WO2022096166A1 - Energiespeicherzelle, energiespeicher sowie verfahren zum herstellen einer energiespeicherzelle - Google Patents
Energiespeicherzelle, energiespeicher sowie verfahren zum herstellen einer energiespeicherzelle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022096166A1 WO2022096166A1 PCT/EP2021/070586 EP2021070586W WO2022096166A1 WO 2022096166 A1 WO2022096166 A1 WO 2022096166A1 EP 2021070586 W EP2021070586 W EP 2021070586W WO 2022096166 A1 WO2022096166 A1 WO 2022096166A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- metal container
- energy storage
- storage cell
- cover
- phase change
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 210000000352 storage cell Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 199
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 199
- 239000012782 phase change material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 32
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 12
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010446 mirabilite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- -1 paraffins Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 3
- RSIJVJUOQBWMIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfate decahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RSIJVJUOQBWMIM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000237942 Conidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000739 chaotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
- F28D20/021—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material and the heat-exchanging means being enclosed in one container
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
- F28D20/023—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material being enclosed in granular particles or dispersed in a porous, fibrous or cellular structure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D2020/0004—Particular heat storage apparatus
- F28D2020/0021—Particular heat storage apparatus the heat storage material being enclosed in loose or stacked elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2220/00—Closure means, e.g. end caps on header boxes or plugs on conduits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2230/00—Sealing means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
- F28F2275/06—Fastening; Joining by welding
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
- F28F2275/12—Fastening; Joining by methods involving deformation of the elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
- F28F2275/12—Fastening; Joining by methods involving deformation of the elements
- F28F2275/122—Fastening; Joining by methods involving deformation of the elements by crimping, caulking or clinching
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an energy storage cell.
- the present invention relates to an energy store.
- the present invention provides a method for manufacturing an energy storage cell.
- Known energy storage cells are usually implemented as plastic capsules and have a phase change material inside the plastic capsule, which is set in such a way that it changes to the liquid phase when heat is supplied (endothermic reaction) and crystallizes again when it cools and thus generates heat its surroundings (exothermic reaction).
- the generic energy storage cells are primarily used in energy storage devices that are essentially constructed as follows and function according to the following principle: a large number of generic energy storage cells are arranged in a tank filled with a liquid, for example water or oil. At a time when there is excess energy, for example during the day when there is sunshine, the excess energy is used to heat the liquid in the tank. The liquid gives off heat to the energy storage cells, so that the phase change material changes into the liquid phase under an endothermic reaction.
- the phase change material crystallizes with an exothermic reaction, with heat being released or transferred to the liquid.
- the energy storage cells must be sufficiently tight against an external pressure of 3 to 4 bar, which prevails in the liquid tank.
- the chaotic, uncontrollable arrangement of the energy storage cells in the tank has proven to be disadvantageous.
- the known energy storage cells are too sluggish, ie the phase transitions of the phase change material as a result of temperature changes are too sluggish.
- the energy storage cell comprises a closed metal capsule in which the phase change material is arranged.
- the fluid-tight sealing of the capsule is of decisive importance for the safe and long-lasting functionality of the energy storage cell.
- the energy storage cell should ensure reliable separation of the phase change material from the environment, namely the liquid, over the service life of at least 20 years or 10,000 cycles, reversible exothermic and endothermic reaction.
- the inventors of the present invention have found that there is potential for improvement in the energy storage cell according to DE 102019105988 Ai both from production and from functional aspects.
- the energy storage cell in particular an accumulator, is then provided.
- the energy storage cell can be set up or arranged in such a way, for example in an energy storage device, that the energy storage cell is powered by a liquid fluid, such as water, oil or the like, is surrounded and/or flows around.
- the energy storage cell can function according to the following principle, for example: up to a certain liquid temperature, the energy storage cell absorbs heat, ie energy, from the liquid surrounding and/or flowing around the energy storage cell.
- the energy storage cell is designed to store the absorbed heat or energy. If required, the energy storage cell can release the stored energy again.
- the energy store is a water tank, such as a boiler, which is arranged outdoors and in which the energy storage cell is located.
