WO2022107652A1 - 作業装置 - Google Patents
作業装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022107652A1 WO2022107652A1 PCT/JP2021/041293 JP2021041293W WO2022107652A1 WO 2022107652 A1 WO2022107652 A1 WO 2022107652A1 JP 2021041293 W JP2021041293 W JP 2021041293W WO 2022107652 A1 WO2022107652 A1 WO 2022107652A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- link
- end side
- actuator
- work
- proximal end
- Prior art date
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 52
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- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
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- 238000011179 visual inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 210000003857 wrist joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J11/00—Manipulators not otherwise provided for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/003—Programme-controlled manipulators having parallel kinematics
- B25J9/0045—Programme-controlled manipulators having parallel kinematics with kinematics chains having a rotary joint at the base
- B25J9/0048—Programme-controlled manipulators having parallel kinematics with kinematics chains having a rotary joint at the base with kinematics chains of the type rotary-rotary-rotary
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J17/00—Joints
- B25J17/02—Wrist joints
- B25J17/0283—Three-dimensional joints
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J17/00—Joints
- B25J17/02—Wrist joints
- B25J17/0258—Two-dimensional joints
- B25J17/0266—Two-dimensional joints comprising more than two actuating or connecting rods
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J5/00—Manipulators mounted on wheels or on carriages
- B25J5/02—Manipulators mounted on wheels or on carriages travelling along a guideway
- B25J5/04—Manipulators mounted on wheels or on carriages travelling along a guideway wherein the guideway is also moved, e.g. travelling crane bridge type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/0096—Programme-controlled manipulators co-operating with a working support, e.g. work-table
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/02—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by movement of the arms, e.g. cartesian coordinate type
- B25J9/023—Cartesian coordinate type
- B25J9/026—Gantry-type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/10—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by positioning means for manipulator elements
- B25J9/12—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by positioning means for manipulator elements electric
- B25J9/126—Rotary actuators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
- F16H37/12—Gearings comprising primarily toothed or friction gearing, links or levers, and cams, or members of at least two of these types
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/95—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
- G01N21/9515—Objects of complex shape, e.g. examined with use of a surface follower device
- G01N2021/9518—Objects of complex shape, e.g. examined with use of a surface follower device using a surface follower, e.g. robot
Definitions
- the present invention relates to, for example, a working device used for a device such as a medical device or an industrial device that requires high speed, high accuracy, a wide operating range, and fine grained operation.
- Patent Document 1 a working device having a base plate and a traveling plate, connecting the two with a plurality of links, and performing a predetermined work by a parallel link mechanism for moving the traveling plate by coordinating these links.
- Patent Document 2 proposes a link actuating device capable of operating in a wide operating range with high speed and high accuracy while being compact.
- Patent Document 3 proposes a working device that combines a linear motion unit and a rotary unit that is a pan-tilt mechanism.
- Patent Document 4 proposes a working device using a general vertical articulated robot.
- Patent Document 5 proposes a working device (visual inspection device) that combines a link operating device and a linear motion unit.
- the link actuating device of Patent Document 2 has a larger range of motion in the rotational direction than the parallel link mechanism of Patent Document 1, but cannot move in the plane direction, so that it is difficult to realize complicated work by the link actuating device alone. rice field.
- Patent Documents 3 and 4 propose a working device for positioning a camera and a work at various angles.
- the rotation mechanism as in Patent Document 3 has the same configuration as the wrist joint of a general vertical articulated robot, and even if the posture of the tip is slightly changed, the specific rotation mechanism moves significantly and the operation speed is slow. There is a problem of becoming. Specifically, when a swivel operation is required, it is necessary to greatly move the swivel shaft (corresponding to the first rotary shaft 131 in Patent Document 3) with respect to the movement angle of the tip.
- a vertical articulated robot such as Patent Document 4 has the same problem as Patent Document 3 when the posture of the tip is slightly changed, and since the amount of movement of the entire robot is large, a device such as a safety fence is provided. There is a problem that the overall size becomes large.
- Patent Document 5 a working device that combines a link operating device and a linear motion unit as in Patent Document 5 has been proposed.
- a compact working device can be realized, the work can be approached only from the hemisphere direction (for example, the northern hemisphere direction). Therefore, for example, even when it is desired to carry out the work from the lower direction of the work, it is necessary to reverse the work.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a work device capable of widening the work range for a work, realizing high-speed, high-precision, fine-grained work like human manual work, and shortening the setup change work.
- the working device of the present invention is a working device in which a rotating unit and a linear motion unit are combined.
- the rotary unit comprises a link actuator and a rotary actuator.
- the link hub on the distal end side is connected to the link hub on the proximal end side so as to be able to change its posture via three or more sets of link mechanisms, and each of the link mechanisms is linked to the proximal end side. Both ends rotate to the end link member on the proximal end side and the distal end side, one end of which is rotatably connected to the hub and the link hub on the distal end side, and the other ends of the distal end link member on the proximal end side and the distal end side, respectively.
- the linear motion unit has a linear motion actuator that serves as an output unit, and the rotary unit is attached to the linear motion actuator.
- the working range of the link actuator can be offset by arranging the central axis of the link hub on the base end side of the link actuator so that the rotation axis of the rotary actuator forms an angle ⁇ t. ..
- the working range of the link actuator with respect to the work is only in the northern hemisphere direction, but the central axis of the link hub on the proximal end side and the rotation of the rotary actuator. If the axes are arranged so as to form an angle ⁇ t, the work can be performed from the direction of the southern hemisphere only in the direction forming the angle ⁇ t.
- the link actuating device with the rotary actuator with the angle ⁇ t attached, the direction forming the angle ⁇ t can be rotated in the turning direction. Therefore, if the rotary actuator is rotated by ⁇ 180 ° around this rotation axis, it becomes possible to work from the entire circumference to the southern hemisphere with respect to the work. As a result, the work range for the work can be made larger than before, and the setup change work can be shortened. In addition, since the link operating device is used, it is possible to realize fine-grained work like manual work at high speed and high accuracy.
- the two or more attitude control actuators of the link actuating device are arranged so that their rotation axes are orthogonal to the central axis of the link hub on the proximal end side, and the rotation axes of the two or more attitude control actuators.
- the point of intersection is on the central axis of the link hub on the proximal end side forming the angle ⁇ t, and the bisectors of the rotation axes of two of the two or more attitude control actuators are The two are on a plane formed by the rotation axis of the rotary actuator and the central axis of the link hub on the proximal end side, and on the sharp angle side of the angle formed by the rotary axis of the rotary actuator and the central axis of the link hub on the proximal end side. Equal lines may be located.
- the attitude control actuator of the link actuator and the rotary actuator are less likely to interfere with each other, and the distance between the rotary actuator and the link actuator is shorter than in a configuration in which the link actuator is tilted in another direction. Can be placed.
- the entire work device can be made compact.
- the moment of inertia of the rotary actuator is reduced, and the weight of the rotary unit is reduced, so that high-speed operation of the entire work device can be realized.
- the rotary actuator has an actuator main body for rotation control and a speed reducer for decelerating the rotation of the actuator main body, and at least a cable bear (registered trademark) that protects and guides a cable extending from the attitude control actuator is provided. It may be provided so as to slide in the rotational direction around the rotary actuator. According to this configuration, since the rotary actuator has an actuator main body for rotation control and a speed reducer, it is possible to realize a radial compactification of the rotary actuator as compared with a rotary drive type rotary actuator without a speed reducer. By providing a cable bear that slides in the direction of rotation around the rotary actuator, which is an empty space, the cable connected to the attitude control actuator of the link operating device can be compactly stored in the cable bear. For this reason, the cable can be easily routed, and the concern about disconnection of the cable can be reduced.
