WO2022085570A1 - 放射性ジルコニウム錯体の製造方法 - Google Patents
放射性ジルコニウム錯体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022085570A1 WO2022085570A1 PCT/JP2021/038135 JP2021038135W WO2022085570A1 WO 2022085570 A1 WO2022085570 A1 WO 2022085570A1 JP 2021038135 W JP2021038135 W JP 2021038135W WO 2022085570 A1 WO2022085570 A1 WO 2022085570A1
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- OPGYRRGJRBEUFK-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;diacetate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OPGYRRGJRBEUFK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HQWKKEIVHQXCPI-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;phthalate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O HQWKKEIVHQXCPI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CCS(O)(=O)=O CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000018358 immunoglobulin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229940072221 immunoglobulins Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000644 isotonic solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001427 mPEG Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001160 methoxycarbonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- QQYYPOJIFYBSDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 6-(2-aminopropylamino)pyridine-2-carboxylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC(NCC(C)N)=N1 QQYYPOJIFYBSDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002414 normal-phase solid-phase extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010647 peptide synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000825 pharmaceutical preparation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940127557 pharmaceutical product Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940081066 picolinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229950008882 polysorbate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZYFGTJPGLOESBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N propanedioic acid;sodium Chemical compound [Na].OC(=O)CC(O)=O ZYFGTJPGLOESBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000163 radioactive labelling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003608 radiolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008672 reprogramming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002477 rna polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- ZNJHFNUEQDVFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanesulfonic acid;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+].OCCN1CCN(CCS(O)(=O)=O)CC1 ZNJHFNUEQDVFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000010532 solid phase synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000446 sulfanediyl group Chemical group *S* 0.000 description 1
- 150000003458 sulfonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013076 target substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008215 water for injection Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A61K51/04—Organic compounds
- A61K51/0474—Organic compounds complexes or complex-forming compounds, i.e. wherein a radioactive metal (e.g. 111In3+) is complexed or chelated by, e.g. a N2S2, N3S, NS3, N4 chelating group
- A61K51/0482—Organic compounds complexes or complex-forming compounds, i.e. wherein a radioactive metal (e.g. 111In3+) is complexed or chelated by, e.g. a N2S2, N3S, NS3, N4 chelating group chelates from cyclic ligands, e.g. DOTA
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- A61K47/547—Chelates, e.g. Gd-DOTA or Zinc-amino acid chelates; Chelate-forming compounds, e.g. DOTA or ethylenediamine being covalently linked or complexed to the pharmacologically- or therapeutically-active agent
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- A61K51/02—Preparations containing radioactive substances for use in therapy or testing in vivo characterised by the carrier, i.e. characterised by the agent or material covalently linked or complexing the radioactive nucleus
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- A61K51/1096—Antibodies or immunoglobulins; Fragments thereof, the carrier being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. a camelised human single domain antibody or the Fc fragment of an antibody conjugates with carriers being antibodies radioimmunotoxins, i.e. conjugates being structurally as defined in A61K51/1093, and including a radioactive nucleus for use in radiotherapeutic applications
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B59/00—Introduction of isotopes of elements into organic compounds ; Labelled organic compounds per se
- C07B59/004—Acyclic, carbocyclic or heterocyclic compounds containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, halogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D257/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having four nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D257/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having four nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
- C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D403/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/003—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table without C-Metal linkages
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
- C07B2200/05—Isotopically modified compounds, e.g. labelled
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a radioactive zirconium complex.
- radioactive zirconium and DTPA which is a kind of ligand compound, are used, and this is reacted with radioactive zirconium, which is a radioactive metal, in acidic physiological saline to form a Zr complex. Is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 discloses that radioactive zirconium and DOTA, which is a kind of ligand compound, are heated and reacted in a neutral HEPES buffer solution to form a Zr complex.
- Non-Patent Document 1 describes a method of reacting 89 Zr, which is a radioactive metal, with DOTA, which is a ligand compound, in a buffer solution to form a radioactive metal complex.
- the present invention is to provide a method for producing a radioactive zirconium complex that can stably achieve a high labeling rate in the reaction between a radioactive zirconium ion and a ligand compound.
- the present invention comprises a step of reacting a radioactive zirconium ion with a ligand compound in a reaction solution containing water to coordinate the radioactive zirconium ion with the ligand compound.
- the reaction solution does not contain an organic solvent and has the ligand compound and a water-soluble organic compound having one or two sulfo groups, or a water-soluble organic compound having one or two carboxy groups. Including compounds, It provides a method for producing a radioactive zirconium complex in which the pH of the reaction solution is in the acidic region.
- the production method of the present invention is a step of reacting a radioactive zirconium ion as a radioactive metal ion with a ligand compound in a reaction solution containing water to coordinate the radioactive zirconium ion to the ligand compound (hereinafter,). , Also referred to simply as "process" unless otherwise specified). This step is performed in a state where the pH of the reaction solution is in the acidic region. Through this step, a radioactive zirconium complex can be obtained.
- This radioactive zirconium complex is a compound in which a radioactive zirconium atom is bonded to a ligand compound by a combination of a coordinating bond, a covalent bond, an ionic bond, etc., and a reaction atom group or a targeting agent described later is further bonded.
- Compounds are also included.
- coordinating a radioactive zirconium ion and a ligand compound to form a complex is synonymous with labeling the ligand compound with a radioactive zirconium ion, and the complex formation efficiency and the labeling rate are synonymous. It is synonymous. Further, in the following description, "radioactive zirconium” is simply referred to as “radioactive Zr” unless otherwise specified.
- the radioactive Zr used in this step is preferably used in the form of a compound that can be ionized in water, and more preferably in the form of Zr ions (hereinafter, these embodiments are collectively referred to) from the viewpoint of increasing the labeling rate.
- radioactive Zr source for example, a radioactive Zr ion-containing liquid in which radioactive Zr ions are dissolved or dispersed in a solvent mainly composed of water can be used.
- the nuclide of radioactive Zr is preferably 89 Zr.
- 89 Zr is a ⁇ + ray decay nuclide and an electron capture decay nuclide.
- 89 Zr can be produced by a nuclear reaction of 89 Y (p, n) 89 Zr using, for example, a cyclotron. Specifically, the solution obtained by dissolving the 89 Y target after proton irradiation with an acid is passed through a column cartridge or the like carrying a collector capable of adsorbing 89 Zr. Then, after washing the column cartridge with a solvent such as water, 89 Zr ions can be eluted and recovered as a solution by passing an aqueous solution of oxalic acid.
- the ligand compound used in this step is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound capable of coordinating with radioactive Zr, and examples thereof include the following organic compounds and compounds containing a structure derived from the compound.
