WO2022099980A1 - 一种拒水聚酯纤维的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种拒水聚酯纤维的制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2022099980A1
WO2022099980A1 PCT/CN2021/084436 CN2021084436W WO2022099980A1 WO 2022099980 A1 WO2022099980 A1 WO 2022099980A1 CN 2021084436 W CN2021084436 W CN 2021084436W WO 2022099980 A1 WO2022099980 A1 WO 2022099980A1
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water
repellent
temperature
repellent polyester
catalyst
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PCT/CN2021/084436
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English (en)
French (fr)
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沈顺华
张井东
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浙江汇隆新材料股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2022099980A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022099980A1/zh

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/78—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolycondensation products
    • D01F6/84—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolycondensation products from copolyesters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
    • C08G63/12—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
    • C08G63/123—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds the acids or hydroxy compounds containing carbocyclic rings
    • C08G63/127—Acids containing aromatic rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G63/78—Preparation processes
    • C08G63/82—Preparation processes characterised by the catalyst used
    • C08G63/84—Boron, aluminium, gallium, indium, thallium, rare-earth metals, or compounds thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G63/78—Preparation processes
    • C08G63/82—Preparation processes characterised by the catalyst used
    • C08G63/85—Germanium, tin, lead, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, or compounds thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G63/78—Preparation processes
    • C08G63/82—Preparation processes characterised by the catalyst used
    • C08G63/85—Germanium, tin, lead, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, or compounds thereof
    • C08G63/86—Germanium, antimony, or compounds thereof
    • C08G63/866—Antimony or compounds thereof

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of polyester fibers, and in particular relates to a preparation method of water-repellent polyester fibers.
  • Polyester fiber Since its inception, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber has developed rapidly because of its excellent properties, and its output has become the world's largest synthetic fiber. Polyester fiber has a series of excellent properties such as high breaking strength and elastic modulus, moderate resilience, excellent heat setting, good heat and light resistance, acid and alkali resistance and corrosion resistance, and the fabric has the advantages of wrinkle resistance and good stiffness, so , Polyester fiber is widely used in clothing, industrial yarn and other fields.
  • the water- and oil-repellent treatment of textiles is generally carried out by using organic fluorine water- and oil-repellent finishing agents, and the fabrics are post-finished by means of pad baking.
  • the decomposition of fluorine water repellent may produce perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA).
  • PFOS perfluorooctane sulfonic acid
  • PFOA perfluorooctanoic acid
  • the present invention provides a preparation method of water-repellent polyester fiber, which solves the blank in the non-halogen flame retardant jurisdiction.
  • the exchange reaction produces a water-repellent polyester polymer, which has the characteristics of good reaction stability and good water repellency.
  • the technical scheme of the present invention is:
  • a preparation method of water-repellent polyester fiber comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 hydrolyzing ethylene glycol and pentaerythritol ester to obtain water-repellent dibasic acid ester;
  • Step 2 the water-repellent dibasic ester compound and the prepolymer ester compound are subjected to a transesterification reaction to obtain a water-repellent polyester polymer;
  • Step 3 melt spinning the water-repellent polyester polymer to obtain the water-repellent polyester fiber.
  • the molar ratio of ethylene glycol and pentaerythritol in the step 1 is 1:1.1-1.4.
  • the pentaerythritol ester in the step 1 adopts one of pentaerythritol oleate, pentaerythritol phosphate, and pentaerythritol bisdimethylsilicate.
  • the temperature of the hydrolysis reaction in the step 1 is 250-280° C., and the pressure is 0.2-0.3 MPa.
  • the prepolymer ester in the step 2 is prepared by esterification of bishydroxyethyl terephthalate and glycerol.
  • the bishydroxyethyl terephthalate and glycerol use antimony trioxide as a catalyst under the conditions of a temperature of 220-250 ° C and a pressure of 0.3-0.4 MPa to prepare a prepolymer esterified product, so
  • the usage amount of the antimony trioxide catalyst is 1-3% of the mass of glycerol.
  • the antimony trioxide uses activated alumina-based antimony trioxide
  • the preparation method includes the following steps: step i, adding antimony trichloride and aluminum trichloride into absolute ethanol and stirring evenly, until Completely dissolving to obtain a dissolving alcohol solution, wherein the mass ratio of antimony trichloride and aluminum trichloride is 3-5:2, and the concentration of the antimony trichloride in absolute ethanol is 100-150g/L, stirring The speed is 1000-2000r/min; in step ii, saturated ammonia water is passed into the dissolved alcohol solution until it is completely dissolved again after precipitation, and then the precipitate is obtained by distillation under reduced pressure, and the activated alumina composite antimony trioxide is obtained by drying at a constant temperature, wherein , the feeding amount of saturated ammonia water is 5-10mL/min, the pressure of the vacuum distillation is 80-90% of atmospheric pressure, the temperature is 100-120 °C, and the temperature of the constant temperature
  • the titanium-antimony composite catalyst is used as the transesterification catalyst, and anhydrous sodium acetate is used as the anti-ether agent.
  • the reaction temperature is 220-250° C. and the pressure is 0.3-0.4 MPa.
  • the usage amount is 0.01-0.04% of the mass of the prepolymer ester, and the usage amount of the transesterification catalyst is 0.05-0.15% of the mass of the prepolymer ester.
  • the transesterification catalyst is a porous titanium-antimony composite catalyst.
  • the porous titanium-antimony composite catalyst uses activated alumina as a carrier and a titanium-antimony composite film as a surface catalyst, and the preparation method includes the following steps: step a, adding titanium chloride and antimony trichloride into anhydrous ethanol for low-temperature ultrasonic waves Disperse to form a composite alcohol solution, the concentration of the titanium chloride in absolute ethanol is 50-100g/L, the amount of antimony trichloride added is that the molar weight of titanium chloride is 200-300%, the low-temperature ultrasonic The temperature is 2-8° C., and the ultrasonic frequency is 50-80 kHz; in step b, the porous activated alumina is added to anhydrous ethanol for 30-50 minutes, and then dried at a constant temperature to obtain clean porous activated alumina.
  • the activated alumina is immersed in the composite alcohol solution for microwave reaction for 10-20 minutes, and the vacuum distillation reaction is performed for 20-30 minutes, and then it is taken out and quickly dried to obtain a wet film catalyst;
  • the porous activated alumina adopts alumina powder with micron-scale pores,
  • the microwave power of the microwave ultrasonic is 300-500W, the temperature is 20-40°C, the microwave power of the microwave reaction is 500-800W, the temperature is 10-20°C, and the pressure of the vacuum distillation is 80-90% of the atmospheric pressure , the temperature is 80-90 °C, and the temperature of rapid drying is 120-130 °C; step c, the wet film catalyst is placed in the reactor for constant temperature reaction for 20-30min, and the porous titanium-antimony composite catalyst is obtained after nitrogen sweeping.
