WO2022085452A1 - 高融点配管閉塞物質の生成抑制装置及び方法 - Google Patents
高融点配管閉塞物質の生成抑制装置及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022085452A1 WO2022085452A1 PCT/JP2021/036976 JP2021036976W WO2022085452A1 WO 2022085452 A1 WO2022085452 A1 WO 2022085452A1 JP 2021036976 W JP2021036976 W JP 2021036976W WO 2022085452 A1 WO2022085452 A1 WO 2022085452A1
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- Prior art keywords
- pipe
- urea water
- urea
- suppressing
- hydrolysis
- Prior art date
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- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N anhydrous cyanic acid Natural products OC#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- WTHDKMILWLGDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea;hydrate Chemical compound O.NC(N)=O WTHDKMILWLGDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical compound OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- OWIKHYCFFJSOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isocyanic acid Chemical compound N=C=O OWIKHYCFFJSOEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical group [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 37
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 14
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- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
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- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004451 qualitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
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- B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
- B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
- B01F23/21—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media
- B01F23/213—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids
- B01F23/2132—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids using nozzles
- B01F23/21321—High pressure atomization, i.e. the liquid is atomized and sprayed by a jet at high pressure
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- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/30—Injector mixers
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- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
- B01F35/71—Feed mechanisms
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01C—AMMONIA; CYANOGEN; COMPOUNDS THEREOF
- C01C1/00—Ammonia; Compounds thereof
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- C01C1/08—Preparation of ammonia from nitrogenous organic substances
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- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
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- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
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- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/40—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a hydrolysis catalyst
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- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
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- F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for suppressing the formation of a high melting point pipe obstruction substance and a method for suppressing pipe obstruction due to a high melting point substance, and suppresses pipe obstruction due to scale adhesion in the pipe due to a high melting point substance derived from urea produced by thermal decomposition of urea.
- the present invention relates to a device for suppressing the production of a high melting point pipe obstruction substance and a method for suppressing pipe obstruction due to a high melting point substance.
- Exhaust gas emitted from a diesel engine contains pollutants such as HC (hydrocarbon), CO (carbon monoxide), NOx (nitrogen oxide) and PM (Particulate Matter).
- pollutants such as HC (hydrocarbon), CO (carbon monoxide), NOx (nitrogen oxide) and PM (Particulate Matter).
- NOx is a denitration catalyst that is a selective reduction NOx catalyst as a promising catalyst that can purify NOx because it is difficult to purify it with oxidation catalysts and three-way catalysts that are put into practical use in gasoline vehicles.
- Patent Document 1 Patent Document 1
- the denitration catalyst contributes to the removal of NOx that produces nitrogen gas (N 2 ) by the following reaction between NOx such as NO and NO 2 and ammonia (reducing agent).
- NOx such as NO and NO 2 and ammonia (reducing agent).
- 4NO + 4NH 3 + O 2 ⁇ 4N 2 + 6H 2 O NO + NO 2 + 2NH 3 ⁇ 2N 2 + 3H 2 O
- Patent Document 1 as a method of supplying ammonia as a reducing agent, a method of adding urea from a urea water tank to the exhaust system on the upstream side of the denitration catalyst to generate ammonia and using it is known. Is hydrolyzed by the heat of the exhaust gas or by a hydrolysis catalyst to produce ammonia, but in the thermal decomposition of urea by the heat of the exhaust gas, it changes to a refractory substance such as cyanuric acid, isocyanic acid, and melamine and decomposes. It is pointed out that there is a problem that the efficiency is lowered and the NOx reduction performance in the downstream is lowered, and that there is a problem that the pipes and the like are clogged with the high melting point substance.
- Patent Document 1 only points out that all refractory substances such as cyanuric acid, isocyanic acid, and melamine have a problem of pipe blockage, and what is the substance involved in pipe blockage due to scale adhesion in the pipe? It is not clear if there is one.
- isocyanic acid and cyanuric acid are produced by heating at 150 ° C to 300 ° C, and some isocyanic acid and cyanuric acid have a slow reaction rate and are about 150. There is a path to be polymerized (trimerized) to cyanuric acid at ° C to about 300 ° C.
- ammonia is intermolecularly separated to produce isocyanic acid or cyanic acid, some of which form burettes (intermediates). Further, when the temperature rises to 196 ° C., this intermediate is decomposed into cyanuric acid.
