Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D1/00—Evaporating
  • B01D1/28—Evaporating with vapour compression
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D1/00—Evaporating
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D5/00—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation
  • B01D5/0057—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes
  • B01D5/006—Condensation of vapours; Recovering volatile solvents by condensation in combination with other processes with evaporation or distillation
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D9/00—Crystallisation
  • B01D9/0018—Evaporation of components of the mixture to be separated
  • B01D9/0031—Evaporation of components of the mixture to be separated by heating
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D9/00—Crystallisation
  • B01D9/0059—General arrangements of crystallisation plant, e.g. flow sheets
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D9/00—Crystallisation
  • B01D9/02—Crystallisation from solutions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
  • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
  • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
  • C02F1/041—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation by means of vapour compression
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/68—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
  • C02F2103/06—Contaminated groundwater or leachate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
  • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
  • C02F2303/10—Energy recovery

Definitions

• the group of inventions relates to the field of drinking water supply and, in particular, to the production of drinking water from sea water by its deep processing.
• a known method of desalination of sea water is given in the description of the operation of options for a reverse osmosis desalination plant [Description of the invention to the international application PCT WO201 1090399 dated 26.03.2010, IPC BOID 61/08, C02F 1/44, publ. 28.07.2011], which includes filtration of sea water to remove mechanical impurities of the supplied sea water, and separation of the sea water flow into demineralized and concentrated brine using a reverse osmosis process on a reverse osmosis membrane.
• this process is implemented as follows: a pump delivers sea water through a filter to the evaporator, where, due to bubbling with superheated steam, it is heated and thickened due to evaporation.
• the condensed brine is sent to the spray mold, where, under the action of superheated steam, water evaporates from the surface of the drops until the salts contained in the drops crystallize.
• Steam from the crystallizer is sent to the evaporator bubbler, after which the evaporator vapor is divided into two streams - one after compression and heating is sent to the bubbler, and the second to the condenser, in which demineralized water is formed in the form of condensate.
• the water obtained as a result of steam condensation in the condenser is completely demineralized and is not suitable for use as drinking water.
• the crystallization of salt by evaporation of water from the surface of the drops leads to the formation of a mixture of salts in the crystals that make up sea salt, which leads to the need to utilize the concentrated sea salt brine and discharge it into special storage tanks or back into the sea, which negatively affects the environmental situation of the natural environment. environment due to high salt content and high brine temperature.
• the task to be solved by the first invention of the group and the achieved technical result is to obtain water of drinking quality from sea water and reduce the impact on the environment due to its deep processing, eliminating the need for self-disposal of concentrated hot brines.
• a method for obtaining drinking water from sea water - including purification of sea water from insoluble impurities, separation of the sea water flow by evaporation into condensate and concentrated brine, vapor compression, crystallization to obtain crystals with their separation by filtration, evaporation of sea water is carried out to a concentration of supersaturation of sodium chloride with crystallization of sodium chloride and separating its crystals from the concentrate obtained during crystallization by filtration, and the concentrate freed from sodium chloride crystals is mixed with condensate, while vapor compression is carried out with its moistening to saturation, and evaporation is carried out by transferring the heat of condensation of the compressed and moistened vapor to sea water through the heat exchange surface.
• a reverse osmosis desalination module (two options) is known, including a filtration unit for mechanical impurities of the incoming sea water, a hydraulic drive and a reverse osmosis membrane [Description of the invention to the international application PCT WO2011090399 dated 26.03.2010, IPC B01D 61/08, C02F 1/44, publ. 28.07.201 1].
• the invention solves the problem of autonomy and compactness of the desalination module, as well as increasing its maintainability and reliability.
• the disadvantage of the desalination module is that during operation In reverse osmosis membranes, there is not only pure water at its outlet, but also concentrated brine (brine), the disposal of which leads to pollution of the environment by the salts and heat contained in the brine. In addition, the resulting pure water is completely demineralized and unsuitable for drinking.
• a desalination plant which includes a block for filtering mechanical impurities of the supplied sea water, a pump and an evaporator in the form of a bubbling chamber connected to it in series, a condenser connected to the evaporator with a condensate line, a steam compressor and a crystallizer connected to the evaporator with its input, the output of which is connected to a filtering device, steam source and other elements [Description of the utility model to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 81720 dated 12/16/2008, IPC C02F 1/04, publ. 03/27/2009 Bull. No. 9].
• the utility model solves the problem of obtaining distillate using a simple and reliable device. It is declared that there are no reverse discharges of solutions with high salinity and temperature into the environment and a decrease in heat emissions into the environment.
• the task to be solved by the second invention of the group and the achieved technical result also lies in obtaining drinking-quality water from sea water and reducing the impact on the environment due to its deep processing, which eliminates the need for independent disposal of concentrated hot brines.