  • the reaction kettle is filled with a mixture of nitrogen and water vapor, and the volume ratio of nitrogen and water vapor is 15-18:1, the temperature of the constant temperature reaction is 150-200 ° C, and the gas flow rate of the nitrogen sweeping tail is 3-7mL/min .
  • the temperature of melt spinning in the step 3 is 250-280°C, the spinning speed is 4000-5000m/min, the cooling air speed is 10-20°C, and the temperature of the cooling air is 5-10°C.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the present invention solves the blank of non-halogen flame retardant, and utilizes water-repellent dibasic ester compound and prepolymer ester compound to generate water-repellent polyester polymer through transesterification reaction, which has good reaction stability and product rejection. Good water features.
  • the present invention further improves the connection between functional groups by means of transesterification, and solves the problem that the water-repellent performance decreases due to the shedding of the water-repellent ester compound.
  • the present invention utilizes the activity of antimony trioxide combined with alumina, which effectively improves the surface activity of antimony trioxide and achieves the effect of promoting the esterification reaction.
  • the catalyst can improve the catalytic efficiency by 4-6% .
  • titanium dioxide is used as a photoelectric response agent and an electron hole generator to improve the surface activity of antimony trioxide, and at the same time, the composite system of the film structure can cover the surface catalytic performance of antimony trioxide to the surface, thereby realizing the promotion of titanium dioxide.
  • the reaction efficiency of antimony trioxide, combined with the active oxidation of the carrier, can utilize the characteristics of surface groups to achieve the effect of stably connecting titanium dioxide and antimony trioxide, and the catalyst can improve the transesterification effect by 5-9%.
  • a preparation method of water-repellent polyester fiber comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 hydrolyzing ethylene glycol and pentaerythritol ester to obtain a water-repellent dibasic acid ester; the molar ratio of ethylene glycol and pentaerythritol ester in the step is 1:1.1-1.4; base silicate; the temperature of the hydrolysis reaction is 250-280°C, and the pressure is 0.2-0.3MPa;
  • step 2 the water-repellent dibasic ester compound and the prepolymer ester compound are subjected to transesterification to obtain a water-repellent polyester polymer; the prepolymer ester compound adopts bishydroxyethyl terephthalate and propylene
  • the triol esterification reaction is obtained; the bishydroxyethyl terephthalate and glycerol are prepared by using antimony trioxide as a catalyst under the conditions of a temperature of 220-250 ° C and a pressure of 0.3-0.4 MPa.
  • the use amount of the antimony trioxide catalyst is 1-3% of the mass of glycerol; in the transesterification reaction, the titanium-antimony composite catalyst is used as the transesterification catalyst, and anhydrous sodium acetate is used as the anti-ether agent.
  • the temperature is 220-250°C
  • the pressure is 0.3-0.4MPa
  • the amount of the anti-ether agent is 0.01-0.04% of the mass of the prepolymer ester
  • the amount of the transesterification catalyst is the mass of the prepolymer ester. 0.05-0.15% of ;
  • Step 3 melt spinning the water-repellent polyester polymer to obtain a water-repellent polyester fiber; the temperature of the melt spinning is 250-280° C., the spinning speed is 4000-5000 m/min, and the cooling wind speed is 10-20° C. °C, the temperature of the cooling air is 5-10°C.
  • the obtained water-repellent polyester fiber has a monofilament fineness of 0.9 dtex, a breaking strength of 2.5 cN/dtex, a contact angle of 135°, and the droplets stay on the fabric surface of the fiber for a long time, showing good water repellency.
  • a preparation method of water-repellent polyester fiber comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 hydrolyzing ethylene glycol and pentaerythritol ester to obtain a water-repellent dibasic acid ester; the molar ratio of ethylene glycol and pentaerythritol ester in the step is 1:1.1; pentaerythritol oleate is used for pentaerythritol ester; hydrolysis The temperature of the reaction is 250°C, and the pressure is 0.2MPa;
  • step 2 the water-repellent dibasic ester compound and the prepolymer ester compound are subjected to transesterification to obtain a water-repellent polyester polymer; the prepolymer ester compound adopts bishydroxyethyl terephthalate and propylene
  • the triol esterification reaction is obtained; the bishydroxyethyl terephthalate and glycerol are prepared by using antimony trioxide as a catalyst under the conditions of a temperature of 250 ° C and a pressure of 0.4 MPa to prepare a prepolymer ester,
  • the usage amount of the antimony trioxide catalyst is 3% of the mass of glycerol; the titanium-antimony composite catalyst is used as the transesterification catalyst in the transesterification reaction, and anhydrous sodium acetate is used as the anti-ether agent, and the reaction temperature is 250° C., and the pressure is is 0.4MPa, the usage amount of the anti-ether agent is 0.04% of the mass of the prepolymer
  • Step 3 melt spinning the water-repellent polyester polymer to obtain a water-repellent polyester fiber; the temperature of the melt spinning is 280° C., the spinning speed is 5000 m/min, the cooling air speed is 20° C., and the temperature of the cooling air is 20° C. is 10°C.
  • the obtained water-repellent polyester fiber has a monofilament fineness of 1.9 dtex, a breaking strength of 4.5 cN/dtex, a contact angle of 143°, and the droplets stay on the fabric surface of the fiber for a long time, showing good water repellency.
  • a preparation method of water-repellent polyester fiber comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 hydrolyzing ethylene glycol and pentaerythritol ester to obtain water-repellent dibasic acid ester; the molar ratio of ethylene glycol and pentaerythritol ester in the step is 1:1.3; pentaerythritol phosphate is used for pentaerythritol ester; hydrolysis reaction The temperature is 270°C and the pressure is 0.3MPa;
  • step 2 the water-repellent dibasic ester compound and the prepolymer ester compound are subjected to transesterification to obtain a water-repellent polyester polymer; the prepolymer ester compound adopts bishydroxyethyl terephthalate and propylene
  • the triol esterification reaction is obtained; the bishydroxyethyl terephthalate and glycerol are prepared by using antimony trioxide as a catalyst under the conditions of a temperature of 240 ° C and a pressure of 0.4 MPa to prepare a prepolymer ester,
  • the usage amount of the antimony trioxide catalyst is 2% of the mass of glycerol; in the transesterification reaction, the titanium-antimony composite catalyst is used as the transesterification catalyst, and anhydrous sodium acetate is used as the anti-ether agent, and the reaction temperature is 230° C., and the pressure is is 0.4MPa, the usage amount of the anti-ether agent is 0.03% of the mass of the prep
  • Step 3 melt spinning the water-repellent polyester polymer to obtain a water-repellent polyester fiber; the temperature of the melt spinning is 270° C., the spinning speed is 4500 m/min, the cooling air speed is 15° C., and the temperature of the cooling air is 270° C. is 8°C.