- the present inventor focuses on isocyanic acid and cyanic acid which are not multimers, and if the hydrolysis of isocyanic acid and cyanic acid is promoted before isocyanic acid and cyanic acid are polymerized to form cyanuric acid, We have found that the amount of cyanic acid produced is reduced, leading to the present invention.
- the subject of the present invention is to promote the hydrolysis of isocyanic acid and cyanuric acid to reduce the amount of cyanuric acid produced, thereby suppressing the generation suppression device for the melting point pipe obstruction substance and the pipe obstruction due to the melting point pipe obstruction substance.
- a urea water spray nozzle is connected near the tip of the urea water supply pipe, and the urea water spray nozzle is connected. It has a mixing portion of the exhaust gas flowing in the pipe and the sprayed urea water sprayed from the urea water spray nozzle.
- a metal sheet is provided around the mixing portion in a strip shape on all or part of the inner wall surface of the pipe.
- a urea water spray nozzle is connected near the tip of the urea water supply pipe, and the urea water spray nozzle is connected. It has a mixing portion of the exhaust gas flowing in the pipe and the sprayed urea water sprayed from the urea water spray nozzle.
- a method for suppressing pipe blockage due to a refractory substance which is characterized by reducing the amount of cyanuric acid produced. 6. 5. The method for suppressing pipe blockage due to a melting point substance according to 5, wherein the hydrolysis catalyst is made of an oxide containing one or more elements selected from Ti, Al, and Si. 7. 5. The method for suppressing pipe blockage due to the refractory substance according to 5, wherein the hydrolysis catalyst is a TiO 2 catalyst. 8.
- the hydrolysis catalyst layer is brought into contact with the sprayed urea water sprayed from the urea water spray nozzle, and water is added from isocyanic acid and cyanic acid, which are by-products other than ammonia generated by thermal decomposition of urea, and water in the atmosphere.
- isocyanic acid and cyanic acid for the reaction of polymerizing isocyanic acid and cyanic acid to cyanulic acid decrease, and as a result, from urea.
- a device for suppressing the production of a melting point pipe obstruction substance and a method for suppressing pipe obstruction due to a melting point substance by promoting hydrolysis of isocyanic acid or cyanuric acid and reducing the amount of cyanuric acid produced. can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a device for suppressing the production of a high melting point pipe obstruction substance according to the present invention.
- 1 is a diesel engine
- 2 is an exhaust gas pipe that sends exhaust gas discharged from the diesel engine 1.
- the hydrolysis device 3 is a urea water hydrolysis device, also called a vaporizer.
- the hydrolysis device 3 is provided in the vaporization pipe 4.
- An exhaust gas introduction port 5 is provided at the inlet of the vaporization pipe 4, and the exhaust gas is introduced into the vaporization pipe 4 from the introduction port 5.
- a urea water supply pipe 6 for supplying pressurized air (compressed air) and urea water is inserted into the vaporization pipe 4, and a urea water spray nozzle 7 is provided near the tip of the urea water supply pipe 6.
- the urea spray nozzle 7 is configured to be able to supply the urea spray into the vaporization pipe 4.
- Reference numeral 8 is a mixing portion of the exhaust gas flowing in the vaporization pipe 4 and the sprayed urea water sprayed from the urea water spray nozzle.
- a metal sheet 9 is provided around the mixing portion 8 in a band shape on all or part of the inner wall surface of the vaporization pipe 4, and a hydrolysis catalyst that promotes hydrolysis of urea is provided on the inner surface of the metal sheet 9.
- the layer 10 is formed.
- the laminated structure in which the hydrolysis catalyst layer 10 is formed on the metal sheet 9 is preferably formed in the form of a sheet.
- the metal sheet 9 is preferably, for example, an aluminum metal sheet or a stainless metal sheet.
- the catalyst material used for the hydrolysis catalyst layer 10 may be a urea hydrolysis catalyst, but specifically, it is preferably a metal oxide that functions as a catalyst that promotes the hydrolysis of urea.
- the metal oxide examples include oxides containing one or more elements selected from Ti, Al, and Si (Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 , TIO 2 , etc.). .. TIO 2 is preferable from the viewpoint of good balance between availability, safety and catalytic performance.
- the method of applying the hydrolysis catalyst on the metal sheet 9 to form the hydrolysis catalyst layer 10 is not particularly limited, and it is sufficient that the hydrolysis catalyst can be immobilized on the metal sheet 9 to form the hydrolysis catalyst layer 10.
- a hydrolysis catalyst coating liquid is prepared by mixing a dispersion liquid with titanium oxide as a catalyst, and the coating liquid is applied to a metal sheet 9 such as an aluminum metal sheet or a stainless metal sheet to prepare a hydrolysis catalyst layer. 10 can be formed.