- the water arranged in the water tank can be heated by solar radiation and thereby heat the energy storage cell, which stores the absorbed heat in the form of energy. If the water in the water tank cools down, for example at night, the energy storage cell can release the heat again in order to warm up the water. The absorption and release of energy can be reversible or repeated as often as desired.
- the energy storage cell is rechargeable and/or designed as an accumulator.
- the energy storage cell comprises an elongate, hollow metal container in which phase change material is arranged and which has at least one open end which is closed in a gas-tight manner by means of a cover.
- the metal container can be made or manufactured from metal. Aluminum, brass, steel or copper and alloys thereof are used as metals, for example. Metals are inexpensive and easy to process. In the case of the metal containers according to the invention, it has proven to be advantageous that metals have a high thermal conductivity. This made it possible to create a fast-reacting energy storage cell. Due to the increased thermal conductivity of metal, in particular compared to the previously used plastic material, the phase change material reacted significantly faster, in particular more sensitively, to temperature changes in the liquid surrounding and/or flowing around the metal container. Because the thermal conductivity of metals is generally 10 to 1000 times higher than the thermal conductivity of plastics, the phase change material can react faster by this factor to temperature changes in the liquid.
- the metal container can have a wall that has a cavity, preferably a storage space, with the wall in particular serving to separate and/or shield the cavity from its surroundings.
- the metal container is generally not limited to any particular shape and/or geometry.
- the metal container can be designed to be fluid-tight with respect to the environment in such a way that no liquid from the environment can enter the interior of the metal container and/or no materials arranged inside the metal container, such as phase change materials, can escape into the environment.
- Phase change materials are generally materials that can store much of the thermal energy input to them in the form of latent heat.
- Latent heat is the enthalpy absorbed or released during a first-order phase transition. This means that phase change materials can store a high proportion of heat and/or cold energy and release it again as heat, phase-shifted, as required.
- Phase change materials have the advantage of being able to store very large amounts of heat in a small temperature range around the phase change, for example from solid to liquid or vice versa, gaseous to solid, or vice versa, or from gaseous to liquid.
- Phase change materials, or their energy storage capacities are based on the utilization of the phase transformation enthalpy, for example during the solid-liquid phase transition (solidification-melting), or vice versa.
- Phase change materials can include, for example, salts, e.g. Glauber's salt, sodium acetate, or inorganic compounds, e.g. paraffins, fatty acids, or the like.
- Other exemplary phase change materials are water or metallic phase change materials such as an aluminum silicon alloy.
- the phase change material can be selected or set in such a way that it carries out an endothermic reaction when heat is supplied and an exothermic reaction when heat is removed.
- An endothermic reaction is generally understood to mean a reaction in which energy, for example in the form of heat, is absorbed from the environment.
- the exothermic reaction denotes the opposite, in which energy, for example in the form of heat, is given off to the environment, namely the liquid.
- the absorption and release of energy and/or the phase change can be reversible or repeated as often as desired.
- the phase change material can be selected and/or adjusted in such a way that it carries out an endothermic reaction when heat is supplied and an exothermic reaction when heat is dissipated.
- the endothermic and the exothermic reaction can be reversible.
- the advantage of the energy storage cell is that it can be used not only once but repeatedly, ie can absorb and store energy again after releasing the absorbed and stored energy.
- the phase change material can assume at least two phases.
- the phase change material can be set up to absorb energy during a phase change from the first to the second phase and to emit energy during a reverse phase change from the second to the first phase, and/or to convert reversibly between the at least two phases.
- the energy storage cell according to the invention is set up to absorb and store energy from a liquid surrounding and/or flowing around the energy storage cell and to release the stored energy in particular to the liquid at a predetermined operating point, in particular at a predetermined temperature of the liquid.
- the liquid can be water, oil or the like.
- the metal container is made of a corrosion-resistant and/or salt-resistant and/or chemical-resistant metal, in particular a precious metal or stainless steel, for example chrome-nickel steel. It has been found that resistance to the phase change material arranged inside the metal container as well as resistance to the liquid surrounding and/or flowing around the metal container may be required. The materials specified have proven to be suitable in this regard.