  • the obtained water-repellent polyester fiber has a monofilament fineness of 1.3 dtex, a breaking strength of 3.1 cN/dtex, a contact angle of 139°, and the droplets stay on the fabric surface of the fiber for a long time, showing good water repellency.
  • a preparation method of water-repellent polyester fiber comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 hydrolyzing ethylene glycol and pentaerythritol ester to obtain water-repellent dibasic acid ester;
  • Step 2 the water-repellent dibasic ester compound and the prepolymer ester compound are subjected to a transesterification reaction to obtain a water-repellent polyester polymer;
  • Step 3 melt spinning the water-repellent polyester polymer to obtain the water-repellent polyester fiber.
  • the molar ratio of ethylene glycol and pentaerythritol in the step 1 is 1:1.1.
  • the pentaerythritol oleate in the step 1 is pentaerythritol oleate.
  • the temperature of the hydrolysis reaction in the step 1 is 250° C. and the pressure is 0.2 MPa.
  • the prepolymer ester in the step 2 is prepared by esterification of bishydroxyethyl terephthalate and glycerol.
  • the bishydroxyethyl terephthalate and glycerol use antimony trioxide as a catalyst under the conditions of a temperature of 220 ° C and a pressure of 0.3 MPa to prepare a prepolymer esterified product, the antimony trioxide
  • the amount of catalyst used is 1% of the mass of glycerol.
  • the antimony trioxide adopts activated alumina-based antimony trioxide
  • the preparation method includes the following steps: Step i, adding antimony trichloride and aluminum trichloride into 1 L of absolute ethanol and stirring uniformly, Until completely dissolved, a dissolved alcohol solution is obtained, wherein the mass ratio of antimony trichloride and aluminum trichloride is 3:2, and the concentration of the antimony trichloride in absolute ethanol is 100g/L, and the stirring speed is 1000r /min; step ii, the saturated ammonia water is passed into the dissolving alcohol solution until the precipitation is completely dissolved again, then the precipitate is obtained by distillation under reduced pressure, and the activated alumina composite antimony trioxide is obtained by drying at a constant temperature, wherein the saturated ammonia water is passed through The input amount is 5mL/min, the pressure of the vacuum distillation is 0-90% of the atmospheric pressure, the temperature is 100°C, and the temperature of the constant temperature drying
  • the titanium-antimony composite catalyst is used as the transesterification catalyst, and anhydrous sodium acetate is used as the anti-ether agent. 0.01% of the mass of the polymer esterified product, and the usage amount of the transesterification catalyst is 0.05% of the mass of the prepolymer esterified product.
  • the transesterification catalyst adopts a porous titanium-antimony composite catalyst
  • the porous titanium-antimony composite catalyst uses activated alumina as a carrier and a titanium-antimony composite film as a surface catalyst
  • the preparation method includes the following steps: step a, chlorine Titanium chloride and antimony trichloride are added to 1L of absolute ethanol for low-temperature ultrasonic dispersion to form a composite alcohol solution.
  • the molar amount of titanium is 200%, the temperature of the low-temperature ultrasonic is 2 °C, and the ultrasonic frequency is 50 kHz; in step b, the porous activated alumina is added to anhydrous ethanol for 30 min by microwave ultrasonic, and dried at a constant temperature to obtain clean porous activated alumina , and then soak the clean porous activated alumina in composite alcohol solution for 10min microwave reaction, vacuum distillation reaction for 20min, take out and quickly dry to obtain wet film catalyst; the porous activated alumina adopts alumina powder with micron-scale pores body, the microwave power of the microwave ultrasonic is 300W, the temperature is 20°C, the microwave power of the microwave reaction is 500W, the temperature is 10°C, the pressure of the vacuum distillation is 80% of the atmospheric pressure, the temperature is 80°C, and the fast drying The dry temperature is 120°C; in step c, the wet film catalyst is allowed to stand in a reaction kettle for constant temperature reaction for 20 minutes, and the
  • the temperature of melt spinning in the step 3 is 250°C
  • the spinning speed is 4000m/min
  • the cooling air speed is 10°C
  • the temperature of the cooling air is 5°C.
  • the obtained water-repellent polyester fiber has a monofilament fineness of 1.2 dtex, a breaking strength of 2.9 cN/dtex, a contact angle of 138°, and the droplets stay on the fabric surface of the fiber for a long time, showing good water repellency.
  • a preparation method of water-repellent polyester fiber comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 hydrolyzing ethylene glycol and pentaerythritol ester to obtain water-repellent dibasic acid ester;
  • Step 2 the water-repellent dibasic ester compound and the prepolymer ester compound are subjected to a transesterification reaction to obtain a water-repellent polyester polymer;
  • Step 3 melt spinning the water-repellent polyester polymer to obtain the water-repellent polyester fiber.
  • the molar ratio of ethylene glycol and pentaerythritol in the step 1 is 1:1.4.
  • the pentaerythritol phosphate in the step 1 is pentaerythritol phosphate.
  • the temperature of the hydrolysis reaction in the step 1 is 280° C. and the pressure is 0.3 MPa.
  • the prepolymer ester in the step 2 is prepared by esterification of bishydroxyethyl terephthalate and glycerol.
  • the bishydroxyethyl terephthalate and glycerol use antimony trioxide as a catalyst under the conditions of a temperature of 250 ° C and a pressure of 0.4 MPa to prepare a prepolymer ester compound, the antimony trioxide
  • the amount of catalyst used is 3% of the mass of glycerol.
  • the antimony trioxide adopts activated alumina-based antimony trioxide
  • the preparation method includes the following steps: Step i, adding antimony trichloride and aluminum trichloride into 1 L of absolute ethanol and stirring uniformly, Until completely dissolved, a dissolved alcohol solution is obtained, wherein the mass ratio of antimony trichloride and aluminum trichloride is 5:2, and the concentration of the antimony trichloride in absolute ethanol is 150g/L, and the stirring speed is 2000r /min; step ii, the saturated ammonia water is passed into the dissolving alcohol solution until the precipitation is completely dissolved again, then the precipitate is obtained by distillation under reduced pressure, and the activated alumina composite antimony trioxide is obtained by drying at a constant temperature, wherein the saturated ammonia water is passed through The input amount was 10 mL/min, the pressure of the vacuum distillation was 90% of the atmospheric pressure, the temperature was 120 °C, and the temperature of the constant temperature drying was
  • the titanium-antimony composite catalyst is used as the transesterification catalyst, and anhydrous sodium acetate is used as the anti-ether agent. 0.04% of the mass of the polymer esterified product, and the usage amount of the transesterification catalyst is 0.15% of the mass of the prepolymer esterified product.
  • the transesterification catalyst adopts a porous titanium-antimony composite catalyst
  • the porous titanium-antimony composite catalyst uses activated alumina as a carrier and a titanium-antimony composite film as a surface catalyst
  • the preparation method includes the following steps: step a, chlorine Titanium chloride and antimony trichloride are added to 1 L of absolute ethanol for low-temperature ultrasonic dispersion to form a composite alcohol solution.