- CB-TE2A (1,4,8,11-Tetraazabiciclo [6.6.2] hexadecane-4,11-diacetic acid)
- CDTA Cyclohexane-trans-1,2-diamine terra-acetic acid
- CDTPA 4-cyano-4-[[(dedecylthio) thioxomethyl] thio] -Pentanoic acid)
- DOTA (1,4,7,10-Tetracaciccodekane-1,4,7,10-tetracatic acid)
- DOTMA ((1R, 4R, 7R, 10R) - ⁇ , ⁇ ', ⁇ '', ⁇ ''-tetramethyl-1, 4,7,10-tetrazaciclododecane-1, 4,7,10-tetracetic acid)
- DOTAM (1,4,7,10-tetracis (carbamoylmethyl) -1,4,7,10-tetrazaciclidecane)
- DOTA-GA ⁇ - (2-Carboxythyl) -1,4,7,10-tetraazzacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid
- DOTP (((1,4,7,10-Tetraaziclododecane-1, 4,7,10-tetrayl) tetracis (methylene)) tetraphosphonicacid)
- DTPA N, N-bis [2- [bis (carboxymethyl) amino] ethyl] -glycine
- DTPA-BMA 5,8-Bis (carboxymethyl) -11- [2- (methylamino) -2-oxoethyl] -3-oxo-2, 5,8,11-tetrazatridecan-13-oic acid
- EDTA (2,2', 2'', 2'''-(ethane-1,2-diylbis (azanateryl)) tetraacetic acid)
- NOTA (1,4,7-Triazacyclinonane-1,4,7-triactive acid
- OTP 1,4,7-Triazacyclonanane-1,4,7-triyltris (methylenephosphonic acid)
- TETPA (1,4,8,11-tetra cystetradekane-1,4,8,11-tetrapropionic acid)
- TETA (1,4,8,11-Tetra cysteclamedecane-N, N', N'', N''-tetracetic acid)
- TTHA (3,6,9,12-Tetrakis (carboxymethyl) -3,6,9,12-tetrazatetradecanedioic acid)
- HEHA (1,2,7,10,13-hexaazziclooctadekane-1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaactive acid)
- 1,2-HOPO N, N', N'', N'''-terra (1,2-dihydro-1-hydroxy-2-carboxylide-6-carbonyl)-1,5,10,14-terrazatetradecane )
- PEPA (1,4,7,10,13-pentaaziclopentadecane-N, N', N'',
- H4octapa N, N'-bis (6-carboxy-2-pyridylmethyl) -ethylenediamine-N, N'-dialytic acid
- H2bispa2 (6,6'-( ⁇ 9-hydroxy-1,5-bis (methoxycarbonyl) -2,4-di (pyridine-2-yl) -3,7-diazabiciclo [3.3.1] nonane-3] , 7-dir ⁇ bis (-methylene)) dipicolinic acid
- H2dedpa (1,2- [ ⁇ 6- (carboxy) -pyridin-2-yl ⁇ -methylamino] ethane
- H2macropa (6- (1,4,10,13-tellaoxa-7,16-diazaciclooctadecan-N, N'-methyl) picolinic acid)
- H5decapa N, N''-bis (6-carboxy-2-pyridylmethyl) -diethylenetriamine-
- the ligand compound used in this step is preferably an organic compound having a structure represented by the following formula (1).
- R 11 , R 12 and R 13 are independently ⁇ (CH 2 ) p COOH, ⁇ (CH 2 ) p C 5 H 5 N, ⁇ (CH 2 ) p PO 3 H, respectively. It is a group consisting of 2 or-(CH 2 ) p CONH 2 .
- the above p is an integer of 0 or more and 3 or less independently.
- one of R 14 or R 15 is a hydrogen atom,-(CH 2 ) p COOH,-(CH 2 ) p C 5 H 5 N,-(CH 2 ) p PO 3 H 2 ,-. It is a group consisting of (CH 2 ) p CONH 2 or-(CHCOOH) (CH 2 ) p COOH.
- the other of R 14 or R 15 is-(CH 2 ) p COOH,-(CH 2 ) p C 5 H 5 N,-(CH 2 ) p PO 3 H 2 , or-( CH 2 )
- the above p is an integer of 0 or more and 3 or less independently. The details of the targeting agent and the reaction atomic group for linking with the targeting agent or the group linked to the targeting agent will be described later.
- the ligand compound used in this step more preferably contains a structure derived from 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) or a derivative thereof. It is a compound, and specifically, it is more preferable to include one compound shown below or a structure derived from the compound.
- the ligand compound used in this step is preferably water-soluble.
- DOTA (1,4,7,10-Tetracaciccodekane-1,4,7,10-tetracatic acid)
- DOTMA ((1R, 4R, 7R, 10R) - ⁇ , ⁇ ', ⁇ '', ⁇ ''-tetramethyl-1, 4,7,10-tetrazaciclododecane-1, 4,7,10-tetracetic acid)
- DOTAM (1,4,7,10-tetracis (carbamoylmethyl) -1,4,7,10-tetrazaciclidecane)
- DOTA-GA ⁇ - (2-Carboxythyl) -1,4,7,10-tetraazzacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid
- DOTP (((1,4,7,10-Tetraaziclododecane-1, 4,7,10-tetrayl) tetracis (methylene)) tetraphosphonicacid)
- the reaction solution in this step is an aqueous reaction solution containing water and a water-soluble organic compound having a predetermined structure.
- the reaction solution does not contain an organic solvent.
- the above-mentioned water-soluble organic compound is an organic compound that dissolves in water, and is a compound different from the above-mentioned ligand compound and the above-mentioned organic solvent. Therefore, the water-soluble organic compounds in the present specification are not included in the ligand compound and the organic solvent.
- the water-soluble organic compound used in this step is not particularly limited as long as it has one or two sulfo groups or one or two carboxy groups.
- a water-soluble organic compound having a predetermined structure and not included in the ligand compound and the organic solvent is also referred to as a “second organic compound”.
- water those usually used in the present technical field can be adopted, and for example, distilled water or ion-exchanged water can be used.
- the reaction solution used in this step does not contain an organic solvent.
- the organic solvent not contained are water-soluble such as a protonic solvent such as methanol and ethanol, and a polar solvent such as a protonic solvent such as acetonitrile, N, N-dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylsulfoxide and acetone.
- sexual organic solvent Examples thereof include water-insoluble organic solvents such as hexane, toluene and ethyl acetate.
- the second organic compound contained in the reaction solution exerts a pH buffering action in a predetermined pH range when the compound is dissolved in water, but exhibits a buffering action in the reaction solution of this step. It is a compound that does not have to do that. That is, the reaction solution itself containing the second organic compound used in this step may not exhibit a pH buffering action or may exhibit a pH buffering action depending on the pH of the entire reaction solution.
- the second organic compound contained in the reaction solution has a specific functional group in its structure.
- it has one or two sulfo groups in its structure.
- the sulfo group is a monovalent functional group represented by "-SO 3H " or "-SO 3- ". That is, the second organic compound in this embodiment can be monosulfonic acid or disulfonic acid.
- the total carbon number of the second organic compound is preferably 4 or more and 10 or less, and more preferably 6 or more and 8 or less.
- the second organic compound When the second organic compound has a sulfo group in the structure, the second organic compound preferably has a hetero atom in the structure, preferably has at least a nitrogen atom in the structure, and has a cyclohexane ring or a heterocycle in the structure. Is more preferable, and it is more preferable that the structure contains a saturated heterocycle having two nitrogen atoms or a nitrogen atom and an oxygen atom, and it is even more preferable to include a morpholin ring or a piperazine ring in the structure.
- the structure has a sulfo group
- it is preferable to have an alkane sulfonic acid group in the structure it is also preferable that the alkane sulfonic acid group is bonded to a hetero atom, and the structure has an aminoalkane sulfonic acid. Is more preferable.
- the second organic compound having a sulfo group in the structure is preferably an amphoteric ion compound, more preferably an aminoalkane sulfonic acid derivative.
- Second organic compounds having one sulfo group in the structure include, for example, chain amine monosulfonic acid such as N-tris (hydroxymethyl) methyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (TES); 2-morpholinoethanesulfon. Monosulfonic acids having a morpholinic ring such as acid (MES), 3-morpholinopropanesulfonic acid (MOPS); and / or salts thereof.
- Examples of the second organic compound having two sulfo groups in the structure include 2- [4- (2-hydroxyethyl) -1-piperazinyl] -ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) and piperazin-1,4-bis (.
- Disulfonic acids having a piperazine ring in their structure such as 2-ethanesulfonic acid (PIPES); and / or salts thereof and the like.
- PPES 2-ethanesulfonic acid
- Examples of the counterion of the secondary organic compound having a sulfo group in the structure include alkali metal ions such as sodium and potassium, cations such as primary to quaternary ammonium such as ammonium and tetramethylammonium salt, and chlorine. Examples thereof include anions such as halogens and the like.
- the structure has one or two carboxy groups.
