WO2022082524A1 - 基于差分采样的继电器检测电路和检测装置 - Google Patents

基于差分采样的继电器检测电路和检测装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022082524A1
WO2022082524A1 PCT/CN2020/122584 CN2020122584W WO2022082524A1 WO 2022082524 A1 WO2022082524 A1 WO 2022082524A1 CN 2020122584 W CN2020122584 W CN 2020122584W WO 2022082524 A1 WO2022082524 A1 WO 2022082524A1
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Prior art keywords
relay
positive
resistor
negative
detection circuit
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PCT/CN2020/122584
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘鹏飞
罗乐
吴壬华
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深圳欣锐科技股份有限公司
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Application filed by 深圳欣锐科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 深圳欣锐科技股份有限公司
Priority to CN202080006359.3A priority Critical patent/CN113167833B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2020/122584 priority patent/WO2022082524A1/zh
Publication of WO2022082524A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022082524A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
    • G01R31/3277—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers of low voltage devices, e.g. domestic or industrial devices, such as motor protections, relays, rotation switches
    • G01R31/3278—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers of low voltage devices, e.g. domestic or industrial devices, such as motor protections, relays, rotation switches of relays, solenoids or reed switches

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  • the present application relates to the technical field of automobiles, in particular to a relay detection circuit and detection device based on differential sampling.
  • the above relay detection circuit and detection device based on differential sampling can automatically detect the status of the positive relay and the negative relay and determine whether there is a fault.
  • a first aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a relay detection circuit based on differential sampling, the relay detection circuit includes a power supply circuit and a positive relay detection circuit; the power supply circuit includes a power supply, electrical equipment, a positive relay, and a negative relay;
  • the positive relay detection circuit includes a first non-inverting amplifier circuit, a first resistor and a second resistor;
  • the positive pole of the power supply is connected to one end of the positive relay, the other end of the positive relay is connected to the positive pole of the electrical equipment and one end of the first resistor, and the other end of the first resistor is connected to the first resistor.
  • the non-inverting input terminal of the non-inverting amplifier circuit and one end of the second resistor, the other end of the second resistor is connected to the negative pole of the power supply, the inverting input terminal of the first non-inverting amplifier circuit and the negative relay one end of the negative relay, the other end of the negative relay is connected to the negative electrode of the electrical equipment;
  • the relay detection circuit based on differential sampling further comprises a negative relay detection circuit, and the negative relay detection circuit comprises a second non-inverting amplifying circuit, a third resistor, a fourth resistor and a fifth resistor;
  • One end of the third resistor is connected to the positive electrode of the power supply and one end of the positive relay, and the other end of the third resistor is connected to one end of the fourth resistor, one end of the fifth resistor and the second
  • the non-inverting input end of the non-inverting amplifier circuit, the other end of the fourth resistor is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply, the inverting input end of the first non-inverting amplifier circuit, the other end of the second resistor, and the negative electrode relay
  • One end of the second non-inverting amplifying circuit and the inverting input end of the second non-inverting amplifying circuit, the other end of the negative relay is connected to the other end of the fifth resistor and the negative electrode of the electrical equipment;
  • the first non-inverting amplifier circuit includes a first amplifier, a sixth resistor, and a seventh resistor
  • the second non-inverting amplifier circuit includes a second amplifier, an eighth resistor, and a ninth resistor.
  • the positive relay detection circuit further includes a tenth resistor, one end of the tenth resistor is connected to the positive electrode of the power supply and one end of the positive relay, and the other end of the tenth resistor is connected to the a non-inverting input terminal of the first non-inverting amplifier circuit;
  • the relay detection circuit based on differential sampling further comprises a relay activation detection unit
  • the relay activation detection unit includes a positive relay activation detection unit and a negative relay activation detection unit, the positive relay activation detection unit is connected to both ends of the positive relay, and is used for detecting whether the positive relay is in a working state, and the negative relay is in a working state.
  • the relay activation detection unit is connected to both ends of the negative relay, and is used for detecting whether the negative relay is in a working state.
  • the relay detection circuit based on differential sampling further includes a fault judging unit, the fault judging unit includes a positive relay fault judging unit and a negative relay judging unit, and the positive relay fault judging unit is connected to the positive relay
  • the activation detection unit determines whether the positive relay is faulty according to the state of the positive relay and the voltage level of the first sampling terminal, and the negative relay fault judgment unit is connected to the activation detection unit of the negative relay.
  • the state of the relay and the voltage level of the second sampling terminal are used to determine whether the negative relay is faulty.
  • the relay detection circuit based on differential sampling further includes a fault alarm unit, the fault alarm unit includes a positive relay fault alarm unit and a negative relay fault alarm unit, the positive relay fault alarm unit is connected to the positive electrode A relay fault judging unit, when the positive relay fault judging unit judges that the positive relay is faulty, the positive fault alarm unit sends out a fault alarm; the negative relay fault alarm unit is connected to the negative relay fault judging unit, when all When the negative relay fault judgment unit judges that the negative relay is faulty, the negative relay fault alarm unit issues a fault alarm.
  • the relay detection circuit based on differential sampling further includes a protection circuit, and the protection circuit is configured to limit the voltage levels of the first sampling terminal and the second sampling terminal.
  • the protection circuit includes a Zener diode, the positive pole of the Zener diode is connected to the negative pole of the power supply, and the negative pole of the Zener diode is connected to the first non-inverting amplifier circuit or the second Non-inverting amplifier circuit.
  • a second aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a detection device, where the detection device includes the relay detection circuit described in the first aspect of the embodiments of the present application.