  • the concentration of the titanium chloride in absolute ethanol is 100 g/L, and the amount of antimony trichloride is The molar weight of titanium is 300%, the temperature of the low-temperature ultrasonic is 8 °C, and the ultrasonic frequency is 80 kHz; in step b, the porous activated alumina is added to anhydrous ethanol with microwave ultrasonic for 50 min, and dried at a constant temperature to obtain clean porous activated alumina , and then soak the clean porous activated alumina in the composite alcohol solution for microwave reaction for 20min, vacuum distillation reaction for 30min, take out and quickly dry to obtain a wet film catalyst; the porous activated alumina adopts alumina powder with micron-scale pores body, the microwave power of the microwave ultrasonic is 500W, the temperature is 40°C, the microwave power of the microwave reaction is 800W, the temperature is 20°C, the pressure of the vacuum distillation is 90% of the atmospheric pressure, the temperature is 90°C, and the fast drying The dry temperature is
  • the temperature of melt spinning in the step 3 is 280°C, the spinning speed is 5000 m/min, the cooling air speed is 20°C, and the temperature of the cooling air is 10°C.
  • the obtained water-repellent polyester fiber has a monofilament fineness of 2.6 dtex, a breaking strength of 4.8 cN/dtex, a contact angle of 145°, and the droplets stay on the fabric surface of the fiber for a long time, showing good water repellency.
  • a preparation method of water-repellent polyester fiber comprising the following steps:
  • Step 1 hydrolyzing ethylene glycol and pentaerythritol ester to obtain water-repellent dibasic acid ester;
  • Step 2 the water-repellent dibasic ester compound and the prepolymer ester compound are subjected to a transesterification reaction to obtain a water-repellent polyester polymer;
  • Step 3 melt spinning the water-repellent polyester polymer to obtain the water-repellent polyester fiber.
  • the molar ratio of ethylene glycol and pentaerythritol in the step 1 is 1:1.3.
  • Pentaerythritol bis-dimethylsilicate is used as the pentaerythritol ester in the step 1.
  • the temperature of the hydrolysis reaction in the step 1 is 260° C. and the pressure is 0.3 MPa.
  • the prepolymer ester in the step 2 is prepared by esterification of bishydroxyethyl terephthalate and glycerol.
  • the bishydroxyethyl terephthalate and glycerol use antimony trioxide as a catalyst under the conditions of a temperature of 20 ° C and a pressure of 0.4 MPa to prepare a prepolymer ester compound, the antimony trioxide
  • the amount of catalyst used is 2% of the mass of glycerol.
  • the antimony trioxide adopts activated alumina-based antimony trioxide
  • the preparation method includes the following steps: Step i, adding antimony trichloride and aluminum trichloride into 1 L of absolute ethanol and stirring uniformly, Until completely dissolved, a dissolved alcohol solution is obtained, wherein the mass ratio of antimony trichloride and aluminum trichloride is 2:1, and the concentration of the antimony trichloride in absolute ethanol is 140g/L, and the stirring speed is 1500r /min; step ii, the saturated ammonia water is passed into the dissolving alcohol solution until the precipitation is completely dissolved again, then the precipitate is obtained by distillation under reduced pressure, and the activated alumina composite antimony trioxide is obtained by drying at a constant temperature, wherein the saturated ammonia water is passed through The input amount is 8mL/min, the pressure of described vacuum distillation is 85% of atmospheric pressure, and temperature is 110 °C, and the temperature of described constant temperature drying is 230
  • the titanium-antimony composite catalyst is used as the transesterification catalyst, and anhydrous sodium acetate is used as the anti-ether agent. 0.03% of the mass of the polymer esterified product, and the usage amount of the transesterification catalyst is 0.12% of the mass of the prepolymer esterified product.
  • the transesterification catalyst is a porous titanium-antimony composite catalyst.
  • the porous titanium-antimony composite catalyst takes activated alumina as a carrier and a titanium-antimony composite film as a surface catalyst, and the preparation method includes the following steps: step a, adding titanium chloride and antimony trichloride to 1 L of anhydrous ethanol at a medium and low temperature Ultrasonic dispersion forms a composite alcohol solution, the concentration of the titanium chloride in absolute ethanol is 80 g/L, the amount of antimony trichloride added is that the molar weight of titanium chloride is 250%, and the temperature of the low-temperature ultrasonic is 6 °C, the ultrasonic frequency is 70 kHz; in step b, the porous activated alumina is added to anhydrous ethanol for 40 min by microwave ultrasonic, and dried at a constant temperature to obtain clean porous activated alumina, and then the clean porous activated alumina is immersed in the composite alcohol solution Microwave reaction for 15min, vacuum distillation reaction for 25min, take out and quickly dry to obtain a wet
  • the reaction kettle was filled with a mixture of nitrogen and water vapor, and the volume ratio of nitrogen and water vapor was 17:1, and the temperature of the constant temperature reaction was 17:1. is 180° C., and the gas flow rate of the nitrogen sweep is 5 mL/min.
  • the temperature of melt spinning in the step 3 is 270°C, the spinning speed is 4500m/min, the cooling air speed is 15°C, and the temperature of the cooling air is 8°C.
  • the obtained water-repellent polyester fiber has a monofilament fineness of 2.1 dtex, a breaking strength of 3.8 cN/dtex, a contact angle of 141°, and the droplets stay on the fabric surface of the fiber for a long time, showing good water repellency.
  • the present invention has the following advantages:
  • the present invention solves the blank of non-halogen flame retardant, and utilizes water-repellent dibasic ester compound and prepolymer ester compound to generate water-repellent polyester polymer through transesterification reaction, which has good reaction stability and product rejection. Good water features.
  • the present invention further improves the connection between functional groups by means of transesterification, and solves the problem that the water-repellent performance decreases due to the shedding of the water-repellent ester compound.
  • the present invention utilizes the activity of antimony trioxide combined with alumina, which effectively improves the surface activity of antimony trioxide and achieves the effect of promoting the esterification reaction.
  • the catalyst can improve the catalytic efficiency by 4-6% .
  • titanium dioxide is used as a photoelectric response agent and an electron hole generator to improve the surface activity of antimony trioxide, and at the same time, the composite system of the film structure can cover the surface catalytic performance of antimony trioxide to the surface, thereby realizing the promotion of titanium dioxide.
  • the reaction efficiency of antimony trioxide, combined with the active oxidation of the carrier, can use the characteristics of surface groups to achieve the effect of stably connecting titanium dioxide and antimony trioxide, and the catalyst can improve the transesterification effect by 5-9%.