- the carboxy group is a monovalent functional group represented by "-COOH” or "-COO-". That is, the second organic compound in this embodiment can be a monocarboxylic acid or a dicarboxylic acid.
- the total carbon number of the second organic compound is preferably 2 or more and 10 or less, and more preferably 2 or more and 8 or less.
- the second organic compound is preferably a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic carboxylic acid or an aromatic carboxylic acid, and more preferably a saturated aliphatic carboxylic acid.
- Examples of the second organic compound having one carboxy group in the structure include linear aliphatic monocarboxylic acids such as acetic acid and lactic acid; aromatic monocarboxylic acids such as benzoic acid and salicylic acid; and / or salts thereof. Can be mentioned.
- Examples of the second organic compound having two carboxy groups in the structure include linear aliphatic monocarboxylic acids such as malonic acid and tartaric acid, aromatic dicarboxylic acids such as phthalic acid; and / or salts thereof. Be done.
- Examples of the counterion of the secondary organic compound having a carboxy group in the structure include alkali metal ions such as sodium and potassium, cations such as primary to quaternary ammonium such as ammonium and tetramethylammonium salt, and chlorine. Examples thereof include anions such as halogens and the like.
- the second organic compound having a sulfo group or a carboxy group in the structure acetic acid, phthalic acid or malonic acid, or 2- [4- (2-hydroxyethyl) -1-piperazinyl] -ethanesulfonic acid
- acetic acid, phthalic acid or malonic acid or 2- [4- (2-hydroxyethyl) -1-piperazinyl] -ethanesulfonic acid
- N-tris (hydroxymethyl) methyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid or 2-morpholinoetansulfonic acid acetic acid or 2- [4- (2-hydroxyethyl) -1-piperazinyl].
- -Ethan sulfonic acid is more preferable. Since such organic compounds are relatively easy to obtain, the labeling rate can be further increased while reducing the production cost.
- the reaction solution containing a suitable second organic compound can be used in this step in a state of being prepared in advance as an aqueous solution containing these organic compounds.
- These may be buffer solutions that exert a pH buffering action in this step, or may be liquids that do not exert a pH buffering action.
- the concentration of the second organic compound in the reaction solution is preferably 0.01 mol / L or more and 2.0 mol / L or less, and 0.1 mol / L or more and 1.0 mol / L. It is more preferable to have.
- the labeling reaction of the radioactive Zr ion to the ligand compound can proceed, in detail, if the complex can be formed between the radioactive Zr ion and the ligand compound, the coordination with the radioactive Zr source is possible.
- the order of addition with the child compound does not matter. For example, water and a second organic compound constituting the reaction solution are added, and one of the radioactive Zr source and the ligand compound is added to the reaction vessel containing the mixed solvent containing no organic solvent in advance, and then The other may be added and reacted. Alternatively, one of the radioactive Zr source and the ligand compound may be dissolved in a mixed solvent and the other may be added and reacted. Alternatively, the radioactive Zr source and the ligand compound may be simultaneously added to the reaction vessel containing the mixed solvent in advance for reaction.
- the reaction solution is reacted while the pH of the reaction solution is in the acidic region.
- the reaction is carried out in a state where the acidic state of pH is maintained from the start to the end of the reaction.
- the pH of the reaction solution is in the acidic region, it means that the pH of the reaction solution at the time of performing the step is less than 7.
- the pH of the reaction solution is preferably 2.0 or more and 6.0 or less. Perform the process.
- the reaction solution containing the second organic compound used in this step may be a buffer solution that exerts a pH buffering action from the start to the end of the reaction, and does not exert a pH buffering action. It may be a liquid.
- the pH of the reaction solution can be maintained in the acidic region even during this step.
- the pH of the reaction solution can be adjusted, for example, by mixing an aqueous solution of the second organic compound whose pH has been adjusted in advance into the reaction solution.
- a radioactive Zr ion-containing solution, an aqueous solution of a ligand compound, and an aqueous solution of a second organic compound are prepared in advance, and the mixing ratio of these aqueous solutions is adjusted and mixed to adjust the pH of the reaction solution. Can be done.
- the pH of the reaction solution is adjusted by adding an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid or a metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide to the liquid in which the radioactive Zr ion, the ligand compound and the second organic compound are mixed. You can also do it.
- an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid or a metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide
- the reaction conditions in this step can be, for example, the following conditions.
- As the reaction solution used in this step an aqueous solution containing water and a second organic compound and not containing an organic solvent is used.
- the pH of the reaction solution used in this step is adjusted to an acidic region.
- the reaction pressure can be atmospheric pressure.
- heating refers to applying heat from the outside of the reaction system so that the temperature of the reaction solution becomes higher than 25 ° C. with 25 ° C as a reference.
- a known method can be appropriately used, and examples thereof include a water bath, an oil bath, a block heater, and a mantle heater.
- the reaction temperature is preferably 30 ° C. or higher and 100 ° C. or lower, more preferably 50 ° C. or higher, from the viewpoint of suppressing decomposition of the ligand compound and further improving the labeling efficiency.
- the reaction solution is heated to 80 ° C. or lower to react.
- the reaction time is preferably 15 minutes or more and 150 minutes or less, and more preferably 30 minutes or more and 120 minutes or less, provided that the reaction temperature is the above-mentioned reaction temperature.
- the amount of the reaction solution in this step may be appropriately changed according to the production scale, but from the viewpoint of practicality in the production process, 0.01 mL or more and 100 mL or less is realistic at the start of this step.
- the concentrations of the radioactive Zr ion and the ligand compound in the reaction solution are independent of each other, preferably 1 ⁇ mol / L or more and 1000 ⁇ mol at the start of this step. / L or less, more preferably 10 ⁇ mol / L or more and 900 ⁇ mol / L or less, still more preferably 30 ⁇ mol / L or more and 600 ⁇ mol / L or less, still more preferably 50 ⁇ mol / L or more and 500 ⁇ mol / L or less.
- the radioactive Zr and the ligand compound are easily dissolved in the reaction solution, so that the labeling reaction can proceed uniformly in the liquid phase.
- the labeling rate is compared with that of the prior art. Can be further increased to stably produce the desired radioactive Zr complex. Further, since the yield of the obtained radioactive Zr complex is high, it is also advantageous that the complex can be used in the subsequent steps without separating and purifying the unreacted radioactive Zr.
- the present inventor explains the reason why the labeling rate can be stably improved by reacting the reaction system in the presence of the second organic compound having a predetermined structure and in the state of maintaining the acidic conditions. I guess as follows. In the reaction solution maintained in the acidic region, the ligand compound maintains a chemical structure capable of reacting with the radioactive Zr ion, and the radioactive Zr ion also maintains an oxidized state capable of reacting with the ligand compound. ing. On the other hand, the second organic compound having a predetermined structure does not have an adverse effect such that the chemical structure in the reaction solution is unintentionally coordinated with the radioactive Zr ion under an acidic region, or the adverse effect thereof.
- the reaction rate at which the above occurs is sufficiently slower than the reaction rate with the ligand compound, and the labeling reaction, which is the main reaction, proceeds advantageously.
- the reaction between the radioactive Zr ion and the ligand compound proceeds, and the labeling rate can be stably increased.
- the second organic compound having a predetermined structure allows the labeling reaction to proceed satisfactorily even under pH conditions that are significantly out of the pH range in which the pH buffering action is exerted. It is presumed that the stable progress of the labeling reaction is not due to the pH buffering effect of the water-soluble organic compound being exerted in the liquid.
- the present inventor used a physiological saline solution which does not contain a second organic compound and is acidic, which is a condition disclosed in Patent Document 1, as a reaction solution.
- a physiological saline solution which does not contain a second organic compound and is acidic, which is a condition disclosed in Patent Document 1, as a reaction solution.