  • the relay detection circuit and detection device includes a power supply circuit and a positive relay detection circuit;
  • the power supply circuit includes a power supply, electrical equipment, a positive relay, and a negative relay;
  • the positive relay detection circuit includes a first identical a phase amplifying circuit, a first resistor and a second resistor; when the voltage at the first sampling terminal at the output end of the first non-inverting amplifier circuit is at a low level, it is determined that the positive relay is in a disconnected state, and when the first sampling terminal is at a low level When the voltage at the terminal is at a high level, it is determined that the positive relay is in a closed or stuck state. It can automatically detect the status of the positive relay and the negative relay and judge whether there is a fault.
  • the process is simple and efficient, which greatly reduces the probability of safety accidents caused by relay failures when users drive vehicles.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a positive relay detection circuit in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another positive relay detection circuit in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a positive and negative relay detection circuit in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of another positive and negative relay detection circuit in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another positive and negative relay detection circuit in an embodiment of the application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a protection circuit in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of another protection circuit in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another protection circuit based on FIG. 7 in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the closing of the relay means that the relay is turned on, which can be considered to be directly connected through the wire in performance; the adhesion of the relay also means that the contacts have been engaged (meaning that current can flow), but the resistance may be large.
  • the biggest difference between relay closure and relay sticking is whether the relay will respond to the command to open the relay and effectively cut off the relay.
  • the application scenario of this application involves the relay between the power supply side and the electrical equipment, including the relay between the power battery and the output of the on-board charger (On Board Charger, OBC); the relay between the battery and the OBC (DC/DC) output ; Relay between battery and vehicle controller; Relay between battery and fast charging interface; Relay between Parking Distance Control (PDC) and heater; Integrated motor control and DC/DC input
  • OBC On Board Charger
  • DC/DC DC/DC
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a positive relay detection circuit in an embodiment of the present application, including a power supply DC1, an electrical device DC2, A positive relay K1, a negative relay K2, a first non-inverting amplifying circuit, a first resistor R1 and a second resistor R2.
  • the positive pole of the power supply DC1 is connected to one end of the positive pole relay K1, the other end of the positive pole relay K1 is connected to the positive pole of the electrical equipment DC2 and one end of the first resistor R1, and the other end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the first resistance R1.
  • the non-inverting input end of the non-inverting amplifier circuit and one end of the second resistor R2, the other end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply DC1, the inverting input end of the first non-inverting amplifier circuit and the negative electrode relay K2 one end, the other end of the above-mentioned negative relay K2 is connected to the negative pole of the above-mentioned electrical equipment DC2; when the voltage of the first sampling terminal AD-SMP1 located at the output end of the above-mentioned first non-inverting amplifier circuit is low, it is determined that the above-mentioned positive relay K1 is in In the disconnected state, when the voltage of the first sampling terminal AD-SMP2 is at a high level, it is determined that the positive relay K1 is in a closed or stuck state.
  • the first resistor R1 is connected in series with the second resistor R2 and the first non-inverting amplifier circuit, respectively, and the second resistor R2 is connected in parallel with the first non-inverting amplifier circuit.
  • the positive relay K1 When the positive relay K1 is disconnected, the power supply DC1 has a voltage While the electrical equipment DC2 has no voltage, the non-inverting input terminal voltage of the first non-inverting amplifier circuit is 0V, the output terminal output voltage is low level, and the collected voltage of the first sampling terminal AD-SMP1 is also low level;
  • the above-mentioned positive relay is closed or stuck, the voltage of the non-inverting input terminal of the above-mentioned first non-inverting amplifying circuit is obtained after being divided by the above-mentioned first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2, the output voltage of the output terminal is high level, and the collected The voltage of the first sampling terminal AD-SMP1 is also a high level.
  • the above positive relay can be detected according to the output voltage of the first sampling terminal, the process is simple and efficient, and the probability of safety accidents caused by relay failures when the user drives the vehicle is greatly reduced.
  • One end of the tenth resistor R10 is connected to the positive electrode of the power supply DC1 and one end of the positive electrode relay K1, and the other end of the tenth resistor R10 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the first non-inverting amplifier circuit.
  • connection manner of other elements other than the tenth resistor R10 reference may be made to the connection manner described in FIG. 1 , which will not be repeated here.
  • the tenth resistor R10 is connected in parallel with the first resistor R1, and is connected in series with the second resistor R2 and the first non-inverting amplifier circuit.
  • the positive relay K1 is disconnected, the voltage at the non-inverting input terminal of the first non-inverting amplifier circuit passes through the above-mentioned After the tenth resistor R10 and the second resistor R2 are divided, the output voltage of the output terminal is high level, and the collected voltage of the first sampling terminal AD-SMP1 is also high level; when the above-mentioned positive relay is closed or adhered, Since the tenth resistor R10 is connected in parallel with the first resistor R1, the voltage at the non-inverting input terminal of the first non-inverting amplifying circuit is obtained after being divided by the first resistor R1, the second resistor R2 and the tenth resistor R10, and the output voltage of the output terminal is obtained. It is a low level, and the collected voltage of the first sampling terminal AD-SMP1 is also a
  • the positive relay can be detected in another way, which improves the flexibility of the detection method, and the circuit is simple and efficient, so that the probability of safety accidents caused by relay failures is greatly reduced when the user drives the vehicle.
  • FIG. 3 is a positive and negative relay detection circuit in an embodiment of the present application, including a power supply DC1 and an electrical device DC2 , A positive relay K1, a negative relay K2, a first non-inverting amplifier circuit, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a second non-inverting amplifier circuit, a third resistor, a fourth resistor and a fifth resistor.
