WO2022102404A1 - 固体撮像素子、電子機器および固体撮像素子の制御方法 - Google Patents
固体撮像素子、電子機器および固体撮像素子の制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022102404A1 WO2022102404A1 PCT/JP2021/039606 JP2021039606W WO2022102404A1 WO 2022102404 A1 WO2022102404 A1 WO 2022102404A1 JP 2021039606 W JP2021039606 W JP 2021039606W WO 2022102404 A1 WO2022102404 A1 WO 2022102404A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/76—Addressed sensors, e.g. MOS or CMOS sensors
- H04N25/77—Pixel circuitry, e.g. memories, A/D converters, pixel amplifiers, shared circuits or shared components
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/76—Addressed sensors, e.g. MOS or CMOS sensors
- H04N25/77—Pixel circuitry, e.g. memories, A/D converters, pixel amplifiers, shared circuits or shared components
- H04N25/771—Pixel circuitry, e.g. memories, A/D converters, pixel amplifiers, shared circuits or shared components comprising storage means other than floating diffusion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/10—Integrated devices
- H10F39/12—Image sensors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/80—Constructional details of image sensors
- H10F39/803—Pixels having integrated switching, control, storage or amplification elements
- H10F39/8037—Pixels having integrated switching, control, storage or amplification elements the integrated elements comprising a transistor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/80—Constructional details of image sensors
- H10F39/803—Pixels having integrated switching, control, storage or amplification elements
- H10F39/8037—Pixels having integrated switching, control, storage or amplification elements the integrated elements comprising a transistor
- H10F39/80373—Pixels having integrated switching, control, storage or amplification elements the integrated elements comprising a transistor characterised by the gate of the transistor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/60—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise
- H04N25/62—Detection or reduction of noise due to excess charges produced by the exposure, e.g. smear, blooming, ghost image, crosstalk or leakage between pixels
- H04N25/621—Detection or reduction of noise due to excess charges produced by the exposure, e.g. smear, blooming, ghost image, crosstalk or leakage between pixels for the control of blooming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/10—Integrated devices
- H10F39/12—Image sensors
- H10F39/18—Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor [CMOS] image sensors; Photodiode array image sensors
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a solid-state image sensor, an electronic device, and a control method for a solid-state image sensor.
- the present disclosure proposes a control method for a solid-state image sensor, an electronic device, and a solid-state image sensor that can improve the saturated charge amount of the photoelectric conversion unit.
- a solid-state image sensor includes a photoelectric conversion unit, a transfer transistor, and an internal gate.
- the photoelectric conversion unit photoelectrically converts the incident light.
- the transfer transistor transfers the electric charge generated by the photoelectric conversion unit.
- the internal gate is arranged inside the photoelectric conversion unit adjacent to the transfer transistor, and deepens the potential of at least a part of the region in the photoelectric conversion unit.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB shown in FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC shown in FIG. FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line DD shown in FIG. It is a timing chart which shows the operation of each part in the pixel drive processing which concerns on modification 2 of 1st Embodiment of this disclosure. It is a figure which shows the transition of the potential diagram in the light receiving pixel which concerns on the modification 2 of the 1st Embodiment of this disclosure. It is a figure which shows the transition of the potential diagram in the light receiving pixel which concerns on the modification 2 of the 1st Embodiment of this disclosure. It is a figure which shows the transition of the potential diagram in the light receiving pixel which concerns on the modification 2 of the 1st Embodiment of this disclosure.
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line EE shown in FIG.
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line FF shown in FIG.
- the photoelectric conversion unit is used.
- the amount of saturated charge may decrease.
- FIG. 1 is a system configuration diagram showing a schematic configuration example of the solid-state image sensor 1 according to each embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the solid-state image pickup device 1 includes a pixel array unit 10 and a logic circuit 20.
- the pixel array unit 10 has a plurality of light receiving pixels 11 and a plurality of readout circuits 12 (see FIG. 2).
- the light receiving pixel 11 performs photoelectric conversion and outputs a charge corresponding to the amount of light received.
- the plurality of light receiving pixels 11 are arranged in a matrix in the pixel array unit 10. In the following description, the light receiving pixel 11 is also simply referred to as a "pixel” or a "unit pixel”.
- the readout circuit 12 outputs a pixel signal based on the charge output from the light receiving pixel 11.
- the plurality of readout circuits 12 are provided, for example, in the pixel array unit 10 one by one for each light receiving pixel 11.
- the plurality of readout circuits 12 may be provided one by one for each of the plurality of light receiving pixels 11 in the pixel array unit 10.
- a plurality of pixel drive lines HSL and a plurality of data output lines VSL are connected between the pixel array unit 10 and the logic circuit 20.
- the pixel drive line HSL is a wiring to which a control signal for controlling the output of the electric charge stored in the light receiving pixel 11 is applied, and extends in the row direction, for example.
- the data output line VSL is a wiring that outputs the pixel signal output from each read circuit 12 to the logic circuit 20, and extends in the column direction, for example.
- the logic circuit 20 includes, for example, a vertical drive circuit 21, a column signal processing circuit 22, a horizontal drive circuit 23, and a system control circuit 24.
- the logic circuit 20 provides image data to the external device by outputting the output voltage of each light receiving pixel 11 to the external device.
- the vertical drive circuit 21 selects, for example, a plurality of light receiving pixels 11 in order for each predetermined unit pixel row.
- the “predetermined unit pixel row” refers to a pixel row in which pixels can be selected at the same address. For example, when one light receiving pixel 11 is assigned to one readout circuit 12, the “predetermined unit pixel row” refers to one pixel row.
- a plurality of light receiving pixels 11 share one readout circuit 12, and the layout of the plurality of light receiving pixels 11 sharing the readout circuit 12 is 2 pixel rows ⁇ n pixel columns (n is an integer of 1 or more). If so, the "predetermined unit pixel row" refers to a two-pixel row.
- the layout of the plurality of light receiving pixels 11 sharing the readout circuit 12 is 4 pixel rows ⁇ n pixel columns (n is an integer of 1 or more), what is “a predetermined unit pixel row”? It points to a 4-pixel row.
- the vertical drive circuit 21 controls the transfer transistors TY, TRG, emission transistors OFG, internal gate PY, TX (all see FIG. 2) in each light receiving pixel 11 via the pixel drive line HSL. Further, the vertical drive circuit 21 controls the reset transistor RST and the selection transistor SEL (all see FIG. 2) in each read circuit 12 via the pixel drive line HSL.
- the column signal processing circuit 22 performs, for example, Correlated Double Sampling (CDS) processing on the pixel signals output from each light receiving pixel 11 in the row selected by the vertical drive circuit 21. For example, the column signal processing circuit 22 extracts the signal level of the pixel signal by performing this CDS processing, and holds the pixel data corresponding to the light receiving amount of each light receiving pixel 11.
- CDS Correlated Double Sampling
- the column signal processing circuit 22 has, for example, a column signal processing unit for each data output line VSL.
- the column signal processing unit includes, for example, a single slope A / D converter. This single slope A / D converter is configured to include, for example, a comparator and a counter circuit.
- the horizontal drive circuit 23 sequentially outputs the pixel data held in the column signal processing circuit 22, for example, to the outside.
- the system control circuit 24 controls, for example, the drive of each block (vertical drive circuit 21, column signal processing circuit 22 and horizontal drive circuit 23) in the logic circuit 20.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of a circuit configuration of a light receiving pixel 11 and a readout circuit 12 according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- a case where one light receiving pixel 11 is assigned to one readout circuit 12 is shown.
- the light receiving pixel 11 includes a photodiode PD, transfer transistors TY and TRG, a charge holding unit MEM, a floating diffusion FD, an emission transistor OFG, and an internal gate PY. Has TX.
- the photodiode PD is an example of a photoelectric conversion unit.
- the internal gate TX is an example of another internal gate.
- the transfer transistor TY, TRG and the emission transistor OFG are, for example, an MIMO (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) transistor.
- the photodiode PD photoelectrically converts the light incident on the light receiving surface.
- the photodiode PD performs photoelectric conversion to generate an electric charge according to the amount of received light.
- the photodiode PD is, for example, a PN junction type photoelectric conversion element.
- the cathode PDc of the photodiode PD is electrically connected to the source of the transfer transistor TY, and the anode PDa of the photodiode PD is electrically connected to the reference potential line (eg, ground GND).
- the transfer transistor TY is connected between the photodiode PD and the transfer transistor TRG.
- the transfer transistor TY controls the height of the potential barrier PB1 (see FIG. 7F) according to the control signal applied to the gate. For example, when the transfer transistor TY is turned on, the height of the potential barrier PB1 becomes low (that is, the potential barrier PB1 becomes deep).