- the labeling rate is inferior to that of the production method of the present invention. Therefore, it is also speculated that the second organic compound in the reaction solution plays a role of satisfactorily promoting the labeling reaction between the radioactive Zr ion and the ligand compound by maintaining the pH of the reaction solution in the acidic region. Will be done.
- R 11 , R 12 and R 13 are all- (CH 2 ).
- It is preferably a carboxyalkyl group represented by a group consisting of p COOH, in which p is an integer of 1 or more and 3 or less.
- one of R 14 and R 15 is a hydrogen atom or a carboxyalkyl group represented by a group consisting of- (CH 2 ) p COOH, in which p is an integer of 1 or more and 3 or less. Is also preferable.
- R 14 and R 15 is represented by a group consisting of- (CH 2 ) p COOH, and p is a carboxyalkyl group having an integer of 1 or more and 3 or less, or is linked to a targeting agent. It is also preferable that it is a reaction atomic group or a linked group for the purpose. If R 11 , R 12 , R 13, R 14 and R 15 have the preferred groups described above, then if one of R 14 and R 15 is a hydrogen atom, then the other of R 14 and R 15 is targeted. It is preferably a reaction atom group for linking with the agent or a group linked with the targeting agent.
- R 14 is a reaction atom group for linking with the targeting agent or a group linked with the targeting agent
- R 15 is a hydrogen atom
- R 15 is a reaction atom group for linking with the targeting agent.
- the group is linked to the targeting agent, it is preferable that R 14 is a hydrogen atom.
- the targeting agent when a ligand compound containing a group linked to a targeting agent is used, the targeting agent may be a chain peptide, a cyclic peptide, or a combination thereof, a protein, an antibody or a fragment thereof, or a peptide aptamer.
- Targeting agent refers to a chemical structure for expressing directivity toward a target organ or tissue in a living body or specificity toward a target molecule.
- a target organ or tissue or a target molecule is collectively referred to as a “target site”.
- These targeting agents may be directly bound to the ligand compound or indirectly via other known linker structures such as PEG.
- these targeting agents may be configured to be ligable to the ligand compound by using modified reaction atomic groups capable of binding to other structures.
- a known reaction such as a click reaction can be adopted.
- a click reaction is used for linking, for example, the reaction atom group of the targeting agent and the reaction atom group for linking with the targeting agent of the ligand compound are both groups containing a click-reactable atomic group. can do.
- a ligand compound having such a chemical structure it is possible to easily bind to a targeting agent having specificity or directivity to the target site, and the targeting agent has sufficient specificity or directivity to the target site. In the maintained state, a radioactive Zr complex having specificity or directivity for the target site can be obtained in high yield.
- the atomic group preferably comprises a chain peptide, a cyclic peptide, or a combination thereof, a protein, an antibody or a fragment thereof that specifically binds to a specific molecule.
- atomic groups may be peptides having 3 or more constituent amino acid residues, for example, antibodies (immunoglobulins) and Fab fragments having the classes of IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD and IgE. , F (ab') 2 fragment and other antibody fragments, peptide aptamers and the like.
- the amino acids constituting such a targeting agent may be natural or synthetic.
- the molecular weight of the atomic group containing the peptide is not particularly limited.
- peptides that can be used as targeting agents include conventionally known methods such as liquid phase synthesis method, solid phase synthesis method, automatic peptide synthesis method, gene recombination method, phage display method, genetic code reprogramming, and RaPID (Random non).
- -It can be synthesized by a method such as the standard Peptide Integrated Discovery) method. In synthesizing various peptides, the functional groups of the amino acids used may be protected, if necessary.
- the targeting agent is an atomic group containing nucleic acid
- the atomic group is an atomic group containing antisense nucleic acid, siRNA, miRNA, nucleic acid aptamer, decoy nucleic acid, cPG oligonucleic acid, and peptide nucleic acid that specifically bind to a specific molecule. It is preferable to have.
- the nucleic acid base constituting such a targeting agent may be a natural one such as deoxyribonucleic acid or a ribonucleic acid, or may be a synthesized one.
- nucleic acid-containing atomic group that can be used in the present invention can be produced by a conventionally known method.
- a nucleic acid aptamer a nucleic acid aptamer that specifically binds to a specific target substance such as a protein can be produced by using the SELEX method (Sysmetic Evolution of Ligands by Exponental Enrichment).
- reaction atomic group refers to a chemical structure in which a reaction directly occurs when one compound is bonded to the other compound. Examples of such reaction atomic groups include, but are not limited to, click-reactive atomic groups.
- the atomic group capable of click reaction as a reaction atomic group is preferably an atomic group that can be used for a metal catalyst-free click reaction.
- examples of such a structure include a diene or dienophile such as an alkynyl group or an azide group, or a 1,2,4,5-tetrazine or alkenyl group.
- the click reaction is a reaction caused by a combination of an alkyne and an azide, or a combination of a diene such as 1,2,4,5-tetrazine and an alkene and a dienophile.
- Specific examples of the click reaction by such a combination of atomic groups include a Husgen cycloaddition reaction, a reverse electron-requested Diels-Alder reaction, and the like.
- the chemical structure produced by the click reaction in the combination of alkyne and azide contains a triazole skeleton, which is a combination of 1,2,4,5-tetrazine and alkene as a combination of diene and dienophile.
- the chemical structure produced by the click reaction in is containing the pyridazine skeleton. Therefore, as a click-reactable atomic group that can be contained in the reaction atomic group for linking with the targeting agent, any atomic group containing an alkyne or azide can form a triazole skeleton by the click reaction.
- the click-reactive atomic group that can be contained in the reaction atomic group for linking with the targeting agent includes an atomic group containing 1,2,4,5-tetrazine or an alkene that is a diene or dienophile, click.
- the reaction can form a pyridazine skeleton.
- the click-reactable atomic group examples include an atomic group containing dibenzylcyclooctyne (DBCO) as an alkyne (formula (5a)) and an azido group as an azide (formula) as shown in the following formula. (5b)), an atomic group containing 1,2,4,5-tetrazine (formula (5c)), or an atomic group containing trans-cyclooctene (TCO) as an alkene (formula (5d)).
- DBCO dibenzylcyclooctyne
- TCO trans-cyclooctene
- R 1 indicates a binding site with an atomic group containing a ligand compound or a targeting agent.
- R 2 indicates a binding site with an atomic group containing a ligand compound or a targeting agent.
- one of R 3 and R 4 indicates a bonding site with an atomic group containing a ligand compound or a targeting agent, and the other indicates a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a phenyl group or a pyridyl group.
- R5 indicates a binding site with an atomic group containing a ligand compound or a targeting agent.
- DBCO dibenzylcyclooctine
- DBCO-C6-Acid DBCO-Amine
- DBCOMaleimide DBCO-PEGacid
- DBCO -PEG-NHSester DBCO-PEG-Alcohol
- DBCO-PEG-amine DBCO-PEG-NH-Boc
- Carboxyrhodamine-PEG-DBCO Sulforhodamine-PEG-DBCO
- TAMRA-PEG-DBCO DBCO-PEG-Biotin
- DBCO reagents such as DBCO-PEG-DBCO, DBCO-PEG-Maleimide, TCO-PEG-DBCO, and DBCO-mPEG can be
- a suitable ligand compound used in the present invention for example, those having the structures represented by the following formulas (1-a) to (1-e) are used. It can be used, but is not limited to these. Regardless of the ligand compound having any structure, the effect of stably improving the labeling rate is sufficiently exhibited.
- P represents an atomic group containing a reaction atomic group or an atomic group containing a targeting agent. From the viewpoint of stably improving the labeling rate, a ligand compound having a structure represented by the above formulas (1-b), (1-d) or (1-e) is more preferably used.
- the reaction atomic group is preferably an atomic group capable of click reaction, and is clicked with the ligand compound. It is also preferable that the reactive atomic group is indirectly bonded by the linker structure represented by the following formula (P).
