WO2022088454A1 - 模拟复杂地质条件下隧道开挖渗流变化的试验系统及方法 - Google Patents
模拟复杂地质条件下隧道开挖渗流变化的试验系统及方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022088454A1 WO2022088454A1 PCT/CN2020/138899 CN2020138899W WO2022088454A1 WO 2022088454 A1 WO2022088454 A1 WO 2022088454A1 CN 2020138899 W CN2020138899 W CN 2020138899W WO 2022088454 A1 WO2022088454 A1 WO 2022088454A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/40—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for geology
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of geotechnical engineering, in particular to a test system and method for simulating changes in tunnel excavation seepage under complex geological conditions.
- geological exploration work in the early stage of construction is difficult to find out the hydrogeological conditions along the tunnel, resulting in many geological disasters during the tunnel construction, such as rock bursts, landslides, gas outbursts, water and mud inrush, etc.
- geological disasters during the tunnel construction such as rock bursts, landslides, gas outbursts, water and mud inrush, etc.
- water and mud inrush disaster is one of the main geological disasters in tunnel construction.
- a test system for simulating seepage changes in tunnel excavation under complex geological conditions including a test box, a ground stress loading unit is set on the top of the test box, test materials can be set inside the test box, and holes are set on each side of the circumference of the test box, some of which are used for In the simulation of tunnel excavation, some holes are set with plugs or hollow plugs, which can simulate different geological water-bearing structures.
- a water tank is set on the side of the test box, and the test box is set with a water inlet connected to the water tank; hollow plugs and the water adding tanks are respectively connected with the osmotic pressure loading unit.
- the top cover of the test box is installed on the top of the box.
- the top cover of the test box has a circular through hole, and non-through bolt holes are set around the circular through hole in the top cover of the test box to fix the ground stress loading unit.
- the bottom of the box is installed Removable baffle. The setting of the detachable baffle is conducive to cleaning materials after the test is completed.
- the top cover of the test chamber and the detachable baffle are both sealed and connected to the box body, which can be sealed by bolts.
- the box is provided with a plurality of sensor holes for the extraction of a plurality of sensor wires set in the test material in the test box, and the sensor wires pass through in turn
- the sensor hole, annular rubber gasket, and hollow screw are led out of the test box.
- the in-situ stress loading unit includes a jack, the jack is fixed on the top of the test box, and the top of the jack is provided with a displacement meter, and the displacement meter is used for monitoring
- the displacement of the jack during the in-situ stress loading process can indirectly reflect the vertical deformation of the test material in the box during the application of the in-situ stress.
- the pressure plate is set on the top of the test material in the test box, the pressure plate is set under the top cover of the test box, and the loading end of the jack passes through the test
- the top cover of the box is in contact with the pressure plate, and a plurality of hemispherical bearing structures are arranged on the upper surface of the pressure plate.
- the hydraulic loading device includes a water storage tank and an air tank, the air tank is connected to the water storage tank, and the water storage tank is connected to the described water storage tank through a water outlet pipeline.
- the hollow plug and/or the described water tank are respectively connected;
- Multi-layer osmotic pressure sensors are embedded along the different heights of the test chamber specimens according to the test requirements to monitor the seepage pressure at different positions, and multi-layer pressure sensors are embedded along the different heights of the test chamber specimens according to the test requirements to monitor the in-situ stress at different positions.
- the control unit is also separately connected with the ground stress loading unit and the osmotic pressure loading unit.
- the present invention also provides a test method for a test system for simulating changes in tunnel excavation seepage flow under complex geological conditions, including the following contents:
- holes are set on the side of the test box to realize multi-angle excavation of the tunnel, and with the hollow plug, the simulation of single or multiple geological water-bearing structures (karst caves) can be realized; by changing the excavation method and the geological water-bearing structure
- the location and burial depth of the structure can simulate the influence laws of tunnel excavation and different spatial locations of geological water-bearing structures.
- the setting of the detachable baffle plate can facilitate the cleaning of the test materials in the test chamber after the test is completed, and the setting of the top cover of the test chamber can facilitate the ground stress loading unit to apply the ground stress to the test chamber.
- the present invention sets a plurality of sensor holes through the box body, and cooperates with hollow screws and annular rubber sheets to realize the sealing of various types of sensors when entering and leaving the box body.
- the sealing of the sensor wire through the box can be achieved by squeezing the annular rubber gasket during the screwing process of the hollow screw.
- the present invention can not only block the holes of the test box, but also communicate with the osmotic pressure loading unit by setting the hollow plug, so as to supply water to the test material in the box, and realize the simulation of various forms of water-containing structures.
- water inlet holes are arranged on three sides of the box through the setting of the water tank, so that the groundwater can be uniformly loaded and a seepage field consistent with the actual deep geological conditions can be formed.