- the energy storage cell includes an intermediate production state in which the cover is pre-positioned in the metal container in such a way that phase change material is prevented from escaping from the metal container, in particular in such a way that the metal container is temporarily sealed in a gas-tight manner, and a subsequent one Production state, in particular final production state, in which the lid and the metal container are additionally bonded to one another for permanent gas-tight sealing of the metal container.
- One advantage of the present invention is, among other things, that the energy storage cell is already in an intermediate production state, in which the phase change material is accommodated in the metal container and is already sealed with respect to the environment, without the energy storage cell having already been completely manufactured and the cover finally being cohesively bonded to the metal container is connected, reliably handled or transported, for example to the subsequent production station tion can be passed without phase change material being lost or the desired pressure to be set within the energy storage cell being changed or lost.
- the expression “temporarily” can be understood, for example, to mean that the metal container is temporarily gas-tight by means of the lid, at least until the subsequent material connection production step. Furthermore, the expression “temporarily” can be understood to mean that the gas-tightness achieved in the production state is not suitable or sufficient for the generic use of the energy storage cell, but is limited to handling or transport steps or periods during the production of the energy storage cell.
- a fit between the cover and the metal container can be selected in such a way that phase change material is prevented from escaping from the metal container.
- the outer dimensions of the lid can be oversized in relation to the inner dimensions of the metal container.
- the cover it is also possible for the cover to be pressed onto the metal container, in particular pressed into it. In general, it can be said that in the intermediate production state there is a circumferential or peripheral gap, in particular an air gap, between the lid and the metal container of less than 0.01 mm.
- the particularly gap-free abutting of the lid and metal container that is achieved in this way prevents phase change material from escaping from the container and/or entry of air into the interior of the metal container even in the intermediate production state, in particular to maintain a desired pressure ratio inside the metal container.
- the cover and the metal container are connected to one another by means of welding, in particular by means of laser welding.
- Welding, in particular laser welding has proven to be particularly advantageous and effective for generic metal energy storage cells, on the one hand to ensure low production costs, especially in mass production, and on the other hand to achieve the imperatively required tightness, in particular gas-tightness, with respect to the environment.
- the lid is pre-positioned in the metal container in such a way that the lid and the metal container merge flush into one another.
- the cover can be pressed with the metal container, in particular pressed into it.
- the lid can be accommodated within the metal container, in particular in such a way that an externally mentioned transition between metal container and lid occurs flush, step-free, without projections, without edges and/or continuously.
- a particularly good weld seam in particular a laser weld seam, can be generated.
- the open end of the metal container has a circumferential edge which is oriented in the longitudinal direction and faces the surroundings.
- the metal container has a rotational shape, in particular a hollow cylindrical shape.
- the peripheral edge can then form an annular surface.
- the cover can be adapted in shape with respect to the peripheral edge in such a way that a circumferential, flush transition is formed between the cover and the peripheral edge.
- the lid can have a flat base and an annular rim adjoining the base and protruding from the base, which is adapted to rest against the inner contour of the metal container and serves to be welded to the metal container.
- the lid it is possible for the lid to have a disk shape that can be flat, so that there is an end face of the metal container that extends along the entire width, i.e. transversely to the longitudinal extent of the elongated metal container, with a transition between the lid and metal container running all the way around or is continuously flush in the circumferential direction, free of projections and/or edges.
- an energy storage cell which can be designed, for example, according to one of the aspects and/or embodiments described above.
- the energy storage cell according to the invention comprises an elongate metal container which delimits a cavity.
- the metal container can be made or manufactured from metal. Aluminum, brass, steel or copper and alloys thereof are used as metals, for example. Metals are inexpensive and easy to process.
- metals have a high thermal conductivity. This allowed a re- fast-action energy storage cell can be created. Due to the increased thermal conductivity of metal, in particular compared to the previously used plastic material, the phase change material reacted significantly faster, in particular more sensitively, to temperature changes in the liquid surrounding and/or flowing around the metal container.
- the metal container can have a wall that delimits a cavity, preferably a storage space, with the wall in particular serving to separate and/or shield the cavity from its surroundings.