- the structure is derived from ethylene glycol, and in the formula (P), n is preferably an integer of 2 or more and 10 or less, and more preferably an integer of 2 or more and 8 or less.
- the structure of the ligand compound containing a click-reactable atomic group is not particularly limited as long as the effect of the present invention is exhibited, but it is more preferable to have the structure shown below. That is, it is more preferable that the ligand compound has at least one of DO3A-DBCO, DOTA-DBCO, DO3A-PEG4-DBCO, DO4A-PEG7-Tz, and DOTAGA-DBCO shown below.
- the radioactive Zr ion is coordinated to the ligand compound by the method described above, and then the radioactive Zr ion is coordinated.
- a radioactive Zr complex can be produced by reacting the click-reactive atomic group of the ligand compound with the click-reactable atomic group of the targeting agent by a click reaction or the like.
- the targeting agent a compound modified with a click-reactive atomic group that specifically binds to the reaction atomic group in the ligand compound can be used.
- the click-reactive atomic group that modifies the targeting agent the same group as described above can be used.
- the radioactive Zr complex produced through the above steps exists in a state of being dissolved in the reaction solution. That is, the radioactive Zr complex can be obtained as an aqueous solution.
- the aqueous liquid containing the radioactive Zr complex may be used as it is, or may be purified by using a filtration filter, a membrane filter, a column filled with various fillers, chromatography or the like.
- Examples of the step after the radioactive Zr complex is obtained include a formulation step for obtaining a radioactive drug containing the radioactive Zr complex as an active ingredient.
- various additives such as pH adjusters such as citric acid buffer, phosphate buffer and borate buffer, solubilizers such as polysorbate, stabilizers or antioxidants may be added as appropriate. This can be done by diluting with an isotonic solution such as water or physiological saline to adjust the radioactivity concentration.
- the formulation step may include a step of adding various additives or adjusting the concentration, and then performing sterilization filtration with a membrane filter or the like to prepare an injection.
- Example 4 is the same as that of Example 1 except that 150 ⁇ L of the aqueous ligand compound solution is added and 50 ⁇ L of 0.78 mol / L sodium acetate-sodium acetate aqueous solution (pH: 6.0) is added as the second organic compound. To prepare reaction solutions having various concentrations and pH shown in Table 1 below. This reaction solution does not contain an organic solvent.
- reaction solution was heated at the heating temperature and heating time shown in Table 1 below to obtain a solution containing an 89 Zr complex as a radioactive Zr-labeled compound.
- the developed thin layer chromatogram was introduced into a TLC analyzer (GITA Star) to measure the total 89 Zr radioactivity count including the unreacted 89 Zr and the radioactivity count of the 89 Zr complex in the 89 Zr complex solution, respectively. bottom. Then, the percentage of the radioactivity count of the 89 Zr complex with respect to the total 89 Zr radioactivity count was calculated as the labeling rate (%).
- the labeling rate indicates the degree of progress of the labeling reaction, and the higher the labeling rate, the more the target radioactive Zr-labeled compound is produced, and the better the labeling reaction is. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
- Radiochemical yield (%) Labeling rate x (100-adsorption rate) / 100 ... (I)
- Examples 5 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2 As the second organic compound, a 0.1 mol / L HEPES-NaOH aqueous solution (pH: 6.0 to 8.0) was used instead of the acetic acid-sodium acetate aqueous solution, and the various concentrations and pH shown in Table 1 below were adjusted. Each reaction solution to have was prepared. All of these reaction solutions do not contain an organic solvent. Other than this, it was carried out and evaluated by the same method as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
- Example 7 As the second organic compound, a 0.1 mol / L sodium phthalate aqueous solution (pH: 4.0) was used instead of the acetic acid-sodium acetate aqueous solution to prepare a reaction solution having various concentrations and pH shown in Table 1 below. bottom. This reaction solution does not contain an organic solvent. Then, the heating time of the reaction solution was changed as shown in Table 1 below. Other than this, it was carried out and evaluated by the same method as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
- Example 8 As the second organic compound, a 0.1 mol / L sodium malonic acid aqueous solution (pH: 4.0) was used instead of the acetic acid-sodium acetate aqueous solution, and reaction solutions having various concentrations and pH shown in Table 1 below were prepared. bottom. This reaction solution does not contain an organic solvent. Then, the heating time of the reaction solution was changed as shown in Table 1 below. Other than this, it was carried out and evaluated by the same method as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
- Example 9 As the second organic compound, a 0.1 mol / L MES aqueous solution (pH: 4.0) was used instead of the acetic acid-sodium acetate aqueous solution, and reaction solutions having various concentrations and pH shown in Table 1 below were prepared. .. This reaction solution does not contain an organic solvent. Then, the heating time of the reaction solution was changed as shown in Table 1 below. Other than this, it was carried out and evaluated by the same method as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
- Example 10 As the second organic compound, a 0.1 mol / L TES aqueous solution (pH: 4.0) was used instead of the acetic acid-sodium acetate aqueous solution, and reaction solutions having various concentrations and pH shown in Table 1 below were prepared. .. This reaction solution does not contain an organic solvent. Then, the heating time of the reaction solution was changed as shown in Table 1 below. Other than this, it was carried out and evaluated by the same method as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
- Example 11 As the ligand compound, DOTAGA-DBCO (formula (X) above) was used instead of DOTA.
- the ligand compound was dissolved in a 0.1 mol / L acetic acid-sodium acetate aqueous solution (pH: 5.0) to prepare a solution containing 300 mmol / L of the ligand compound.
- a solution containing 300 mmol / L of the ligand compound For Example 11, 150 ⁇ L of the ligand compound aqueous solution, 100 ⁇ L of the 89 Zr ion-containing solution (solvent: 0.1 mL / L hydrochloric acid solution, radioactivity concentration 62 MBq / mL) as the radioactive Zr source, and the second organic compound.
- the production method of the example in which the second organic compound having a predetermined structure is used and the reaction solution is heated and reacted in an acidic region has a labeling reaction as compared with the production method of the comparative example. It can be seen that it proceeds well and a high labeling rate can be achieved in the reaction of Zr ions with a ligand compound containing DOTA or a DOTA derivative.
- Example 1 in which the pH of the reaction solution was heated and reacted in the range of a suitable acidic region, high labeling rate was achieved, little adsorption to the reaction vessel was performed, and high RCY could be achieved. .. As a result, the productivity of the Zr complex can be further increased. Further, comparing Example 2 and Example 4, it can be seen that the smaller the concentration of the second organic compound, the more the labeling rate and RCY can be further improved.
- a production method capable of achieving a high labeling rate in the reaction between a radioactive zirconium ion and a ligand compound.