- the hydrolysis catalyst may be directly applied to the inner wall of the metal exhaust gas pipe instead of the metal sheet 9.
- a method of applying the hydrolysis catalyst on the metal sheet 9 or on the inner wall of the metal exhaust gas pipe in addition to the application of the hydrolysis catalyst coating liquid, for example, brush coating, dip coating, spraying, thermal spraying, CVD and the like described above are performed. It can be applied by various methods.
- the position where the metal sheet 9 to which the hydrolysis catalyst is applied and the hydrolysis catalyst layer 10 is formed is installed, or the position of the inner wall of the pipe to which the hydrolysis catalyst is applied is located in the pipe from the viewpoint of bringing urea water into contact with the catalyst.
- the vicinity of the position where the urea water spray nozzle 7 is placed is preferable.
- the urea water spray nozzle 7 is arranged at the exhaust gas pipe position between the combustion chamber and the front of the turbocharger, or at the exhaust gas pipe position after the turbocharger from the combustion chamber. Even in the case of, it is preferable to arrange it in the vicinity of the position of the urea water spray nozzle 7.
- NH 3 is produced by the above-mentioned hydrolysis reaction in which urea is hydrolyzed in the hydrolysis device 3, and in the denitration device 11, the exhaust gas containing NOx and NH 3 is discharged by the denitration catalyst.
- reduction reaction it is reduced to N 2 and purified.
- the denitration catalyst is not particularly limited, but is a binary composite oxide such as TiO 2 or SiO 2 -TIO 2 , WO 3 -TIO 2 , SiO 2 -TIO 2 , Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 and the like. Or, on a carrier such as a ternary composite oxide such as WO 3 -SiO 2 -TiO 2 , Mo 3 -SiO 2 -TiO 2 , V, Cr, Mo, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Ag, Au. , Pd, Y, Ce, Nd, W, In, Ir, Nb and other active ingredients are supported on the honeycomb structure, and NOx is reduced to nitrogen gas in the presence of NH 3 (reducing agent).
- a catalyst that converts and purifies is used.
- the temperature adjusting unit 12 is provided on the outer peripheral side of the vaporization pipe 4 so as to cover the vaporization pipe 4.
- the temperature adjusting unit 12 is preferably, for example, a piping mantle heater.
- the hydrolysis catalyst layer is coated with a urea spray nozzle.
- the temperature of the vaporization pipe 4 is adjusted by the temperature adjusting unit 12 provided on the outer peripheral side of the exhaust gas pipe. Can be done. Thereby, the temperature of the exhaust gas introduced into the vaporization pipe 4 can be adjusted. By providing the temperature adjusting unit 12, the temperature can be adjusted when the exhaust gas temperature needs to be adjusted. As a result, the amount of cyanuric acid produced is reduced, and pipe blockage due to the melting point substance can be suppressed.
- an air pipe double pipe structure
- the amount of air may be adjusted in conjunction with the temperature sensor of the exhaust gas.
- cyanuric acid HOCN
- Example 1 Using the NOx removing device shown in FIG. 1, an experiment was conducted to suppress the formation of a high boiling point pipe obstruction substance using a hydrolyzing device and a denitration device for exhaust gas discharged from a marine diesel engine.
- Hydrolysis catalyst A TiO 2 catalyst is applied in the form of a sheet on an aluminum metal sheet having a thickness of 0.1 mm, and a TiO 2 urea hydrolysis catalyst sheet having a total dry thickness of 0.105 mm to 0.200 mm (hereinafter, required). To produce a TiO 2 catalyst AL sheet).
- Denitration device Denitration catalyst A TiO 2 catalyst was immersed and coated on a metal honeycomb body to produce a honeycomb catalyst, which was used as a denitration catalyst. This catalyst has a denitration function and a hydrolysis function.
- Example 1 Comparative Example 1 In Example 1, the same experiment as in Example 1 was carried out except that only the aluminum sheet was used without providing the catalyst on the aluminum sheet. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 2 Using the NOx removing device shown in FIG. 1, an experiment was conducted to suppress the formation of a high boiling point pipe obstruction substance using a hydrolyzing device and a denitration device for exhaust gas discharged from a marine diesel engine.