- the metal container is generally not limited to any particular shape and/or geometry.
- the metal container can be designed to be fluid-tight with respect to the environment in such a way that no liquid from the environment can enter the interior of the metal container and/or no materials arranged inside the metal container, such as phase change materials, can escape into the environment.
- Phase change material is arranged in the cavity.
- Phase change materials are generally materials that can store much of the thermal energy input to them in the form of latent heat.
- Latent heat is the enthalpy absorbed or released during a first-order phase transition. This means that phase change materials can store a high proportion of heat and/or cold energy and release it again as heat, phase-shifted, as required.
- Phase change materials have the advantage of being able to store very large amounts of heat in a small temperature range around the phase change, for example from solid to liquid or vice versa, gaseous to solid, or vice versa, or from gaseous to liquid.
- Phase change materials are based on the utilization of the phase transformation enthalpy, for example during the solid-liquid phase transition (solidification-melting), or vice versa.
- Phase change materials can include, for example, salts, e.g. Glauber's salt, sodium acetate, or inorganic compounds, e.g. paraffins, fatty acids, or the like.
- Other exemplary phase change materials are water or metallic phase change materials such as an aluminum silicon alloy.
- the phase change material can be selected or set in such a way that it carries out an endothermic reaction when heat is supplied and an exothermic reaction when heat is removed.
- An endothermic reaction is generally understood to mean a reaction in which energy, for example in the form of heat, is absorbed from the environment.
- the Exothermic reaction denotes the opposite, in which energy, for example in the form of heat, is given off to the environment, namely the liquid.
- the absorption and release of energy and/or the phase change can be reversible or repeated as often as desired.
- the phase change material can be selected and/or adjusted in such a way that it carries out an endothermic reaction when heat is supplied and an exothermic reaction when heat is dissipated.
- the endothermic and the exothermic reaction can be reversible.
- the advantage of the energy storage cell is that it can be used not just once but repeatedly, ie after the absorbed and stored energy has been released, it can absorb and store energy again.
- the phase change material can assume at least two phases. Furthermore, the phase change material can be set up to absorb energy during a phase change from the first to the second phase and to release energy during a reverse phase change from the second to the first phase, and/or to convert reversibly between the at least two phases.
- the energy storage cell according to the invention is set up to absorb and store energy from a liquid surrounding and/or flowing around the energy storage cell and to release the stored energy in particular to the liquid at a predetermined operating point, in particular at a predetermined temperature of the liquid.
- the liquid can be water, oil or the like.
- the metal container is made of a corrosion- and/or salt- and/or chemical-resistant metal, in particular a noble metal or stainless steel, for example chrome-nickel steel. It has been found that resistance to the phase change material arranged inside the metal container as well as resistance to the liquid surrounding and/or flowing around the metal container may be required. The materials specified have proven to be suitable in this regard.
- the metal container has at least one open end, which is closed in a gas-tight manner by means of a cover.
- the cover is shaped in such a way that the cover becomes increasingly wedged with the metal container when it is axially inserted, in particular pressed in, into the cavity.
- the metal container has a rotationally symmetrical shape.
- the metal container can have a peripheral wall which delimits the cavity transversely to the longitudinal extent of the metal container.
- a normal force acting between the lid and the metal container which acts perpendicularly on the metal container and/or the lid, increases progressively.
- This can ensure that the metal container is already sealed gas-tight when the lid is inserted into the metal container, in particular without the metal container and the lid already being finally bonded to one another, in particular welded, in particular laser-welded.
- phase change material cannot escape from the metal container into the environment. In this way, the metal container which has not yet been completed can be handled and transported in a simple manner, with loss of the phase change material being ruled out.
- the cover comprises a flat base and an annular rim adjoining the base, which is shaped such that the annular rim increasingly wedges with a peripheral wall of the metal container when it is axially inserted into the cavity.
- the annular rim can be connected to the flat base via a predetermined bending or buckling point, relative to which the annular rim is bent during axial insertion, in particular pressing into the metal container, in particular as a result of the normal force acting between the peripheral wall and the annular rim.