- the present invention adjusts the connection mode of the water outlet pipelines between the hydraulic loading devices through the arrangement of multiple groups of hydraulic loading devices, which can not only realize the independent loading of each side of the test box, but also realize the simultaneous loading of multiple sides.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram 1 of a test chamber in a test system for simulating changes in tunnel excavation seepage flow under complex geological conditions according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.
- Fig. 6(a) is a schematic diagram of a box in a test system for simulating changes in tunnel excavation seepage flow under complex geological conditions according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a plug in a test system for simulating changes in seepage flow in tunnel excavation under complex geological conditions according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a hollow screw in a test system for simulating changes in tunnel excavation seepage under complex geological conditions according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an in-situ stress loading unit in a test system for simulating changes in tunnel excavation seepage under complex geological conditions according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a data acquisition unit in a test system for simulating changes in tunnel excavation seepage flow under complex geological conditions according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.
- FIG. 14( a ) is a schematic diagram of a box in a simulation implementation in a test system for simulating changes in tunnel excavation seepage flow under complex geological conditions according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.
- Fig. 14(b) is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of section a of Fig. 14(a).
- Terminology explanation part the terms "installation”, “connection”, “connection”, “fixation” and other terms in the present invention should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated; It can be a mechanical connection, it can also be an electrical connection, it can be a direct connection, it can also be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, it can be an internal connection between two elements, or an interaction relationship between two elements, for those of ordinary skill in the art. , the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.
- a test system for simulating seepage changes in tunnel excavation under complex geological conditions includes a test box 1 , an in-situ stress loading unit 2 , a seepage loading unit 3 , and data Collection unit 4.
- the test box includes a box body, and the top of the box body is provided with a test box top cover, wherein the test box 1 is placed on the base 10, and the base 10 is equipped with a movable ladder, which is convenient for the experimenter to operate and pass the test after the test.
- the detachable baffle 6 is arranged at the bottom of the test box. After the test, the test material is removed downward by opening the detachable baffle 6.
- a circular top cover hole 14 is arranged in the middle of the top cover 5 of the test box, and evenly arranged non-through bolt holes 11 are arranged around the top cover hole, and the non-through bolt holes 11 are used for the ground stress loading unit. 2 is fixed with the test box top cover 5 bolts. After the test box top cover 5 is connected with the box body, the reaction force frame of the test system can be formed. The through-bolt holes 12 evenly arranged around the test box top cover are used.
- a rubber groove 13 is provided around the top cover of the test box on the inner side of the through bolt hole 12. The rubber groove can be provided with a sealing strip. The sealing strip is a rubber ring.
- the test chamber top cover 5 can be sealed by providing a squeeze through the bolts.
- the detachable baffle 6 in the test box uses the hinge structure 15 to control the opening and closing of the cave door, which is convenient for cleaning and slag of the test material after the test is completed.
- the detachable baffle 6 has the top of the test box.
- the same rubber groove and through bolt holes of the cover 5 are also fixed to the box body 7 by bolts, and a sealing strip is provided through the rubber groove to seal the test box.
- FIG. 6(a) and 6(b) there are circular holes in the center of the four sides of the box, specifically the box hole 18, which can realize multi-angle excavation of the tunnel, and cooperate with plugs. 8 and the hollow plug 9, which can realize the simulation of single or multiple geological water-bearing structures (karst caves).
- the front box holes are used as tunnel excavation holes, and the box holes 18 on both sides are blocked with plugs 8, and the back
- the hole in the box is connected to the hollow plug 9 to simulate a water-containing structure.
- the plug 8 is a conventional plug, and a sealing ring is arranged between the plug 8 and the box to form a structure similar to a mechanical flange.
- the extrusion can effectively block the hole in the box where the plug is located.
- bolt holes that do not penetrate the box body are annularly arranged around the box body hole 18 in the center of the four sides of the box body, and the plug 8 and the hollow plug 9 are fixed on the box body 7 by bolts, so as to realize the sealing of the box body 7 .
- an annular rubber is arranged between the two, and the four box holes 18 are sealed by extrusion.
- a row of sensor holes 19 is drilled in the upper part of the box body 7, the rubber gasket is arranged on the outside of the sensor hole, the center of the rubber gasket is provided with an opening, and one end of the hollow screw is connected with the sensor hole with the rubber gasket, so that the sensor lines are arranged in sequence Passing through the sensor hole 19 , the rubber gasket and the hollow screw 24 , screwing the hollow screw on the box body and squeezing the rubber gasket can realize the sealing of the sensor line passing through the box body 7 .
- the rectangular water tank 20 can store a certain amount of fluid, and the fluid enters the test material through the evenly arranged water inlet holes 21 to achieve uniform loading of groundwater and form a groundwater seepage field consistent with the actual geological conditions.
- the loading device 3 performs loading, water enters the box 7 through the water inlet 22 , and the internal air is discharged through the air outlet 23 .