  • One end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the positive electrode of the power supply DC1 and one end of the positive electrode relay K1, and the other end of the third resistor R3 is connected to one end of the fourth resistor R4, one end of the fifth resistor R5 and the first The non-inverting input terminal of the two non-inverting amplifier circuits, the other end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply DC1, the inverting input terminal of the first non-inverting amplifier circuit, the other end of the second resistor R2, and the negative electrode relay K2
  • One end of the above-mentioned second non-inverting amplifying circuit and the inverting input terminal of the above-mentioned second non-inverting amplifying circuit, the other end of the above-mentioned negative relay K2 is connected to the other end of the above-mentioned fifth resistor R5 and the negative pole of the above-mentioned electrical equipment DC2;
  • the third resistor R3 is connected in series with the fourth resistor R4, and the second non-inverting amplifier circuit is connected in series, the fourth resistor R4 is connected in parallel with the fifth resistor R5, and when the negative relay K2 is disconnected, the second non-inverting amplifier circuit
  • the voltage of the non-inverting input terminal is obtained after being divided by the third resistor R3 and the fourth resistor R4, the output voltage of the output terminal is high level, and the collected voltage of the second sampling terminal AD-SMP2 is also high level; when the above When the negative relay is closed or stuck, since the fourth resistor R4 is connected in parallel with the fifth resistor R5, the voltage of the non-inverting input terminal of the second non-inverting amplifier circuit is divided by the third resistor R3, the fourth resistor R4 and the fifth resistor R5 to obtain , the voltage output by the output terminal is a low level, and the collected voltage of the second sampling terminal AD-SMP2 is also a low level. It should be noted that, in a general working process,
  • the positive relay detection part of the positive and negative relay detection circuit in the embodiment of the present application can be switched by adding a tenth resistor R10, as shown in FIG. 4 , which is another positive and negative electrode in the embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 Schematic diagram of the structure of the pole relay detection circuit.
  • the positive and negative relays can be detected, and there are various detection methods, which not only improves the detection efficiency, but also improves the flexibility of the detection method, and the circuit is simple and efficient, allowing users to drive The probability of safety accidents caused by relay failures in vehicles is greatly reduced.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another positive and negative relay detection circuit in the embodiment of the present application, including a power supply DC1, electrical equipment DC2, positive relay K1, negative relay K2, first amplifier U1B, first resistor R1, second resistor R2, second amplifier U2B, third resistor R3, fourth resistor R4, fifth resistor R5, sixth resistor R6, Seventh resistor R7, eighth resistor R8, ninth resistor R9, positive relay activation detection unit 510, negative relay activation detection unit 520, positive relay failure determination unit 530, negative relay failure determination unit 540, positive relay failure alarm unit 550 and negative electrode Relay failure alarm unit 560.
  • a power supply DC1, electrical equipment DC2, positive relay K1, negative relay K2, first amplifier U1B, first resistor R1, second resistor R2, second amplifier U2B, third resistor R3, fourth resistor R4, fifth resistor R5, sixth resistor R6, Seventh resistor R7, eighth resistor R8, ninth resistor R9 positive relay activation detection unit 510, negative relay activation detection unit 520, positive
  • the first amplifier U1B, the sixth resistor R6 and the seventh resistor R7 constitute a first non-inverting amplifier circuit
  • the second amplifier U2B, the eighth resistor R8 and the ninth resistor R9 constitute a second non-inverting amplifier circuit
  • one end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to the output end of the first amplifier U1B
  • the other end is connected to the inverting input end of the first amplifier U1B and one end of the seventh resistor R7
  • the other end of the seventh resistor R7 is connected to the power supply.
  • the other end of the output end of the second amplifier U2B is connected to the inverting input end of the second amplifier U2B and one end of the ninth resistor R9.
  • the first non-inverting amplifying circuit and the second non-inverting amplifying circuit can generate negative feedback, stabilize the voltage fluctuation of the non-inverting input terminal, and can increase the input impedance and reduce the output impedance.
  • the relay activation detection unit includes a positive relay activation detection unit 510 and a negative relay activation detection unit 520.
  • the positive relay activation detection unit 510 is connected to both ends of the positive relay K1, and is used to detect whether the positive relay K1 is in a working state.
  • the above-mentioned negative-electrode relay activation detection unit 520 is connected to both ends of the above-mentioned negative-electrode relay K2, and is used for detecting whether the above-mentioned negative-electrode relay K2 is in a working state.
  • the fault judging unit includes a positive relay fault judging unit 530 and a negative relay judging unit 540.
  • the positive relay fault judging unit 530 is connected to the positive relay activation detecting unit 510. It should be noted that the connection relationship here represents a logical In the actual connection, the above-mentioned positive relay fault judging unit 530 should also be connected to the above-mentioned first sampling terminal AD-SMP1 at the same time, for according to the state of the above-mentioned positive relay K1 and the voltage of the above-mentioned first sampling terminal AD-SMP1. It is judged whether the above-mentioned positive relay K1 is faulty.
  • the working state of the above-mentioned positive relay K1 is disconnected, it is determined that the above-mentioned positive relay K1 is normally disconnected; if If the working state of the positive electrode relay K1 is working, it is determined that the positive electrode relay K1 is faulty, and the fault type is abnormal disconnection.
  • the above-mentioned negative relay fault judging unit 540 is connected to the above-mentioned negative relay activation detection unit 520. It should be noted that the connection relationship here represents a logical connection. In actual connection, the above-mentioned negative relay fault judging unit 540 should also be connected to the above-mentioned No.
  • the two sampling terminals AD-SMP2 are used to determine whether the negative relay K2 is faulty according to the state of the negative relay K2 and the voltage level of the second sampling terminal AD-SMP2.
  • the voltage of the second sampling terminal AD-SMP2 is at a low level, if the working state of the above-mentioned negative relay K2 is disconnected, it is determined that the above-mentioned negative relay K2 is faulty, and the fault type is the negative relay adhesion; if the above-mentioned negative relay K2 The working state of If it is working, it is determined that the above-mentioned negative relay K2 is working normally.