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Abstract

本发明属于聚酯纤维领域,具体涉及一种拒水聚酯纤维的制备方法，包括如下步骤：步骤1，将乙二醇与季戊四醇酸酯水解反应得到拒水型二元酸酯化物；步骤2，将拒水型二元酸酯化物与预聚体酯化物进行酯交换反应，制得拒水聚酯聚合物；步骤3，将拒水聚酯聚合物熔融纺丝，得到拒水聚酯纤维。本发明解决了非卤阻燃辖内的空白，利用拒水型二元酸酯化物与预聚体酯化物通过酯交换反应生成拒水聚酯聚合物，具有反应稳定性好，产品拒水性佳的特点

Description

一种拒水聚酯纤维的制备方法 技术领域
本发明属于聚酯纤维领域,具体涉及一种拒水聚酯纤维的制备方法。
 背景技术
聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)纤维自问世以来，因其优异的性能而得到了迅猛地发展，其产量已经成为世界合成纤维之冠。聚酯纤维具有断裂强度和弹性模量高，回弹性适中，热定型优异，耐热耐光性好以及耐酸耐碱耐腐蚀性等一系列优良性能，且织物具有抗皱、挺括性好等优点，所以，聚酯纤维广泛应用于服装、工业丝等领域。
随着人们生活水平的提高，人们对纺织品的要求也越来越高，纺织品的功能性整理如抗菌、阻燃、防紫外、拒水拒油等在生产中也越来越常见。特别是拒水拒油织物，在人们生产和生活中使用也更加广泛。织物进行拒水拒油处理后，既能保持原有的手感、透气性、风格等，又可减少其洗涤次数，扩大了织物的使用范围，增加了织物的使用性能。
目前对纺织品进行拒水拒油处理，一般采用有机氟拒水拒油整理剂，通过轧焙烘的方式，对织物进行后整理。氟素拒水剂分解可能会产生全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)和全氟辛酸(PFOA)，大量的调查研究发现，PFOS和PFOA具有遗传毒性、雄性生殖毒性、神经毒性、发育毒性和内分泌干扰作用等多种毒性，被认为是一类具有全身多器脏毒性的环境污染物。
所以在阻燃和拒水加工中，安全、环保的非卤阻燃加工和非氟拒水加工成为研究的主要方向。
 技术问题
针对现有技术中的问题，本发明提供一种拒水聚酯纤维的制备方法，解决了非卤阻燃辖内的空白，利用拒水型二元酸酯化物与预聚体酯化物通过酯交换反应生成拒水聚酯聚合物，具有反应稳定性好，产品拒水性佳的特点。
 技术解决方案
为实现以上技术目的，本发明的技术方案是：
一种拒水聚酯纤维的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤1，将乙二醇与季戊四醇酸酯水解反应得到拒水型二元酸酯化物；
步骤2，将拒水型二元酸酯化物与预聚体酯化物进行酯交换反应，制得拒水聚酯聚合物；
步骤3，将拒水聚酯聚合物熔融纺丝，得到拒水聚酯纤维。
所述步骤1中的乙二醇与季戊四醇酸酯摩尔比为1:1.1-1.4。
所述步骤1中的季戊四醇酸酯采用季戊四醇油酸酯、季戊四醇磷酸酯、季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯中的一种。
所述步骤1中的水解反应的温度为250-280℃，压力为0.2-0.3MPa。
所述步骤2中的预聚体酯化物采用对苯二甲酸双羟乙酯与丙三醇酯化反应制得。
进一步的，所述对苯二甲酸双羟乙酯与丙三醇在温度为220-250℃，压力为0.3-0.4MPa的条件下以三氧化锑为催化剂，制得预聚体酯化物，所述三氧化锑催化剂的使用量是丙三醇质量的1-3%。
再进一步的，所述三氧化锑采用活性氧化铝基三氧化锑，且其制备方法，包括如下步骤：步骤i，将三氯化锑和三氯化铝加入至无水乙醇中搅拌均匀，直至完全溶解，得到溶解醇液，其中三氯化锑和三氯化铝的质量比为3-5:2，且所述三氯化锑在无水乙醇中的浓度为100-150g/L，搅拌速度为1000-2000r/min；步骤ii，将饱和氨水通入至溶解醇液中直至沉淀后再次完全溶解，然后减压蒸馏得到沉淀物，经恒温烘干得到活性氧化铝复合三氧化锑，其中，饱和氨水的通入量为5-10mL/min,所述减压蒸馏的压力为大气压的80-90%，温度为100-120℃，所述恒温烘干的温度为200-250℃。
所述步骤2中的酯交换反应以钛锑复合催化剂为酯交换催化剂，以无水醋酸钠为防醚剂，反应温度为220-250℃，压力为0.3-0.4MPa，所述防醚剂的使用量是预聚体酯化物质量的0.01-0.04%，所述酯交换催化剂的使用量为预聚体酯化物质量的0.05-0.15%。
再进一步的，酯交换催化剂采用多孔钛锑复合催化剂。
所述多孔钛锑复合催化剂以活性氧化铝为载体，以钛锑复合膜为表面催化剂，且制备方法包括如下步骤：步骤a，将氯化钛与三氯化锑加入至无水乙醇中低温超声分散，形成复合醇液，所述氯化钛在无水乙醇中的浓度为50-100g/L，三氯化锑的加入量是氯化钛摩尔量为200-300%,所述低温超声的温度为2-8℃，超声频率为50-80kHz；步骤b，将多孔活性氧化铝加入至无水乙醇中微波超声30-50min，恒温烘干得到洁净的多孔活性氧化铝，然后将洁净的多孔活性氧化铝浸泡在复合醇液中微波反应10-20min，减压蒸馏反应20-30min，取出并快速烘干，得到湿膜催化剂；所述多孔活性氧化铝采用微米级孔隙的氧化铝粉体，所述微波超声的微波功率为300-500W，温度为20-40℃，所述微波反应的微波功率为500-800W，温度为10-20℃，减压蒸馏的压力为大气压的80-90%，温度为80-90℃，快速烘干的温度为120-130℃；步骤c，将湿膜催化剂静置在反应釜中恒温反应20-30min，氮气扫尾后得到多孔钛锑复合催化剂，所述反应釜中充满氮气与水蒸气的混合气，且氮气和水蒸气的体积比为15-18:1，恒温反应的温度为150-200℃，所述氮气扫尾的气体流速为3-7mL/min。
所述步骤3中的熔融纺丝的温度为250-280℃，纺丝速度为4000-5000m/min，冷却风速为10-20℃，冷却风的温度为5-10℃。
 有益效果
从以上描述可以看出，本发明具备以下优点：
1.本发明解决了非卤阻燃辖内的空白，利用拒水型二元酸酯化物与预聚体酯化物通过酯交换反应生成拒水聚酯聚合物，具有反应稳定性好，产品拒水性佳的特点。
2.本发明利用酯交换的方式进一步提升官能团之间的链接更为牢固，解决了拒水酯化物脱落造成拒水性能下降的问题。
3.本发明利用三氧化二锑配合氧化铝的活性，有效的提升了三氧化二锑表面活性，达到促进酯化反应的效果，在实际试验中，该催化剂能够提升4-6%的催化效率。