- the plug is a cylinder, the outer diameter of the plug is increased, and an annular plate with a diameter larger than the cylinder of the plug is set where the diameter of the plug becomes smaller, and the annular plate is provided with multiple bolt holes for the same box. body connection.
- the front section of the hollow plug 9 is a conical structure
- the middle part is a cylindrical structure with an O-shaped rubber ring 39
- a through hole 38 is provided in the middle of the hollow plug.
- Coarse-grained materials such as sand are arranged around the conical structure, and the water pressure can be uniformly loaded into the water-containing structure through the coarse-grained structure.
- the O-shaped rubber ring can be used to spread the glue around the center, which can be realized by the O-shaped rubber ring 39.
- an annular plate with a size larger than the cylindrical structure is arranged between the cylindrical structure of the hollow plug and the rear section, and the annular plate is used for connection with the box body.
- the hollow screw is a structural member that penetrates through the middle in the axial direction, and the diameter of the hollow screw is reduced relative to the other end of the head, so that it is convenient to pass through the sensor hole and connect at the same time.
- the ground stress loading unit 2 includes a hydraulic station 27 , a jack 25 , and a pressure feeding plate 28 .
- the loading of ground stress is mainly realized by the hydraulic station 27.
- the jack 25 is fixed on the top cover 5 of the test box through the top cover round hole by high-strength bolts, which is convenient for disassembly and replacement.
- the stroke of the jack 25 is controlled by an oil pressure control pipeline.
- the top of the jack 25 is provided with a displacement gauge 26, which is used to monitor the displacement of the jack 25 during the ground stress loading process, which can indirectly reflect the vertical deformation of the test material of the model soil during the test.
- the sealed loading end of the jack 25 and the pressure supply plate 28 are sealed in the box body 7 to realize loading in water.
- the sealing of the upper end of the test box is realized by the top cover 5 and the box body 7 of the test box. way to prevent seal failure induced by loading displacement in the design.
- the osmotic loading unit 3 includes an air storage tank 32 , a water inlet pipeline 31 and a hydraulic loading device 29 .
- the water pressure loading device 29 includes a magnetic flowmeter 30, a pressure gauge 34 and a water storage tank 33.
- the osmotic pressure loading unit 3 can be controlled manually or automatically by a microcomputer, and the water pressure value of the water pump during the test is automatically recorded. Export with normal external storage.
- the hydraulic loading device 29 uses two water storage tanks 33 connected in series for loading. By adjusting the water inlet pipeline 31, alternate loading of the two water tanks 33, supplementary water volume and continuous loading of water pressure can be achieved.
- Each hydraulic loading device Both are equipped with a magnetic flow meter 30 and a pressure gauge 34 to record the flow and pressure of the water pressure.
- the water inlet pipe is set with switches, and the air inlet pipe and the gas outlet pipe of the gas storage tank are respectively set with switches, and each switch is separately connected to the controller.
- the controller can be a PLC controller or other types of controllers.
- the magnetic flowmeter 30 and the pressure gauge 34 are separately connected.
- the data acquisition unit 4 includes a testing system 35 , an osmotic pressure sensor 36 and a pressure sensor 37 .
- the osmotic pressure sensor 36 and the pressure sensor 37 are separately connected to the control unit of the test system.
- the control unit can be a computer, and the controller of the osmotic pressure loading unit is connected to the control unit.
- the control unit is also connected to the osmotic pressure loading unit and the ground stress loading unit. Connect separately; the pressure sensor and the osmotic pressure sensor are respectively installed inside the test material according to the test requirements, and the lines of the pressure sensor and the osmotic pressure sensor enter and exit the box 7 through the hollow screw 24.
- a plurality of osmotic pressure sensors are arranged in section a, at least two pressure sensors are arranged in section b, and a plurality of pressure sensors are arranged in the transverse centerline of section a
- osmotic pressure sensor multiple osmotic pressure sensors are set on the vertical center line, and four osmotic pressure sensors are set on the circle with the center of the box as the center (the osmotic pressure sensor is also set at the center of the circle), and the radius is set; section b
- Two pressure sensors are arranged on the middle transverse centerline, the pressure sensor 36 is used to monitor the loading condition of the in-situ stress, and the seepage pressure sensor 37 is used to monitor the change of the seepage pressure in the model body.
- the water pressure is provided by the osmotic pressure loading unit 3 on one side, and the water pressure is applied into the interior of the test material through the rectangular water filling tank 20 and the water inlet hole 21 .
- Different seepage pressures are provided by the seepage pressure loading unit 3 , and the distribution law of the seepage field of surrounding rock under the action of different seepage pressures is analyzed through the data collected by the seepage pressure sensor 37 .
- osmotic pressure sensors 37 and pressure sensors 36 are arranged alternately up and down.