- a cable bear registered trademark
- the linear motion unit has a first linear motion actuator mounted on a gantry, a second linear motion actuator, and the third linear motion actuator that is an output unit of the linear motion unit.
- the rotary unit may be attached to the linear actuator of the above. According to this configuration, it becomes possible to perform work on a work conveyed by a conveyor or the like, and for example, it becomes possible to install it as one unit without changing the conveyor line.
- the linear motion unit includes the first linear actuator having a first sliding portion attached to the gantry and a first sliding portion driven forward and backward along the first sliding portion.
- the second linear actuator having a second sliding portion connected to the first sliding portion and a second sliding portion driven forward and backward along the second sliding portion.
- the third linear motion having a third sliding portion connected to the second sliding portion and a third sliding portion driven forward and backward along the third sliding portion. It may have an actuator.
- the second sliding portion is connected to the first sliding portion
- the third sliding portion is connected to the second sliding portion. Therefore, the working equipment can be easily installed on the existing conveyor line. Therefore, the versatility of the working device can be increased.
- the first and second linear acting actuators are arranged so that the advancing and retreating directions of the first and second sliding portions are orthogonal to each other, and the third linear acting actuator is the third sliding portion.
- the advancing / retreating direction may be arranged so as to be orthogonal to the advancing / retreating direction of the first and second sliding portions.
- the third linear acting actuator is arranged so that the advancing / retreating direction of the third sliding portion is in the vertical direction, and the third sliding portion is a guide for the linear acting actuator, and the third sliding portion is the guide.
- the slidable portion may be a slide table of the linear actuator. According to this configuration, it becomes easy to avoid the interference between the work and the third sliding portion of the linear motion unit, and the size of the entire work device can be made compact. In the above configuration, since the work range for the work can be widened, in particular, in the third linear actuator which is the output portion of the linear motion unit, the third sliding portion easily comes into contact with the work. If the guide, which is the third sliding portion, is moved in the vertical direction as in this configuration, the linear motion unit is moved in various directions while moving the third sliding portion to the interference avoidance position with respect to the work. Can move at high speed.
- the rotary actuator may be arranged so that its rotation axis is parallel to the advancing / retreating direction of the third sliding portion. According to this configuration, it becomes easy to work on the work conveyed by the conveyor or the like. When working on a work conveyed by a conveyor or the like, the work is mainly on the upper surface and the side surface of the work, and when it is desired to work on the lower surface of the work, the work is often inverted. With this configuration, the work can be performed not only from the upper surface and the side surface of the work but also from the lower surface side, and the setup change or the like becomes unnecessary.
- the link actuating device may have a maximum bending angle of 90 ° or more between the central axis of the link hub on the proximal end side and the central axis of the link hub on the distal end side. According to this configuration, even if the angle ⁇ t formed by the central axis of the link hub on the proximal end side of the link actuating device and the rotation axis of the rotary actuator is small, a large working range for the work can be obtained.
- the link actuating device may be attached so that the central axis of the link hub on the proximal end side is orthogonal to the rotation axis of the rotary actuator.
- This working device may be a visual inspection device in which an image processing device is mounted on the link operating device.
- the visual inspection process which has been visually inspected by humans from various directions, can be automatically performed at high speed and with high accuracy.
- cables connected to image processing equipment such as cameras and lighting can be passed through the internal space of the link operating device, the cables can be easily routed, and the cables can be operated even if the turning direction is repeated. There is no twisting of the type, and problems such as disconnection can be reduced.
- FIG. 1 A working apparatus in which a rotating unit and a linear motion unit are combined will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 14.
- a linear motion unit 63 is installed on a gantry 62 fixed to a floor, which is the ground, and a guide (third sliding) of a third linear motion actuator 67, which is an output unit of the linear motion unit 63.
- a rotary unit Ru is attached to 67b.
- the rotation unit Ru includes a rotation actuator Ra and a link actuating device 7.
- the rotation axis Ca of the rotary actuator Ra is arranged so as to be parallel to the advancing / retreating direction (vertical direction in this example) of the guide 67b of the third linear actuator 67.
- the link actuating device 7 has a central axis QA of a link hub (described later) 12 on the proximal end side of the link actuating device 7 and a rotary actuator Ra with respect to the rotary shaft Ca of the rotary actuator Ra. It is attached to the output portion Raa of the rotary actuator Ra via the attachment member 3 and the spacer 4 so that the rotation axis Ca of the above forms an angle ⁇ t.
- the angle ⁇ t may be referred to as a “mounting angle ⁇ t”.
- the work 2 which is a work piece is placed on a work installation table 8 by a conveyor device 5 such as a conveyor and is conveyed.
- a conveyor device 5 such as a conveyor and is conveyed.
- the work 2 may be lifted from the transfer device 5 by the work elevating device 8A when the work process is reached.
- a worker or another robot may place the work 2 on the work installation table 8.
- the work device 1 performs work by positioning the end effector Ee attached to the tip member 40 of the link actuating device 7 with respect to the work 2.
- the rotation unit Ru and the linear motion unit 63 are connected to, for example, a common controller, and are synchronously controlled by this controller.
- the rotation unit Ru and the linear motion unit 63 may be controlled asynchronously.
- the link actuating device 7 includes a parallel link mechanism 9 and an attitude control actuator 10 for operating the parallel link mechanism 9.
- the parallel link mechanism 9 connects the link hub 13 on the distal end side to the link hub 12 on the proximal end side in a posture-changeable manner via three sets of link mechanisms 14.
- the link mechanism 14 may have four or more sets. In FIG. 4, only one set of link mechanisms 14 is shown, and the remaining two link mechanisms are omitted.
- Each link mechanism 14 has an end link member 15 on the proximal end side, an end link member 16 on the distal end side, and a central link member 17, and constitutes a four-node chain linkage composed of four rotational pairs of even.
- the end link members 15 and 16 on the proximal end side and the distal end side are L-shaped, and one end thereof is rotatably connected to the link hub 12 on the proximal end side and the link hub 13 on the distal end side, respectively.
- the other ends of the end link members 15 and 16 on the proximal end side and the distal end side are rotatably connected to both ends.
- the parallel link mechanism 9 is a structure that combines two spherical link mechanisms.
- the central axis of each rotation pair of the base end side link hub 12 and the base end side end link member 15 and each rotation pair of the base end side end link member 15 and the base end side link member 17 is on the base end side. It intersects at the center PA of the spherical link.
- the central axis of each rotation pair of the tip side link hub 13 and the tip side end link member 16 and each rotation pair of the tip side end link member 16 and the tip side end link member 17 is a spherical surface on the tip side. It intersects at the link center PB.
- the distance between the center of the rotational pair of the link hub 12 on the proximal end side and the end link member 15 on the proximal end side and the spherical link center PA on the proximal end side is the same.
- the distance between the center of the rotational pair of the end link member 15 on the proximal end side and the central link member 17 and the spherical link center PA on the proximal end side is the same.
- the distance between the center of the rotational pair of the link hub 13 on the distal end side and the end link member 16 on the distal end side and the spherical link center PB on the distal end side is the same.
- the distance between the center of the rotational pair of the end link member 16 on the distal end side and the central link member 17 and the spherical link center PB on the distal end side is the same.
- the central axes of each rotational pair of the proximal and distal end link members 15 and 16 and the central link member 17 may have a certain crossing angle ⁇ or may be parallel.
- FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the central axis O1 of each rotational pair of the link hub 12 on the proximal end side and the end link member 15 on the proximal end side and the spherical link center PA.