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Abstract
Description
前記反応液は、有機溶媒が非含有であり、且つ、前記配位子化合物と、スルホ基を1つ若しくは2つ有する水溶性有機化合物、又は、カルボキシ基を1つ若しくは2つ有する水溶性有機化合物と、を含み、
前記反応液のpHが酸性領域にある、放射性ジルコニウム錯体の製造方法を提供するものである。
この放射性ジルコニウム錯体は、放射性ジルコニウム原子が、配位結合に加えて、共有結合、イオン結合などの組み合わせにより配位子化合物と結合した化合物であり、後述する反応原子団あるいはターゲティング剤が更に結合されている化合物も包含される。
また以下の説明では、特に断りのない限り、「放射性ジルコニウム」を単に「放射性Zr」と表記する。
放射性Zrの核種としては、好ましくは89Zrである。89Zrは、β+線壊変核種であるとともに、電子捕獲壊変核種である。89Zrは、例えばサイクロトロンを用いて89Y(p、n)89Zrの核反応により製造することができる。詳細には、プロトン照射後の89Yターゲットを酸で溶解した溶解液を、89Zrを吸着可能な捕集剤を担持したカラムカートリッジ等に通液する。その後、該カラムカートリッジを水などの溶媒で洗浄したのちに、シュウ酸水溶液を通液することで、89Zrイオンを溶出させて溶液として回収することができる。
CDTA(Cyclohexane-trans-1,2-diamine tetra-acetic acid)
CDTPA(4-cyano-4-[[(dodecylthio)thioxomethyl]thio]-Pentanoic acid)
DOTMA((1R,4R,7R,10R)-α,α’,α’’,α’’’-tetramethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid)
DOTAM(1,4,7,10-tetrakis(carbamoylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane)
DOTA-GA(α-(2-Carboxyethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid)
DOTP(((1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrayl)tetrakis(methylene))tetraphosphonicacid)
DOTMP(1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrakis(methylenephosphonic acid))
DOTA-4AMP(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrakis(acetamidomethylenephosphonic acid)
DO2P(Tetraazacyclododecane dimethanephosphonic acid)
DTPA( N,N-bis[2-[bis(carboxymethyl)amino]ethyl]-glycine)
DTPA-BMA(5,8-Bis(carboxymethyl)-11-[2-(methylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-3-oxo-2,5,8,11-tetraazatridecan-13-oic acid)
EDTA(2,2’,2’’,2’’’-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(azanetriyl))tetraacetic acid)
NOTA(1,4,7-Triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triacetic acid)
OTP(1,4,7-Triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triyltris(methylenephosphonic acid)
TETA(1,4,8,11-Tetraazacyclotetradecane-N,N’,N’’,N’’’-tetraacetic acid)
TTHA(3,6,9,12-Tetrakis(carboxymethyl)-3,6,9,12-tetraazatetradecanedioic acid)
HEHA(1,2,7,10,13-hexaazacyclooctadecane-1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaacetic acid)
1,2-HOPO(N,N’,N’’,N’’’-tetra(1,2-dihydro-1-hydroxy-2-oxopyridine-6-carbonyl)-1,5,10,14-tetraazatetradecane)
PEPA(1,4,7,10,13-pentaazacyclopentadecane-N,N’,N’’,N’’’,N’’’’-penta-acetic acid)
H2bispa2(6,6’-({9-hydroxy-1,5-bis(methoxycarbonyl)-2,4-di(pyridine-2-yl)-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-3,7-diyl}bis(-methylene))dipicolinic acid)
H2dedpa(1,2-[{6-(carboxy)-pyridin-2-yl}-methylamino]ethane)
H2macropa(6-(1,4,10,13-tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecan-N,N’-methyl)picolinic acid)
H5decapa(N,N’’-bis(6-carboxy-2-pyridylmethyl)-diethylenetriamine-N,N’,N’’-triacetic acid)
H6phospa(N,N’-(methylenephosphonate)-N,N’-[6-(methoxycarbonyl)pyridin-2-yl]-methyl-1,2-diaminoethane)
HP-D03A(Hydroxypropyltetraazacyclododecanetriaceticacid)
上記pは、それぞれ独立して、0以上3以下の整数である。
式(1)中、R14又はR15の他方が、-(CH2)pCOOH、-(CH2)pC5H5N、-(CH2)pPO3H2、若しくは、-(CH2)pCONH2からなる基であるか、又は、ターゲティング剤と連結するための反応原子団若しくはターゲティング剤と連結している基である。
上記pは、それぞれ独立して、0以上3以下の整数である。
ターゲティング剤、及びターゲティング剤と連結するための反応原子団若しくはターゲティング剤と連結している基の詳細については後述する。
DOTMA((1R,4R,7R,10R)-α,α’,α’’,α’’’-tetramethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid)
DOTAM(1,4,7,10-tetrakis(carbamoylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane)
DOTA-GA(α-(2-Carboxyethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid)
DOTP(((1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrayl)tetrakis(methylene))tetraphosphonicacid)
DOTMP(1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrakis(methylenephosphonic acid))
DOTA-4AMP(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrakis(acetamidomethylenephosphonic acid)
DO2P(Tetraazacyclododecane dimethanephosphonic acid)
上述の水溶性有機化合物は、水に溶解する有機化合物であって、上述した配位子化合物及び後述する有機溶媒とは別の化合物である。したがって、本明細書における水溶性有機化合物は、配位子化合物及び有機溶媒に包含されない。本工程において用いられる水溶性有機化合物は、スルホ基を1つ若しくは2つ有するか、又は、カルボキシ基を1つ若しくは2つ有するものであれば特に限定されない。
以下の説明では、所定の構造を有し、配位子化合物及び有機溶媒に包含されない水溶性有機化合物を「第2有機化合物」ともいう。
「有機溶媒が非含有である」とは、反応液中に意図的に有機溶媒を含有させないが、反応液中に不可避的に有機溶媒が混入することは許容することを意味する。