- the transfer transistor TY when the transfer transistor TY is turned off, the height of the potential barrier PB1 becomes high (that is, the potential barrier PB1 becomes shallow). Then, when the transfer transistor TY is turned on, the charge stored in the photodiode PD is transferred to the charge holding unit MEM via the transfer transistor TY.
- the transfer transistor TY controls the potential of a part of the region in the charge holding unit MEM according to the control signal applied to the gate. Specifically, when the transfer transistor TY is turned on, the transfer transistor TY deepens the potential of the region adjacent to the potential barrier PB1 in the charge holding unit MEM.
- the transfer transistor TY when the transfer transistor TY is turned off, the transfer transistor TY shallows the potential of the region adjacent to the potential barrier PB1 in the charge holding unit MEM.
- the drain of the transfer transistor TY is electrically connected to the source of the transfer transistor TRG, and the gate of the transfer transistor TY is connected to the pixel drive line HSL (see FIG. 1).
- the charge holding unit MEM is a region that temporarily holds the charge accumulated in the photodiode PD.
- the charge holding unit MEM holds the charge transferred from the photodiode PD.
- the transfer transistor TRG is connected between the transfer transistor TY and the floating diffusion FD.
- the transfer transistor TRG transfers the charge held in the charge holding unit MEM to the floating diffusion FD according to the control signal applied to the gate.
- the transfer transistor TRG when the transfer transistor TRG is turned on, the charge held in the charge holding unit MEM is transferred to the floating diffusion FD via the transfer transistor TRG.
- the drain of the transfer transistor TRG is electrically connected to the floating diffusion FD, and the gate of the transfer transistor TRG is connected to the pixel drive line HSL.
- the floating diffusion FD is a floating diffusion region that temporarily holds the charge output from the charge holding unit MEM via the transfer transistor TRG.
- the floating diffusion FD is connected to, for example, the reset transistor RST and is connected to the vertical signal line VSL via the amplification transistor AMP and the selection transistor SEL.
- the internal gate PY controls the potential of a part of the photodiode PD according to the control signal applied to the gate. Specifically, when the internal gate PY is turned on, the internal gate PY deepens the potential of the region adjacent to the transfer transistor TY inside the photodiode PD.
- the internal gate PY when the internal gate PY is turned off, the internal gate PY shallows the potential of the region adjacent to the transfer transistor TY inside the photodiode PD.
- the internal gate TX controls the potential of a part of the region in the charge holding unit MEM according to the control signal applied to the gate. Specifically, when the internal gate TX is turned on, the internal gate TX deepens the potential of the region between the transfer transistor TY and the transfer transistor TRG inside the charge holding unit MEM.
- the internal gate TX when the internal gate TX is turned off, the internal gate TX shallows the potential of the region between the transfer transistor TY and the transfer transistor TRG inside the charge holding unit MEM.
- the discharge transistor OFG is connected between the photodiode PD and the power supply line VDD (discharge floating diffusion OFD).
- the discharge transistor OFG discharges the electric charge accumulated in the photodiode PD according to the control signal applied to the gate, and initializes (reset) the photodiode PD.
- the potential of the photodiode PD is reset to the potential level of the power supply line VDD. That is, the photodiode PD is initialized.
- the discharge transistor OFG forms an overflow path between the transfer transistor TY and the power supply line VDD, and discharges the electric charge overflowing from the photodiode PD to the power supply line VDD.
- the drain of the discharge transistor OFG is connected to the power supply line VDD, the source of the discharge transistor OFG is connected between the photodiode PD and the transfer transistor TY, and the gate of the discharge transistor OFG is connected to the pixel drive line HSL.
- the reset transistor RST is connected between the floating diffusion FD and the power line VDD.
- the reset transistor RST discharges the charge accumulated in each region from the charge holding unit MEM to the floating diffusion FD according to the control signal applied to the gate, and initializes (reset) each region.
- the transfer transistor TRG and the reset transistor RST are turned on, the potentials of the charge holding unit MEM and the floating diffusion FD are reset to the potential level of the power supply line VDD.
- the potential of the floating diffusion FD is reset to the potential level of the power line VDD. That is, when only the reset transistor RST is turned on, the floating diffusion FD is initialized.
- the drain of the reset transistor RST is connected to the power supply line VDD, the source of the reset transistor RST is connected to the floating diffusion FD, and the gate of the reset transistor RST is connected to the pixel drive line HSL.
- the amplification transistor AMP is an input unit of a source follower circuit that reads out the electric charge obtained by photoelectric conversion in the photodiode PD. Since the source is connected to the vertical signal line VSL via the selection transistor SEL, the amplification transistor AMP constitutes a constant current source and a source follower circuit connected to one end of the vertical signal line VSL.
- the amplification transistor AMP converts the charge obtained by photoelectric conversion in the photodiode PD into a pixel signal and outputs it to the vertical signal line VSL via the selection transistor SEL.
- the gate of the amplification transistor AMP is connected to the floating diffusion FD, the drain of the amplification transistor AMP is connected to the power supply line VDD, and the source of the amplification transistor AMP is connected to the drain of the selection transistor SEL.
- the selection transistor SEL controls the output of the pixel signal output from the amplification transistor AMP to the vertical signal line VSL according to the control signal applied to the gate.
- the control signal is turned on, the selection transistor SEL is in a conductive state, and the light receiving pixel 11 connected to the selection transistor SEL is in a selection state.
- the pixel signal output from the amplifier transistor AMP is read out to the column signal processing circuit 22 (see FIG. 1) via the vertical signal line VSL.
- the drain of the selection transistor SEL is connected to the source of the amplification transistor AMP, the source of the selection transistor SEL is connected to the vertical signal line VSL, and the gate of the selection transistor SEL is connected to the pixel drive line HSL.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a planar configuration of the light receiving pixel 11 according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA shown in FIG. 3
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB shown in FIG. It should be noted that FIGS. 3 to 5 are schematic views and are not necessarily exactly illustrated.
- the concentration of impurities is indicated by expressions such as "P +", “N-”, “N +”, and “N ++".
- concentration of the p-type impurity (acceptor) is in the range of 1 ⁇ 10 16 cm -3 to 5 ⁇ 10 18 cm -3 .
- N + indicates that the concentration of n-type impurities (donor) is higher than that of "N-”
- “N ++” indicates that the concentration of n-type impurities (donor) is higher than that of "N +”.
- concentration of the n-type impurity (donor) is in the range of 1 ⁇ 10 16 cm -3 to 5 ⁇ 10 18 cm -3 .
- the light receiving pixel 11 is formed on the semiconductor substrate 30.
- the semiconductor substrate 30 is, for example, a silicon substrate.
- the semiconductor substrate 30 has a p-well layer 32 on the surface of the semiconductor substrate 30 and its vicinity thereof, and has an n-type semiconductor layer 31 at a position deeper than the p-well layer 32.
- the internal gate PY is provided on the surface of the semiconductor substrate 30 and is composed of a gate electrode 41 and a gate insulating film 42.
- the gate of the transfer transistor TY is provided on the surface of the semiconductor substrate 30, and is composed of a gate electrode 43 and a gate insulating film 44.
- the internal gate TX is provided on the surface of the semiconductor substrate 30, and is composed of a gate electrode 45 and a gate insulating film 46.
- the gate of the transfer transistor TRG is provided on the surface of the semiconductor substrate 30, and is composed of a gate electrode 47 and a gate insulating film 48.
- light is incident from the back surface side of the semiconductor substrate 30.
- the p-well layer 32 is a p-type semiconductor region formed on or near the surface of the semiconductor substrate 30.
- An n-type semiconductor region 33 and a p-type semiconductor region 34 are formed in a portion of the p-well layer 32 facing the internal gate PY.
- the p-type semiconductor region 34 is formed on the surface of the semiconductor substrate 30 and is in contact with the n-type semiconductor region 33.
- the n-type semiconductor region 33 and the p-type semiconductor region 34 are laminated in the thickness direction (normal direction) of the semiconductor substrate 30 to form a photodiode PD.
- the photodiode PD is arranged at a position adjacent to the charge holding portion MEM in a plan view.
- the internal gate PY is arranged inside the photodiode PD in a plan view and is arranged adjacent to the transfer transistor TY.
- the transfer transistor TY is arranged between the photodiode PD and the charge holding unit MEM in a plan view.
- a charge holding portion MEM is formed at a portion of the p-well layer 32 facing the gate of the transfer transistor TY and the internal gate TX.
- the charge holding unit MEM is formed at a predetermined depth from the surface of the semiconductor substrate 30.
