.

The porosity checking means is not particularly limited as long as it is a form that can check the pores between the bead row and the bead row, that is, whether the bead row and the bead row overlap or the overlapping range between the bead row and the bead row is small and the pores are generated.

Adjusting the degree of inclination refers to a process of increasing the inclination of the surface to be laminated or lowering the increased inclination, and the inclined surface control means is not particularly limited as long as the inclination degree of the surface to be laminated can be adjusted.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the area layer method by the direct deposition lamination device without pores between the rows of beads and the rows of beads is an areal layer method by a direct energy deposition (DED), and is a direct deposition device. The first bead row stacked by the first linear movement of the nozzle of In the method of forming a layer, when the inclination of the surface to be laminated is increased, it is characterized in that the laser output of the direct deposition lamination apparatus is increased.

Increasing the output of the laser means increasing the output of the laser to increase the width of the bead row in the direct deposition lamination apparatus.

The increase in the inclination of the laminated surface means that the surface on which the rows of beads are stacked has an inclination due to the presence of the inclined surface on the laminated surface.

Specifically, the width (w) of the first and second bead rows and the first and second bead rows when the slope of the surface to be laminated of the direct deposition lamination apparatus is flat, and the overlap length (a) of the first and second bead rows, When cos(θ) of the slope (θ) of the surface is equal to or smaller than (w-a)/w, the intensity of the laser can be increased.

The range for determining whether cos(θ) of the inclination (θ) of the laminated surface is equal to or smaller than (w-a)/w may be in the range of 0 degrees or more and less than 90 degrees or 0 degrees or more and 180 degrees or less. .

In order to implement the area layer method by the direct deposition lamination device without pores between the bead row and the bead row, an area layer device by the direct deposition lamination device without pores between the bead row and the bead row is used, and the bead row and the bead row are used for the area layer method. The area layer apparatus by the direct deposition apparatus without pores in between is an area layer apparatus by the direct energy deposition (DED), and is formed by first linear movement of the nozzle of the direct deposition apparatus. In the apparatus for forming a second bead row in which a first bead row partially overlaps a first bead row by a second linear movement of a nozzle of a direct welding lamination apparatus configured to overlap the first bead row and the first bead row, between the bead row and the bead row It includes a porosity checking means for confirming the occurrence of pores, and a laser output control means for increasing the laser output of the direct deposition lamination apparatus when the pores are confirmed by the porosity checking means.

The porosity checking means compares the first and second bead rows set width w and the first and second bead rows when the inclination of the lamination surface of the direct deposition lamination apparatus is flat at the overlap length (a). , and a control unit configured to determine whether cos(θ) of the inclination θ of the layer to be laminated is equal to or smaller than (w-a)/w, and to increase the laser intensity if equal to or smaller than (w-a)/w.

According to the present invention, it is possible to control in real time whether or not pores are generated in the surface to be laminated during the area layering process by the direct deposition lamination apparatus so that pores are not generated between the rows of beads even in the surface to be laminated having a slope. , there is an advantage in that a good quality laminated surface without post cracks can be obtained by always stacking rows of beads without pores on the laminated surface in a flat state and the laminated surface having an inclination.

1 shows a state in which a direct deposition lamination apparatus is linearly moved for an area layer.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the configuration of an area layer device by a direct deposition lamination device having no pores between a row of beads and a row of beads according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the configuration of an area layer device by a direct deposition lamination apparatus having no pores between a row of beads and a row of beads according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4A is an enlarged view illustrating an overlapping state in which the first bead row and the second bead row shown in FIG. 3 overlap.

FIG. 4B is a diagram illustrating a case where cos(θ) of the inclination θ of the measurement surface becomes equal to (w-a)/w.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings, the areal layer method and the areal layer device by the direct deposition lamination apparatus having no pores between the bead rows and the bead rows according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail. Since the present invention can have various changes and can have various forms, specific embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and described in detail in the text. However, this is not intended to limit the present invention to the specific disclosed form, it should be understood to include all modifications, equivalents and substitutes included in the spirit and scope of the present invention. In describing each figure, like reference numerals have been used for like elements. In the accompanying drawings, the dimensions of the structures are enlarged than the actual size for clarity of the present invention.