  • the fault alarm unit includes a positive relay fault alarm unit 550 and a negative relay fault alarm unit 560, and the positive relay fault alarm unit 550 is connected to the positive relay fault judgment unit 530.
  • the positive relay fault judging unit 530 judges that the positive relay K1 is faulty
  • the positive fault alarm unit 550 issues a fault alarm
  • the negative relay fault alarm unit 560 is connected to the negative relay fault judging unit 540.
  • the fault determination unit 560 determines that the negative relay K2 is faulty
  • the negative relay fault alarm unit 560 issues a fault alarm.
  • the above fault alarm unit may include any one of warning lights, electro-acoustic elements, or a combination thereof.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a protection circuit in an embodiment of the present application.
  • the above-mentioned protection circuit is composed of a Zener diode ZD, the positive pole of the Zener diode ZD is connected to the negative pole of the power supply DC1, and the negative pole of the Zener Diode ZD is connected to the first sampling terminal AD-SMP1 or the other.
  • the second sampling terminal AD-SMP2 is described.
  • the forward characteristic of the volt-ampere characteristic curve of the Zener diode ZD is similar to that of ordinary diodes.
  • the reverse characteristic is that when the reverse voltage is lower than the reverse breakdown voltage, the reverse resistance is large and the reverse leakage current is extremely small.
  • the reverse current suddenly increases, which is called breakdown.
  • the reverse resistance suddenly drops to a very small value.
  • the voltage across the Zener diode ZD is basically stable around the breakdown voltage, thus realizing the function of the protection circuit.
  • Zener diode as a protection circuit can save circuit space and prevent safety hazards and errors in detection results caused by excessive voltage.
  • the above-mentioned protection circuit may be composed of a power supply VCC and a first diode D1, as shown in FIG. 7 , which is a schematic structural diagram of another protection circuit in the embodiment of the present application, and the power supply VCC is connected to
  • the cathode of the second diode D1 and the anode of the first diode D1 are connected to the first sampling terminal AD-SMP1 or the second sampling terminal AD-SMP2, which can avoid excessive voltage or reverse connection Damage to the sampling chip.
  • the above protection circuit may further include a second diode D2, as shown in FIG. 8, which is a schematic structural diagram of another protection circuit based on FIG. 7 in an embodiment of the present application, the second diode D2
  • the anode of D2 is connected to the cathode of the power supply DC1
  • the cathode of the second diode D2 is connected to the anode of the first diode D1, which further enhances the protection range.