- the charge holding unit MEM is composed of an n-type semiconductor region 35 formed in the p-well layer 32.
- a p-type semiconductor region 36 is formed between the surface of the semiconductor substrate 30 and the charge holding portion MEM (n-type semiconductor region 35).
- the transfer transistor TY is arranged so that a part of the region overlaps with a part of the charge holding unit MEM in a plan view.
- the internal gate TX is arranged inside the charge holding portion MEM in a plan view, and is arranged between the transfer transistor TY and the transfer transistor TRG.
- a floating diffusion FD, an exhaust floating diffusion OFD, and a read circuit 12 are formed around the region including the photodiode PD and the charge holding unit MEM in a plan view.
- the floating diffusion FD is composed of an n-type semiconductor region 37 formed in the p-well layer 32.
- the discharge floating diffusion OFD is composed of an n-type semiconductor region 38 formed in the p-well layer 32.
- a transfer transistor TRG is formed between the floating diffusion FD and the charge holding unit MEM in a plan view. Further, an emission transistor OFG is formed between the emission floating diffusion OFD and the photodiode PD in a plan view. Further, an internal gate PY is arranged at a position adjacent to the discharge transistor OFG in a plan view.
- FIG. 6 is a timing chart showing the operation of each part in the pixel drive process according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIGS. 7A to 7N are potential diagrams in the light receiving pixel 11 according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. It is a figure which shows the transition of.
- FIGS. 7A to 7E described below show the potential states of the photodiode PD, the exhaust floating diffusion OFD, and the potential barrier PB3 located between them.
- the photodiode PD has a first region PD1 not covered by the internal gate PY and a second region PD2 covered by the internal gate PY.
- the potential of the first region PD1 is designed to gradually increase as it approaches the second region PD2, and the potential of the second region PD2 is designed to gradually increase as it approaches the potential barrier PB3.
- the light receiving pixel 11 according to the first embodiment is designed so that the depth of the overall potential of the first region PD1 is substantially equal to the depth of the overall potential of the second region PD2. ..
- an emission transistor OFG is arranged between the second region PD2 of the photodiode PD and the emission floating diffusion OFD (that is, the potential barrier PB3).
- FIG. 7A is a potential diagram in the light receiving pixel 11 at time T0 in FIG.
- the gate or transistor is shown in black when the gate or transistor is on, and is shown in white when the gate or transistor is off. That is, in FIG. 7A (time T0), both the internal gate PY and the emission transistor OFG are in the off state.
- the system control circuit 24 (see FIG. 1) performs the PD reset process from the time T1. First, the system control circuit 24 changes the emission transistor OFG from the off state to the on state at time T1.
- the potential of the potential barrier PB3 becomes deeper than the potential of the second region PD2 of the photodiode PD, so that the charge accumulated in the second region PD2 is transferred to the discharge floating diffusion OFD. (Ie, discharged).
- the system control circuit 24 changes the internal gate PY from the off state to the on state at the time T2 when a given time has elapsed from the time T1.
- the discharge transistor OFG is maintained in the ON state.
- the potential of the second region PD2 becomes deeper than the potential of the first region PD1 and the potential barrier PB3, so that the charge accumulated in the first region PD1 is transferred to the second region PD2. Transferred.
- the system control circuit 24 changes the internal gate PY from the on state to the off state at the time T3 when a given time has elapsed from the time T2.
- the discharge transistor OFG is maintained in the ON state.
- the potential of the second region PD2 becomes shallower than the potential of the potential barrier PB3, so that the electric charge accumulated in the second region PD2 is transferred (that is, discharged) to the discharged floating diffusion OFD. Will be done.
- the system control circuit 24 changes the emission transistor OFG from the on state to the off state at the time T4 when a given time has elapsed from the time T3.
- the potentials of the second region PD2 and the potential barrier PB3 return to the preset depths.
- the system control circuit 24 performs a process of resetting the charge holding unit MEM and the floating diffusion FD, but the description of the process will be omitted.
- the system control circuit 24 performs a charge accumulation process (exposure process) from the time T4 to the time T5 when the given exposure time elapses.
- FIGS. 7F to 7N described below show the potential states of the photodiode PD (first region PD1, second region PD2), the charge holding unit MEM, and the floating diffusion FD.
- FIGS. 7F to 7N also show the potential state of the potential barrier PB1 located between the photodiode PD and the charge holding unit MEM. Further, FIGS. 7F to 7N also show the potential state of the potential barrier PB2 located between the charge holding portion MEM and the floating diffusion FD.
- the charge holding unit MEM has a first region M1 covered with the transfer transistor TY and a second region M2 covered with the internal gate TX.
- the potential of the first region M1 is designed to be gradually deepened as it approaches the second region M2, and the potential of the second region M2 is designed to be gradually deepened as it approaches the potential barrier PB2.
- the light receiving pixel 11 according to the first embodiment is designed so that the depth of the overall potential of the first region M1 is substantially equal to the depth of the overall potential of the second region M2. ..
- a transfer transistor TRG is arranged between the second region M2 of the charge holding unit MEM and the floating diffusion FD (that is, the potential barrier PB2).
- FIG. 7F is a potential diagram in the light receiving pixel 11 that is performing the charge accumulation process. As shown in FIG. 7F, in the charge storage process, the internal gates PY and TX and the transfer transistors TY and TRG are all in the off state.
- the system control circuit 24 can store the electric charge generated by photoelectric conversion of the light incident on the photodiode PD in the photodiode PD.
- the system control circuit 24 changes the internal gate PY, TX, and the transfer transistor TY from the off state to the on state at the time T5 when the given exposure time has elapsed from the time T4.
- the transfer transistor TRG is maintained in the off state.
- the potentials of the second region PD2 and the first region M1 become deeper than the potentials of the first region PD1 and the potential barrier PB1, so that the charge accumulated in the photodiode PD becomes the second. It is transferred to the area PD2 and the first area M1.
- the system control circuit 24 changes the internal gate PY from the on state to the off state at the time T6 when a given time has elapsed from the time T5.
- the transfer transistor TY and the internal gate TX are maintained in the on state, and the transfer transistor TRG is maintained in the off state.
- the potential of the second region PD2 becomes shallower than the potential of the potential barrier PB1, so that the charge accumulated in the second region PD2 is transferred to the potential barrier PB1 and the charge holding unit MEM. Will be done.
- the system control circuit 24 changes the transfer transistor TY from the on state to the off state at the time T7 when a given time has elapsed from the time T6.
- the internal gate TX is maintained in the on state, and the internal gate PY and the transfer transistor TRG are maintained in the off state.
- the potential of the potential barrier PB1 becomes shallower than the potential of the charge holding unit MEM, so that the charge accumulated in the potential barrier PB1 is transferred to the charge holding unit MEM.
- the system control circuit 24 changes the internal gate TX from the on state to the off state at the time T8 when a given time has elapsed from the time T7.
- the potential of the second region M2 returns to the preset depth.
- the system control circuit 24 performs an FD reset process for resetting the floating diffusion FD from a time T9 after the time T8 when the charge transfer process is completed.
- the system control circuit 24 changes the reset transistor RST from the off state to the on state in the time T9. As a result, the electric charge accumulated in the floating diffusion FD is discharged to the outside.
- the system control circuit 24 changes the reset transistor RST from the on state to the off state at the time T10 when a given time has elapsed from the time T9. This completes the FD reset process.
- the system control circuit 24 performs the FD charge transfer process of transferring the charge to the floating diffusion FD from the time T10 when the FD reset process is completed.
- the system control circuit 24 changes the transfer transistor TRG from the off state to the on state at the time T11 when a given time has elapsed from the time T10.
- the internal gate PY, TX and the transfer transistor TY are maintained in the off state.
- the potential of the potential barrier PB2 becomes deeper than the potential of the second region M2, so that the charge accumulated in the second region M2 is transferred to the floating diffusion FD.
- the system control circuit 24 changes the internal gate TX from the off state to the on state at the time T12 when a given time has elapsed from the time T11.
- the internal gate PY and the transfer transistor TY are maintained in the off state, and the transfer transistor TRG is maintained in the on state.
- the potential of the second region M2 becomes deeper than the potential of the first region M1, so that the electric charge accumulated in the first region M1 is transferred to the second region M2.
- the system control circuit 24 changes the internal gate TX from the on state to the off state at the time T13 when a given time has elapsed from the time T12.
- the internal gate PY and the transfer transistor TY are maintained in the off state, and the transfer transistor TRG is maintained in the on state.
- the potential of the second region M2 becomes shallower than the potential of the potential barrier PB2, so that the charge accumulated in the second region M2 is transferred to the potential barrier PB2.