- the shapes and positional relationships of the front end side link hub 13 (FIG. 4) and the front end side end link member 16 (FIG. 4) are also the same as those in FIG. 5, although not shown.
- FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the central axis O1 of each rotational pair of the link hub 12 on the proximal end side and the end link member 15 on the proximal end side and the spherical link center PA.
- the shapes and positional relationships of the front end side link hub 13 (FIG. 4) and the front end side end link member 16 (FIG. 4) are also the same as those in FIG. 5, although not shown.
- the three sets of link mechanisms 14 have the same geometrical shape.
- the geometrically identical shape is represented by a geometric model in which each link member 15, 16 and 17 is represented by a straight line, that is, each rotation pair even and a straight line connecting these rotation pairs. It means that the model has a shape in which the base end side portion and the tip end side portion are symmetrical with respect to the central portion of the central link member 17 regardless of the posture.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a set of link mechanisms 14 as a straight line.
- the parallel link mechanism 9 of this embodiment is a rotationally symmetric type, and has a base end side portion composed of a base end side link hub 12 and a base end side end link member 15, a tip end side link hub 13 and a tip end side end.
- the positional relationship with the tip end side portion made of the partial link member 16 has a positional configuration that is rotationally symmetric with respect to the center line C of the central link member 17.
- the central portion of each central link member 17 is located on a common orbital
- the link hub 13 on the distal end side is rotatable about two orthogonal axes with respect to the link hub 12 on the proximal end side.
- the degree mechanism is configured.
- the link hub 13 on the tip side is a mechanism that can change the posture of the link hub 13 on the tip side with respect to the link hub 12 on the base end side with two degrees of freedom in rotation.
- this two-degree-of-freedom mechanism is compact, the movable range of the link hub 13 on the distal end side with respect to the link hub 12 on the proximal end side can be widened.
- the maximum bending angle ⁇ max which is the maximum value of the bending angle ⁇ with the central axis QB of the link hub 13, can be set to about ⁇ 90 °.
- the turning angle ⁇ of the link hub 13 on the distal end side with respect to the link hub 12 on the proximal end side can be set in the range of 0 ° to 360 °.
- the bending angle ⁇ is a vertical angle at which the central axis QB of the link hub 13 on the distal end side is tilted with respect to the central axis QA of the link hub 12 on the proximal end side.
- the turning angle ⁇ is a horizontal angle in which the central axis QB of the link hub 13 on the distal end side is tilted with respect to the central axis QA of the link hub 12 on the proximal end side.
- the maximum bending angle ⁇ max may be 90 ° or more.
- the posture of the link hub 13 on the distal end side is changed with respect to the link hub 12 on the proximal end side with the intersection O of the central axis QA of the link hub 12 on the proximal end side and the central axis QB of the link hub 13 on the distal end side as the center of rotation.
- the solid line in FIG. 7 shows the state where the central axis QA of the link hub 12 on the proximal end side and the central axis QB of the link hub 13 on the distal end side are on the same line, and the two-dot chain line in FIG. 7 is the link on the proximal end side.
- the link hub 12 on the proximal end side and the end link member on the proximal end side are due to geometric symmetry.
- the proximal end side portion made of 15 and the distal end side portion made of the distal end side link hub 13 and the distal end side link member 16 move in the same manner. Therefore, when the rotation is transmitted from the proximal end side to the distal end side, the parallel link mechanism 9 functions as a constant velocity universal joint in which the proximal end side and the distal end side have the same rotation angle and rotate at a constant speed.
- Condition 1 Angle of the central axis O1 of the rotational pair of the link hubs 12 and 13 on the proximal end side and the distal end side and the end link members 15 and 16 on the proximal end side and the distal end side in each link mechanism 14, and the proximal end side and the distal end side.
- the lengths from the spherical link centers PA and PB on the side are equal to each other.
- Condition 2 The central axis O1 of the rotational pair of the link hubs 12 and 13 on the proximal end side and the distal end side of each link mechanism 14 and the end link members 15 and 16 on the proximal end side and the distal end side, and the proximal end side and the distal end side.
- the central axis O2 of the rotational pair of the end link members 15 and 16 and the central link member 17 intersects the spherical link centers PA and PB on the proximal end side and the distal end side on the proximal end side and the distal end side.
- Condition 3 The geometric shapes of the end link member 15 on the proximal end side and the end link member 16 on the distal end side are the same.
- Condition 4 The geometric shapes of the proximal end side portion and the distal end side portion of the central link member 17 are equal.
- the base end side link hub 12 has a flat plate-shaped base end member 6 and three rotating shaft connecting members 21 provided integrally with the base end member 6. ..
- the base end member 6 has a circular through hole 6a in the central portion, and three rotating shaft connecting members 21 are arranged around the through hole 6a at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.
- the center of the through hole 6a is located on the central axis QA of the link hub 12 on the proximal end side.
- a rotating shaft 22 whose axis intersects the central axis QA of the link hub 12 on the proximal end side is rotatably connected to each rotating shaft connecting member 21.
- One end of the end link member 15 on the base end side is connected to the rotating shaft 22.
- the rotating shaft 22 has a large diameter portion 22a, a small diameter portion 22b, and a male screw portion 22c sequentially along the axial direction, and the rotating shaft 22 has a small diameter portion 22b via two bearings 23. It is rotatably supported by the connecting member 21.
- the bearing 23 is a ball bearing such as a deep groove ball bearing or an angular contact ball bearing. These bearings 23 are fixed by installing the outer ring outer peripheral surface in a fitted state in the inner diameter groove provided in the rotary shaft connecting member 21. The same applies to the types and installation methods of bearings provided in other rotary pair parts.
- the rotating shaft 22 has a large diameter portion 22a and is arranged on a concentric shaft with the output shaft 52a of the deceleration mechanism 52 described later.
- One end of the end link member 15 on the base end side is connected to the rotating shaft 22 so as to rotate integrally with the rotating shaft 22.
- a notch 25 is formed at one end of the end link member 15 on the base end side, and both side portions of the notch 25 form a pair of inner and outer rotating shaft support portions 26 and 27. Through holes are formed in each of the pair of rotating shaft support portions 26 and 27, respectively.
- the rotary shaft connecting member 21 is arranged in the notch 25, and the small diameter portion 22b of the rotary shaft 22 is inserted through the through hole and the inner peripheral surface of the inner ring of the bearing 23.
- the male screw portion 22c of the rotary shaft 22 projects inward from the inner rotary shaft support portion 27.
- a spacer 28 is fitted to the outer periphery of the large diameter portion 22a of the rotating shaft 22, and the end link member 15 on the proximal end side and the output shaft 52a of the reduction mechanism 52 are fixed by bolts 29 via the spacer 28. .. Further, a nut is screwed to the male threaded portion 22c of the rotating shaft 22. A spacer is interposed between the inner ring end surface of the bearing 23 and the pair of rotating shaft support portions 26, 27, and a preload is applied to the bearing 23 when the nut is screwed.
- a rotation shaft 35 rotatably connected to one end of the central link member 17 is connected to the other end of the end link member 15 on the base end side.
- the rotary shaft 35 has a large diameter portion 35a, a small diameter portion 35b, and a male screw portion 35c, similarly to the rotary shaft 22 of the link hub 12 on the proximal end side, and the small diameter portion 35b is interposed via two bearings 36. It is rotatably supported by one end of the central link member 17.
- a notch 37 is formed at the other end of the end link member 15 on the base end side, and both side portions of the notch 37 form a pair of inner and outer rotating shaft support portions 38 and 39. Through holes are formed in these rotating shaft support portions 38 and 39, respectively.
- the male threaded portion 35c protrudes inward from the inner rotating shaft support portion 39.