Terms such as first, second, etc. may be used to describe various elements, but the elements should not be limited by the terms. The above terms are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the present invention, a first component may be referred to as a second component, and similarly, a second component may also be referred to as a first component.

The terms used in the present application are only used to describe specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The singular expression includes the plural expression unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In the present application, terms such as “comprise” or “have” are intended to designate that a feature, number, step, operation, component, part, or a combination thereof described in the specification exists, but one or more other features It is to be understood that it does not preclude the possibility of the presence or addition of numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

Unless defined otherwise, all terms used herein, including technical and scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the meaning in the context of the related art, and should not be interpreted in an ideal or excessively formal meaning unless explicitly defined in the present application. does not

As shown in FIG. 1 , the Directed Energy Deposition (DED) 1100 overlaps the first bead row 11 and the first bead row stacked by the first linear movement of the nozzle 1110 . The process of forming the second bead row partially overlapping the first bead row by the second linear movement of the direct deposition lamination apparatus 1100 configured to to be layered by area.

In the areal layering method by a direct deposition lamination apparatus having no pores between the bead row and the bead row according to an embodiment of the present invention, the overlap between the first bead row 11 and the second bead row 12 in the area layering process A ratio is preset, and the preset overlap ratio is a ratio in a plane, and according to the overlap ratio, the first bead row 11 and the second bead row 12 are laminated on the laminated surface 13 to overlap. When a pore is generated between the first and second bead rows 12, the degree of inclination of the laminated surface 13 is increased.

For example, the overlap ratio may be set so that each bead row overlaps by half the width.

In the area layer method according to the embodiment of the present invention, the pores between the first and second bead rows 12 are formed in the first and second bead rows ( 12) If there is a pore in between, increase the degree of inclination. The degree of inclination may be adjusted while checking the stacked state of the first and second bead rows 12 .

For the realization of the area layer method by the direct deposition lamination apparatus having no pores between the bead row and the bead row according to the embodiment of the present invention, the direct deposition lamination apparatus without the pore between the bead row and the bead row is described below. An areal layer arrangement is used.

Referring to FIG. 2 , the area layer apparatus by the direct deposition lamination apparatus having no pores between the bead row and the bead row according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a direct deposition lamination apparatus 1100 ; Pore checking means 1200; and a slope control means 1300 .

Although not specifically illustrated, the direct deposition lamination apparatus 1100 includes, for example, a nozzle configured to enable supply of metal powder, laser irradiation, and gas supply, and a laser disposed on one side of the nozzle at the center of the nozzle. The laser and gas output from the output device are irradiated, and a powder supply unit for supplying metal powder is provided on the body of the nozzle so that the metal powder is supplied through the powder supply unit.

The porosity checking means 1200 may check whether pores are generated between the bead rows and the bead rows stacked so as to overlap each other on the surface to be laminated by the direct deposition lamination apparatus 1100 . For example, the porosity checking means 1200 is a form that can check between the bead row and the bead row while zooming in and out, or linear movement of the direct welding lamination apparatus 1100 It may be in a form that can confirm between the bead row and the bead row while moving along, and the method of confirming the pores between the bead row and the bead row, for example, may be in the form of a non-destructive test such as X-ray imaging, or in the form of an optical microscope. .

The inclined plane control means 1300 may adjust the degree of inclination of the laminated surface 13 when the porosity is checked by the porosity checking means 1200 . For example, the inclined surface control means 1300 may be a mechanical device capable of adjusting the degree of inclination of the laminated surface 13 while varying the height of the base material having the laminated surface 13 .

Hereinafter, a process of stacking overlapping bead rows on a laminated surface using an area layer apparatus by a direct deposition lamination apparatus having no pores between the bead rows and the bead rows according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below.

First, the direct deposition lamination apparatus 1100 repeatedly linearly moves along a predetermined movement pattern to form bead rows overlapping each other on the surface to be laminated 13 . The surface to be laminated 13 includes a flat surface and an inclined surface, and the direct deposition lamination apparatus 1100 may repeatedly and linearly move to laminate a row of beads on the flat surface and the inclined surface.

In the process of forming such overlapping bead rows, the pore checking means 1200 checks whether pores are generated between the overlapping first bead rows and the second bead rows.