- the system control circuit 24 changes the transfer transistor TRG from the on state to the off state at the time T14 when a given time has elapsed from the time T13.
- the electric charge accumulated in the potential barrier PB2 is transferred to the floating diffusion FD, and the potential of the potential barrier PB2 returns to the preset depth.
- the system control circuit 24 changes the selection transistor SEL (see FIG. 2) to the ON state.
- a pixel signal with a signal level corresponding to the potential of the floating diffusion FD is generated by the amplification transistor AMP (see FIG. 2), and the generated pixel signal is passed through the selection transistor SEL to the vertical signal line VSL (see FIG. 2). Is output to.
- system control circuit 24 may perform this read operation for each predetermined unit pixel row. As a result, the system control circuit 24 can perform the image pickup process in the GS (global shutter) mode.
- the potential of the first region PD1 is designed to be deep, a potential dent is formed between the first region PD1 and the potential barrier PB1.
- the charge stored in the photodiode PD is transferred to the charge holding unit MEM, the charge remains in the recess of the potential, so that all the accumulated charge can be transferred to the charge holding unit MEM. It will be difficult.
- an internal gate PY that deepens the potential of the second region PD2 on the downstream side in the photodiode PD is provided.
- the potential of the first region PD1 is deepened (for example, substantially equivalent to the second region PD2) as described above, all the charges stored in the photodiode PD are transferred to the charge holding unit MEM. be able to.
- the potential of the first region PD1 of the photodiode PD can be deeply designed. Therefore, according to the first embodiment, the saturated charge amount of the photodiode PD can be improved.
- the internal gate PY is arranged at a position adjacent to the transfer transistor TY in a plan view.
- the system control circuit 24 smoothly transfers the charge accumulated in the photodiode PD to the charge holding unit MEM via the second region PD2 and the potential barrier PB1. be able to.
- the internal gate PY is arranged at a position adjacent to the discharge transistor OFG in a plan view.
- the system control circuit 24 can smoothly discharge the electric charge remaining in the photodiode PD from the floating diffusion OFD via the second region PD2 and the potential barrier PB3. ..
- the transfer transistor TY covers not only the region between the photodiode PD and the charge holding portion MEM but also a part of the region of the charge holding portion MEM (first region M1) in a plan view. It is good to be arranged like this.
- the system control circuit 24 smoothly transfers the charge accumulated in the photodiode PD to the charge holding unit MEM via the second region PD2 and the potential barrier PB1. be able to.
- the internal gate TX is arranged between the transfer transistor TY and the transfer transistor TRG inside the charge holding unit MEM in a plan view.
- the system control circuit 24 smoothly transfers the charge accumulated in the charge holding unit MEM to the floating diffusion FD via the second region M2 and the potential barrier PB2. Can be done.
- FIG. 8 is a timing chart showing the operation of each part in the pixel drive process according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIGS. 9A and 9B are the first embodiments of the present disclosure. It is a figure which shows the transition of the potential diagram in the said light receiving pixel 11.
- the operation in the charge storage process is different from that of the embodiment. Therefore, the description of the processing other than this charge accumulation processing will be omitted.
- the system control circuit 24 changes the internal gate PY from the off state to the on state from the time T4 as shown in FIG.
- the internal gate TX, the transfer transistors TY, and TRG are in the off state.
- the system control circuit 24 stores the electric charge generated by photoelectric conversion of the light incident on the photodiode PD in the photodiode PD having a deep potential in the second region PD2. Can be made to.
- the system control circuit 24 changes the internal gate TX and the transfer transistor TY from the off state to the on state at the time T5 when the given exposure time has elapsed from the time T4.
- the internal gate PY is maintained in the ON state.
- the potentials of the second region PD2 and the charge holding unit MEM become deeper than the potentials of the first region PD1 and the potential barrier PB1. Therefore, in the first modification, the charge stored in the photodiode PD is transferred to the second region PD2 and the charge holding unit MEM.
- the internal gate PY is maintained in the ON state.
- the potential of the second region PD2 can be deepened during the charge storage process, so that more charge can be stored in the photodiode PD.
- the saturated charge amount of the photodiode PD can be further improved.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an example of the circuit configuration of the light receiving pixel 11 and the readout circuit 12 according to the second modification of the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- one light receiving pixel 11 is assigned to one reading circuit 12.
- the configuration of the internal gate PY is different from that of the embodiment. Therefore, the description of the configuration other than the internal gate PY will be omitted.
- the light receiving pixel 11 includes a photodiode PD, transfer transistors TY and TRG, a charge holding unit MEM, a floating diffusion FD, an emission transistor OFG, and internal gates PY1 and PY2. , TX and.
- the internal gates PY1 and PY2 control the potential of a part of the photodiode PD according to the control signal applied to the gate. Specifically, when the internal gate PY2 is turned on, the internal gate PY2 deepens the potential of the region adjacent to the transfer transistor TY inside the photodiode PD.
- the internal gate PY1 deepens the potential of the region adjacent to the internal gate PY2 inside the photodiode PD.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of a planar configuration of the light receiving pixel 11 according to the second embodiment of the first embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC shown in FIG.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line DD shown in FIG. It should be noted that FIGS. 11 to 13 are schematic views and are not necessarily exactly illustrated.
- the internal gate PY1 is provided on the surface of the semiconductor substrate 30 and is composed of a gate electrode 51 and a gate insulating film 52.
- the internal gate PY2 is provided on the surface of the semiconductor substrate 30, and is composed of a gate electrode 53 and a gate insulating film 54.
- the photodiode PD is arranged at a position adjacent to the charge holding portion MEM in a plan view.
- the internal gate PY2 is arranged inside the photodiode PD in a plan view and is arranged adjacent to the transfer transistor TY.
- the internal gate PY1 is arranged inside the photodiode PD in a plan view, and is arranged adjacent to the internal gate PY2.
- the transfer transistor TY is arranged between the photodiode PD and the charge holding unit MEM in a plan view.
- a discharge transistor OFG is formed between the discharge floating diffusion OFD and the photodiode PD in a plan view. Further, an internal gate PY2 is arranged at a position adjacent to the discharge transistor OFG in a plan view.
- FIGS. 14 to 15L is a timing chart showing the operation of each part in the pixel drive process according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIGS. 15A to 15L are the second embodiments of the first embodiment of the present disclosure. It is a figure which shows the transition of the potential diagram in the said light receiving pixel 11.
- FIGS. 15A to 15F described below show the potential states of the photodiode PD, the exhaust floating diffusion OFD, and the potential barrier PB3 located between them.
- the photodiode PD is covered by the first region PD1 not covered by the internal gates PY1 and PY2, the second region PD2 covered by the internal gate PY1, and the internal gate PY2. It has a third region PD3 that is used.
- the potential of the first region PD1 is designed to gradually increase as it approaches the second region PD2, and the potential of the second region PD2 is designed to gradually increase as it approaches the third region PD3. .. Further, the potential of the third region PD3 is designed to gradually become deeper as it approaches the potential barrier PB3.
- the depth of the overall potential of the first region PD1 is substantially equal to the depth of the overall potential of the second region PD2 and the third region PD3. It is designed.
- an emission transistor OFG is arranged between the third region PD3 of the photodiode PD and the emission floating diffusion OFD (that is, the potential barrier PB3).
- FIG. 15A is a potential diagram in the light receiving pixel 11 at time T20 in FIG.
- the internal gates PY1 and PY2 and the emission transistor OFG are all in the off state. Further, at the time of time T20, electric charges are accumulated in the photodiode PD due to the light incident on the photodiode PD.
- the system control circuit 24 (see FIG. 1) performs the PD reset process from the time T21. First, the system control circuit 24 changes the discharge transistor OFG from the off state to the on state at time T21. At time T21, the internal gates PY1 and PY2 are maintained in the off state.
- the potential of the potential barrier PB3 becomes deeper than the potential of the third region PD3 of the photodiode PD, so that the charge accumulated in the third region PD3 is transferred to the discharge floating diffusion OFD. (Ie, discharged).
- the system control circuit 24 changes the internal gates PY1 and PY2 from the off state to the on state at the time T22 when a given time has elapsed from the time T21.
- the discharge transistor OFG is maintained in the ON state.
- the potentials of the second region PD2 and the third region PD3 become deeper than the potentials of the first region PD1 and the potential barrier PB3, so that the charge accumulated in the first region PD1 becomes the first. It is transferred to the two-region PD2 and the third region PD3.
- the system control circuit 24 changes the internal gate PY1 from the on state to the off state at the time T23 when a given time has elapsed from the time T22.
- the internal gate PY2 and the discharge transistor OFG are maintained in the ON state.