構造中にスルホ基を有する場合、第2有機化合物の総炭素数が、好ましくは4以上10以下であり、更に好ましくは6以上8以下である。
また構造中にスルホ基を有する場合、第2有機化合物は、構造中にヘテロ原子を有することが好ましく、構造中に窒素原子を少なくとも有することが好ましく、構造中にシクロヘキサン環又は複素環を有することが更に好ましく、窒素原子を2つ有するか、又は窒素原子及び酸素原子を有する飽和複素環を構造中に含むことが一層好ましく、モルホリン環又はピペラジン環を構造中に含むことがより一層好ましい。
また構造中にスルホ基を有する場合、構造中にアルカンスルホン酸基を有することも好ましく、当該アルカンスルホン酸基がヘテロ原子と結合していることも好ましく、構造中にアミノアルカンスルホン酸を有することがより好ましい。
上述したいずれの場合であっても、構造中にスルホ基を有する第2有機化合物は、両性イオン化合物であることが好ましく、アミノアルカンスルホン酸誘導体であることが更に好ましい。
構造中にスルホ基を2つ有する第2有機化合物としては、例えば、2-[4-(2-ヒドロキシエチル)-1-ピペラジニル]-エタンスルホン酸(HEPES)、ピペラジン-1,4-ビス(2-エタンスルホン酸)(PIPES)などのピペラジン環を構造中に有するジスルホン酸;及び/又はこれらの塩などが挙げられる。
構造中にスルホ基を有する第2有機化合物の対イオンとしては、例えば、ナトリウム、カリウム等のアルカリ金属イオン、アンモニウム、テトラメチルアンモニウム塩等の第1級ないし第4級アンモニウムなどの陽イオン、塩素等のハロゲン等の陰イオンが挙げられる。
構造中にカルボキシ基を有する場合、第2有機化合物の総炭素数が、好ましくは2以上10以下であり、更に好ましくは2以上8以下である。
また構造中にカルボキシ基を有する場合、第2有機化合物は、飽和若しくは不飽和の脂肪族カルボン酸又は芳香族カルボン酸であることが好ましく、飽和脂肪族カルボン酸であることがより好ましい。
構造中にカルボキシ基を2つ有する第2有機化合物としては、例えば、マロン酸、酒石酸等の直鎖脂肪族モノカルボン酸、フタル酸等の芳香族ジカルボン酸;及び/又はこれらの塩等が挙げられる。
構造中にカルボキシ基を有する第2有機化合物の対イオンとしては、例えば、ナトリウム、カリウム等のアルカリ金属イオン、アンモニウム、テトラメチルアンモニウム塩等の第1級ないし第4級アンモニウムなどの陽イオン、塩素等のハロゲン等の陰イオンが挙げられる。
このような有機化合物は比較的入手が容易であるので、製造コストを低減しながらも、標識率を更に高めることができる。好適な第2有機化合物を含む反応液は、これらの有機化合物を含む水性の溶液として予め調製した状態で、本工程に用いることができる。これらは本工程において、pH緩衝作用を発揮する緩衝液となっていてもよく、pH緩衝作用を発揮しない液体であってもよい。
放射性標識を行うに当たり悪影響を及ぼし得る放射性Zrイオンとの相互作用を低減して、標識効率を更に高める観点から、反応液のpHは、好ましくは2.0以上6.0以下にある状態で本工程を行う。
上述のとおり、本工程に用いられる第2有機化合物を含む反応液は、反応開始から終了までの間に、pH緩衝作用を発揮する緩衝液であってもよく、pH緩衝作用を発揮していない液体であってもよい。
反応液のpHは、例えば予めpHを調整した第2有機化合物の水溶液を反応液中に混合して調整することができる。また、放射性Zrイオン含有液、配位子化合物の水溶液及び第2有機化合物の水溶液をそれぞれ予め調製して、これらの水溶液の混合比を調整して混合して、反応液のpHを調整することができる。あるいは、放射性Zrイオン、配位子化合物及び第2有機化合物を混合した液体に対して、塩酸などの無機酸や、水酸化ナトリウム等の金属水酸化物を添加して、反応液のpHを調整することもできる。
本工程で用いられる反応液として、水及び第2有機化合物を含み、有機溶媒を含まない水性液を用いる。
本工程で用いられる反応液は、そのpHを酸性領域に調整しておく。
反応圧力は、大気圧とすることができる。
反応時間は、上述の反応温度であることを条件として、好ましくは15分以上150分以下、更に好ましくは30分以上120分以下である。
酸性領域に維持された反応液中では、配位子化合物は、放射性Zrイオンと反応可能な化学構造が維持されており、また放射性Zrイオンも配位子化合物と反応可能な酸化状態が維持されている。一方で、所定の構造を有する第2有機化合物は、その反応液中の化学構造が、酸性領域下において放射性Zrイオンと意図せず配位してしまうなどの悪影響が生じないか、又は当該悪影響が生じる反応速度が配位子化合物との反応速度と比較して十分に遅く、主反応である標識反応が有利に進行する構造となっている。これによって、放射性Zrイオンと配位子化合物との反応が進行し、標識率を安定的に高めることができると推察される。
後述する実施例に示すとおり、所定の構造を有する第2有機化合物は、pH緩衝作用を発揮するpH範囲から大きく外れたpH条件であっても標識反応が良好に進行することから、本発明における標識反応の安定的な進行は、水溶性有機化合物が潜在的に有するpH緩衝作用が液中で発揮されることに起因するものではないと推察される。この点に関して、本発明者は、後述する実施例に示すとおり、特許文献1にて開示されている条件である、第2有機化合物を非含有とし且つ酸性の生理食塩水を反応液として用いた場合には、標識率が本発明の製造方法よりも劣ってしまうことを確認している。したがって、反応液中の第2有機化合物は、反応液のpHを酸性領域に維持することで、放射性Zrイオンと配位子化合物との標識反応を良好に進行させる役割を担っていることも推測される。
この場合、R14及びR15のうち一方が、水素原子であるか、又は-(CH2)pCOOHからなる基で表され、pが1以上3以下の整数であるカルボキシアルキル基であることも好ましい。またこの場合、R14及びR15の他方が、-(CH2)pCOOHからなる基で表され、pが1以上3以下の整数であるカルボキシアルキル基であるか、又はターゲティング剤と連結するための反応原子団若しくは連結している基であることも好ましい。
R11、R12、R13、R14及びR15が上述した好適な基を有する場合、R14及びR15のうち一方が水素原子である場合には、R14及びR15の他方はターゲティング剤と連結するための反応原子団又はターゲティング剤と連結している基であることが好ましい。
つまり、R14がターゲティング剤と連結するための反応原子団若しくはターゲティング剤と連結している基である場合はR15が水素原子であり、R15がターゲティング剤と連結するための反応原子団又はターゲティング剤と連結している基である場合はR14が水素原子であることが好ましい。
本明細書における「ターゲティング剤」は、生体内の標的臓器若しくは組織に対する指向性、又は標的分子に対する特異性を発現させるための化学構造を指す。本明細書では、標的臓器若しくは組織又は標的分子を総称して「標的部位」ともいう。
これらのターゲティング剤は、配位子化合物と直接結合していてもよく、PEGなどの他の公知のリンカー構造を介して間接的に結合していてもよい。
連結にクリック反応を用いる場合は、例えば、ターゲティング剤が有する反応原子団、及び配位子化合物が有するターゲティング剤と連結するための反応原子団は、いずれもクリック反応可能な原子団を含む基とすることができる。
このような化学構造を有する配位子化合物を用いることによって、標的部位に対する特異性又は指向性を有するターゲティング剤と容易に結合させやすくでき、またターゲティング剤の標的部位に対する特異性又は指向性を十分維持した状態で、標的部位に対する特異性又は指向性を有する放射性Zr錯体を収率高く得ることができる。
このような原子団の例としては、構成するアミノ酸残基が3残基以上であるペプチドであればよく、例えばIgG、IgA、IgM、IgD及びIgEのクラスを有する抗体(免疫グロブリン)、Fabフラグメント、F(ab’)2フラグメント等の抗体断片、ペプチドアプタマーが挙げられる。また、このようなターゲティング剤を構成するアミノ酸は天然のものであってもよく、合成されたものであってもよい。
またペプチドを含む上記原子団の分子量は特に限定されない。
本明細書における「反応原子団」とは、一方の化合物と他方の化合物とを結合させる際の反応が直接生じる化学構造を指す。このような反応原子団としては、例えばクリック反応可能な原子団が挙げられるが、これに限られない。
式(5b)中、R2は、配位子化合物又はターゲティング剤を含む原子団との結合部位を示す。
式(5c)中、R3及びR4のうち一方が配位子化合物又はターゲティング剤を含む原子団との結合部位を示し、他方が水素原子、メチル基、フェニル基又はピリジル基を示す。
式(5d)中、R5は、配位子化合物又はターゲティング剤を含む原子団との結合部位を示す。
この場合、ターゲティング剤は、配位子化合物における反応原子団と特異的に結合するクリック反応可能な原子団で修飾されている化合物を用いることができる。
ターゲティング剤を修飾するクリック反応可能な原子団としては上述のものと同様のものを用いることができる。このような化合物を用いることで、標的部位に対する特異性又は指向性を備えた放射性Zr錯体を製造できる。
放射性Zr元素として89Zrを用いた。また配位子化合物として、DOTA(上記式(1)中、R11、R12、R13及びR14が全て「‐CH2COOH」基であり、R15が水素原子である。)を用いた。