- the water pressure is simulated by inserting the hollow plugs 9 into the left and rear box holes 18.
- the water pressure of the water-containing structure is provided by the osmotic pressure loading unit 3, and the tunnel excavation is realized through the front box holes 18.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
- 模拟复杂地质条件下隧道开挖渗流变化的试验系统,其特征在于,包括试验箱,试验箱顶部设置地应力加载单元,试验箱内部可设置试验材料,且试验箱周向各侧面分别设置孔洞,其中部分孔洞作为隧道开挖孔洞的模拟,部分孔洞处设置堵头或中空堵头,且试验箱的侧部设置加水箱,试验箱设置与加水箱连通的进水孔,中空堵头、加水箱分别与渗压加载单元连通。
- 根据权利要求1所述的模拟复杂地质条件下隧道开挖渗流变化的试验系统,其特征在于,所述试验箱包括箱体,箱体具有设定的高度,且箱体通过底座支撑,所述孔洞设于箱体侧面形成箱体孔洞;箱体顶部安装试验箱顶盖,箱体底部安装可拆卸式挡板,试验箱顶盖和可拆卸式挡板均与箱体密封连接。
- 根据权利要求2所述的模拟复杂地质条件下隧道开挖渗流变化的试验系统,其特征在于,所述箱体设置多个传感器孔。
- 根据权利要求2所述的模拟复杂地质条件下隧道开挖渗流变化的试验系统,其特征在于,在所述箱体外部固定所述的加水箱,加水箱与箱体具有共有面,所述进水孔均匀设于加水箱与箱体的共有面,加水箱上部设置排气孔、下部设置进水口。
- 根据权利要求1所述的模拟复杂地质条件下隧道开挖渗流变化的试验系统,其特征在于,所述中空堵头的前段为锥形结构,中部为附有橡胶圈的圆柱形结构,中空堵头内部中心设置贯通孔。
- 根据权利要求2所述的模拟复杂地质条件下隧道开挖渗流变化的试验系统,其特征在于,所述地应力加载单元包括千斤顶,千斤顶固定于所述试验箱的顶部,且千斤顶的顶端设置位移计;所述试验箱内试验材料的顶部上设置给压板,给压板设于试验箱顶盖的下方,给压板上表面设置多个半球形的承力结构,千斤顶的加载端穿过所述试验箱顶盖与给压板接触。
- 根据权利要求4所述的模拟复杂地质条件下隧道开挖渗流变化的试验系统,其特征在于,所述渗压加载单元包括水压加载装置,水压加载装置能够与所述的中空堵头和\或所述的加水箱分别连通;水压加载装置设置流量计和压力计。
- 根据权利要求7所述的模拟复杂地质条件下隧道开挖渗流变化的试验系统,其特征在于,所述水压加载装置包括储水罐和气罐,气罐与储水罐连接,储水罐通过出水 管路与所述的中空堵头和\或所述的加水箱分别连通;水压加载装置可设置多组,每一组设置两个储水罐,每一组水压加载装置均与所述试验箱每一侧面所述的中空堵头和\或加水箱连通。
- 根据权利要求1所述的模拟复杂地质条件下隧道开挖渗流变化的试验系统,其特征在于,还包括数据采集单元,数据采集单元包括设于所述箱体试件内的渗压传感器,和设于箱体内的压力传感器,渗压传感器、压力传感器分别与控制单元连接;沿着试验箱试件的不同高度依据试验需求埋设多层渗压传感器来监测不同位置的渗压;沿着试验箱试件的不同高度依据试验需求埋设多层压力传感器来监测不同位置的地应力;控制单元还与所述地应力加载单元和所述渗压加载单元分别单独连接。
- 根据权利要求9所述的模拟复杂地质条件下隧道开挖渗流变化的试验系统的试验方法,其特征在于,包括如下内容:在箱体内试验材料的不同截面设置渗压传感器和\或压力传感器,压力传感器用于监测地应力的加载情况,渗压传感器用于监测试验箱内渗流压力的变化;水压由渗压加载单元在试验箱的一侧提供;通过渗压加载单元提供不同的渗流压力,通过渗压传感器的采集的数据来分析不同渗流压力作用下围岩渗流场分布规律;或者,在试验材料不同断面设置渗压传感器和压力传感器,压力传感器用来监测地应力的加载情况,渗压传感器用来监测模型体内渗流压力的变化;通过将中空堵头插入试验箱部分孔洞来模拟含水结构,含水结构的水压由渗压加载单元提供;通过正面的孔洞来实现隧道开挖;通过分析渗压传感器和压力传感器采集的数据来分析隧道开挖过程中围岩的应力-渗流演化规律。
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| CN202011203667.3A CN112414915B (zh) | 2020-11-02 | 2020-11-02 | 模拟复杂地质条件下隧道开挖渗流变化的试验系统及方法 |
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