- the potential of the second region PD2 becomes shallower than the potential of the third region PD3, so that the electric charge accumulated in the second region PD2 is transferred to the third region PD3.
- the system control circuit 24 changes the internal gate PY2 from the on state to the off state at the time T24 when a given time has elapsed from the time T23.
- the discharge transistor OFG is maintained in the on state, and the internal gate PY1 is maintained in the off state.
- the potential of the third region PD3 becomes shallower than the potential of the potential barrier PB3, so that the electric charge accumulated in the third region PD3 is transferred (that is, discharged) to the discharged floating diffusion OFD. Will be done.
- the system control circuit 24 changes the emission transistor OFG from the on state to the off state at the time T25 when a given time has elapsed from the time T24.
- the potentials of the second region PD2, the third region PD3, and the potential barrier PB3 return to the preset depths.
- the system control circuit 24 performs a process of resetting the charge holding unit MEM and the floating diffusion FD, but the description of the process will be omitted.
- the system control circuit 24 performs the charge accumulation process from the time T25 to the time T26 when the given exposure time elapses.
- FIG. 15G is a potential diagram in the light receiving pixel 11 that carries out the charge storage process of the second modification. As shown in FIG. 15G, in the charge storage process of the second modification, the internal gates PY1, PY2, TX, and the transfer transistors TY and TRG are all in the off state.
- the system control circuit 24 can store the electric charge generated by photoelectric conversion of the light incident on the photodiode PD in the photodiode PD.
- the system control circuit 24 changes the internal gates PY1, PY2, TX and the transfer transistor TY from the off state to the on state at the time T26 when the given exposure time has elapsed from the time T25. do.
- the transfer transistor TRG is maintained in the off state.
- the potentials of the second region PD2, the third region PD3, and the first region M1 become deeper than the potentials of the first region PD1 and the potential barrier PB1. Therefore, the electric charge stored in the photodiode PD is transferred to the second region PD2, the third region PD3, and the first region M1.
- the system control circuit 24 changes the internal gate PY1 from the on state to the off state at the time T27 when a given time has elapsed from the time T26.
- the internal gates PY2, TX and the transfer transistor TY are maintained in the on state, and the transfer transistor TRG is maintained in the off state.
- the potential of the second region PD2 becomes shallower than the potential of the third region PD3, so that the charge accumulated in the second region PD2 becomes the third region PD3 and the charge holding unit MEM. Transferred to.
- the system control circuit 24 changes the internal gate PY2 from the on state to the off state at the time T28 when a given time has elapsed from the time T27.
- the internal gate TX and the transfer transistor TY are maintained in the on state, and the internal gate PY1 and the transfer transistor TRG are maintained in the off state.
- the potential of the third region PD3 becomes shallower than the potential of the potential barrier PB1, so that the charge accumulated in the third region PD3 is transferred to the potential barrier PB1 and the charge holding unit MEM. Will be done.
- the system control circuit 24 changes the transfer transistor TY from the on state to the off state at the time T29 when a given time has elapsed from the time T28.
- the internal gate TX is maintained in the on state, and the internal gates PY1 and PY2 and the transfer transistor TRG are maintained in the off state.
- the potential of the potential barrier PB1 becomes shallower than the potential of the charge holding unit MEM, so that the charge accumulated in the potential barrier PB1 is transferred to the charge holding unit MEM.
- the system control circuit 24 changes the internal gate TX from the on state to the off state at the time T30 when a given time has elapsed from the time T29.
- the potential of the second region M2 returns to the preset depth.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an example of a planar configuration of a light receiving pixel 11 according to a modification 3 of the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the charge accumulated in the photodiode PD can be transferred to the charge holding unit MEM more smoothly.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of the circuit configuration of the light receiving pixel 11 and the readout circuit 12 according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure. In the example of FIG. 17, a case where one light receiving pixel 11 is assigned to one readout circuit 12 is shown.
- the light receiving pixel 11 has a photodiode PD, a transfer transistor TRG, a floating diffusion FD, an emission transistor OFG, and an internal gate PY.
- the light receiving pixel 11 according to the second embodiment has a charge holding unit MEM and a portion (transfer) related to the charge holding unit MEM as compared with the light receiving pixel 11 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. Transistor TY, internal gate TX) are not provided. Therefore, in the following, the parts different from the first embodiment will be mainly described.
- the cathode PDc of the photodiode PD is electrically connected to the source of the transfer transistor TRG, and the anode PDa of the photodiode PD is electrically connected to the reference potential line (eg, ground GND).
- the reference potential line eg, ground GND
- the transfer transistor TRG is connected between the photodiode PD and the floating diffusion FD.
- the transfer transistor TRG transfers the charge held in the photodiode PD to the floating diffusion FD according to the control signal applied to the gate.
- the transfer transistor TRG when the transfer transistor TRG is turned on, the electric charge held in the photodiode PD is transferred to the floating diffusion FD via the transfer transistor TRG.
- the drain of the transfer transistor TRG is electrically connected to the floating diffusion FD, and the gate of the transfer transistor TRG is connected to the pixel drive line HSL.
- the floating diffusion FD is a floating diffusion region that temporarily holds the electric charge output from the photodiode PD via the transfer transistor TRG.
- the floating diffusion FD is connected to, for example, the reset transistor RST and is connected to the vertical signal line VSL via the amplification transistor AMP and the selection transistor SEL.
- the internal gate PY controls the potential of a part of the photodiode PD according to the control signal applied to the gate. Specifically, when the internal gate PY is turned on, the internal gate PY deepens the potential of the region adjacent to the transfer transistor TRG inside the photodiode PD.
- the internal gate PY when the internal gate PY is turned off, the internal gate PY shallows the potential of the region adjacent to the transfer transistor TRG inside the photodiode PD.
- the reset transistor RST is connected between the floating diffusion FD and the power line VDD.
- the reset transistor RST discharges the electric charge accumulated in the floating diffusion FD according to the control signal applied to the gate, and initializes (reset) the floating diffusion FD.
- the reset transistor RST when the reset transistor RST is turned on, the potential of the floating diffusion FD is reset to the potential level of the power line VDD. That is, when the reset transistor RST is turned on, the floating diffusion FD is initialized.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an example of a planar configuration of the light receiving pixel 11 according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line EE shown in FIG. 18
- FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line EE.
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line FF shown in FIG. It should be noted that FIGS. 18 to 20 are schematic views and are not necessarily exactly illustrated.
- the internal gate PY is provided on the surface of the semiconductor substrate 30 and is composed of a gate electrode 41 and a gate insulating film 42.
- the gate of the transfer transistor TRG is provided on the surface of the semiconductor substrate 30, and is composed of a gate electrode 47 and a gate insulating film 48.
- light is incident from the back surface side of the semiconductor substrate 30.
- the internal gate PY is arranged inside the photodiode PD in a plan view and is arranged adjacent to the transfer transistor TRG.
- a floating diffusion FD, an exhaust floating diffusion OFD, and a read circuit 12 are formed around the region including the photodiode PD in a plan view.
- a transfer transistor TRG is formed between the floating diffusion FD and the photodiode PD in a plan view.
- a discharge transistor OFG is formed between the discharge floating diffusion OFD and the photodiode PD in a plan view. Further, an internal gate PY is arranged at a position adjacent to the discharge transistor OFG in a plan view.
- FIGS. 21 to 22D are timing chart showing the operation of each part in the pixel drive process according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIGS. 22A to 22D are potential diagrams in the light receiving pixel 11 according to the second embodiment of the present disclosure. It is a figure which shows the transition of.
- the system control circuit 24 (see FIG. 1) performs the PD reset process from the time T41 to the time T44. Since the PD reset process is the same process as the PD reset process of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 7A to 7E, detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- system control circuit 24 performs a process of resetting the floating diffusion FD, but the description of such process will be omitted.
- the system control circuit 24 carries out the charge accumulation process from the time T44 to the time T45 when the given exposure time elapses.
- the photodiode PD has a first region PD1 not covered by the internal gate PY and a second region PD2 covered by the internal gate PY.
- the potential of the first region PD1 is designed to gradually increase as it approaches the second region PD2, and the potential of the second region PD2 is designed to gradually increase as it approaches the potential barrier PB4.
- the potential barrier PB4 is a potential barrier located between the photodiode PD and the floating diffusion FD. Further, a transfer transistor TRG is arranged between the photodiode PD and the floating diffusion FD (that is, the potential barrier PB4).
- FIG. 22A is a potential diagram in the light receiving pixel 11 that carries out the charge storage process of the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 22A, in the charge storage process of the second embodiment, both the internal gate PY1 and the transfer transistor TRG are in the off state.