- the annular edge protrudes from the plane base in the longitudinal direction of the metal container and is oriented in an angle range of 1 ° to 5°, in particular 3 ° , with respect to the longitudinal axis of the metal container.
- an outer diameter of the ring edge decreases continuously in the direction of the base.
- the ring edge viewed alone can, for example, have the shape of a truncated cone, with a longitudinal dimension of the truncated cone being dimensioned significantly smaller than its dimension transversely thereto.
- the cover has the shape of a truncated cone.
- the cover can be formed as a flat disk, with a peripheral disk wall being curved, so that a particularly peripheral cone shell results.
- the surrounding cone envelope of the lid can be oriented in an angular range of 1 ° to 5°, in particular 3°, with respect to the longitudinal axis of the lid .
- an external dimension of the lid is oversized in relation to an internal dimension of the metal container. In this way, on the one hand, the metal container can be sealed tightly and, on the other hand, a wedging between the lid and the metal container can be formed, which can further increase the tightness. For example, there is an oversize in the range of 0.04mm to 0.08mm.
- an energy storage cell which can be formed, for example, according to one of the aspects described above or exemplary embodiments.
- the energy storage cell includes an elongated, hollow metal canister having phase change material disposed therein and having at least one open end.
- the metal container can be made or manufactured from metal. Aluminum, brass, steel or copper and alloys thereof are used as metals, for example. Metals are inexpensive and easy to process. In the case of the metal containers according to the invention, it has proven to be advantageous that metals have a high thermal conductivity. This made it possible to create a fast-reacting energy storage cell. Due to the increased thermal conductivity of metal, in particular compared to the previously used plastic material, the phase change material reacted significantly faster, in particular more sensitively, to temperature changes in the liquid surrounding and/or flowing around the metal container. Because the thermal conductivity of metals is generally 10 to 1000 times higher than the thermal conductivity of plastics, the phase change material can react faster by this factor to temperature changes in the liquid.
- the metal container can have a wall that delimits a cavity, preferably a storage space, with the wall in particular serving to separate and/or shield the cavity from its surroundings.
- the metal container is generally not limited to any particular shape and/or geometry.
- the metal container can be designed to be fluid-tight with respect to the environment in such a way that no liquid from the environment can enter the interior of the metal container and/or no materials arranged inside the metal container, such as phase change materials, can escape into the environment.
- Phase change materials are generally materials that can store much of the thermal energy input to them in the form of latent heat. Latent heat is the enthalpy absorbed or released during a first-order phase transition.
- phase change materials can store a high proportion of heat and/or cold energy and release it again as heat, phase-shifted, as required.
- Phase change materials have the advantage of being able to store very large amounts of heat in a small temperature range around the phase change, for example from solid to liquid or vice versa, gaseous to solid, or vice versa, or from gaseous to liquid.
- Phase change materials, or their energy storage capacities are based on the utilization of the phase transformation enthalpy, for example during the solid-liquid phase transition (solidification-melting), or vice versa.
- Phase change materials can include, for example, salts, e.g. Glauber's salt, sodium acetate, or inorganic compounds, e.g. paraffins, fatty acids, or the like.
- phase change materials are water or metallic phase change materials such as an aluminum silicon alloy.
- the phase change material can be selected or set in such a way that it carries out an endothermic reaction when heat is supplied and an exothermic reaction when heat is removed.
- An endothermic reaction is generally understood to mean a reaction in which energy, for example in the form of heat, is absorbed from the environment.
- the exothermic reaction denotes the opposite, in which energy, for example in the form of heat, is given off to the environment, namely the liquid.
- the absorption and release of energy and/or the phase change can be reversible or repeated as often as desired.
- the phase change material can be selected and/or adjusted in such a way that it carries out an endothermic reaction when heat is supplied and an exothermic reaction when heat is dissipated.
- the endothermic and the exothermic reaction can be reversible.
- the advantage of the energy storage cell is that it can be used not just once but repeatedly, ie after the absorbed and stored energy has been released, it can absorb and store energy again.
- the phase change material can assume at least two phases.