- Hydrolysis catalyst A TiO 2 catalyst is applied in the form of a sheet on a stainless metal sheet having a thickness of 0.1 mm, and a TiO 2 urea hydrolysis catalyst sheet having a total dry thickness of 0.105 mm to 0.200 mm (hereinafter, required). To produce a TiO 2 catalyst SUS sheet).
- Denitration device Denitration catalyst A TiO 2 catalyst was immersed and coated on a metal honeycomb body to produce a honeycomb catalyst, which was used as a denitration catalyst. This catalyst has a denitration function and a hydrolysis function.
- Example 2 Comparative Example 2 In Example 2, the same experiment as in Example 2 was carried out except that the stainless steel sheet was used without providing the catalyst on the stainless steel sheet. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Examples 3-5 Further, in Examples 3 to 5, instead of the TiO 2 catalyst of Example 2, an Al 2 O 3 catalyst, an aluminum silicate oxide (Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 ) catalyst, and a silica (SiO 2 ) catalyst are used. Except for this, the experiment was carried out in the same manner as in Example 2. Table 3 shows the results of the effect of the SUS metal sheet coated with each of the four types of catalysts of Examples 2 to 5 on the SUS metal sheet to which the catalyst of Comparative Example 2 was not applied to suppress the production of a refractory substance (cyanuric acid). Shown in.
- a refractory substance cyanuric acid
- Diesel engine 2 Exhaust gas pipe 3 Urea water hydrolyzer (vaporizer) 4 Vaporization piping 5 Exhaust gas inlet 6 Urea water supply pipe 7 Urea water spray nozzle 8 Mixing part 9 Metal sheet 10 Hydrolysis catalyst layer 11 Denitration device 12 Temperature control part
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Abstract
Description
これらの汚染物質の中でも、NOxは、酸化触媒やガソリン自動車で実用化されている三元触媒では浄化が難しく、NOxを浄化することができる有望な触媒として選択還元型NOx触媒である脱硝触媒の研究が行われている(特許文献1)。
(1)4NO+4NH3+O2 → 4N2+6H2O
(2)NO+NO2+2NH3 → 2N2+3H2O
(3)6NO2 + 8NH3 → 7N2+12H2O
加圧空気と尿素水を供給する尿素水供給管を排ガスが流れる配管内に挿通し、
前記尿素水供給管の先端近傍に尿素水噴霧ノズルを接続し、
前記配管内を流れる排ガスと、前記尿素水噴霧ノズルから噴霧された噴霧尿素水との混合部を有し、
該混合部の周囲で前記配管の内壁面の全部または一部に、金属シートを帯状に周設してなり、
該金属シートの内面に、尿素の加水分解を促進する加水分解触媒層が形成されていることを特徴とする高融点配管閉塞物質の生成抑制装置。
2.
前記金属シートが、アルミニウム金属シート又はステンレス金属シートであることを特徴とする前記1記載の高融点配管閉塞物質の生成抑制装置。
3.
前記加水分解触媒が、Ti、Al、Siの中から選ばれた1種以上の元素を含む酸化物からなることを特徴とする前記1又は2記載の高融点配管閉塞物質の生成抑制装置。
4.
前記加水分解触媒が、TiO2触媒であることを特徴とする前記1又は2記載の高融点配管閉塞物質の生成抑制装置。
5.
加圧空気と尿素水を供給する尿素水供給管を排ガスが流れる配管内に挿通し、
前記尿素水供給管の先端近傍に尿素水噴霧ノズルを接続し、
前記配管内を流れる排ガスと、前記尿素水噴霧ノズルから噴霧された噴霧尿素水との混合部を有し、
該混合部の周囲の配管の内壁面の全部または一部に帯状に周設された金属シートの内面に、尿素の加水分解を促進する加水分解触媒層を形成し、
該加水分解触媒層に尿素水噴霧ノズルから噴霧された噴霧尿素水を接触させて、イソシアン酸(HN=C=O)やシアン酸(HOCN)の加水分解を促進することによりアンモニアを生成させると共に、シアヌル酸の生成量を減少させることを特徴とする高融点物質による配管閉塞を抑制する方法。
6.
前記加水分解触媒が、Ti、Al、Siの中から選ばれた1種以上の元素を含む酸化物からなることを特徴とする前記5記載の高融点物質による配管閉塞を抑制する方法。
7.
前記加水分解触媒が、TiO2触媒であることを特徴とする前記5記載の高融点物質による配管閉塞を抑制する方法。
8.