- One end of the central link member 17 is arranged in the notch 37, and the small diameter portion 35b is inserted into the through hole and the inner peripheral surface of the inner ring of the bearing 36. Further, a nut is screwed to the male screw portion 35c. A spacer is interposed between the inner ring end surface of the bearing 36 and the pair of rotating shaft support portions 38, 39, and a preload is applied to the bearing 36 when the nut is screwed.
- the link hub 13 on the tip side includes a flat plate-shaped tip member 40 and three rotating shaft connecting members 41 provided on the bottom surface of the tip member 40 in an equidistant circumferential direction. And have.
- the center of the circumference on which each rotating shaft connecting member 41 is arranged is located on the central shaft QB of the link hub 13 on the distal end side.
- a rotating shaft 43 whose axis intersects the central axis QB of the link hub 13 on the distal end side is rotatably connected to each rotating shaft connecting member 41.
- One end of the end link member 16 on the distal end side is connected to the rotating shaft 43.
- a rotary shaft 45 rotatably connected to the other end of the central link member 17 is connected to the other end of the end link member 16 on the distal end side.
- the rotary shaft 43 of the link hub 13 on the distal end side and the rotary shaft 45 of the central link member 17 also have the same shape as the rotary shaft 35, and the rotary shaft connecting member 41 and the rotary shaft connecting member 41 via two bearings (not shown) They are rotatably connected to the other ends of the central link member 17.
- the attitude control actuator 10 is a rotary actuator provided with a deceleration mechanism 52, and is coaxially on the lower surface of the base end member 6 of the link hub 12 on the base end side with the rotary shaft 22. It is installed in.
- the attitude control actuator 10 and the deceleration mechanism 52 are integrally provided, and the deceleration mechanism 52 is fixed to the base end member 6 by the motor fixing member 53.
- the attitude control actuator 10 may be equipped with a brake.
- the attitude control actuators 10 are provided in all of the three sets of link mechanisms 14, but if the attitude control actuators 10 are provided in at least two of the three sets of link mechanisms 14, the proximal end side is provided.
- the attitude of the link hub 13 on the tip side with respect to the link hub 12 can be determined.
- the three attitude control actuators 10 are arranged so that their rotation axes 22 are orthogonal to the central axis QA (FIG. 4) of the base end side link hub 12.
- the central position P10 which is the intersection of the rotation shafts 22 of the attitude control actuators 10, is on the central axis QA (FIG. 4) of the link hub 12 on the proximal end side forming the angle ⁇ t (FIG. 2).
- the bisector 22L of the rotation shaft 22 of the rotation shaft 22 of two of the three attitude control actuators 10 has the rotation axis Ca of the rotation actuator Ra and the central axis QA of the link hub 12 on the proximal end side. It is on the plane it forms.
- the bisector 22L is orthogonal to the axis of the "rotating shaft 22" and has an intermediate portion in the longitudinal direction between the base end portion of the large diameter portion 22a of the "rotating shaft 22" and the tip end portion of the male screw portion 22c. It is a passing line. Further, the bisector 22L is located on the acute angle side of the angle formed by the rotation axis Ca of the rotation actuator Ra and the central axis QA of the link hub 12 on the proximal end side.
- the deceleration mechanism 52 has a flange output and has a large diameter output shaft 52a.
- the tip surface of the output shaft 52a is a planar flange surface 54 orthogonal to the center line of the output shaft 52a.
- the output shaft 52a is connected to the rotation shaft support portion 26 of the end link member 15 on the proximal end side with a bolt 29 via the spacer 28.
- a large diameter portion 22a of the rotating shaft 22 that constitutes a rotating pair of the link hub 12 (FIG. 4) on the proximal end side and the end link member 15 on the proximal end side is provided on the output shaft 52a of the speed reduction mechanism 52. It fits in the inner diameter groove 57.
- the link actuating device 7 operates the parallel link mechanism 9 by rotationally driving each attitude control actuator 10. Specifically, when the attitude control actuator 10 is rotationally driven, the rotation is decelerated via the deceleration mechanism 52 and transmitted to the rotary shaft 22. As a result, the angle of the end link member 15 on the proximal end side with respect to the link hub 12 on the proximal end side changes, and the posture of the link hub 13 on the distal end side with respect to the link hub 12 on the proximal end side is arbitrarily changed.
- the rotary actuator Ra is attached to the output unit of the linear motion unit 63, which will be described later.
- the rotary actuator Ra has an actuator main body 18 for rotation control and a speed reducer 19 for decelerating the rotation of the actuator main body 18.
- a motor with a speed reducer in which the actuator main body 18 and the speed reducer 19 are integrally provided is applied.
- the central axis QA of the base end side link hub 12 of the link actuating device 7 and the rotation axis Ca of the rotary actuator Ra are mounted so as to intersect each other, but they may be mounted without crossing each other. ..
- a plurality of columns 24 are erected in parallel on the connecting member 20 attached to the output unit (FIG. 1) of the linear motion unit 63.
- a rotary actuator fixing member 30 is installed at the tip of these columns 24, and the motor with a speed reducer is fixed to the rotary actuator fixing member 30.
- the output unit Ra of the rotary actuator Ra rotates around this rotation axis Ca by a rotation angle ⁇ p.
- the range of the rotation angle ⁇ p is ⁇ 180 ° at maximum.
- the mounting member 3 is fixed to the output shaft of the speed reducer 19 which is the output unit Ra of the rotary actuator Ra by bolts or the like.
- the link actuating device 7 is installed on the output shaft of the rotary actuator Ra in a state of being tilted by an angle ⁇ t by the mounting member 3.
- the tip of the mounting member 3 is provided with an inclined surface 3a that is inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the rotation axis Ca of the rotary actuator Ra.
- the base end member 6 of the base end side link hub 12 is fixed to the inclined surface 3a via a spacer 4 with a bolt or the like.
- the angle ⁇ t is set in an angle range of more than 0 ° and 90 ° or less (0 ° ⁇ t ⁇ 90 °). In this example, the angle ⁇ t is 45 °, but is not limited to this.
- the central axis QA of the link hub 12 on the proximal end side of the link actuating device 7 and the rotation axis Ca of the rotary actuator Ra are attached so as to intersect each other. With such a configuration, the link actuating device 7 rotates around the rotation axis CA of the rotation actuator Ra in a state of being tilted by an angle ⁇ t with respect to the rotation axis Ca.
- the end effector Ee is attached to the tip member 40 of the link hub 13 on the tip side.
- the end effector Ee is, for example, a hand including a gripper, a cleaning nozzle, a dispenser, a welding torch, an image processing device Eg (FIG. 14), and the like.
- the image processing device Eg shown in FIG. 14 includes, for example, a camera Cr that images the work 2 and a lighting tool Le that illuminates the work 2.
- the working device in this case is the visual inspection device 1A in which the image processing device Eg is mounted on the link operating device 7.
- the camera Cr and the illuminator Le are connected to a camera control system (not shown) via wiring, and various controls at the time of shooting are performed by the camera control system.
- a cover 31 is provided around the rotary actuator Ra.
- the cover 31 has a cylindrical cover fixing body 32 and a cover rotating body 33, respectively.
- the cover fixing body 32 and the cover rotating body 33 are coaxially arranged with each other and coaxially with the rotation axis Ca of the rotation actuator Ra.
- the cover rotating body 33 is formed to have a diameter larger than that of the cover fixing body 32, and is provided so as to be rotatable relative to the cover fixing body 32.
- the cover fixing body 32 has a cylindrical portion 32a fixed to the rotary actuator fixing member 30 with bolts or the like, and a flange portion 32b extending radially outward from the proximal end side portion of the cylindrical portion 32a.