- the phase change material can be set up to absorb energy during a phase change from the first to the second phase and to emit energy during a reverse phase change from the second to the first phase, and/or to convert reversibly between the at least two phases.
- the inventive energy storage cell set up to absorb and store energy from a liquid surrounding and/or flowing around the energy storage cell and to release the stored energy in particular to the liquid at a predetermined operating point, in particular at a predetermined temperature of the liquid.
- the liquid can be water, oil or the like.
- the metal container is made of a corrosion-resistant and/or salt-resistant and/or chemical-resistant metal, in particular a precious metal or stainless steel, for example chrome-nickel steel. It has been found that resistance to the phase change material arranged inside the metal container as well as resistance to the liquid surrounding and/or flowing around the metal container may be required. The materials specified have proven to be suitable in this regard.
- the open end is sealed gas-tight with a cover by means of press joining.
- the inventors of the present invention have found that the tried-and-tested press-joining technique is very well suited for the energy storage cells according to the invention, in order to ensure adequate tightness of the metal container in a manner that is simple and cost-effective in terms of production technology and is also suitable for mass production. which prevents both the phase change material from escaping from the metal container into the environment and the entry of air and/or water from the environment into the interior of the metal container.
- the cover is sleeve-shaped, in particular as a press sleeve, and/or pushed telescopically onto the metal container and firmly connected to the metal container by means of press joining.
- the lid in particular the compression sleeve, can be provided with a sealing element in order to strengthen the seal between the metal container and the lid.
- the sleeve defines an opening into which the metal receptacle is inserted.
- the inner dimension of the sleeve wall can be adapted with respect to an outer dimension of the metal container, in particular in such a way that there is a gap, in particular an air gap, between the metal container and the sleeve of less than 0.01 mm.
- a press fit can be set between the inner dimension of the socket and the outer dimension of the metal container.
- a circumferential, axial pressing length between the lid and the metal container is at least 10%, in particular at least 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% or at least 40% of a total longitudinal dimension of the metal container.
- the metal container is closed at one end.
- the metal container has a cup shape.
- the cup-shaped metal container is sealed gas-tight at the opposite end by means of the lid.
- the metal container can be designed to be open at both ends, in particular have a tubular shape and can be sealed gas-tight at both open ends by means of a cover each.
- the attachment of the lid and metal container for gas-tight sealing of the respective open ends of the metal container can be carried out according to one of the aspects described above or exemplary embodiments.
- the energy storage cell according to the invention is therefore not limited to a specific form of raw material, but can be produced on the basis of a tubular or cup-shaped starting material.
- an energy store in particular an accumulator system
- the energy store can be set up, for example, to absorb and store the excess energy in the event of excess energy, and to release it again when required.
- the energy store is rechargeable and/or designed as an accumulator.
- the energy store comprises a tank which is closed off in a fluid-tight manner and is at least partially filled with a liquid, such as water, oil or the like.
- the liquid essentially serves as an energy carrier or energy receiver from which or to which energy is released or transferred.
- At least one energy storage cell preferably a large number, in particular several hundreds or thousands, of energy storage cells is arranged in the tank, which are designed according to one of the aspects or exemplary embodiments described above.
- a method for producing an energy storage cell designed in particular according to one of the aspects described above or exemplary embodiments is provided.
- an elongate, hollow metal container open at at least one end and a lid for closing the open end can be provided.
- exemplary designs of the metal container and lid reference is made to the previous statements.
- an elongate, hollow metal container is sealed gas-tight at at least one open end by means of a cover in that the cover is first pressed into the metal container and the cover is then bonded to the metal container.
- One advantage of the method according to the invention is, among other things, that the energy storage cell is already in an intermediate production state, in which the phase change material is accommodated in the metal container and is already sealed with respect to the environment, without the energy storage cell having already been completely manufactured and the cover finally being materially bonded to the metal container is connected, reliably handled or transported, for example handed over to the subsequent production station, without phase change material being lost or the pressure to be set within the energy storage cell being changed or lost.
- an elongate, hollow metal container open at at least one end and a lid for closing the open end can be provided.