該加水分解触媒層に尿素水噴霧ノズルから噴霧された噴霧尿素水を接触させて、尿素が熱分解して発生するアンモニア以外の副生物であるイソシアン酸やシアン酸と雰囲気中の水分とから加水分解してアンモニアと二酸化炭素に変換する加水反応を促進することにより、イソシアン酸やシアン酸がシアヌル酸へ重合する反応をするための前記イソシアン酸や前記シアン酸が減少し、結果として尿素からのシアヌル酸の生成量を減少させることを特徴とする前記5、6又は7記載の高融点物質による配管閉塞を抑制する方法。
混合部8の周囲で気化用配管4の内壁面の全部または一部には、金属シート9が帯状に周設されており、金属シート9の内面に、尿素の加水分解を促進する加水分解触媒層10が形成されている。金属シート9上に加水分解触媒層10が形成された積層構造はシート状に形成されることが好ましい。
(NH2)2CO+H2O →2NH3+CO2
6NO2+8NH3→7N2+12H2O
図1に示すNOx除去装置を用いて、船舶用ディーゼルエンジンから排出される排ガスを加水分解装置と、脱硝装置を用いて、高沸点配管閉塞物質の生成抑制実験を行った。
(1)加水分解装置
排ガス量 :SV 90,000/h
加水分解装置用配管 :200℃加熱(250℃配管マントルヒーター加熱)
加水分解触媒:厚み0.1mmのアルミニウム金属シートの上に、TiO2触媒をシート状に塗布して、乾燥全厚みが0.105mm~0.200mmのTiO2尿素加水分解触媒シート(以下、必要により、TiO2触媒ALシートという)を製造した。
脱硝触媒:TiO2触媒を金属ハニカム体に浸漬塗布して、ハニカム触媒を製造し、脱硝触媒とした。この触媒は、脱硝機能と加水分解機能を有する。
(1)敢えて配管マントルヒーターの加熱温度450℃で得られる普段系内ガス温300℃より普段系内ガス温を100℃下げて、尿素水噴霧を行って、シアヌル酸生成を加速させるようにして実験した。すなわち、配管マントルヒーターの加熱温度を250℃にして系内ガス温200℃でのシアヌル酸生成挙動を調べた。
ア 4Hの32.5wt%尿素水供給量(g)は、表1の通りとした。
イ 純尿素供給流量(g/min)を表1のようにした。
ア 尿素由来の高融点物質(シアヌル酸)の生成量(g)(240分後)は、6.12gであった(表1参照)。
イ 尿素由来の高融点物質(シアヌル酸)の単位時間当たりの生成量(g/min)は、0.0255g/minであった(表1参照)。
実施例1において、アルミシートの上に触媒を設けることなく、アルミシートだけにした以外は、実施例1と同様に実験した。
その結果を表1に示した。
表1の実験結果から、触媒による供給尿素から高融点物質(シアヌル酸)への生成抑制効果は、6.7%から3.9%に減少したことから、42%減少したことがわかった。
図1に示すNOx除去装置を用いて、船舶用ディーゼルエンジンから排出される排ガスを加水分解装置と、脱硝装置を用いて、高沸点配管閉塞物質の生成抑制実験を行った。
(1)加水分解装置
排ガス量 :SV 90,000/h
加水分解装置用配管 :200℃加熱(250℃配管マントルヒーター加熱)
加水分解触媒:厚み0.1mmのステンレス金属シートの上に、TiO2触媒をシート状に塗布して、乾燥全厚みが0.105mm~0.200mmのTiO2尿素加水分解触媒シート(以下、必要により、TiO2触媒SUSシートという)を製造した。
脱硝触媒:TiO2触媒を金属ハニカム体に浸漬塗布して、ハニカム触媒を製造し、脱硝触媒とした。この触媒は、脱硝機能と加水分解機能を有する。
(1)配管マントルヒーター加熱温度450℃で得られる普段系内ガス温300℃より100℃下げた普段系内ガス温200℃で、尿素水噴霧を行って、シアヌル酸生成を加速させるようにして実験した。すなわち、配管マントルヒーター加熱温度を250℃にして系内ガス温200℃でのシアヌル酸生成挙動を調べた。
ア 4Hの32.5wt%尿素水供給量(g)は、表2の通りとした。
イ 純尿素供給流量(g/min)を表2のようにした。
ア 尿素由来の高融点物質(シアヌル酸)の生成量(g)(240時間後)は、1.92gであった(表2参照)。
イ 尿素由来の高融点物質(シアヌル酸)の単位時間当たりの生成量
(g/min)は、0.00800g/minであった(表2参照)。
1.23(%)(w/w)であった(表2参照)。
実施例2において、ステンレスシートの上に触媒を設けることなく、ステンレスシートだけにした以外は、実施例2と同様に実験した。