- the system control circuit 24 can store the electric charge generated by photoelectric conversion of the light incident on the photodiode PD in the photodiode PD.
- the system control circuit 24 changes the internal gate PY and the transfer transistor TRG from the off state to the on state at the time T45 when the given exposure time has elapsed from the time T44.
- the potential of the second region PD2 and the potential barrier PB4 becomes deeper than the potential of the first region PD1. Therefore, the charge stored in the photodiode PD is transferred to the second region PD2 and the floating diffusion FD.
- the system control circuit 24 changes the internal gate PY from the on state to the off state at the time T46 when a given time has elapsed from the time T45.
- the transfer transistor TRG is maintained in the ON state.
- the potential of the second region PD2 becomes shallower than the potential of the potential barrier PB4, so that the charge accumulated in the second region PD2 is transferred to the potential barrier PB4 and the floating diffusion FD. It is.
- the system control circuit 24 changes the transfer transistor TRG from the on state to the off state at the time T47 when a given time has elapsed from the time T46.
- the internal gate PY is maintained in the off state.
- the potential of the potential barrier PB4 becomes shallower than the potential of the floating diffusion FD, so that the electric charge accumulated in the potential barrier PB4 is transferred to the floating diffusion FD.
- the system control circuit 24 changes the selection transistor SEL (see FIG. 2) to the ON state.
- a pixel signal with a signal level corresponding to the potential of the floating diffusion FD is generated by the amplification transistor AMP (see FIG. 2), and the generated pixel signal is passed through the selection transistor SEL to the vertical signal line VSL (see FIG. 2). Is output to.
- an internal gate PY that deepens the potential of the second region PD2 on the downstream side in the photodiode PD is provided as in the first embodiment described above.
- the potential of the first region PD1 of the photodiode PD can be deeply designed. Therefore, according to the second embodiment, the saturated charge amount of the photodiode PD can be improved.
- the internal gate PY is arranged at a position adjacent to the transfer transistor TRG in a plan view.
- the system control circuit 24 smoothly transfers the electric charge stored in the photodiode PD to the floating diffusion FD via the second region PD2 and the potential barrier PB4. Can be done.
- the internal gate PY is arranged at a position adjacent to the discharge transistor OFG in a plan view.
- the system control circuit 24 can smoothly discharge the electric charge remaining in the photodiode PD from the discharge floating diffusion OFD as in the first embodiment.
- FIGS. 23A to 23D are views showing an example of a manufacturing process of the light receiving pixel 11 according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the p-well layer 32 is formed on the surface of the N-type semiconductor substrate 30.
- the p-well layer 32 can be formed, for example, by ion-implanting a p-type impurity (acceptor).
- the n-type semiconductor regions 33 and 35 and the p-type semiconductor regions 34 and 36 are formed in the p-well layer 32.
- the n-type semiconductor regions 33 and 35 can be formed, for example, by ion-implanting an n-type impurity (donor).
- the p-type semiconductor regions 34 and 36 can be formed, for example, by ion-implanting a p-type impurity (acceptor).
- gate electrodes 41, 43, 45, 47, 49 and gate insulating films 42, 44, 46, 48, 50 are formed on the surface of the semiconductor substrate 30.
- the gate electrodes 41, 43, 45, 47, 49 and the gate insulating films 42, 44, 46, 48, 50 can be formed, for example, by forming a silicon oxide film and a polysilicon film and then performing an etching treatment.
- n-type semiconductor regions 37 and 38 are formed on the surface of the semiconductor substrate 30.
- the n-type semiconductor regions 37 and 38 can be formed, for example, by ion-implanting an n-type impurity (donor).
- a wiring layer is formed on the front surface of the semiconductor substrate 30, the wiring boards are joined, and the back surface of the semiconductor substrate 30 is ground to a given thickness. Then, a light-shielding wall, a negative fixed charge film, a flat film, and the like are formed from the back surface side of the semiconductor substrate 30, and an OCL (on-chip lens) is formed for each pixel, thereby according to the first embodiment.
- the light receiving pixel 11 is completed.
- FIG. 24 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of the pixel drive processing according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.
- the system control circuit 24 performs a PD reset process for resetting the photodiode PD (step S101).
- the system control circuit 24 performs a charge storage process for accumulating the electric charge generated by photoelectric conversion of the incident light in the reset photodiode PD (step S102).
- the internal gate PY is controlled to the ON state in the step S102. Thereby, the saturated charge amount of the photodiode PD can be further improved.
- the system control circuit 24 carries out a charge transfer process of transferring the charge stored in the photodiode PD to the charge holding unit MEM (step S103).
- the internal gate PY is controlled to the ON state in the step S103.
- the saturated charge amount of the photodiode PD can be improved.
- the system control circuit 24 performs an FD reset process for resetting the floating diffusion FD (step S104). Then, the system control circuit 24 carries out an FD charge transfer process of transferring the charge accumulated in the charge holding unit MEM to the floating diffusion FD (step S105). A series of pixel drive processing is completed.
- the solid-state image sensor 1 includes a photoelectric conversion unit (photodiode PD), a transfer transistor TY (TRG), and an internal gate PY (PY1, PY2).
- the photoelectric conversion unit (photodiode PD) photoelectrically converts the incident light.
- the transfer transistor TY (TRG) transfers the electric charge generated by the photoelectric conversion unit (photodiode PD).
- the internal gates PY (PY1, PY2) are arranged inside the photoelectric conversion unit (photodiode PD) adjacent to the transfer transistor TY (TRG), and have potential in at least a part of the photoelectric conversion unit (photodiode PD). To deepen.
- the solid-state image sensor 1 further includes a charge holding unit MEM and a floating diffusion FD.
- the charge holding unit MEM holds the charge transferred from the photoelectric conversion unit (photodiode PD).
- the floating diffusion FD holds the charge transferred from the charge holding unit MEM.
- the transfer transistor TY transfers the charge generated by the photoelectric conversion unit (photodiode PD) to the charge holding unit MEM.
- the solid-state image sensor 1 further includes another internal gate (internal gate TX).
- Another internal gate is placed adjacent to the transfer transistor TY inside the charge holding MEM to deepen the potential of at least a portion of the charge holding MEM.
- the charge accumulated in the charge holding unit MEM can be smoothly transferred to the floating diffusion FD via the second region M2 and the potential barrier PB2.
- the solid-state image sensor 1 further includes an emission transistor OFG that discharges the charge remaining in the photoelectric conversion unit (photodiode PD). Further, the internal gate PY (PY2) is arranged adjacent to the emission transistor OFG.
- the electric charge remaining in the photodiode PD can be smoothly discharged from the discharge floating diffusion OFD via the second region PD2 and the potential barrier PB3.
- a plurality of internal gates are provided (internal gates PY1 and PY2). Further, the plurality of internal gates PY1 and PY2 each deepen the potential of the region adjacent to each other in the photoelectric conversion unit (photodiode PD).
- the internal gate PYs deepen the potential of at least a part of the region in the photoelectric conversion unit (photodiode PD) during the charge transfer period.
- the charge accumulated in the photodiode PD can be smoothly transferred to the charge holding unit MEM or the floating diffusion FD.
- the internal gates PY deepen the potential of at least a part of the region in the photoelectric conversion unit (photodiode PD) during the charge storage period and the charge transfer period. do.
- control method of the solid-state image sensor 1 includes a charge storage step (step S102) and a charge transfer step (step S103).
- the charge storage step (step S102) the charge generated by the photoelectric conversion unit (photodiode PD) due to the incident light is stored in the photoelectric conversion unit (photodiode PD).
- the charge transfer step (step S103) the charge stored in the photoelectric conversion unit (photodiode PD) is transferred by operating the transfer transistor TY (TRG).
- the charge transfer step (step S103) includes a step of deepening the potential of the region adjacent to the transfer transistor TY (TRG) in the photoelectric conversion unit (photodiode PD).
- the charge storage step (step S102) is a step of deepening the potential of the region adjacent to the transfer transistor TY (TRG) in the photoelectric conversion unit (photodiode PD). including.
- the present disclosure is not limited to application to a solid-state image sensor. That is, the present disclosure relates to all electronic devices having a solid-state image sensor, such as a camera module, an image pickup device, a portable terminal device having an image pickup function, or a copier using a solid-state image sensor for an image reading unit, in addition to the solid-state image sensor. Is applicable.
- Examples of such an image pickup device include a digital still camera and a video camera. Further, examples of the mobile terminal device having such an image pickup function include smartphones and tablet terminals.
- FIG. 25 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of an image pickup device as an electronic device 1000 to which the technique according to the present disclosure is applied.