- a lid is progressively wedged into an elongate, hollow metal case to seal the metal case in a gas-tight manner.
- the wedging can ensure, among other things, that already when the lid is inserted into the metal container, in particular without the metal container and the lid already being finally bonded to one another, in particular welded, in particular laser-welded, the metal container is already sealed in a gas-tight manner.
- the method is set up to produce an energy storage cell according to one of the aspects described above or exemplary embodiments.
- FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of an energy storage cell according to the invention
- FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of the energy storage cell according to FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 shows a detailed view of a detail III from FIG. 2;
- FIG. 4 shows a sectional view of a further exemplary embodiment of an energy storage cell according to the invention.
- an energy storage cell 1 is generally given the reference number 1 .
- the energy storage cell i is made of a corrosion-resistant metal, for example.
- the energy storage cell 1 comprises the following main components: A hollow-cylindrical metal container 3, which according to the exemplary embodiments of Figures 1 to 3 is open on one side and thus forms a cup shape and, according to the exemplary embodiments in FIG. 4, is open on both sides and has a tubular shape; and a cover 5, by means of which the at least one open end of the metal container 3 is sealed in a gas-tight manner.
- FIG. 2 shows the exemplary embodiment of a first embodiment of an energy storage cell 1 according to the invention as shown in FIG. 1 in a sectional view.
- the metal container 3 which comprises an open end 9 and an opposite bottom 11 viewed in relation to the longitudinal direction L, has a peripheral metal container wall 13 , which is made in particular in one piece and delimits a cavity 7 .
- the metal wall has a constant wall thickness, for example.
- Phase change material (not shown) is arranged within the cavity 7 .
- the cavity 7 can, for example, be filled with phase change material between 40% and 60%, with the filling quantity being able to be adjusted depending on the phase change material to be selected.
- the cover 5 is made in one piece and has a constant wall thickness.
- the lid 5 comprises a flat, disc-shaped base 15 and an adjoining annular edge 17 which extends essentially in the direction of the longitudinal axis L and is designed to come into contact with an inner side 19 of the metal container wall 13 .
- the lid 5, in particular its annular edge 17, and the metal container 3 are flush with one another or merge into one another flush. In other words, there is a continuous transition 21 between the ring edge 17 and the axial end section of the metal container wall 13 without any steps or transitions.
- the edge of the ring can be shaped slightly like a truncated cone or oriented in its longitudinal extension with respect to the longitudinal axis L at an acute angle in the range of 1 ° to 5°, in particular of about 3 ° .
- the lid 5 and casing 3 are pushed into one another in an axial, telescoping manner, the lid 5, in particular its annular edge 17, increasingly wedges itself with the metal container wall 13. This is also achieved, among other things, by the fact that an outer dimension of the annular edge 17 is oversized with respect to an inner dimension of the metal container wall 13 is. Accordingly, the lid 15 is pressed into the metal container 3 .
- this has the advantage that an intermediate production state is already reached, which already has an exit of the phase change material from the metal container 3 is prevented. Furthermore, the fact that the cover 5 and the metal container 3 rest against one another, in particular essentially without a gap, provides an optimal prerequisite for the subsequent material connection, in particular welding, such as laser welding.
- the cover 5 can be dimensioned and/or designed in such a way that when it is pressed axially into the metal container 3, the annular edge 17 changes its orientation in relation to the longitudinal axis L in that it bends in relation to a predetermined buckling point connecting the annular edge 17 to the base 15. or bending point 23 is bent radially inwards.
- the metal container 33 is made of a material with a higher modulus of elasticity than the material of the lid 5 .
- FIG. 4 shows an alternative embodiment of an exemplary energy storage cell 1 according to the invention. In order to avoid repetition, the differences arising in relation to the previous embodiment are essentially discussed.
- the metal container 3 has a rotational tubular shape, which has to be sealed gas-tight on both sides to form the energy storage cell.
- covers 5 are rotary press sleeves, which are placed radially on the outside of the metal container and are rigidly attached to one another by means of press joining to seal off the container in a gas-tight manner.