When the porosity is confirmed by the porosity checking means 1200, the inclined surface control means 1300 adjusts the degree of inclination. For example, the degree of inclination can be adjusted by adjusting the height of the base material having the laminated surface 13 . In this case, the adjusted inclination of the laminated surface 13 may be adjusted to an angle that can overlap without pores between the bead row and the bead row in which the pores are generated.

In the process of forming the rows of beads overlapping each other on the surface to be laminated 13 as described above, the generation of pores between the rows of beads may occur on the inclined surface of the plane to be laminated 13, the width of the rows of beads and the surface to be laminated 13 Depending on the slope of the pore may be generated.

Therefore, the present invention is not characterized in the implementation of the method and apparatus at the specified inclination by specifying the gradient at which the pores between the bead row and the bead row are generated, but in the width of the bead row and the inclination of the laminated surface 13 Accordingly, the method and apparatus for adjusting the inclination of the laminated surface 13 to an angle at which the bead row and the bead row overlap when a pore between the bead row and the bead row is generated is characterized.

On the other hand, in the areal layering method by the direct deposition lamination apparatus having no pores between the bead row and the bead row according to another embodiment of the present invention, the first bead row 11 and the second bead row 11 and the second bead row in the area layering process by the direct deposition lamination device. An overlap ratio between the rows 12 is preset, and the preset overlap ratio is a ratio in a plane, and the first bead row 11 and the second bead row 12 are placed on the laminated surface 13 according to the overlap ratio. ), when the inclination of the laminated surface 13 is increased, the laser output of the direct deposition lamination apparatus 1100 is increased.

Specifically, in the area layer method according to another embodiment of the present invention, the width w of the first and second bead rows shown in FIG. 3 and the In the overlap length (a) of the first and second bead rows, if cos(θ) of the inclination θ of the laminated surface shown in FIG. 3 is equal to or smaller than (w-a)/w, the intensity of the laser is increased. characterized.

The pore between the bead row and the bead row according to another embodiment of the present invention to be described below for the implementation of the area layer method by the direct deposition lamination apparatus in which there is no pore between the bead row and the bead row according to another embodiment of the present invention. An area layer apparatus by a direct deposition lamination apparatus without a pit is used.

Referring to FIG. 3 , the area layer apparatus by the direct deposition lamination apparatus having no pores between the bead row and the bead row according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a direct deposition lamination apparatus 1100 ; Pore checking means (2200); and a laser output control means 2300 .

The direct deposition lamination apparatus 1100 is shown in FIG. 1, and although not specifically shown, for example, it includes a nozzle configured to enable supply of metal powder, laser irradiation, and gas supply, and the nozzle is located at the center of the nozzle. The laser and gas output from the laser output unit disposed on one side of the nozzle may be irradiated, and a powder supply unit for supplying metal powder is provided on the body of the nozzle so that the metal powder is supplied through the powder supply unit.

The porosity checking means 2200 may check whether pores are generated between the bead rows and the bead rows stacked so as to overlap each other on the surface to be laminated by the direct welding lamination apparatus 1100 . Specifically, the porosity checking means 2200 includes the width w of the first and second bead rows shown in FIG. 4A when the inclination of the lamination surface of the direct deposition lamination apparatus is flat, and the first and second In the overlap length (a) of the two bead rows, it is configured to determine whether cos(θ) of the inclination θ of the laminated surface shown in FIG. 4A is equal to or smaller than (w-a)/w. For example, the porosity checking means 2200 may be configured to measure the inclination of the laminated surface 13 while moving together with the nozzle of the direct deposition lamination apparatus 1100, and photographing the laminated surface 13 The photographing unit may include a control unit for determining whether cos(θ) of the inclination θ of the laminated surface 13 in the image obtained from the photographing unit is equal to or smaller than (w-a)/w.

The laser output control means 2300 may increase the laser output of the direct deposition lamination apparatus 1100 when the pores are checked by the porosity checking means 2200 . For example, the laser output control means 2300 may be a control module for controlling a laser output from the laser output device that outputs a laser to the nozzle of the direct deposition lamination device 1100 .

In the process of forming the overlapping bead rows, the pore checking means 2200 checks whether pores are generated between the overlapping first bead rows and the second bead rows.

At this time, the porosity checking means 2200 determines whether cos(θ) of the inclination θ of the laminated surface is equal to or smaller than (w-a)/w.