4.本发明将二氧化钛作为光电响应剂与电子空穴产生剂，提高三氧化二锑表面活性，同时薄膜结构的复合体系能够将三氧化二锑的表面催化性能覆盖至表面，从而实现了二氧化钛促进三氧化二锑的反应效率，结合载体为活性氧化，能够利用表面基团的特性，达到稳固连接二氧化钛和三氧化二锑的效果，在催化剂能够将酯交换效果提升5-9%。
 本发明的实施方式
结合实施例详细说明本发明，但不对本发明的权利要求做任何限定。
实施例1
一种拒水聚酯纤维的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤1，将乙二醇与季戊四醇酸酯水解反应得到拒水型二元酸酯化物；所述步乙二醇与季戊四醇酸酯摩尔比为1:1.1-1.4；季戊四醇酸酯采用季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯；水解反应的温度为250-280℃，压力为0.2-0.3MPa；
步骤2，将拒水型二元酸酯化物与预聚体酯化物进行酯交换反应，制得拒水聚酯聚合物；所述预聚体酯化物采用对苯二甲酸双羟乙酯与丙三醇酯化反应制得；所述对苯二甲酸双羟乙酯与丙三醇在温度为220-250℃，压力为0.3-0.4MPa的条件下以三氧化锑为催化剂，制得预聚体酯化物，所述三氧化锑催化剂的使用量是丙三醇质量的1-3%；所述酯交换反应以钛锑复合催化剂为酯交换催化剂，以无水醋酸钠为防醚剂，反应温度为220-250℃，压力为0.3-0.4MPa，所述防醚剂的使用量是预聚体酯化物质量的0.01-0.04%，所述酯交换催化剂的使用量为预聚体酯化物质量的0.05-0.15%；
步骤3，将拒水聚酯聚合物熔融纺丝，得到拒水聚酯纤维；所述熔融纺丝的温度为250-280℃，纺丝速度为4000-5000m/min，冷却风速为10-20℃，冷却风的温度为5-10℃。
制得的拒水聚酯纤维，其单丝纤度为0.9dtex，断裂强度为2.5cN/dtex，接触角为135°，液滴长时间停留在该纤维的织物表面，体现出良好的拒水性。
 
实施例2
一种拒水聚酯纤维的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤1，将乙二醇与季戊四醇酸酯水解反应得到拒水型二元酸酯化物；所述步乙二醇与季戊四醇酸酯摩尔比为1:1.1；季戊四醇酸酯采用季戊四醇油酸酯；水解反应的温度为250℃，压力为0.2MPa；
步骤2，将拒水型二元酸酯化物与预聚体酯化物进行酯交换反应，制得拒水聚酯聚合物；所述预聚体酯化物采用对苯二甲酸双羟乙酯与丙三醇酯化反应制得；所述对苯二甲酸双羟乙酯与丙三醇在温度为250℃，压力为0.4MPa的条件下以三氧化锑为催化剂，制得预聚体酯化物，所述三氧化锑催化剂的使用量是丙三醇质量的3%；所述酯交换反应以钛锑复合催化剂为酯交换催化剂，以无水醋酸钠为防醚剂，反应温度为250℃，压力为0.4MPa，所述防醚剂的使用量是预聚体酯化物质量的0.04%，所述酯交换催化剂的使用量为预聚体酯化物质量的0.15%；
步骤3，将拒水聚酯聚合物熔融纺丝，得到拒水聚酯纤维；所述熔融纺丝的温度为280℃，纺丝速度为5000m/min，冷却风速为20℃，冷却风的温度为10℃。
制得的拒水聚酯纤维，其单丝纤度为1.9dtex，断裂强度为4.5cN/dtex，接触角为143°，液滴长时间停留在该纤维的织物表面，体现出良好的拒水性。
 
实施例3
一种拒水聚酯纤维的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤1，将乙二醇与季戊四醇酸酯水解反应得到拒水型二元酸酯化物；所述步乙二醇与季戊四醇酸酯摩尔比为1:1.3；季戊四醇酸酯采用季戊四醇磷酸酯；水解反应的温度为270℃，压力为0.3MPa；
步骤2，将拒水型二元酸酯化物与预聚体酯化物进行酯交换反应，制得拒水聚酯聚合物；所述预聚体酯化物采用对苯二甲酸双羟乙酯与丙三醇酯化反应制得；所述对苯二甲酸双羟乙酯与丙三醇在温度为240℃，压力为0.4MPa的条件下以三氧化锑为催化剂，制得预聚体酯化物，所述三氧化锑催化剂的使用量是丙三醇质量的2%；所述酯交换反应以钛锑复合催化剂为酯交换催化剂，以无水醋酸钠为防醚剂，反应温度为230℃，压力为0.4MPa，所述防醚剂的使用量是预聚体酯化物质量的0.03%，所述酯交换催化剂的使用量为预聚体酯化物质量的0.10%；
步骤3，将拒水聚酯聚合物熔融纺丝，得到拒水聚酯纤维；所述熔融纺丝的温度为270℃，纺丝速度为4500m/min，冷却风速为15℃，冷却风的温度为8℃。
制得的拒水聚酯纤维，其单丝纤度为1.3dtex，断裂强度为3.1cN/dtex，接触角为139°，液滴长时间停留在该纤维的织物表面，体现出良好的拒水性。
 
实施例4
一种拒水聚酯纤维的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤1，将乙二醇与季戊四醇酸酯水解反应得到拒水型二元酸酯化物；
步骤2，将拒水型二元酸酯化物与预聚体酯化物进行酯交换反应，制得拒水聚酯聚合物；
步骤3，将拒水聚酯聚合物熔融纺丝，得到拒水聚酯纤维。
所述步骤1中的乙二醇与季戊四醇酸酯摩尔比为1:1.1。
所述步骤1中的季戊四醇酸酯采用季戊四醇油酸酯。
所述步骤1中的水解反应的温度为250℃，压力为0.2MPa。
所述步骤2中的预聚体酯化物采用对苯二甲酸双羟乙酯与丙三醇酯化反应制得。
进一步的，所述对苯二甲酸双羟乙酯与丙三醇在温度为220℃，压力为0.3MPa的条件下以三氧化锑为催化剂，制得预聚体酯化物，所述三氧化锑催化剂的使用量是丙三醇质量的1%。
再进一步的，所述三氧化锑采用活性氧化铝基三氧化锑，且其制备方法，包括如下步骤：步骤i，将三氯化锑和三氯化铝加入至无水乙醇1L中搅拌均匀，直至完全溶解，得到溶解醇液，其中三氯化锑和三氯化铝的质量比为3:2，且所述三氯化锑在无水乙醇中的浓度为100g/L，搅拌速度为1000r/min；步骤ii，将饱和氨水通入至溶解醇液中直至沉淀后再次完全溶解，然后减压蒸馏得到沉淀物，经恒温烘干得到活性氧化铝复合三氧化锑，其中，饱和氨水的通入量为5mL/min,所述减压蒸馏的压力为大气压的0-90%，温度为100℃，所述恒温烘干的温度为200℃。
所述步骤2中的酯交换反应以钛锑复合催化剂为酯交换催化剂，以无水醋酸钠为防醚剂，反应温度为220℃，压力为0.3MPa，所述防醚剂的使用量是预聚体酯化物质量的0.01%，所述酯交换催化剂的使用量为预聚体酯化物质量的0.05%。