  • Embodiments of the present application further provide a detection device, including the relay detection circuit based on differential sampling in the above embodiments of the application, and details are not described herein again.

Abstract

一种基于差分采样的继电器检测电路和检测装置，包括供电电路和正极继电器检测电路；所述供电电路包括电源（D1）、用电设备（D2）、正极继电器（K1）、负极继电器（K2）；所述正极继电器检测电路包括第一同相放大电路、第一电阻（R1）和第二电阻（R2）；当位于所述第一同相放大电路输出端的第一采样端（AD-SMP1）的电压为低电平时，确定所述正极继电器（K1）处于断开状态，当所述第一采样端（AD-SMP1）的电压为高电平时，确定所述正极继电器（K1）处于闭合或粘连状态。可以自动检测正极继电器（K1）和负极继电器（K2）的状态并判断是否出现故障，过程简洁高效，使用户驾驶车辆时因继电器故障而导致安全事故的概率大大降低。

Description

基于差分采样的继电器检测电路和检测装置 技术领域
本申请涉及汽车技术领域，特别是一种基于差分采样的继电器检测电路和检测装置。
背景技术
随着汽车技术的发展，继电器的检测也越来越重要，在一些电池侧对用电设备进行充电的场合下，电池侧有电压而用电设备没有电压，使用传统的继电器检测方法不仅步骤繁琐，且检测效率较低，这大大降低了车辆的安全系数，使得用户驾驶车辆时的安全隐患大大增加。
发明内容
上述基于差分采样的继电器检测电路和检测装置，可以自动检测正极继电器和负极继电器的状态并判断是否出现故障，过程简洁高效，使用户驾驶车辆时因继电器故障而导致安全事故的概率大大降低。
本申请实施例第一方面提供了一种基于差分采样的继电器检测电路，所述继电器检测电路包括供电电路和正极继电器检测电路；所述供电电路包括电源、用电设备、正极继电器、负极继电器；所述正极继电器检测电路包括第一同相放大电路、第一电阻和第二电阻；
所述电源的正极连接所述正极继电器的一端，所述正极继电器的另一端连接所述用电设备的正极和所述第一电阻的一端，所述第一电阻的另一端连接所述第一同相放大电路的同相输入端和所述第二电阻的一端，所述第二电阻的另一端连接所述电源的负极、所述第一同相放大电路的反相输入端和所述负极继电器的一端，所述负极继电器的另一端连接所述用电设备的负极；
当位于所述第一同相放大电路输出端的第一采样端的电压为低电平时，确定所述正极继电器处于断开状态，当所述第一采样端的电压为高电平时，确定所述正极继电器处于闭合或粘连状态。
在一个实施例中，所述基于差分采样的继电器检测电路还包括负极继电器 检测电路，所述负极继电器检测电路包括第二同相放大电路、第三电阻、第四电阻和第五电阻；
所述第三电阻的一端连接所述电源的正极和所述正极继电器的一端，所述第三电阻的另一端连接所述第四电阻的一端、所述第五电阻的一端和所述第二同相放大电路的同相输入端，所述第四电阻的另一端连接所述电源的负极、所述第一同相放大电路的反相输入端、所述第二电阻的另一端、所述负极继电器的一端和所述第二同相放大电路的反相输入端，所述负极继电器的另一端连接所述第五电阻的另一端和所述用电设备的负极；
当位于所述第二同相放大电路输出端的第二采样端的电压为高电平时，确定所述负极继电器处于断开状态，当所述第二采样端的电压为低电平时，确定所述负极继电器处于闭合或粘连状态。
在一个实施例中，所述第一同相放大电路包括第一放大器、第六电阻、第七电阻，所述第二同相放大电路包括第二放大器、第八电阻、第九电阻。
在一个实施例中，所述正极继电器检测电路还包括第十电阻，所述第十电阻的一端连接所述电源的正极和所述正极继电器的一端，所述第十电阻的另一端连接所述第一同相放大电路的同相输入端；
当位于所述第一同相放大电路输出端的第一采样端的电压为高电平时，确定所述正极继电器处于断开状态，当所述第一采样端的电压为低电平时，确定所述正极继电器处于闭合或粘连状态。
在一个实施例中，所述基于差分采样的继电器检测电路还包括继电器激活检测单元；
所述继电器激活检测单元包括正极继电器激活检测单元和负极继电器激活检测单元，所述正极继电器激活检测单元连接所述正极继电器的两端，用于检测所述正极继电器是否处于工作状态，所述负极继电器激活检测单元连接所述负极继电器的两端，用于检测所述负极继电器是否处于工作状态。
在一个实施例中，所述基于差分采样的继电器检测电路还包括故障判断单元，所述故障判断单元包括正极继电器故障判断单元和负极继电器判断单元，所述正极继电器故障判断单元连接所述正极继电器激活检测单元，根据所述正极继电器的状态和所述第一采样端的电压高低来判断所述正极继电器是否出 现故障，所述负极继电器故障判断单元连接所述负极继电器激活检测单元，根据所述负极继电器的状态和所述第二采样端的电压高低来判断所述负极继电器是否出现故障。
在一个实施例中，所述基于差分采样的继电器检测电路还包括故障警报单元，所述故障警报单元包括正极继电器故障警报单元和负极继电器故障警报单元，所述正极继电器故障警报单元连接所述正极继电器故障判断单元，当所述正极继电器故障判断单元判断所述正极继电器出现故障时，所述正极故障警报单元发出故障警报；所述负极继电器故障警报单元连接所述负极继电器故障判断单元，当所述负极继电器故障判断单元判断所述负极继电器出现故障时，所述负极继电器故障警报单元发出故障警报。
在一个实施例中，所述基于差分采样的继电器检测电路还包括保护电路，所述保护电路用于限制所述第一采样端和所述第二采样端的电压大小。
在一个实施例中，所述保护电路包括稳压二极管，所述稳压二极管的正极连接所述电源的负极，所述稳压二极管的负极连接所述第一同相放大电路或所述第二同相放大电路。
本申请实施例第二方面提供了一种检测装置，所述检测装置包括本申请实施例第一方面所描述的继电器检测电路。
通过实施本申请实施例，可以得到以下有益效果：
通过使用上述基于差分采样的继电器检测电路和检测装置，包括供电电路和正极继电器检测电路；所述供电电路包括电源、用电设备、正极继电器、负极继电器；所述正极继电器检测电路包括第一同相放大电路、第一电阻和第二电阻；当位于所述第一同相放大电路输出端的第一采样端的电压为低电平时，确定所述正极继电器处于断开状态，当所述第一采样端的电压为高电平时，确定所述正极继电器处于闭合或粘连状态。可以自动检测正极继电器和负极继电器的状态并判断是否出现故障，过程简洁高效，使用户驾驶车辆时因继电器故障而导致安全事故的概率大大降低。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要 使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请实施例中一种正极继电器检测电路的结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例中另一种正极继电器检测电路的结构示意图；