- the lid 5 arranged on the metal container 3 the latter has an annular bead 27 protruding in the radial direction, ie transversely to the direction of longitudinal extension L, in the annular space 29 of which a sealing ring 31 is arranged.
- An axial circumferential pressing length is provided with the reference symbol a in Figure 4 and is approximately 20% to 25% of a total extension of the metal container 3.
- the pressing sleeve 5 according to Figure 4 comprises a cap-like shape with a closed cap base 33, which is essentially perpendicular to Longitudinal direction L is oriented and at an axial distance in the longitudinal direction L with respect to one respective front end 35 of the metal container 3 is arranged.
- the cap base 33 transitions into a pressing jacket 39 which extends parallel to the longitudinal direction L and thus to the metal container wall 13 and on which the pressing length a is measured.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
- Pressure Vessels And Lids Thereof (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202180083893.9A CN116615632A (zh) | 2019-03-08 | 2021-07-22 | 储能单元、储能装置和用于生产储能单元的方法 |
EP21758054.7A EP4241033A1 (de) | 2019-03-08 | 2021-07-22 | Energiespeicherzelle, energiespeicher sowie verfahren zum herstellen einer energiespeicherzelle |
AU2021374729A AU2021374729A1 (en) | 2019-03-08 | 2021-07-22 | Energy storage cell, energy storage device, and method for producing an energy storage cell |
CA3198780A CA3198780A1 (en) | 2019-03-08 | 2021-07-22 | Energy storage cell, energy storage device and method of manufacturing an energy storage cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102019105988.7A DE102019105988A1 (de) | 2019-03-08 | 2019-03-08 | Energiespeicherzelle, Energiespeicher sowie Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Energiespeicherzelle |
DE102020129089.6A DE102020129089A1 (de) | 2019-03-08 | 2020-11-04 | Energiespeicherzelle, Energiespeicher sowie Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Energiespeicherzelle |
DE102020129089.6 | 2020-11-04 |
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WO2022096166A1 true WO2022096166A1 (de) | 2022-05-12 |
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PCT/EP2020/056212 WO2020182725A1 (de) | 2019-03-08 | 2020-03-09 | Energiespeicherzelle, energiespeicher sowie verfahren zum herstellen einer energiespeicherzelle |
PCT/EP2021/070586 WO2022096166A1 (de) | 2019-03-08 | 2021-07-22 | Energiespeicherzelle, energiespeicher sowie verfahren zum herstellen einer energiespeicherzelle |
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PCT/EP2020/056212 WO2020182725A1 (de) | 2019-03-08 | 2020-03-09 | Energiespeicherzelle, energiespeicher sowie verfahren zum herstellen einer energiespeicherzelle |
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Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP4241033A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN116615632A (de) |
AU (1) | AU2021374729A1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA3198780A1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE102019105988A1 (de) |
WO (2) | WO2020182725A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
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DE102019105988A1 (de) * | 2019-03-08 | 2020-09-10 | Ruag Ammotec Ag | Energiespeicherzelle, Energiespeicher sowie Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Energiespeicherzelle |
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2020
- 2020-03-09 WO PCT/EP2020/056212 patent/WO2020182725A1/de active Application Filing
- 2020-11-04 DE DE102020129089.6A patent/DE102020129089A1/de active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-07-22 EP EP21758054.7A patent/EP4241033A1/de active Pending
- 2021-07-22 WO PCT/EP2021/070586 patent/WO2022096166A1/de active Application Filing
- 2021-07-22 AU AU2021374729A patent/AU2021374729A1/en active Pending
- 2021-07-22 CA CA3198780A patent/CA3198780A1/en active Pending
- 2021-07-22 CN CN202180083893.9A patent/CN116615632A/zh active Pending
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP4241033A1 (de) | 2023-09-13 |
CN116615632A (zh) | 2023-08-18 |
AU2021374729A1 (en) | 2023-06-22 |
CA3198780A1 (en) | 2022-05-12 |
DE102020129089A1 (de) | 2021-09-09 |
WO2020182725A1 (de) | 2020-09-17 |
DE102019105988A1 (de) | 2020-09-10 |
AU2021374729A9 (en) | 2024-06-27 |
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