再进一步的，酯交换催化剂采用多孔钛锑复合催化剂，且所述多孔钛锑复合催化剂以活性氧化铝为载体，以钛锑复合膜为表面催化剂，且制备方法包括如下步骤：步骤a，将氯化钛与三氯化锑加入至无水乙醇1L中低温超声分散，形成复合醇液，所述氯化钛在无水乙醇中的浓度为50g/L，三氯化锑的加入量是氯化钛摩尔量为200%,所述低温超声的温度为2℃，超声频率为50kHz；步骤b，将多孔活性氧化铝加入至无水乙醇中微波超声30min，恒温烘干得到洁净的多孔活性氧化铝，然后将洁净的多孔活性氧化铝浸泡在复合醇液中微波反应10min，减压蒸馏反应20min，取出并快速烘干，得到湿膜催化剂；所述多孔活性氧化铝采用微米级孔隙的氧化铝粉体，所述微波超声的微波功率为300W，温度为20℃，所述微波反应的微波功率为500W，温度为10℃，减压蒸馏的压力为大气压的80%，温度为80℃，快速烘干的温度为120℃；步骤c，将湿膜催化剂静置在反应釜中恒温反应20min，氮气扫尾后得到多孔钛锑复合催化剂，所述反应釜中充满氮气与水蒸气的混合气，且氮气和水蒸气的体积比为15:1，恒温反应的温度为150℃，所述氮气扫尾的气体流速为3mL/min。
所述步骤3中的熔融纺丝的温度为250℃，纺丝速度为4000m/min，冷却风速为10℃，冷却风的温度为5℃。
制得的拒水聚酯纤维，其单丝纤度为1.2dtex，断裂强度为2.9cN/dtex，接触角为138°，液滴长时间停留在该纤维的织物表面，体现出良好的拒水性。
 
实施例5
一种拒水聚酯纤维的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤1，将乙二醇与季戊四醇酸酯水解反应得到拒水型二元酸酯化物；
步骤2，将拒水型二元酸酯化物与预聚体酯化物进行酯交换反应，制得拒水聚酯聚合物；
步骤3，将拒水聚酯聚合物熔融纺丝，得到拒水聚酯纤维。
所述步骤1中的乙二醇与季戊四醇酸酯摩尔比为1:1.4。
所述步骤1中的季戊四醇酸酯采用季戊四醇磷酸酯。
所述步骤1中的水解反应的温度为280℃，压力为0.3MPa。
所述步骤2中的预聚体酯化物采用对苯二甲酸双羟乙酯与丙三醇酯化反应制得。
进一步的，所述对苯二甲酸双羟乙酯与丙三醇在温度为250℃，压力为0.4MPa的条件下以三氧化锑为催化剂，制得预聚体酯化物，所述三氧化锑催化剂的使用量是丙三醇质量的3%。
再进一步的，所述三氧化锑采用活性氧化铝基三氧化锑，且其制备方法，包括如下步骤：步骤i，将三氯化锑和三氯化铝加入至无水乙醇1L中搅拌均匀，直至完全溶解，得到溶解醇液，其中三氯化锑和三氯化铝的质量比为5:2，且所述三氯化锑在无水乙醇中的浓度为150g/L，搅拌速度为2000r/min；步骤ii，将饱和氨水通入至溶解醇液中直至沉淀后再次完全溶解，然后减压蒸馏得到沉淀物，经恒温烘干得到活性氧化铝复合三氧化锑，其中，饱和氨水的通入量为10mL/min,所述减压蒸馏的压力为大气压的90%，温度为120℃，所述恒温烘干的温度为250℃。
所述步骤2中的酯交换反应以钛锑复合催化剂为酯交换催化剂，以无水醋酸钠为防醚剂，反应温度为250℃，压力为0.4MPa，所述防醚剂的使用量是预聚体酯化物质量的0.04%，所述酯交换催化剂的使用量为预聚体酯化物质量的0.15%。
再进一步的，酯交换催化剂采用多孔钛锑复合催化剂，且所述多孔钛锑复合催化剂以活性氧化铝为载体，以钛锑复合膜为表面催化剂，且制备方法包括如下步骤：步骤a，将氯化钛与三氯化锑加入至无水乙醇1L中低温超声分散，形成复合醇液，所述氯化钛在无水乙醇中的浓度为100g/L，三氯化锑的加入量是氯化钛摩尔量为300%,所述低温超声的温度为8℃，超声频率为80kHz；步骤b，将多孔活性氧化铝加入至无水乙醇中微波超声50min，恒温烘干得到洁净的多孔活性氧化铝，然后将洁净的多孔活性氧化铝浸泡在复合醇液中微波反应20min，减压蒸馏反应30min，取出并快速烘干，得到湿膜催化剂；所述多孔活性氧化铝采用微米级孔隙的氧化铝粉体，所述微波超声的微波功率为500W，温度为40℃，所述微波反应的微波功率为800W，温度为20℃，减压蒸馏的压力为大气压的90%，温度为90℃，快速烘干的温度为130℃；步骤c，将湿膜催化剂静置在反应釜中恒温反应30min，氮气扫尾后得到多孔钛锑复合催化剂，所述反应釜中充满氮气与水蒸气的混合气，且氮气和水蒸气的体积比为18:1，恒温反应的温度为200℃，所述氮气扫尾的气体流速为7mL/min。
所述步骤3中的熔融纺丝的温度为280℃，纺丝速度为5000m/min，冷却风速为20℃，冷却风的温度为10℃。
制得的拒水聚酯纤维，其单丝纤度为2.6dtex，断裂强度为4.8cN/dtex，接触角为145°，液滴长时间停留在该纤维的织物表面，体现出良好的拒水性。
 
实施例6
一种拒水聚酯纤维的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤1，将乙二醇与季戊四醇酸酯水解反应得到拒水型二元酸酯化物；
步骤2，将拒水型二元酸酯化物与预聚体酯化物进行酯交换反应，制得拒水聚酯聚合物；
步骤3，将拒水聚酯聚合物熔融纺丝，得到拒水聚酯纤维。
所述步骤1中的乙二醇与季戊四醇酸酯摩尔比为1:1.3。
所述步骤1中的季戊四醇酸酯采用季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯。
所述步骤1中的水解反应的温度为260℃，压力为0.3MPa。
所述步骤2中的预聚体酯化物采用对苯二甲酸双羟乙酯与丙三醇酯化反应制得。
进一步的，所述对苯二甲酸双羟乙酯与丙三醇在温度为20℃，压力为0.4MPa的条件下以三氧化锑为催化剂，制得预聚体酯化物，所述三氧化锑催化剂的使用量是丙三醇质量的2%。
再进一步的，所述三氧化锑采用活性氧化铝基三氧化锑，且其制备方法，包括如下步骤：步骤i，将三氯化锑和三氯化铝加入至无水乙醇1L中搅拌均匀，直至完全溶解，得到溶解醇液，其中三氯化锑和三氯化铝的质量比为2:1，且所述三氯化锑在无水乙醇中的浓度为140g/L，搅拌速度为1500r/min；步骤ii，将饱和氨水通入至溶解醇液中直至沉淀后再次完全溶解，然后减压蒸馏得到沉淀物，经恒温烘干得到活性氧化铝复合三氧化锑，其中，饱和氨水的通入量为8mL/min,所述减压蒸馏的压力为大气压的85%，温度为110℃，所述恒温烘干的温度为230℃。