图3为本申请实施例中一种正负极继电器检测电路的结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例中另一种正负极继电器检测电路的结构示意图；
图5为本申请实施例中另一种正负极继电器检测电路的结构示意图；
图6为本申请实施例中一种保护电路的结构示意图；
图7为本申请实施例中另一种保护电路的结构示意图；
图8为本申请实施例中基于图7的另一种保护电路的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本申请方案，下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序，也不是表示元器件的类型不同。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。例如包含了一系列步骤或单元的过程、系统、产品或设备没有限定于已列出的步骤或单元，而是可选地还包括没有列出的步骤或单元，或可选地还包括对于这些过程、产品或设备固有的其他步骤或单元。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是，本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合，需要说明的是，本申请的图都结合了供电电路即电源、用 电设备、正极继电器和负极继电器。
需要说明的是，继电器闭合意味着继电器导通，在表现上可认为通过导线直接连通；继电器粘连也意味着触点间已经接合(意味着可以有电流流过)，但电阻可能较大。继电器闭合和继电器粘连的最大区别在于继电器是否会响应断开继电器指令，有效的切断继电器。本申请的应用场景涉及电源侧和用电设备之间的继电器，包括动力电池和车载充电器(On Board Charger，OBC)输出之间的继电器；蓄电池和OBC(DC/DC)输出之间的继电器；电池和整车控制器之间的继电器；电池与快充接口之间的继电器；停车距离控制系统(Parking Distance Control，PDC)和加热器之间的继电器；集成式电机控制和DC/DC输入之间的继电器以及蓄电池馈电等，电源侧有电压而用电设备侧默认无电压。
下面结合图1对本申请实施例中一种基于差分采样的正极继电器检测电路作详细说明，图1为本申请实施例中一种正极继电器检测电路的结构示意图，包括电源DC1、用电设备DC2、正极继电器K1、负极继电器K2、第一同相放大电路、第一电阻R1和第二电阻R2。
其中，上述电源DC1的正极连接上述正极继电器K1的一端，上述正极继电器K1的另一端连接上述用电设备DC2的正极和上述第一电阻R1的一端，上述第一电阻R1的另一端连接上述第一同相放大电路的同相输入端和上述第二电阻R2的一端，上述第二电阻R2的另一端连接上述电源DC1的负极、上述第一同相放大电路的反相输入端和上述负极继电器K2的一端，上述负极继电器K2的另一端连接上述用电设备DC2的负极；当位于上述第一同相放大电路输出端的第一采样端AD-SMP1的电压为低电平时，确定上述正极继电器K1处于断开状态，当上述第一采样端AD-SMP2的电压为高电平时，确定上述正极继电器K1处于闭合或粘连状态。
其中，上述第一电阻R1分别与第二电阻R2、第一同相放大电路串联，上述第二电阻R2与上述第一同相放大电路并联，当正极继电器K1断开时，由于电源DC1有电压而用电设备DC2无电压，上述第一同相放大电路的同相输入端电压为0V，输出端输出电压为低电平，采集到的上述第一采样端AD-SMP1的电压也是低电平；当上述正极继电器闭合或粘连时，上述第一同 相放大电路的同相输入端的电压经过上述第一电阻R1和第二电阻R2的分压之后得到，输出端输出电压为高电平，采集到的上述第一采样端AD-SMP1的电压也是高电平。需要说明的是，在一般的工作过程中，在对正极继电器进行检测时，负极继电器K2处于闭合状态。
通过上述继电器检测电路，可以根据第一采样端的输出电压大小对上述正极继电器进行检测，过程简洁高效，使用户驾驶车辆时因继电器故障而导致安全事故的概率大大降低。
下面结合图2对本申请实施例中另一种基于差分采样的正极继电器检测电路作详细说明，图2为本申请实施例中另一种正极继电器的结构示意图，包括电源DC1、用电设备DC2、正极继电器K1、负极继电器K2、第一同相放大电路、第一电阻R1、第二电阻R2和第十电阻R10。
其中，上述第十电阻R10的一端连接上述电源DC1的正极和上述正极继电器K1的一端，上述第十电阻R10的另一端连接上述第一同相放大电路的同相输入端，需要说明的是，除了第十电阻R10以外的其他元件的连接方式可以参见图1中所描述的连接方式，在此不再赘述。
其中，上述第十电阻R10与第一电阻R1并联，与第二电阻R2和第一同相放大电路串联，当正极继电器K1断开时，上述第一同相放大电路的同相输入端的电压经过上述第十电阻R10和第二电阻R2分压后得到，输出端输出的电压为高电平，采集到的第一采样端AD-SMP1的电压也是高电平；当上述正极继电器闭合或粘连时，由于第十电阻R10与第一电阻R1并联，上述第一同相放大电路的同相输入端的电压经过上述第一电阻R1、第二电阻R2、第十电阻R10分压后得到，输出端输出的电压为低电平，采集到的第一采样端AD-SMP1的电压也是低电平。需要说明的是，在一般的工作过程中，在对正极继电器K1进行检测时，负极继电器K2处于闭合状态。
通过采用上述继电器检测电路，可以用另一种方式对正极继电器进行检测，提升了检测方式的灵活性，且电路简单高效，使用户驾驶车辆时因继电器故障而导致安全事故的概率大大降低。
下面结合图3对本申请实施例中一种基于差分采样的正负极继电器检测电路作详细说明，图3为本申请实施例中一种正负极继电器检测电路，包括电 源DC1、用电设备DC2、正极继电器K1、负极继电器K2、第一同相放大电路、第一电阻R1、第二电阻R2、第二同相放大电路、第三电阻、第四电阻和第五电阻。
其中，上述第三电阻R3的一端连接上述电源DC1的正极和上述正极继电器K1的一端，上述第三电阻R3的另一端连接上述第四电阻R4的一端、上述第五电阻R5的一端和上述第二同相放大电路的同相输入端，上述第四电阻R4的另一端连接上述电源DC1的负极、上述第一同相放大电路的反相输入端、上述第二电阻R2的另一端、上述负极继电器K2的一端和上述第二同相放大电路的反相输入端，上述负极继电器K2的另一端连接上述第五电阻R5的另一端和上述用电设备DC2的负极；