- the base end side portion of the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion 32a is fixed to the outer peripheral surface of the rotary actuator fixing member 30.
- the cover rotating body 33 has a cylindrical portion 33a and a flange portion 33b extending radially inward from the base end side portion of the cylindrical portion 33a.
- a disk-shaped rotating body mounting member 34 is provided on the mounting member 3 mounted on the output portion Ra of the rotary actuator Ra.
- the rotating body mounting member 34 is arranged coaxially with the rotating shaft Ca of the rotating actuator Ra.
- a flange portion 33b of the cover rotating body 33 is installed on the outer peripheral side portion of the rotating body mounting member 34 via the spacer 42. Therefore, the cover rotating body 33 rotates in synchronization with the output unit Raa of the rotating actuator Ra.
- An annular gap ⁇ 1 for preventing interference between the flange portions 33b and 32b is provided between the inner peripheral side edge portion of the flange portion 33b and the outer peripheral side edge portion of the flange portion 32b of the cover fixing body 32. ..
- the cable bear 44 is arranged in the annular space surrounded by the cover rotating body 33 and the cover fixing body 32.
- the cable bear 44 protects and guides the cable Cb extending from the attitude control actuator 10 and the end effector Ee (FIG. 2). Note that the cable bear is omitted in FIG. 8B.
- the cable bear 44 is provided so as to slide in the rotational direction around the rotary actuator Ra.
- One end of the cable bear 44 in the longitudinal direction is fixed to a part of the cover rotating body 33, and the other end in the longitudinal direction is fixed to a part of the cover fixing body 32 with bolts or the like.
- the cable bear 44 is guided by the cylindrical portions 32a and 33a and the flange portions 32b and 33b, respectively.
- the cable Cb includes an encoder cable, a power cable, and the like connected to the attitude control actuator 10.
- the linear motion unit 63 has an XYZ stage that moves in three orthogonal axes.
- the linear motion unit 63 has first, second and third linear motion actuators 65, 66, 67.
- the first linear actuator 65 moves forward and backward in the X-axis direction (left-right direction in FIG. 1).
- the second linear actuator 66 advances and retreats in the Y-axis direction, which is a front-rear direction orthogonal to the X-axis direction.
- the third linear actuator 67 advances and retreats in the Z-axis direction orthogonal to the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, respectively.
- the Z-axis direction is set to be the vertical direction.
- the first, second, and third linear actuators 65, 66, 67 are driven by the motors 65a, 66a, 67a, which are drive sources, respectively, and convert the rotation of each motor 65a, 66a, 67a into a linear reciprocating operation. It has a conversion mechanism (not shown) such as a ball screw.
- the first linear actuator 65 has a guide 65b which is a first sliding portion, a slide table 65c which is a first sliding portion, and a motor 65a.
- the guide 65b, which is the first sliding portion extends along the X-axis direction.
- the second linear actuator 66 has a guide 66b which is a second sliding portion, a slide table 66c which is a second sliding portion, and a motor 66a.
- the guide 66b, which is the second sliding portion, extends along the Y-axis direction.
- the first and second linear acting actuators 65 and 66 are arranged so that the advancing and retreating directions of the slide tables 65c and 66c, which are the first and second sliding portions, are orthogonal to each other.
- the third linear actuator 67 has a slide table 67c which is a third sliding portion, a guide 67b which is a third sliding portion, and a motor 67a.
- the guide 67b, which is the third sliding portion extends along the Z-axis direction.
- the third linear actuator 67 is arranged so that the advancing / retreating direction of the guide 67b, which is the third sliding portion, is orthogonal to the advancing / retreating direction of the slide tables 65c, 66c, which are the first and second sliding portions. ing.
- a guide 65b of the first linear actuator 65 is attached to the gantry 62, and the slide table 65c is driven forward and backward along the guide 65b extending in the X-axis direction.
- the guide 66b of the second linear actuator 66 is connected to the slide table 65c via the connecting fixing member 68.
- the slide table 66c is driven forward and backward along the guide 66b extending in the Y-axis direction, and the slide table 67c is connected to the slide table 66c via a connecting fixing member 69.
- the slide table 67c of the third linear actuator 67 may be directly fixed to the slide table 66c of the second linear actuator 66.
- the guide 67b of the third linear actuator 67 driven forward and backward with respect to the slide table 67c serves as the output unit of the linear motion unit 63.
- a rotating unit Ru is attached to the guide 67b, which is the output unit. That is, the rotary actuator Ra is attached to the lower end of the guide 67b, and the rotary axis Ca of the rotary actuator Ra is attached so as to be parallel to the advancing / retreating direction (vertical direction in this example) of the third linear actuator 67. ing.
- the rotation unit Ru is installed at the lower end of the guide 67b of the third linear actuator 67, and the guide 67b of the third linear actuator 67 and the rotation unit Ru move in conjunction with each other. Therefore, the number of parts around the rotating unit Ru is reduced, and the work area can be widened.
- the rotation axis Ca of the rotary actuator Ra may be attached at an angle with respect to the advancing / retreating direction of the third linear actuator 67.
- the rotation unit Ru is installed at the lower end of the guide 67b of the third linear actuator 67, but the guide 67b of the third linear actuator 67 is located at a place other than the lower end.
- a rotating unit Ru may be installed.
- the first or second linear acting actuators 65 and 66 may be used as the output unit of the linear motion unit 63.
- the guide 67b may be fixed to the second actuator 66, and the rotation unit Ru may be fixed and moved to the slide table 67c.
- the guide 67b corresponds to the third sliding portion
- the slide table 67c corresponds to the third sliding portion.
- FIG. 1 shows a state in which the end effector Ee faces sideways and works on the left side surface of the work 2.
- the rotation angle ⁇ p of the rotary actuator Ra in this state is defined as 0 °
- the counterclockwise rotation in the plan view is defined as the + direction.
- FIG. 11 shows a state in which work is performed on the upper surface of the work 2.
- the rotation angle ⁇ p of the rotary actuator Ra does not operate with respect to the state shown in FIG.
- FIG. 12 shows a state in which work is performed on the lower surface of the work 2.
- the rotation angle ⁇ p of the rotary actuator Ra does not operate with respect to the state shown in FIG.
- the rotation angle ⁇ p of the rotary actuator Ra and the posture (folding angle) of the link actuating device 7 according to the work shape are shown.
- ⁇ , turning angle ⁇ ) can be determined. Therefore, the work can be performed on the work 2 having any shape.
- an example of the mounting angle ⁇ t 45 ° is shown, but any mounting angle ⁇ t may be used.
- the X-axis is fixed to the gantry as the first linear actuator, other axes may be fixed to the gantry or the like as the first linear actuator.
- the gantry is fixed to the ground (floor), it may be fixed to the ceiling, wall, or the like.
- the link actuating device 7 is operated by rotating the link actuating device 7 with an angle ⁇ t with respect to the rotary actuator Ra attached to the output unit of the linear motion unit 63. Even if the maximum bending angle ⁇ max is 90 °, the work 2 can be approached from the hemispherical direction or higher. For example, when the rotary actuator Ra is arranged vertically downward and the link actuating device 7 is attached with an angle ⁇ t, it becomes possible to approach not only from the northern hemisphere direction but also from the southern hemisphere direction. Therefore, the work range for the work 2 can be increased as compared with the conventional case, and the setup change work can be shortened. Further, since the rotating unit Ru is equipped with the link actuating device 7, it is possible to realize fine-grained work like manual work at high speed and high accuracy.