- the electronic device 1000 of FIG. 25 is, for example, an electronic device such as an image pickup device such as a digital still camera or a video camera, or a mobile terminal device such as a smartphone or a tablet terminal.
- the electronic device 1000 includes a lens group 1001, a solid-state image sensor 1002, a DSP circuit 1003, a frame memory 1004, a display unit 1005, a recording unit 1006, an operation unit 1007, and a power supply unit 1008. It is composed.
- the DSP circuit 1003, the frame memory 1004, the display unit 1005, the recording unit 1006, the operation unit 1007, and the power supply unit 1008 are connected to each other via the bus line 1009.
- the lens group 1001 captures incident light (image light) from the subject and forms an image on the image pickup surface of the solid-state image pickup device 1002.
- the solid-state image sensor 1002 corresponds to the solid-state image sensor 1 according to each of the above-described embodiments, and converts the amount of incident light imaged on the image pickup surface by the lens group 1001 into an electric signal in pixel units to obtain a pixel signal. Output.
- the DSP circuit 1003 is a camera signal processing circuit that processes a signal supplied from the solid-state image sensor 1002.
- the frame memory 1004 temporarily holds the image data processed by the DSP circuit 1003 in frame units.
- the display unit 1005 comprises a panel-type display device such as a liquid crystal panel or an organic EL (Electro Luminescence) panel, and displays a moving image or a still image captured by the solid-state image sensor 1002.
- the recording unit 1006 records image data of a moving image or a still image captured by the solid-state image sensor 1002 on a recording medium such as a semiconductor memory or a hard disk.
- the operation unit 1007 issues operation commands for various functions of the electronic device 1000 according to the operation by the user.
- the power supply unit 1008 appropriately supplies various power sources that serve as operating power sources for the DSP circuit 1003, the frame memory 1004, the display unit 1005, the recording unit 1006, and the operation unit 1007.
- the saturated charge amount of the photodiode PD can be improved by applying the solid-state image sensor 1 of each of the above-described embodiments as the solid-state image sensor 1002.
- each transistor or each internal gate is controlled between two levels of an on state and an off state, but each transistor or each internal gate has three or more levels. It may be controlled between.
- the present technology can also have the following configurations.
- a photoelectric conversion unit that photoelectrically converts incident light A transfer transistor that transfers the electric charge generated by the photoelectric conversion unit, and An internal gate arranged inside the photoelectric conversion unit adjacent to the transfer transistor and deepening the potential of at least a part of the region in the photoelectric conversion unit.
- a solid-state image sensor A charge holding unit that holds the charge transferred from the photoelectric conversion unit, and a charge holding unit. Floating diffusion that holds the charge transferred from the charge holding unit, and Further prepare The solid-state image pickup device according to (1), wherein the transfer transistor transfers the charge generated by the photoelectric conversion unit to the charge holding unit.
- the solid-state imaging device further comprising another internal gate that is arranged adjacent to the transfer transistor inside the charge holding portion and further includes another internal gate that deepens the potential of at least a part of the region of the charge holding portion.
- a discharge transistor for discharging the charge remaining in the photoelectric conversion unit is further provided.
- the solid-state image pickup device according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the internal gate is arranged adjacent to the emission transistor.
- a plurality of the internal gates are provided.
- the solid-state image pickup device according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the plurality of internal gates deepen the potential of regions adjacent to each other in the photoelectric conversion unit.
- the solid-state image sensor is A photoelectric conversion unit that photoelectrically converts incident light, A transfer transistor that transfers the electric charge generated by the photoelectric conversion unit, and An electronic device having an internal gate arranged inside the photoelectric conversion unit adjacent to the transfer transistor and deepening the potential of at least a part of the region in the photoelectric conversion unit.
- the solid-state image sensor is A charge holding unit that holds the charge transferred from the photoelectric conversion unit, and a charge holding unit. Floating diffusion that holds the charge transferred from the charge holding unit, and Have more The electronic device according to (8), wherein the transfer transistor transfers the charge generated by the photoelectric conversion unit to the charge holding unit.
- the solid-state image sensor is arranged inside the charge holding portion adjacent to the transfer transistor and further has another internal gate that deepens the potential of at least a part of the region in the charge holding portion.
- the listed electronic device (11)
- the solid-state image sensor further includes an discharge transistor that discharges the charge remaining in the photoelectric conversion unit.
- a plurality of the internal gates are provided.
- the electronic device according to any one of (8) to (11), wherein the plurality of internal gates deepen the potential of regions adjacent to each other in the photoelectric conversion unit.
- the charge transfer step is a control method for a solid-state image pickup device, which comprises a step of deepening the potential of a region adjacent to the transfer transistor in the photoelectric conversion unit.