当位于上述第二同相放大电路输出端的第二采样端AD-SMP2的电压为高电平时，确定上述负极继电器K2处于断开状态，当上述第二采样端AD-SMP2的电压为低电平时，确定上述负极继电器K2处于闭合或粘连状态。其他元件的连接方式可以参见图1中所描述的连接方式，在此不再赘述。
其中，上述第三电阻R3与上述第四电阻R4串联、与第二同相放大电路串联，上述第四电阻R4与上述第五电阻R5并联，当负极继电器K2断开时，上述第二同相放大电路的同相输入端的电压经过上述第三电阻R3和第四电阻R4分压后得到，输出端输出的电压为高电平，采集到的第二采样端AD-SMP2的电压也是高电平；当上述负极继电器闭合或粘连时，由于第四电阻R4与第五电阻R5并联，上述第二同相放大电路的同相输入端的电压经过上述第三电阻R3、第四电阻R4、第五电阻R5分压后得到，输出端输出的电压为低电平，采集到的第二采样端AD-SMP2的电压也是低电平。需要说明的是，在一般的工作过程中，在对负极继电器K2进行检测时，正极继电器K1的状态没有限制。
可选的，本申请实施例中的正负极继电器检测电路的正极继电器检测部分可以通过增加第十电阻R10进行切换，如图4所示，图4为本申请实施例中另一种正负极继电器检测电路的结构示意图。
上述正负极继电器检测电路未详细说明的具体连接方式和检测方法可以参见图1、图2、图3中的说明或者其任意结合，在此不再赘述。
通过采用上述正负极继电器检测电路，可以对正极继电器和负极继电器进行检测，并且有多种检测方式，在检测效率提高的同时也提升了检测方式的灵活性，且电路简单高效，使用户驾驶车辆时因继电器故障而导致安全事故的概率大大降低。
下面结合图5对本申请实施例中另一种正负极继电器检测电路作详细说明，图5为本申请实施例中另一种正负极继电器检测电路的结构示意图，包括电源DC1、用电设备DC2、正极继电器K1、负极继电器K2、第一放大器U1B第一电阻R1、第二电阻R2、第二放大器U2B、第三电阻R3、第四电阻R4、第五电阻R5、第六电阻R6、第七电阻R7、第八电阻R8、第九电阻R9、正极继电器激活检测单元510、负极继电器激活检测单元520、正极继电器故障判断单元530、负极继电器故障判断单元540、正极继电器故障警报单元550和负极继电器故障警报单元560。
其中，第一放大器U1B、第六电阻R6、第七电阻R7构成第一同相放大电路，第二放大器U2B、第八电阻R8、第九电阻R9构成第二同相放大电路，在第一同相放大电路中，第六电阻R6的一端连接第一放大器U1B的输出端，另一端连接上述第一放大器U1B的反相输入端和第七电阻R7的一端，上述第七电阻R7的另一端连接电源DC1的负极、第二电阻R2的另一端、第四电阻R4的另一端、第九电阻R9的另一端和负极继电器K2的一端，在第二同相放大电路中，第八电阻R8的一端连接上述第二放大器U2B的输出端，另一端连接上述第二放大器U2B的反相输入端和第九电阻R9的一端。
上述第一同相放大电路和第二同相放大电路可以产生负反馈，稳定同相输入端的电压波动，并且可以增加输入阻抗，减小输出阻抗。
可选的，继电器激活检测单元包括正极继电器激活检测单元510和负极继电器激活检测单元520，上述正极继电器激活检测单元510连接上述正极继电器K1的两端，用于检测上述正极继电器K1是否处于工作状态，上述负极继电器激活检测单元520连接上述负极继电器K2的两端，用于检测上述负极继电器K2是否处于工作状态。
可选的，故障判断单元包括正极继电器故障判断单元530和负极继电器判断单元540，上述正极继电器故障判断单元530连接上述正极继电器激活检测 单元510，需要说明的是，此处的连接关系表示逻辑上的连接，在实际连接中，上述正极继电器故障判断单元530还应该同时连接上述第一采样端AD-SMP1，用于根据上述正极继电器K1的状态和上述第一采样端AD-SMP1的电压高低来判断上述正极继电器K1是否出现故障，具体的，当第一采样端AD-SMP1的电压为低电平时，若上述正极继电器K1的工作状态为断开，则认定上述正极继电器K1正常断开；若上述正极继电器K1的工作状态为工作中，则认定上述正极继电器K1出现故障，故障类型为异常断开。当第一采样端AD-SMP1的电压为高电平时，若上述正极继电器K1的工作状态为断开，则认定上述正极继电器K1出现故障，故障类型为正极继电器粘连；若上述正极继电器K1的工作状态为工作中，则认定上述正极继电器K1正常工作。需要说明的是，若正极继电器检测电路加入了第十电阻，则上述判断方式相反，在此不再赘述。
上述负极继电器故障判断单元540连接上述负极继电器激活检测单元520，需要说明的是，此处的连接关系表示逻辑上的连接，在实际连接中，上述负极继电器故障判断单元540还应该同时连接上述第二采样端AD-SMP2，用于根据上述负极继电器K2的状态和上述第二采样端AD-SMP2的电压高低来判断上述负极继电器K2是否出现故障。当第二采样端AD-SMP2的电压为高电平时，若上述负极继电器K2的工作状态为断开，则认定上述负极继电器K2正常断开；若上述负极继电器K2的工作状态为工作中，则认定上述负极继电器K2出现故障，故障类型为负极继电器异常断开。当第二采样端AD-SMP2电压为低电平时，若上述负极继电器K2的工作状态为断开，则认定上述负极继电器K2出现故障，故障类型为负极继电器粘连；若上述负极继电器K2的工作状态为工作中，则认定上述负极继电器K2正常工作。
进一步的，还包括故障警报单元，所述故障警报单元包括正极继电器故障警报单元550和负极继电器故障警报单元560，所述正极继电器故障警报单元550连接所述正极继电器故障判断单元530，当所述正极继电器故障判断单元530判断所述正极继电器K1出现故障时，所述正极故障警报单元550发出故障警报；所述负极继电器故障警报单元560连接所述负极继电器故障判断单元540，当所述负极继电器故障判断单元560判断所述负极继电器K2出现故障 时，所述负极继电器故障警报单元560发出故障警报。上述故障警报单元可以包括警示灯、电声元件中的任一种或者其组合。
下面结合图6对本申请实施例中一种保护电路作详细说明，图6为本申请实施例中一种保护电路的结构示意图。
可选的，上述保护电路使用稳压二极管ZD组成，所述稳压二极管ZD的正极连接所述电源DC1的负极，所述稳压二极管ZD的负极连接所述第一采样端AD-SMP1或所述第二采样端AD-SMP2。稳压二极管ZD的伏安特性曲线的正向特性和普通二极管类似，反向特性是在反向电压低于反向击穿电压时，反向电阻很大，反向漏电流极小，当反向电压临近反向电压的临界值时，反向电流骤然增大，称为击穿，在这一临界击穿点上，反向电阻骤然降至很小值。尽管电流在很大的范围内变化，而稳压二极管ZD两端的电压却基本上稳定在击穿电压附近，从而实现了保护电路的功能。