- the two or more attitude control actuators 10 are arranged so that their rotation axes 22 are orthogonal to the central axis QA of the link hub 12 on the proximal end side, and the rotation axes 22 of the two attitude control actuators 10 are arranged.
- the intersection (center position P10) is on the central axis QA of the link hub 12 on the proximal end side forming the angle ⁇ t.
- the bisector 22L of the rotation shaft 22 of the two or more attitude control actuators 10 out of the two or more attitude control actuators 10 is the center of the rotation shaft Ca of the rotation actuator Ra and the link hub 12 on the proximal end side.
- the bisector 22L is located on a plane formed by the axis QA, and is located on the sharp angle side of the angle ⁇ t formed by the rotation axis Ca of the rotary actuator Ra and the central axis QA of the link hub 12 on the proximal end side.
- the attitude control actuator 10 of the link actuator 7 and the rotary actuator Ra are less likely to interfere with each other as compared with the configuration in which the link actuator 7 is tilted in another direction, and the distance between the rotary actuator Ra and the link actuator 7 is reduced.
- the moment of inertia of the rotary actuator Ra is reduced, and the weight of the rotary unit Ru is reduced, so that high-speed operation of the entire work device can be realized.
- the rotary actuator Ra has an actuator main body 18 for rotation control and a speed reducer 19, it is possible to realize a more compact rotation actuator Ra in the radial direction than a rotary drive type rotary actuator without a speed reducer.
- the cable Cb connected to the attitude control actuator 10 and the like of the link actuating device 7 can be compactly stored in the cable bear 44. can. Therefore, the cable Cb can be easily routed, and the concern about disconnection of the cable Cb can be reduced.
- the linear motion unit 63 has a first linear motion actuator 65 attached to the gantry 62, a second linear motion actuator 66, and a third linear motion actuator 67 that is an output unit of the linear motion unit 63. There is. As a result, it becomes possible to work on the work 2 conveyed by the conveyor or the like, and it becomes possible to install it as one unit without changing the conveyor line.
- the work device 1 By arranging the linear motion unit 63 so as to move in the orthogonal three-axis directions, the work device 1 can be operated intuitively. Therefore, not only the operability is improved, but also the balance of the work apparatus 1 is stable, and high-speed operation can be realized.
- the third linear acting actuator 67 is arranged so that the advancing / retreating direction of the guide 67b, which is the third sliding portion, is in the vertical direction, and the third sliding portion is the slide table 67c of the linear acting actuator 67. be. Therefore, it becomes easy to avoid the interference between the work 2 and the third sliding portion in the linear motion unit 63, and the size of the entire work device can be made compact.
- the third linear actuator 67 which is the output portion of the linear motion unit 63, the third sliding portion easily comes into contact with the work 2.
- the linear motion unit 63 is moved at high speed in various directions while moving the guide 67b to the interference avoidance position with respect to the work 2. can do.
- the rotary actuator Ra is arranged so that its rotation axis Ca is parallel to the advancing / retreating direction of the third sliding portion. Therefore, the work on the work 2 conveyed by the conveyor or the like becomes easy.
- the work is mainly on the upper surface and the side surface of the work, and when it is desired to work on the lower surface of the work, the work is often inverted. With the above configuration, the work can be performed not only from the upper surface and the side surface of the work 2 but also from the lower surface side, and the setup change or the like becomes unnecessary.
- the link actuating device 7 may have a maximum bending angle ⁇ max of 90 ° or more between the central axis QA of the link hub 12 on the proximal end side and the central axis QB of the link hub 16 on the distal end side. In this case, even if the angle ⁇ t formed by the central axis QA of the link hub 12 on the proximal end side of the link actuating device 7 and the rotation axis Ca of the rotary actuator Ra is small, the working range for the work 2 can be large.
- the visual inspection process which has been visually inspected by humans from various directions, can be automatically performed at high speed and with high accuracy. become. Further, the work 2 can be visually inspected from various directions such as scratches or dents and the presence or absence of parts. Further, when the cables connected to the image processing device Eg such as the camera Cr and the illumination Le can be passed through the internal space of the link operating device 7, the cables can be easily routed and the turning direction operation is repeated. However, cables are not twisted, and problems such as disconnection can be reduced.
- the working apparatus according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 15 to 18.
- the working device 1B shows an example in which the mounting angle ⁇ t of the link operating device 7 is changed from 45 ° to 90 ° with respect to the above-described embodiment (FIG. 1). That is, the link actuating device 7 is attached so that the central axis QA of the link hub 12 on the proximal end side is orthogonal to the rotation axis Ca of the rotary actuator Ra. Actually, the link actuating device 7 is further rotated by 180 ° around the central axis of the link hub 12 on the base end side thereof and attached to the mounting member 3.
- the link operating device 7 having a maximum bending angle ⁇ max of 90 ° or more is used, and the central axis QA of the link hub 12 on the proximal end side with respect to the rotation axis Ca of the rotary actuator Ra. Are arranged so that they are orthogonal to each other. As a result, the end effector Ee can approach various surfaces of the work 2 from the vertical direction of the surfaces to perform the work.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment described above, and have the same effects as those of the first embodiment.
- a third linear actuator 67 that advances and retreats in the Z-axis direction may be arranged on the work 2 side.
- the rotary actuator Ra is attached to the slide table 66c of the second linear actuator 66.
- the point that the rotation axis Ca of the rotary actuator Ra is parallel to the advancing / retreating direction (vertical direction) of the third linear actuator 67 is the same as the first and second embodiments described above.
- the weight of the assembly including the rotary unit Ru and the linear actuator (second linear actuator 66 in this example) that supports the rotary unit Ru can be reduced, and the entire work apparatus can be operated at high speed. can.
- the movable range of the linear motion unit 63 can be compactly accommodated, and it becomes easy to realize the compactification of the entire work device.
- the first and second linear acting actuators 65 and 66 that advance and retreat in the X-axis and Y-axis directions may be installed on the work 2 side.
- the first linear actuator 65 is installed on the ground (floor), and the guide 66b of the second linear actuator 66 is fixed to the slide table 65c via the connecting fixing member 68.
- the work 2 is placed on the slide table 66c driven forward and backward along the guide 66b via the work installation table 8 or the work elevating device 8A.
- a third linear actuator 67 that advances and retreats in the Z-axis direction is attached to the gantry 62 via a connecting fixing member 69.
- the weight of the assembly including the rotary unit Ru and the linear actuator (in this example, the third linear actuator 67) that supports the rotary unit Ru can be reduced, and the entire work apparatus can be operated at high speed. can.
- the linear motion unit 63 may be arranged on the work 2 side, and the rotary actuator Ra may be attached to the gantry 62.
- the rotating unit Ru can be supported independently of the linear motion unit 63, high-speed operation of the entire working device can be realized.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various additions, changes, or deletions can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.
- a motor with a speed reducer is applied as the rotary actuator, but other configurations such as a direct drive or a servo motor without a speed reducer may be used.
- the cover provided around the rotary actuator may be a fixed cover fixed to a fixed portion of the rotary actuator or the like, and a cable bear may be arranged in the cover. Further, without a cover, the cable bear may be provided so as to simply slide in the rotational direction around the rotary actuator. Therefore, such things are also included within the scope of the present invention.