実施例1~3については、配位子化合物水溶液を1.5μLと、放射性Zr源として89Zrイオン含有溶液(溶媒:0.1mol/L塩酸水溶液、放射能濃度1.57~6.51MBq/mL)を100μLと、第2有機化合物として0.1mol/L酢酸-酢酸ナトリウム水溶液(pH:4.0~6.0)を198.5μLとを反応容器(ガラスバイアル)内でそれぞれ混合して、以下の表1に示す各種濃度及びpHを有する反応液をそれぞれ調製した。これらの反応液はいずれも有機溶媒が非含有のものである。
実施例4については、配位子化合物水溶液を150μL添加し、第2有機化合物として0.78mol/L酢酸-酢酸ナトリウム水溶液(pH:6.0)を50μL添加した以外は、実施例1と同様に混合して、以下の表1に示す各種濃度及びpHを有する反応液を調製した。この反応液は有機溶媒が非含有のものである。
展開後の薄層クロマトグラムをTLC解析装置(GITA Star)に導入して、89Zr錯体溶液中の未反応の89Zrを含む全89Zr放射能カウント及び89Zr錯体の放射能カウントをそれぞれ測定した。そして、全89Zr放射能カウントに対する89Zr錯体の放射能カウントの百分率を標識率(%)として算出した。標識率は、標識反応の進行度合いを示すものであり、標識率が高いほど、目的とする放射性Zr標識化合物が多く生成しており、標識反応が良好に進行していることを意味する。結果を以下の表1に示す。
放射化学的収率(%)=標識率×(100-吸着率)/100 ・・・(I)
第2有機化合物として、酢酸-酢酸ナトリウム水溶液に代えて、0.1mol/LのHEPES-NaOH水溶液(pH:6.0~8.0)を用い、以下の表1に示す各種濃度及びpHを有する反応液をそれぞれ調製した。これらの反応液はいずれも有機溶媒が非含有のものである。これ以外は実施例1と同様の方法で実施、評価した。結果を以下の表1に示す。
第2有機化合物として、酢酸-酢酸ナトリウム水溶液に代えて、0.1mol/Lフタル酸ナトリウム水溶液(pH:4.0)を用い、以下の表1に示す各種濃度及びpHを有する反応液を調製した。この反応液は有機溶媒が非含有のものである。そして、反応液の加熱時間を以下の表1に示すように変更した。これ以外は実施例1と同様の方法で実施、評価した。結果を以下の表1に示す。
第2有機化合物として、酢酸-酢酸ナトリウム水溶液に代えて、0.1mol/Lマロン酸ナトリウム水溶液(pH:4.0)を用い、以下の表1に示す各種濃度及びpHを有する反応液を調製した。この反応液は有機溶媒が非含有のものである。そして、反応液の加熱時間を以下の表1に示すように変更した。これ以外は実施例1と同様の方法で実施、評価した。結果を以下の表1に示す。
第2有機化合物として、酢酸-酢酸ナトリウム水溶液に代えて、0.1mol/LのMES水溶液(pH:4.0)を用い、以下の表1に示す各種濃度及びpHを有する反応液を調製した。この反応液は有機溶媒が非含有のものである。そして、反応液の加熱時間を以下の表1に示すように変更した。これ以外は実施例1と同様の方法で実施、評価した。結果を以下の表1に示す。
第2有機化合物として、酢酸-酢酸ナトリウム水溶液に代えて、0.1mol/LのTES水溶液(pH:4.0)を用い、以下の表1に示す各種濃度及びpHを有する反応液を調製した。この反応液は有機溶媒が非含有のものである。そして、反応液の加熱時間を以下の表1に示すように変更した。これ以外は実施例1と同様の方法で実施、評価した。結果を以下の表1に示す。
配位子化合物として、DOTAに代えて、DOTAGA-DBCO(上記式(X))を用いた。
上記配位子化合物を0.1mol/L酢酸-酢酸ナトリウム水溶液(pH:5.0)に溶解させて、上記配位子化合物を300mmol/L含む溶液を調製した。
実施例11については、配位子化合物水溶液を150μLと、放射性Zr源として89Zrイオン含有溶液(溶媒:0.1mоl/L塩酸溶液、放射能濃度62MBq/mL)を100μLと、第2有機化合物として0.1mol/L酢酸-酢酸ナトリウム水溶液(pH:5.0)を100μLとを反応容器(ガラスバイアル)内でそれぞれ混合して、以下の表1に示す各種濃度及びpHを有する反応液を調製した。この反応液は有機溶媒が非含有のものである。これ以外は実施例1と同様の方法で実施、評価した。結果を以下の表1に示す。
第2有機化合物として、酢酸-酢酸ナトリウム水溶液に代えて、0.1mol/LのTris-HCl水溶液(pH:8.0~9.0)を用い、以下の表1に示す各種濃度及びpHを有する反応液を調製した。この反応液は有機溶媒が非含有のものである。これ以外は実施例1と同様の方法で実施、評価した。結果を以下の表1に示す。
第2有機化合物として、酢酸-酢酸ナトリウム水溶液に代えて、0.1mol/Lクエン酸ナトリウム水溶液(pH:4.5)を用い、以下の表1に示す各種濃度及びpHを有する反応液を調製した。この反応液は有機溶媒が非含有のものである。これ以外は実施例1と同様の方法で実施、評価した。結果を以下の表1に示す。
第2有機化合物として、酢酸-酢酸ナトリウム水溶液に代えて、生理食塩水(0.154mol/L塩化ナトリウム水溶液)を用い、以下の表1に示す各種濃度及びpHを有する反応液を調製した。この反応液は有機溶媒が非含有のものである。そして、反応液を室温(25℃)で維持した状態で、加熱せずに反応を行った。これ以外は実施例1と同様の方法で実施、評価した。結果を以下の表1に示す。
第2有機化合物として、酢酸-酢酸ナトリウム水溶液に代えて、生理食塩水(0.154mol/L塩化ナトリウム水溶液)を用い、以下の表1に示す濃度及びpHを有する反応液を調製した。この反応液は有機溶媒が非含有のものである。これ以外は実施例1と同様の方法で実施、評価した。結果を以下の表1に示す。
また、実施例2と実施例4とを比較すると、第2有機化合物の濃度が少ないほうが、標識率及びRCYをともにより一層向上できることも判る。
Claims (10)
- 放射性ジルコニウムイオンと、配位子化合物とを水を含む反応液中で反応させて、放射性ジルコニウムイオンを該配位子化合物に配位させる工程を備え、
前記反応液は、有機溶媒が非含有であり、且つ、
前記配位子化合物と、
スルホ基を1つ若しくは2つ有する水溶性有機化合物、又は、カルボキシ基を1つ若しくは2つ有する水溶性有機化合物と、を含み、
前記反応液のpHが酸性領域にある、放射性ジルコニウム錯体の製造方法。 - 前記反応液のpHが2.0以上6.0以下である、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記反応液に含まれる前記水溶性有機化合物の濃度が、0.01mol/L以上2.0mol/L以下である、請求項1又は2に記載の製造方法。
- 前記水溶性有機化合物が、酢酸、フタル酸若しくはマロン酸又は2-[4-(2-ヒドロキシエチル)-1-ピペラジニル]-エタンスルホン酸、N-トリス(ヒドロキシメチル)メチル-2-アミノエタンスルホン酸若しくは2-モルホリノエタンスルホン酸である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 30℃以上100℃以下に前記反応液を加熱して、前記放射性ジルコニウムイオンと前記配位子化合物とを反応させる、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記配位子化合物が下記式(1)で表される、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記式中、R11、R12及びR13はいずれも、-(CH2)pCOOHからなる基であり、
R14又はR15の一方が、水素原子であるか、又は-(CH2)pCOOHからなる基であり、
R14又はR15の他方が、-(CH2)pCOOHからなる基であるか、又は、ターゲティング剤と連結するための反応原子団若しくはターゲティング剤と連結している基であり、
R14がターゲティング剤と連結するための反応原子団若しくはターゲティング剤と連結している基である場合は、R15は水素原子であり、
R15がターゲティング剤と連結するための反応原子団若しくはターゲティング剤と連結している基である場合は、R14は水素原子である、請求項6に記載の製造方法。 - 前記ターゲティング剤が、鎖状ペプチド、環状ペプチド若しくはこれらの組み合わせ、タンパク質、抗体若しくはそのフラグメント、成長因子、アフィボディ、ユニボディ、ナノボディ、単糖類、多糖類、ビタミン、アンチセンス核酸、siRNA、miRNA、核酸アプタマー、デコイ核酸、cPGオリゴ核酸、ペプチド核酸、リポソーム、ミセル、カーボンナノチューブ、ナノ粒子から選ばれる一種又は二種以上を含む原子団である、請求項6又は7に記載の製造方法。
- 前記ターゲティング剤と連結するための反応原子団が、アジド基若しくはアルキニル基、または、ジエン若しくはジエノフィルである、請求項6又は7に記載の製造方法。
- ターゲティング剤と連結するための反応原子団を有する前記配位子化合物を用いて、前記放射性ジルコニウムイオンを該配位子化合物に配位させ、然る後に、
前記反応原子団と、前記ターゲティング剤とを反応させる、請求項6~9のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
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