4B is a view showing a case where cos(θ) of the inclination θ of the laminated surface 13 is equal to (w-a)/w. As shown in FIG. 4b, the inclination of the laminated surface 13 ( When cos(θ) of θ) becomes equal to (w-a)/w, the first bead row 11 is stacked within the range of (w-a)/w, and then the second bead row 12 is stacked on the inclined surface. It can be seen that the second bead row 12 does not overlap the first bead row 11 .

When the pores are checked by the porosity checking means 2200 according to these conditions, the laser output control means 2300 increases the output intensity of the laser.

For example, when the overlap ratio of the bead row and the bead row in the plane is set to 50%, (w-a)/w is 1/2 and the cos(θ) of the inclination θ of the laminated surface 13 is equal to or When it is determined to be small, for example, when the inclination of the measuring surface 13 is 60 degrees, the laser output control means 2300 increases the output intensity of the laser so that the bead row and the bead row overlap on the inclined surface.

According to these embodiments of the present invention, it is determined in real time whether pores are generated in the surface to be laminated in the area layering process by the direct deposition lamination apparatus, so that pores are not generated between the rows of beads even in the surface to be laminated having a slope. There is an advantage in that a good quality laminated surface without post cracks can be obtained by always stacking rows of beads without pores on the laminated surface in a flat state and the laminated surface having an inclination.

The description of the presented embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments presented herein but should be construed in the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features presented herein.

Claims

An areal layering method by a direct energy deposition (DED) apparatus, the direct deposition apparatus configured to overlap a first row of beads and the first row of beads stacked by a first linear movement of a nozzle of the direct deposition apparatus In the method of forming a second bead row partially overlapping the first bead row by the second linear movement of the nozzle,

Characterized in that when a pore is generated between the first and second rows of beads, the degree of inclination of the surface to be laminated is increased,

Area layer method by direct deposition lamination device without pores between bead rows and bead rows.
An areal layering method by a direct energy deposition (DED) apparatus, the direct deposition apparatus configured to overlap a first row of beads and the first row of beads stacked by a first linear movement of a nozzle of the direct deposition apparatus In the method of forming a second bead row partially overlapping the first bead row by the second linear movement of the nozzle,

Characterized in that when the inclination of the laminated surface is increased, the laser output of the direct deposition lamination apparatus is increased,

Area layer method by direct deposition lamination device without pores between bead rows and bead rows.
3. The method of claim 2,

In the overlap length (a), the width (w) of the first and second bead rows and the first and second bead rows when the slope of the surface to be laminated of the direct deposition lamination apparatus is flat;

When cos(θ) of the slope (θ) of the layer to be laminated is equal to or smaller than (w-a)/w, the laser intensity is increased,

Area layer method by direct deposition lamination device without pores between bead rows and bead rows.
An area layer apparatus by direct energy deposition (DED), wherein a first row of beads stacked by a first linear movement of a nozzle of the direct deposition apparatus and the first row of beads are configured to overlap the first row of beads. In the device for forming a second bead row partially overlapped with the first bead row by the second linear movement of the nozzle,

a pore-checking means for confirming the occurrence of pores between the bead row and the bead row; and

Including an inclined plane control means for adjusting the degree of inclination of the surface to be laminated when the porosity is confirmed by the porosity checking means,

Area layer device by direct deposition lamination device without pores between bead rows and bead rows.
An areal layering method by direct energy deposition (DED), wherein a first row of beads stacked by a first linear movement of a nozzle of the direct deposition device and the first row of beads are configured to overlap the first row of beads. In the device for forming a second bead row partially overlapped with the first bead row by the second linear movement of the nozzle,

a pore-checking means for confirming the occurrence of pores between the bead row and the bead row; and

Comprising a laser output control means for increasing the laser output of the direct deposition lamination apparatus when the pores are confirmed by the porosity checking means,

Area layer device by direct deposition lamination device without pores between bead rows and bead rows.
6. The method of claim 5,

The means for checking whether the pores are

In the overlap length (a), the set width (w) of the first and second bead rows and the first and second bead rows when the slope of the surface to be laminated of the direct deposition lamination apparatus is flat;

Comprising a control unit configured to determine whether cos(θ) of the inclination (θ) of the laminated surface is equal to or smaller than (w-a)/w, and to increase the intensity of the laser if equal to or smaller than,

Area layer device by direct deposition lamination device without pores between bead rows and bead rows.