• a device for obtaining drinking water from sea water - including a filtration unit mechanical impurities of the supplied sea water, a pump and an evaporator connected to it in series, a condenser with a condensate line, a steam compressor connected to the evaporator with its inlet and a crystallizer, the outlet of which is connected to a filtering device, and the steam source, the evaporator and the condenser have a common heat exchange surface provided with distribution device for sea water from the side of the evaporator, and the steam compressor is installed with its outlet at the inlet to the condenser and is equipped with a nozzle for supplying water to steam, and a heat exchanger is located at the outlet of the mechanical impurities filtration unit, while the crystallizer is equipped with a heat exchange surface, the heating side of which communicates with the source steam, and the filtering device is configured to filter out the salt concentrate, while the condensate line
• the filtering device is made in the form of a centrifuge
• a filter is installed between the evaporator and the crystallizer
• the nozzle for supplying water to the steam compressor communicates with the condensate line before it enters the heat exchanger;
• the steam source is made in the form of a steam compressor with its own water supply nozzle, while the compressor inlet is connected to the crystallizer volume from the side of the concentrated sea salt solution supply, and the water supply nozzle and the crystallizer volume from the steam supply side communicate with the condensate line before its entry into heat exchanger.
• the group of inventions is illustrated by a drawing, which schematically shows a method for obtaining drinking water from sea water using the example of the operation of the corresponding device.
• sea water has a specific chemical composition given in Table 1 (http://ctcmetar.ru/metallurgiya-magniya/8391 - prirodnye-rastvory-magnievyh-soley.html).
• Table 2 shows the ratios of chemical elements contained in the average sea water and human blood plasma in terms of dry matter, % (https://present5.com/presentation/38356841 437427902/image-15.
• sea water contains the entire periodic table in a small concentration. If excess sodium chloride is removed from sea water, then all trace elements will remain in it. The need for the human body of the entire spectrum of chemical elements is undeniable, man has lived and used these trace elements throughout his existence on earth, although science has not fully studied their effect on metabolism.
• the method for obtaining drinking water from sea water includes purification of sea water from insoluble mechanical impurities, separation of the sea water flow by evaporation into condensate (distilled water) and concentrated brine with a predominance of sodium chloride, vapor compression, crystallization to obtain crystals with their separation by filtration, while evaporation of sea water water is carried out to the concentration of supersaturation of sodium chloride with the crystallization of sodium chloride and the isolation of its crystals from the concentrate obtained during crystallization by filtration, and the concentrate freed from sodium chloride crystals, which is the salts necessary for the body, is mixed with condensate, resulting in a usable and useful drinking water, wherein the flash steam is compressed with its humidification to saturation, and the evaporation is carried out by transferring the heat of condensation of the compressed and moistened steam to sea water through the heat exchange surface.
• compression is performed, although not necessarily, with the entire amount evaporation, while sea water is heated before evaporation by exchanging heat with condensate, concentrated brine is filtered before crystallization to separate a small amount of crystals of sparingly soluble salts from it, and crystallization of sodium chloride is carried out to a state of saturation of any of the soluble salts accompanying it in sea water.
• the present method is implemented on an appropriate device for producing drinking water from sea water, which includes a block for filtering mechanical impurities 1 of the supplied sea water, connected to it in series by a pump 2 and an evaporator 3, connected to the evaporator 3, a condenser 5 with a condensate line 4, connected to the evaporator 3 by its own the steam compressor 7 and the crystallizer 8, the outlet 9 of which is connected to the filtering device 10, and the steam source 11.
• the evaporator 3 and the condenser 5 have a common heat exchange surface 12, provided with a distribution device 13 for sea water on the side of the evaporator 3, and the steam compressor 7 installed with its outlet 14 at the inlet to the condenser 5 and equipped with a nozzle 15 for supplying water (hot condensate) to steam, and at the outlet 16 of the mechanical impurities filtration unit 1 a heat exchanger 17 is placed, while the mold 8 is provided with a heat exchange surface 18, the heating side of which communicates with the source pair 11, and the filter device 10 is It is equipped with the ability to filter the salt concentrate, while the condensate line 4 after its exit from the heat exchanger 17 is equipped with a mixer 1 connected to the outlet 20 of the concentrate of the filtering device 10.
• the heat exchanger 17 communicates with its heating side with the condensate line 4, the filtering device 10 is made, preferably in the form of a centrifuge, between the evaporator 3 and And the filter 21 is installed by the crystallizer 8, and the nozzle 15 for supplying water to the steam compressor 7 communicates with the condensate line 4, while the steam source 1 1 is made in the form of a steam compressor 22 with its own nozzle 23 for supplying water, while the inlet of the compressor 22 is connected with the volume of the crystallizer 8 from the side of the supply of a concentrated solution of sea salt, and the nozzle 23 of the water supply and the volume of the crystallizer 8 from the side of the steam supply communicate with the condensate line 4 before it enters the heat exchanger 17.
• Evaporation of sea water to a supersaturation concentration of sodium chloride is carried out in order to crystallize sodium chloride and isolate its crystals from the concentrate obtained during crystallization by mechanical filtration, for example, using centrifuges, mechanical or fabric filters.