その結果を表2に示す。
表2の実験結果から、比較例2によれば、供給尿素から高融点物質(シアヌル酸)への転化率は、2.17%であった。
SUSシートにコートしたTiO2触媒の高融点物質(シアヌル酸)の生成の抑制効果は、供給尿素の高融点物質(シアヌル酸)への転化率が2.17%から1.23%に減少したことから、高融点物質(シアヌル酸)生成が43%減少したことがわかった。
また、実施例3~5は、実施例2のTiO2触媒に代えて、Al2O3触媒、珪酸アルミ酸化物(Al2O3-SiO2)触媒、及びシリカ(SiO2)触媒を用いること以外は、実施例2と同様に実験した。実施例2~5の4種類の触媒をそれぞれにコートしたSUS金属シートの、比較例2の触媒を付与していないSUS金属シートに対する高融点物質(シアヌル酸)の生成抑制効果の結果を表3に示す。
これらSUS金属シート表面にコートされた多孔質性の金属酸化物触媒のなかでは、TiO2系触媒、Al2O3触媒、珪酸アルミ酸化物(Al2O3-SiO2)触媒の尿素由来高融点物質(シアヌル酸)の生成抑制効果が比較的高く、TiO2系触媒が最も高いことがわかった。
2 排ガス管
3 尿素水の加水分解装置(気化装置)
4 気化用配管
5 排ガス導入口
6 尿素水供給管
7 尿素水噴霧ノズル
8 混合部
9 金属シート
10 加水分解触媒層
11 脱硝装置
12 温度調整部
Claims (8)
- 加圧空気と尿素水を供給する尿素水供給管を排ガスが流れる配管内に挿通し、
前記尿素水供給管の先端近傍に尿素水噴霧ノズルを接続し、
前記配管内を流れる排ガスと、前記尿素水噴霧ノズルから噴霧された噴霧尿素水との混合部を有し、
該混合部の周囲で前記配管の内壁面の全部または一部に、金属シートを帯状に周設してなり、
該金属シートの内面に、尿素の加水分解を促進する加水分解触媒層が形成されていることを特徴とする高融点配管閉塞物質の生成抑制装置。 - 前記金属シートが、アルミニウム金属シート又はステンレス金属シートであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の高融点配管閉塞物質の生成抑制装置。
- 前記加水分解触媒が、Ti、Al、Siの中から選ばれた1種以上の元素を含む酸化物からなることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の高融点配管閉塞物質の生成抑制装置。
- 前記加水分解触媒が、TiO2触媒であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の高融点配管閉塞物質の生成抑制装置。
- 加圧空気と尿素水を供給する尿素水供給管を排ガスが流れる配管内に挿通し、
前記尿素水供給管の先端近傍に尿素水噴霧ノズルを接続し、
前記配管内を流れる排ガスと、前記尿素水噴霧ノズルから噴霧された噴霧尿素水との混合部を有し、
該混合部の周囲の配管の内壁面の全部または一部に帯状に周設された金属シートの内面に、尿素の加水分解を促進する加水分解触媒層を形成し、
該加水分解触媒層に尿素水噴霧ノズルから噴霧された噴霧尿素水を接触させて、イソシアン酸(HN=C=O)やシアン酸(HOCN)の加水分解を促進することによりアンモニアを生成させると共に、シアヌル酸の生成量を減少させることを特徴とする高融点物質による配管閉塞を抑制する方法。 - 前記加水分解触媒が、Ti、Al、Siの中から選ばれた1種以上の元素を含む酸化物からなることを特徴とする請求項5記載の高融点物質による配管閉塞を抑制する方法。
- 前記加水分解触媒が、TiO2触媒であることを特徴とする請求項5記載の高融点物質による配管閉塞を抑制する方法。
- 該加水分解触媒層に尿素水噴霧ノズルから噴霧された噴霧尿素水を接触させて、尿素が熱分解して発生するアンモニア以外の副生物であるイソシアン酸やシアン酸と雰囲気中の水分とから加水分解してアンモニアと二酸化炭素に変換する加水反応を促進することにより、イソシアン酸やシアン酸がシアヌル酸へ重合する反応をするための前記イソシアン酸や前記シアン酸が減少し、結果として尿素からのシアヌル酸の生成量を減少させることを特徴とする請求項5、6又は7記載の高融点物質による配管閉塞を抑制する方法。
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