- Solid-state image sensor 10 Pixel array unit 11 Light receiving pixel FD Floating diffusion MEM Charge holding unit M1 First region M2 Second region OFG Ejection transistor OFD Emission floating diffusion PB1 to PB3 Potential barrier PD photodiode (example of photoelectric conversion unit) PD1 1st area PD2 2nd area PY, PY1, PY2 Internal gate TX Internal gate (an example of another internal gate) TY, TRG transfer transistor
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Abstract
Description
最初に、各実施形態に係る固体撮像素子1の構成について、図1を参照しながら説明する。図1は、本開示の各実施形態に係る固体撮像素子1の概略構成例を示すシステム構成図である。
つづいて、第1実施形態に係る受光画素11および読み出し回路12の回路構成について、図2を参照しながら説明する。図2は、本開示の第1実施形態に係る受光画素11および読み出し回路12の回路構成の一例を示す図である。なお、図2の例では、1つの読み出し回路12に1つの受光画素11が割り当てられる場合が示されている。
つづいて、第1実施形態に係る受光画素11の平面構成および断面構成について、図3~図5を参照しながら説明する。図3は、本開示の第1実施形態に係る受光画素11の平面構成の一例を示す図であり、図4は、図3に示すA-A線の矢視断面図であり、図5は、図3に示すB-B線の矢視断面図である。なお、図3~図5は模式図であり、必ずしも厳密に図示されたものではない。
つづいて、第1実施形態に係る画素駆動処理の詳細について、図6~図7Nを参照しながら説明する。図6は、本開示の第1実施形態に係る画素駆動処理における各部の動作を示すタイミングチャートであり、図7A~図7Nは、本開示の第1実施形態に係る受光画素11内のポテンシャルダイアグラムの推移を示す図である。
<変形例1>
つづいて、第1実施形態の各種変形例について、図8~図16を参照しながら説明する。図8は、本開示の第1実施形態の変形例1に係る画素駆動処理における各部の動作を示すタイミングチャートであり、図9Aおよび図9Bは、本開示の第1実施形態の変形例1に係る受光画素11内のポテンシャルダイアグラムの推移を示す図である。
つづいて、第1実施形態の変形例2に係る受光画素11の回路構成について、図10を参照しながら説明する。図10は、本開示の第1実施形態の変形例2に係る受光画素11および読み出し回路12の回路構成の一例を示す図である。なお、図10の例では、1つの読み出し回路12に1つの受光画素11が割り当てられる場合が示されている。
つづいて、第2実施形態に係る受光画素11の回路構成について、図17を参照しながら説明する。図17は、本開示の第2実施形態に係る受光画素11および読み出し回路12の回路構成の一例を示す図である。なお、図17の例では、1つの読み出し回路12に1つの受光画素11が割り当てられる場合が示されている。
つづいて、第1実施形態に係る受光画素11の製造工程について、図23A~図23Dを参照しながら説明する。図23A~図23Dは、本開示の第1実施形態における受光画素11の製造工程の一例を示す図である。
つづいて、図24を参照しながら、実施形態に係る固体撮像素子1が実行する画素駆動処理の詳細について説明する。図24は、本開示の第1実施形態に係る画素駆動処理の処理手順を示すフローチャートである。
各実施形態に係る固体撮像素子1は、光電変換部(フォトダイオードPD)と、転送トランジスタTY(TRG)と、内部ゲートPY(PY1、PY2)とを備える。光電変換部(フォトダイオードPD)は、入射光を光電変換する。転送トランジスタTY(TRG)は、光電変換部(フォトダイオードPD)で生成された電荷を転送する。内部ゲートPY(PY1、PY2)は、光電変換部(フォトダイオードPD)の内側で転送トランジスタTY(TRG)に隣接して配置され、光電変換部(フォトダイオードPD)における少なくとも一部の領域のポテンシャルを深くする。
なお、本開示は、固体撮像素子への適用に限られるものではない。すなわち、本開示は、固体撮像素子のほかにカメラモジュールや撮像装置、撮像機能を有する携帯端末装置、または画像読取部に固体撮像素子を用いる複写機など、固体撮像素子を有する電子機器全般に対して適用可能である。
(1)
入射光を光電変換する光電変換部と、
前記光電変換部で生成された電荷を転送する転送トランジスタと、
前記光電変換部の内側で前記転送トランジスタに隣接して配置され、前記光電変換部における少なくとも一部の領域のポテンシャルを深くする内部ゲートと、
を備える固体撮像素子。
(2)
前記光電変換部から転送された電荷を保持する電荷保持部と、
前記電荷保持部から転送された電荷を保持するフローティングディフュージョンと、
をさらに備え、
前記転送トランジスタは、前記光電変換部で生成された電荷を前記電荷保持部に転送する
前記(1)に記載の固体撮像素子。
(3)
前記電荷保持部の内側で前記転送トランジスタに隣接して配置され、前記電荷保持部における少なくとも一部の領域のポテンシャルを深くする別の内部ゲートをさらに備える
前記(2)に記載の固体撮像素子。
(4)
前記光電変換部に残った電荷を排出する排出トランジスタをさらに備え、
前記内部ゲートは、前記排出トランジスタに隣接して配置される
前記(1)~(3)のいずれか一つに記載の固体撮像素子。
(5)
前記内部ゲートは、複数設けられ、
複数の前記内部ゲートは、前記光電変換部において互いに隣接する領域のポテンシャルをそれぞれ深くする
前記(1)~(4)のいずれか一つに記載の固体撮像素子。
(6)
前記内部ゲートは、電荷転送期間において、前記光電変換部における少なくとも一部の領域のポテンシャルを深くする
前記(1)~(5)のいずれか一つに記載の固体撮像素子。
(7)
前記内部ゲートは、電荷蓄積期間および電荷転送期間において、前記光電変換部における少なくとも一部の領域のポテンシャルを深くする
前記(1)~(5)のいずれか一つに記載の固体撮像素子。
(8)
固体撮像素子と、
被写体からの入射光を取り込んで前記固体撮像素子の撮像面上に結像させる光学系と、
前記固体撮像素子からの出力信号に対して処理を行う信号処理回路と、を備え、
前記固体撮像素子は、
入射光を光電変換する光電変換部と、
前記光電変換部で生成された電荷を転送する転送トランジスタと、
前記光電変換部の内側で前記転送トランジスタに隣接して配置され、前記光電変換部における少なくとも一部の領域のポテンシャルを深くする内部ゲートと、を有する
電子機器。
(9)
前記固体撮像素子は、
前記光電変換部から転送された電荷を保持する電荷保持部と、
前記電荷保持部から転送された電荷を保持するフローティングディフュージョンと、
をさらに有し、
前記転送トランジスタは、前記光電変換部で生成された電荷を前記電荷保持部に転送する
前記(8)に記載の電子機器。
(10)
前記固体撮像素子は、前記電荷保持部の内側で前記転送トランジスタに隣接して配置され、前記電荷保持部における少なくとも一部の領域のポテンシャルを深くする別の内部ゲートをさらに有する
前記(9)に記載の電子機器。
(11)
前記固体撮像素子は、前記光電変換部に残った電荷を排出する排出トランジスタをさらに有し、
前記内部ゲートは、前記排出トランジスタに隣接して配置される
前記(8)~(10)のいずれか一つに記載の電子機器。
(12)
前記内部ゲートは、複数設けられ、
複数の前記内部ゲートは、前記光電変換部において互いに隣接する領域のポテンシャルをそれぞれ深くする
前記(8)~(11)のいずれか一つに記載の電子機器。
(13)
前記内部ゲートは、電荷転送期間において、前記光電変換部における少なくとも一部の領域のポテンシャルを深くする
前記(8)~(12)のいずれか一つに記載の電子機器。
(14)
前記内部ゲートは、電荷蓄積期間および電荷転送期間において、前記光電変換部における少なくとも一部の領域のポテンシャルを深くする
前記(8)~(12)のいずれか一つに記載の電子機器。
(15)
入射光によって光電変換部で生成された電荷を前記光電変換部に蓄積させる電荷蓄積工程と、
前記光電変換部に蓄積された電荷を転送トランジスタを動作させて転送する電荷転送工程と、
を含み、
前記電荷転送工程は、前記光電変換部において前記転送トランジスタに隣接する領域のポテンシャルを深くする工程を含む
固体撮像素子の制御方法。
(16)
前記電荷蓄積工程は、前記光電変換部において前記転送トランジスタに隣接する領域のポテンシャルを深くする工程を含む
前記(15)に記載の固体撮像素子の制御方法。
10 画素アレイ部
11 受光画素
FD フローティングディフュージョン
MEM 電荷保持部
M1 第1領域
M2 第2領域
OFG 排出トランジスタ
OFD 排出フローティングディフュージョン
PB1~PB3 ポテンシャル障壁
PD フォトダイオード(光電変換部の一例)
PD1 第1領域
PD2 第2領域
PY、PY1、PY2 内部ゲート
TX 内部ゲート(別の内部ゲートの一例)
TY、TRG 転送トランジスタ
Claims (10)
- 入射光を光電変換する光電変換部と、
前記光電変換部で生成された電荷を転送する転送トランジスタと、
前記光電変換部の内側で前記転送トランジスタに隣接して配置され、前記光電変換部における少なくとも一部の領域のポテンシャルを深くする内部ゲートと、
を備える固体撮像素子。 - 前記光電変換部から転送された電荷を保持する電荷保持部と、
前記電荷保持部から転送された電荷を保持するフローティングディフュージョンと、
をさらに備え、
前記転送トランジスタは、前記光電変換部で生成された電荷を前記電荷保持部に転送する
請求項1に記載の固体撮像素子。 - 前記電荷保持部の内側で前記転送トランジスタに隣接して配置され、前記電荷保持部における少なくとも一部の領域のポテンシャルを深くする別の内部ゲートをさらに備える
請求項2に記載の固体撮像素子。 - 前記光電変換部に残った電荷を排出する排出トランジスタをさらに備え、
前記内部ゲートは、前記排出トランジスタに隣接して配置される
請求項1に記載の固体撮像素子。 - 前記内部ゲートは、複数設けられ、
複数の前記内部ゲートは、前記光電変換部において互いに隣接する領域のポテンシャルをそれぞれ深くする
請求項1に記載の固体撮像素子。 - 前記内部ゲートは、電荷転送期間において、前記光電変換部における少なくとも一部の領域のポテンシャルを深くする
請求項1に記載の固体撮像素子。 - 前記内部ゲートは、電荷蓄積期間および電荷転送期間において、前記光電変換部における少なくとも一部の領域のポテンシャルを深くする
請求項1に記載の固体撮像素子。 - 固体撮像素子と、
被写体からの入射光を取り込んで前記固体撮像素子の撮像面上に結像させる光学系と、
前記固体撮像素子からの出力信号に対して処理を行う信号処理回路と、を備え、
前記固体撮像素子は、
入射光を光電変換する光電変換部と、
前記光電変換部で生成された電荷を転送する転送トランジスタと、
前記光電変換部の内側で前記転送トランジスタに隣接して配置され、前記光電変換部における少なくとも一部の領域のポテンシャルを深くする内部ゲートと、を有する
電子機器。 - 入射光によって光電変換部で生成された電荷を前記光電変換部に蓄積させる電荷蓄積工程と、
前記光電変換部に蓄積された電荷を転送トランジスタを動作させて転送する電荷転送工程と、
を含み、
前記電荷転送工程は、前記光電変換部において前記転送トランジスタに隣接する領域のポテンシャルを深くする工程を含む
固体撮像素子の制御方法。 - 前記電荷蓄積工程は、前記光電変換部において前記転送トランジスタに隣接する領域のポテンシャルを深くする工程を含む
請求項9に記載の固体撮像素子の制御方法。
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| JP2016201449A (ja) * | 2015-04-09 | 2016-12-01 | 株式会社東芝 | 固体撮像装置および固体撮像装置の製造方法 |
| JP2017076899A (ja) * | 2015-10-15 | 2017-04-20 | ソニー株式会社 | 固体撮像素子、および電子装置 |
| JP2020021987A (ja) * | 2018-07-24 | 2020-02-06 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 撮像装置、電子機器 |
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| US10356348B2 (en) * | 2015-04-03 | 2019-07-16 | Sony Corporation | Solid-state image capture element, driving method, and electronic device |
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| JP2017076899A (ja) * | 2015-10-15 | 2017-04-20 | ソニー株式会社 | 固体撮像素子、および電子装置 |
| JP2020021987A (ja) * | 2018-07-24 | 2020-02-06 | ソニーセミコンダクタソリューションズ株式会社 | 撮像装置、電子機器 |
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