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Abstract
Description
特許文献2では、コンパクトでありながら、高速、高精度で、広範な作動範囲の動作が可能なリンク作動装置が提案されている。
特許文献3では、直動ユニットと、パンチルト機構である回転ユニットを組み合わせた作業装置が提案されている。
特許文献4では、一般的な垂直多関節ロボットを用いた作業装置が提案されている。
特許文献5では、リンク作動装置と直動ユニットを組み合わせた作業装置(外観検査装置)が提案されている。
前記回転ユニットは、リンク作動装置と回転アクチュエータとを備え、
前記リンク作動装置は、基端側のリンクハブに対し先端側のリンクハブが3組以上のリンク機構を介して姿勢を変更可能に連結され、前記各リンク機構が、それぞれ前記基端側のリンクハブおよび前記先端側のリンクハブに一端が回転可能に連結された基端側および先端側の端部リンク部材と、これら基端側および先端側の端部リンク部材の他端に両端がそれぞれ回転可能に連結された中央リンク部材とを有し、前記3組以上のリンク機構のうちの2組以上のリンク機構に、前記基端側のリンクハブに対する前記先端側のリンクハブの姿勢を任意に変更させる姿勢制御用アクチュエータが設けられ、
前記リンク作動装置は、前記回転アクチュエータの回転軸に対して、前記基端側のリンクハブの中心軸が角度θtを成すように、前記回転アクチュエータの出力部に取り付けられ、
前記直動ユニットは、出力部となる直動アクチュエータを有し、この直動アクチュエータに前記回転ユニットが取り付けられている。
回転ユニットと直動ユニットとを組み合わせた作業装置を図1ないし図14と共に説明する。
<作業装置の概略構造>
図1に示すように、地面である床に固定された架台62に直動ユニット63が設置され、直動ユニット63の出力部となる第3の直動アクチュエータ67のガイド(第3の摺動部)67bに、回転ユニットRuが取り付けられている。回転ユニットRuは、回転アクチュエータRaとリンク作動装置7とを備える。回転アクチュエータRaの回転軸Caは、第3の直動アクチュエータ67のガイド67bの進退方向(この例では上下方向)に対し平行になるように配置されている。
図3および図4に示すように、リンク作動装置7は、パラレルリンク機構9と、このパラレルリンク機構9を作動させる姿勢制御用アクチュエータ10とを備える。
パラレルリンク機構9は、基端側のリンクハブ12に対し先端側のリンクハブ13を3組のリンク機構14を介して姿勢変更可能に連結している。リンク機構14は4組以上であってもよい。なお、図4では、1組のリンク機構14のみが示され、残りの2つのリンク機構が省略されている。
条件2:各リンク機構14の基端側および先端側のリンクハブ12,13と基端側および先端側の端部リンク部材15,16の回転対偶の中心軸O1、および基端側および先端側の端部リンク部材15,16と中央リンク部材17の回転対偶の中心軸O2が、基端側および先端側において基端側および先端側の球面リンク中心PA,PBと交差する。
条件3:基端側の端部リンク部材15と先端側の端部リンク部材16の幾何学的形状が等しい。
条件4:中央リンク部材17における基端側部分と先端側部分の幾何学的形状が等しい。
条件5:中央リンク部材17の対称面に対して、中央リンク部材17と基端側および先端側の端部リンク部材15,16との角度位置関係が基端側と先端側とで同じである。
図3および図5に示すように、姿勢制御用アクチュエータ10は、減速機構52を備えたロータリアクチュエータであり、基端側のリンクハブ12の基端部材6の下面に前記回転軸22と同軸上に設置されている。姿勢制御用アクチュエータ10と減速機構52は一体に設けられ、モータ固定部材53により減速機構52が基端部材6に固定されている。なお、姿勢制御用アクチュエータ10は、ブレーキ付きのものを使用してもよい。
図1に示すように、回転アクチュエータRaは、後述する直動ユニット63の出力部に取り付けられている。図2、図8Aおよび図8Bに示すように、回転アクチュエータRaは、回転制御用のアクチュエータ本体18と、このアクチュエータ本体18の回転を減速する減速機19とを有する。この例の回転アクチュエータRaとして、アクチュエータ本体18と減速機19とが一体に設けられた減速機付きモータが適用されている。また、この例では、リンク作動装置7の基端側リンクハブ12の中心軸QAと回転アクチュエータRaの回転軸Caは、交差するように取り付けられているが、交差させずに取り付けられてもよい。
先端側のリンクハブ13の先端部材40に、エンドエフェクタEeが取り付けられている。エンドエフェクタEeは、例えば、グリッパを含むハンド、洗浄用ノズル、ディスペンサ、溶接トーチ、画像処理機器Eg(図14)等である。
図8Aおよび図8Bに示すように、回転アクチュエータRaの周りにはカバー31が設けられている。カバー31は、それぞれ円筒状のカバー固定体32とカバー回転体33とを有している。これらカバー固定体32とカバー回転体33は、互いに同軸で且つ回転アクチュエータRaの回転軸Caに同軸に配置されている。さらに、カバー回転体33は、カバー固定体32よりも大径に形成され、カバー固定体32に対し相対回転可能に設けられている。
図1、図9および図10に示すように、直動ユニット63には、直交3軸方向に移動するXYZステージを有している。直動ユニット63は、第1,第2および第3の直動アクチュエータ65,66,67を有する。第1の直動アクチュエータ65はX軸方向(図1左右方向)に進退する。第2の直動アクチュエータ66は、X軸方向に直交する前後方向であるY軸方向に進退する。第3の直動アクチュエータ67は、X軸方向およびY軸方向にそれぞれ直交するZ軸方向に進退する。この例では、前記Z軸方向が上下方向となるように設定されている。
図1では、エンドエフェクタEeが真横を向き、ワーク2の左側面に対して作業を行う状態を示す。このリンク作動装置7は、折れ角θ=45°、旋回角φ=0°の状態である。なお、本実施形態では、この状態での回転アクチュエータRaの回転角θpを0°とし、平面視における反時計回りを+方向と定義する。
以上説明した作業装置1によれば、直動ユニット63の出力部に取り付けた回転アクチュエータRaに対して、角度θtを付けてリンク作動装置7を回転させながら作業させることで、リンク作動装置7の最大折れ角θmaxが90°であってもワーク2に対して半球面方向以上からアプローチできるようになる。例えば、回転アクチュエータRaを鉛直下向きに配置して角度θtを付けてリンク作動装置7を取り付けた場合、北半球方向からだけでなく、南半球方向からもアプローチできるようになる。そのため、従来よりもワーク2に対する作業範囲を大きくとれ、段取り替え作業の短縮を図ることが可能となる。また、回転ユニットRuがリンク作動装置7を備えているため、高速、高精度で、人の手作業のように木目細かい作業を実現できる。
以下の説明においては、各実施の形態で先行して説明している事項に対応している部分には同一の参照符号を付し、重複する説明を略する。構成の一部のみを説明している場合、構成の他の部分は、特に記載のない限り先行して説明している形態と同様とする。同一の構成から同一の作用効果を奏する。実施の各形態で具体的に説明している部分の組合せばかりではなく、特に組合せに支障が生じなければ、実施の形態同士を部分的に組合せることも可能である。
第2の実施形態に係る作業装置を図15ないし図18と共に説明する。
この作業装置1Bは、前述の実施形態(図1)に対して、リンク作動装置7の取付角度θtを45°から90°に変更した例を示す。つまりリンク作動装置7は、回転アクチュエータRaの回転軸Caに対して、基端側のリンクハブ12の中心軸QAが直交するように取り付けられている。実際には、さらにリンク作動装置7をその基端側のリンクハブ12の中心軸周りに180°回転させて取付部材3に取り付けている。
図15:折れ角θ=0°、旋回角φ=0°、回転角θp=0°
図16:折れ角θ=90°、旋回角φ=0°、回転角θp=0°