通过一个稳压二极管充当保护电路，可以节省电路空间，并防止电压过大带来的安全隐患和检测结果出现错误。
可选的，上述保护电路可以使用供电电源VCC和第一二极管D1组成，如图7所示，图7为本申请实施例中另一种保护电路的结构示意图，所述供电电源VCC连接所述第二二极管D1的负极，所述第一二极管D1的正极连接所述第一采样端AD-SMP1或所述第二采样端AD-SMP2，可以避免电压过高或反接引起采样芯片损坏。
进一步的，上述保护电路还可以包括第二二极管D2，如图8所示，图8为本申请实施例中基于图7的另一种保护电路的结构示意图，所述第二二极管D2的正极连接所述电源DC1的负极，所述第二二极管D2的负极连接所述第一二极管D1的正极，进一步增强了保护范围。
本申请实施例还提供了一种检测装置，包括上述申请实施例中的基于差分采样的继电器检测电路，在此不再赘述。
以上参照附图说明了本申请的优选实施例，本领域技术人员不脱离本申请的范围和实质，可以有多种变型方案实现本发明。举例而言，作为一个实施例的部分示出或描述的特征可用于另一实施例以得到又一实施例。以上仅为本发明较佳可行的实施例而已，并非因此局限本申请的权利范围，凡运用本申请说 明书及附图内容所作的等效变化，均包含于本申请的权利范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种基于差分采样的继电器检测电路，其特征在于，所述继电器检测电路包括供电电路和正极继电器检测电路；所述供电电路包括电源、用电设备、正极继电器、负极继电器；所述正极继电器检测电路包括第一同相放大电路、第一电阻和第二电阻；
    所述电源的正极连接所述正极继电器的一端，所述正极继电器的另一端连接所述用电设备的正极和所述第一电阻的一端，所述第一电阻的另一端连接所述第一同相放大电路的同相输入端和所述第二电阻的一端，所述第二电阻的另一端连接所述电源的负极、所述第一同相放大电路的反相输入端和所述负极继电器的一端，所述负极继电器的另一端连接所述用电设备的负极；
    当位于所述第一同相放大电路输出端的第一采样端的电压为低电平时，确定所述正极继电器处于断开状态，当所述第一采样端的电压为高电平时，确定所述正极继电器处于闭合或粘连状态。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的基于差分采样的继电器检测电路，其特征在于，所述继电器检测电路还包括负极继电器检测电路，所述负极继电器检测电路包括第二同相放大电路、第三电阻、第四电阻和第五电阻；
    所述第三电阻的一端连接所述电源的正极和所述正极继电器的一端，所述第三电阻的另一端连接所述第四电阻的一端、所述第五电阻的一端和所述第二同相放大电路的同相输入端，所述第四电阻的另一端连接所述电源的负极、所述第一同相放大电路的反相输入端、所述第二电阻的另一端、所述负极继电器的一端和所述第二同相放大电路的反相输入端，所述负极继电器的另一端连接所述第五电阻的另一端和所述用电设备的负极；
    当位于所述第二同相放大电路输出端的第二采样端的电压为高电平时，确定所述负极继电器处于断开状态，当所述第二采样端的电压为低电平时，确定所述负极继电器处于闭合或粘连状态。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的基于差分采样的继电器检测电路，其特征在于， 所述第一同相放大电路包括第一放大器、第六电阻、第七电阻，所述第二同相放大电路包括第二放大器、第八电阻、第九电阻。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的基于差分采样的继电器检测电路，其特征在于，所述正极继电器检测电路还包括第十电阻，所述第十电阻的一端连接所述电源的正极和所述正极继电器的一端，所述第十电阻的另一端连接所述第一同相放大电路的同相输入端；
    当位于所述第一同相放大电路输出端的第一采样端的电压为高电平时，确定所述正极继电器处于断开状态，当所述第一采样端的电压为低电平时，确定所述正极继电器处于闭合或粘连状态。
  5. 根据权利要求2所述的基于差分采样的继电器检测电路，其特征在于，所述继电器检测电路还包括继电器激活检测单元；
    所述继电器激活检测单元包括正极继电器激活检测单元和负极继电器激活检测单元，所述正极继电器激活检测单元连接所述正极继电器的两端，用于检测所述正极继电器是否处于激活状态，所述负极继电器激活检测单元连接所述负极继电器的两端，用于检测所述负极继电器是否处于激活状态。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的基于差分采样的继电器检测电路，其特征在于，所述继电器检测电路还包括故障判断单元，所述故障判断单元包括正极继电器故障判断单元和负极继电器判断单元，所述正极继电器故障判断单元连接所述正极继电器激活检测单元，根据所述正极继电器的状态和所述第一采样端的电压高低来判断所述正极继电器是否出现故障，所述负极继电器故障判断单元连接所述负极继电器激活检测单元，根据所述负极继电器的状态和所述第二采样端的电压高低来判断所述负极继电器是否出现故障。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的基于差分采样的继电器检测电路，其特征在于，所述继电器检测电路还包括故障警报单元，所述故障警报单元包括正极继电器故障警报单元和负极继电器故障警报单元，所述正极继电器故障警报单元连接 所述正极继电器故障判断单元，当所述正极继电器故障判断单元判断所述正极继电器出现故障时，所述正极故障警报单元发出故障警报；所述负极继电器故障警报单元连接所述负极继电器故障判断单元，当所述负极继电器故障判断单元判断所述负极继电器出现故障时，所述负极继电器故障警报单元发出故障警报。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7任一项所述的基于差分采样的继电器检测电路，其特征在于，所述继电器检测电路还包括保护电路，所述保护电路用于限制所述第一采样端和所述第二采样端的电压大小。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的基于差分采样的继电器检测电路，其特征在于，所述保护电路包括稳压二极管，所述稳压二极管的正极连接所述电源的负极；
    当所述正极继电器检测电路工作时，所述稳压二极管的负极连接所述第一同相放大电路或所述第二同相放大电路。
  10. 一种检测装置，其特征在于，所述检测装置包括权利要求1至9任意一项所述的基于差分采样的继电器检测电路。
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