所述步骤2中的酯交换反应以钛锑复合催化剂为酯交换催化剂，以无水醋酸钠为防醚剂，反应温度为240℃，压力为0.4MPa，所述防醚剂的使用量是预聚体酯化物质量的0.03%，所述酯交换催化剂的使用量为预聚体酯化物质量的0.12%。
再进一步的，酯交换催化剂采用多孔钛锑复合催化剂。
所述多孔钛锑复合催化剂以活性氧化铝为载体，以钛锑复合膜为表面催化剂，且制备方法包括如下步骤：步骤a，将氯化钛与三氯化锑加入至无水乙醇1L中低温超声分散，形成复合醇液，所述氯化钛在无水乙醇中的浓度为80g/L，三氯化锑的加入量是氯化钛摩尔量为250%,所述低温超声的温度为6℃，超声频率为70kHz；步骤b，将多孔活性氧化铝加入至无水乙醇中微波超声40min，恒温烘干得到洁净的多孔活性氧化铝，然后将洁净的多孔活性氧化铝浸泡在复合醇液中微波反应15min，减压蒸馏反应25min，取出并快速烘干，得到湿膜催化剂；所述多孔活性氧化铝采用微米级孔隙的氧化铝粉体，所述微波超声的微波功率为400W，温度为30℃，所述微波反应的微波功率为700W，温度为15℃，减压蒸馏的压力为大气压的85%，温度为85℃，快速烘干的温度为125℃；步骤c，将湿膜催化剂静置在反应釜中恒温反应25min，氮气扫尾后得到多孔钛锑复合催化剂，所述反应釜中充满氮气与水蒸气的混合气，且氮气和水蒸气的体积比为17:1，恒温反应的温度为180℃，所述氮气扫尾的气体流速为5mL/min。
所述步骤3中的熔融纺丝的温度为270℃，纺丝速度为4500m/min，冷却风速为15℃，冷却风的温度为8℃。
制得的拒水聚酯纤维，其单丝纤度为2.1dtex，断裂强度为3.8cN/dtex，接触角为141°，液滴长时间停留在该纤维的织物表面，体现出良好的拒水性。
 
综上所述，本发明具有以下优点：
1.本发明解决了非卤阻燃辖内的空白，利用拒水型二元酸酯化物与预聚体酯化物通过酯交换反应生成拒水聚酯聚合物，具有反应稳定性好，产品拒水性佳的特点。
2.本发明利用酯交换的方式进一步提升官能团之间的链接更为牢固，解决了拒水酯化物脱落造成拒水性能下降的问题。
3.本发明利用三氧化二锑配合氧化铝的活性，有效的提升了三氧化二锑表面活性，达到促进酯化反应的效果，在实际试验中，该催化剂能够提升4-6%的催化效率。
4.本发明将二氧化钛作为光电响应剂与电子空穴产生剂，提高三氧化二锑表面活性，同时薄膜结构的复合体系能够将三氧化二锑的表面催化性能覆盖至表面，从而实现了二氧化钛促进三氧化二锑的反应效率，结合载体为活性氧化，能够利用表面基团的特性，达到稳固连接二氧化钛和三氧化二锑的效果，在催化剂能够将酯交换效果提升5-9%。
 
    可以理解的是，以上关于本发明的具体描述，仅用于说明本发明而并非受限于本发明实施例所描述的技术方案。本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，仍然可以对本发明进行修改或等同替换，以达到相同的技术效果；只要满足使用需要，都在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种拒水聚酯纤维的制备方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
    步骤1，将乙二醇与季戊四醇酸酯水解反应得到拒水型二元酸酯化物；
    步骤2，将拒水型二元酸酯化物与预聚体酯化物进行酯交换反应，制得拒水聚酯聚合物；
    步骤3，将拒水聚酯聚合物熔融纺丝，得到拒水聚酯纤维。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的拒水聚酯纤维的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤1中的乙二醇与季戊四醇酸酯摩尔比为1:1.1-1.4。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的拒水聚酯纤维的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤1中的季戊四醇酸酯采用季戊四醇油酸酯、季戊四醇磷酸酯、季戊四醇双二甲基硅酸酯中的一种。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的拒水聚酯纤维的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤1中的水解反应的温度为250-280℃，压力为0.2-0.3MPa。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的拒水聚酯纤维的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤2中的预聚体酯化物采用对苯二甲酸双羟乙酯与丙三醇酯化反应制得。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的拒水聚酯纤维的制备方法，其特征在于：所述对苯二甲酸双羟乙酯与丙三醇在温度为220-250℃，压力为0.3-0.4MPa的条件下以三氧化锑为催化剂，制得预聚体酯化物，所述三氧化锑催化剂的使用量是丙三醇质量的1-3%。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的拒水聚酯纤维的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤2中的酯交换反应以钛锑复合催化剂为酯交换催化剂，以无水醋酸钠为防醚剂，反应温度为220-250℃，压力为0.3-0.4MPa，所述防醚剂的使用量是预聚体酯化物质量的0.01-0.04%，所述酯交换催化剂的使用量为预聚体酯化物质量的0.05-0.15%。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的拒水聚酯纤维的制备方法，其特征在于：酯交换催化剂采用多孔钛锑复合催化剂。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的拒水聚酯纤维的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤3中的熔融纺丝的温度为250-280℃，纺丝速度为4000-5000m/min，冷却风速为10-20℃，冷却风的温度为5-10℃。
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