図17:折れ角θ=90°、旋回角φ=180°、回転角θp=0
図18:折れ角θ=0°、旋回角φ=0°、回転角θp=180°
第2の実施形態によれば、最大折れ角θmaxが90°以上のリンク作動装置7を使用し、かつ、回転アクチュエータRaの回転軸Caに対して、基端側のリンクハブ12の中心軸QAが直交するように配置している。これにより、エンドエフェクタEeを、ワーク2の様々な面に対してその面の垂線方向からアプローチさせて作業を行うことができるようになる。その他の構成は、前述の第1の実施形態と同じであり、第1の実施形態と同様の作用効果を奏する。
図19に示すように、Z軸方向に進退する第3の直動アクチュエータ67をワーク2側に配置してもよい。第3の実施形態では、第2の直動アクチュエータ66のスライドテーブル66cに、回転アクチュエータRaが取り付けられている。この回転アクチュエータRaの回転軸Caが、第3の直動アクチュエータ67の進退方向(上下方向)と平行である点は、前述の第1および第2の実施形態と同じである。この場合、回転ユニットRuとこの回転ユニットRuを支持する直動アクチュエータ(この例では、第2の直動アクチュエータ66)とを備えた組立品の軽量化を図れ、作業装置全体の高速動作を実現できる。また、直動ユニット63の可動範囲をコンパクトに収めることが可能となり、作業装置全体のコンパクト化を実現し易くなる。
図20に示すように、X軸、Y軸方向に進退する第1,第2の直動アクチュエータ65,66をワーク2側に設置してもよい。この例では、地面(床)に第1の直動アクチュエータ65が設置され、このスライドテーブル65cに連結固定部材68を介して第2の直動アクチュエータ66のガイド66bが固定されている。このガイド66bに沿って進退駆動されるスライドテーブル66cに、ワーク設置台8またはワーク昇降装置8Aを介してワーク2が載置される。架台62には、連結固定部材69を介して、Z軸方向に進退する第3の直動アクチュエータ67が取り付けられている。この場合、回転ユニットRuとこの回転ユニットRuを支持する直動アクチュエータ(この例では、第3の直動アクチュエータ67)とを備えた組立品の軽量化を図れ、作業装置全体の高速動作を実現できる。
図21に示すように、直動ユニット63をワーク2側に配置し、架台62に回転アクチュエータRaを取り付けてもよい。この場合、回転ユニットRuを直動ユニット63とは独立して支持できるため、作業装置全体の高速動作を実現できる。
1A…外観検査装置
7…リンク作動装置
10…姿勢制御用アクチュエータ
12…基端側のリンクハブ
13…先端側のリンクハブ
14…リンク機構
15…基端側の端部リンク部材
16…先端側の端部リンク部材
17…中央リンク部材
18…アクチュエータ本体
19…減速機
44…ケーブルベア
62…架台
63…直動ユニット
65,66,67…第1,第2,第3の直動アクチュエータ
65b…ガイド(第1の被摺動部)
65c…スライドテーブル(第1の摺動部)
66b…ガイド(第2の被摺動部)
66c…スライドテーブル(第2の摺動部)
67b…ガイド(第3の摺動部)
67c…スライドテーブル(第3の被摺動部)
Cb…ケーブル
Eg…画像処理機器
Ra…回転アクチュエータ
Ru…回転ユニット
Claims (11)
- 回転ユニットと直動ユニットとを組み合わせた作業装置であって、
前記回転ユニットは、リンク作動装置と回転アクチュエータとを備え、
前記リンク作動装置は、基端側のリンクハブに対し先端側のリンクハブが3組以上のリンク機構を介して姿勢を変更可能に連結され、前記各リンク機構が、それぞれ前記基端側のリンクハブおよび前記先端側のリンクハブに一端が回転可能に連結された基端側および先端側の端部リンク部材と、これら基端側および先端側の端部リンク部材の他端に両端がそれぞれ回転可能に連結された中央リンク部材とを有し、前記3組以上のリンク機構のうちの2組以上のリンク機構に、前記基端側のリンクハブに対する前記先端側のリンクハブの姿勢を任意に変更させる姿勢制御用アクチュエータが設けられ、
前記リンク作動装置は、前記回転アクチュエータの回転軸に対して、前記基端側のリンクハブの中心軸が角度θtを成すように、前記回転アクチュエータの出力部に取り付けられ、
前記直動ユニットは、出力部となる直動アクチュエータを有し、この直動アクチュエータに前記回転ユニットが取り付けられている作業装置。 - 請求項1に記載の作業装置において、前記リンク作動装置の2つ以上の姿勢制御用アクチュエータは、それらの回転軸が前記基端側のリンクハブの中心軸と直交するように配置され、
前記2つ以上の姿勢制御用アクチュエータの回転軸の交点が、前記角度θtを成す前記基端側のリンクハブの中心軸上にあり、
前記2つ以上の姿勢制御用アクチュエータのうち2つの姿勢制御用アクチュエータの回転軸の二等分線が、前記回転アクチュエータの回転軸と前記基端側のリンクハブの中心軸が成す平面上にあり、
前記回転アクチュエータの回転軸と前記基端側のリンクハブの中心軸が成す角度の鋭角側に前記二等分線が位置する作業装置。 - 請求項1または請求項2に記載の作業装置において、前記回転アクチュエータは、回転制御用のアクチュエータ本体と、このアクチュエータ本体の回転を減速する減速機とを有し、
少なくとも前記姿勢制御用アクチュエータから延びるケーブルを保護し案内するケーブルベアが、前記回転アクチュエータの周りに回転方向に摺動するように設けられている作業装置。 - 請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の作業装置において、前記直動ユニットは、架台に取り付けられる第1の直動アクチュエータと、第2の直動アクチュエータと、前記直動ユニットの出力部となる前記第3の直動アクチュエータとを有し、この第3の直動アクチュエータに前記回転ユニットが取り付けられている作業装置。
- 請求項4に記載の作業装置において、前記直動ユニットは、
前記架台に取り付けられる第1の被摺動部およびこの第1の被摺動部に沿って進退駆動される第1の摺動部を有する前記第1の直動アクチュエータと、
前記第1の摺動部に連結される第2の被摺動部およびこの第2の被摺動部に沿って進退駆動される第2の摺動部を有する前記第2の直動アクチュエータと、
前記第2の摺動部に連結される第3の被摺動部およびこの第3の被摺動部に沿って進退駆動される第3の摺動部を有する前記第3の直動アクチュエータと、を有する作業装置。 - 請求項5に記載の作業装置において、前記第1および第2の直動アクチュエータは、前記第1および第2の摺動部の進退方向が直交するように配置され、
前記第3の直動アクチュエータは、前記第3の摺動部の進退方向が、前記第1および第2の摺動部の進退方向に直交するように配置されている作業装置。 - 請求項5または請求項6に記載の作業装置において、前記第3の直動アクチュエータは、前記第3の摺動部の進退方向が上下方向となるように配置され、
前記第3の摺動部は前記直動アクチュエータのガイドであり、前記第3の被摺動部は前記直動アクチュエータのスライドテーブルである作業装置。 - 請求項5ないし請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の作業装置において、前記回転アクチュエータは、その回転軸が前記第3の摺動部の進退方向に平行に配置されている作業装置。
- 請求項1ないし請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の作業装置において、前記リンク作動装置は、前記基端側のリンクハブの中心軸と、前記先端側のリンクハブの中心軸との最大折れ角が90°以上である作業装置。
- 請求項9に記載の作業装置において、前記リンク作動装置は、前記回転アクチュエータの回転軸に対して、前記基端側のリンクハブの中心軸が直交するように取り付けられている作業装置。
- 請求項1ないし請求項10のいずれか1項に記載の作業装置において、この作業装置は、前記リンク作動装置に画像処理機器が搭載された外観検査装置である作業装置。
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