• Compression of the vapor with its humidification to the state of saturation provides an increase in the temperature of its condensation, which ensures the transfer of the heat of condensation through the heat exchange surface 12 to sea water in the evaporator 3, and evaporation is carried out precisely by transferring the heat of condensation of the compressed and moistened vapor to the sea water through the heat exchange surface 12, which allows repeatedly, while the device is operating, use the heat of vaporization spent during evaporation, returning it to the evaporation process as the heat of condensation.
• the implementation of compression with the entire amount of vapor allows conduct the evaporation process without supplying an additional amount of steam to the technological chain.
• the amount of condensed water (condensate) is equal to the amount of water evaporated.
• Heating sea water before evaporation by exchanging heat with condensate makes it possible to heat sea water to the boiling point without additional heat costs, while cooling the condensate, which makes it possible to supply it after mineralization to the drinking water supply network.
• Differences in boiling and moisture condensation temperatures provide compensation for heat losses and a sufficient temperature drop on the heat exchange surface in heat exchanger 17.
• Filtration of concentrated brine before crystallization is an optional technological operation, however, it makes it possible to exclude the ingress of turbidity (gypsum microcrystals and calcium carbonates) into drinking water.
• the process of crystallization of sodium chloride should be carried out to the state of saturation of any of the soluble salts accompanying it in sea water. This cuts off the inclusion of additional ballast impurities in the composition of "pure" sodium chloride, which are characteristic of ordinary table salt.
• the sodium chloride remaining in the concentrate after adding the entire concentrate to the condensate is approximately 17 mg/l in the resulting drinking water, which does not worsen, but further improves the consumer properties of drinking water.
• the presence of a steam compressor 7 at the inlet to the condenser 5 and the supply of the compressor 7 with a nozzle 15 for supplying water to steam makes it possible to increase the evaporation potential, i.e. increase its condensation temperature, which ensures the temperature difference on the heat exchange surface 12 and, accordingly, the transfer of condensation heat from condensate to sea water, i.e. ensures the evaporation process without introducing additional heat into the process.
• the placement of the heat exchanger 17 at the outlet 16 (immediately after the pump 2) of the mechanical impurities filtration unit 1 makes it possible to utilize the heat contained in the condensate, lower its temperature and eliminate the costs of heating the sea water supplied for processing.
• the crystallizer 8 is equipped with its own heat exchange surface 18, the heating side of which communicates with the steam source 11. It is due to this that crystallization of sodium chloride is released from the concentrate solution as a process waste in the process of obtaining drinking water and, at the same time, an independent commercial product.
• the process of crystallization of sodium chloride to the state of saturation of any of the soluble salts accompanying it in sea water is controlled by means of devices that determine the density of solutions, for example, polarimeters, water content meters based on capacitive sensors, absorption of radio waves of certain frequencies, laboratory methods, etc.
• the concentrate solution for removing sodium chloride from it passes through the filtering device 10, which can be, in addition to the centrifuge, also cyclones, mechanical or fabric filters, and other devices.
• the filtering device 10 can be, in addition to the centrifuge, also cyclones, mechanical or fabric filters, and other devices.
• a concentrate is formed containing refined impurities characteristic of high-quality drinking water.
• mixing the concentrate with chilled condensate makes it possible to obtain ready-to-drink drinking water.
• the process of obtaining concentrate and chilled condensate, and their mixing is continuous, which excludes the possibility of an artificial increase in the concentration of salts in drinking water.
• mechanical impurities, sparingly soluble salts and excess sodium chloride are removed from sea water.
• the output is water of drinking quality with unique properties that are not characteristic of other technologies for its production.
• the condensate in the condenser 5 flows into its lower part and enters the condensate line 4.
• This liquid is demineralized (distilled) water.
• Hot distilled water from the condenser 5 is sent to the heat exchanger via the condensate line 4 17, where it gives off its heat to filtered sea water, which is heated and sent to the evaporator 3.
• the solution of sea salt concentrated to the state of saturation of sodium chloride, formed as a result of the evaporation of moisture from sea water in the evaporator 3, is filtered on the filter 21 in order to remove from it a suspension of crystals of sparingly soluble salts (gypsum, carbonates) formed during the heating and evaporation of sea water, and is sent to the crystallizer 8, in which there is an additional evaporation of water from a concentrated solution of sea salt by transferring heat from the coolant through the heat exchange surface 18 with the formation of a supersaturated sodium chloride solution, in which crystals of sodium chloride are formed.
• the crystallization process is carried out to a state of saturation with any of the other soluble salts of the solution.
• Mixture of sodium chloride crystals and intercrystalline liquid (mass mass) is sent to the filtering device 10, which is preferably used as a centrifuge, in which sodium chloride crystals are separated from the intercrystalline liquid.
• Intercrystalline liquid - a concentrate - is a concentrated solution of salts useful for the human body in their natural ratio. This solution is sent to the mixer 19, where it is introduced into the cooled condensate for the purpose of its mineralization, resulting in ready-to-use drinking water.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
• Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
• Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)

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Citations (5)

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• 2020
  • 2020-10-20 RU RU2020134436A patent/RU2750147C2/ru active
• 2021
  • 2021-11-30 WO PCT/RU2021/000527 patent/WO2022086369A1/ru not_active Ceased
  • 2021-11-30 EP EP21883391.1A patent/EP4234501A4/en active Pending

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