WO2022082526A1 - 主负继电器检测系统 - Google Patents
主负继电器检测系统 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022082526A1 WO2022082526A1 PCT/CN2020/122586 CN2020122586W WO2022082526A1 WO 2022082526 A1 WO2022082526 A1 WO 2022082526A1 CN 2020122586 W CN2020122586 W CN 2020122586W WO 2022082526 A1 WO2022082526 A1 WO 2022082526A1
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- resistor
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- main negative
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
- G01R31/3277—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers of low voltage devices, e.g. domestic or industrial devices, such as motor protections, relays, rotation switches
- G01R31/3278—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers of low voltage devices, e.g. domestic or industrial devices, such as motor protections, relays, rotation switches of relays, solenoids or reed switches
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- the micro-control unit is used to detect the voltage of the second end of the first resistor, and according to the voltage and the mapping relationship between the preset voltage and the current state of the main negative relay, determine the voltage corresponding to the voltage.
- the current state of the main negative relay, the current state includes open, closed and stuck.
- the first switching device is used to connect or disconnect the second resistor and the negative terminal of the main negative relay
- the first unidirectional conduction device is used for unidirectional conduction of the current in the detection circuit, so as to prevent the first power supply from affecting the voltage detection.
- the first one-way conducting member comprises a diode.
- the main negative relay detection system further includes: a protection circuit module, the protection circuit module is connected to the micro-control unit.
- the protection circuit module includes a protection device and a voltage stabilization device, the positive electrode of the voltage stabilization device is connected to the negative electrode of the first power supply, and the negative electrode of the voltage stabilization device is respectively connected to the first power supply of the protection device.
- One end is connected to the micro-control unit, and the second end of the protection device is connected to the second end of the first resistor.
- the voltage stabilizing device includes a zener diode.
- the protection circuit module further includes a third one-way conduction device, the positive pole of the third one-way conduction device is connected to the negative pole of the first power supply, and the negative pole of the third one-way conduction device is connected to the anode of the second unidirectional conduction device.
- the protection device is a fourth resistor.
- the main negative relay detection system includes a first loop and a detection circuit
- the first loop includes a first power supply, a main positive relay, a load, and a main negative relay connected in series in sequence
- the detection circuit includes a second power supply, a first resistor, The second resistor, the third resistor and the micro-control unit, the positive pole of the second power supply is connected to the first end of the first resistor, and the second end of the first resistor is connected to the first end of the second resistor and the first end of the third resistor respectively and the micro-control unit, the second end of the second resistor is connected to the negative terminal of the main negative relay and the negative terminal of the second power supply respectively, and the second end of the third resistor is connected to the positive terminal of the main negative relay.
- the detection system of the main negative relay can accurately detect the different states of the main negative relay by using the external power supply when the first circuit is not connected to the first power supply by connecting the external power supply in the detection circuit. car safety.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a main and negative relay detection system provided in this embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another main and negative relay detection system provided in this embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of yet another main and negative relay detection system provided by the present embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a protection circuit module provided in this embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another protection circuit module provided in this embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of still another protection circuit module provided in this embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a main negative relay detection system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- the main negative relay detection system 10 includes a first loop 100 and a detection circuit 110 .
- the first loop 100 includes a first power supply DC1, a main positive relay K1, a load DC2 and a main negative relay K2, and the detection circuit 110 includes a second power supply VCC, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3 and Micro control unit MCU, wherein the positive terminal of the first power supply DC1 is connected to the positive terminal of the main positive relay K1, the negative terminal of the main positive relay K1 is connected to the positive terminal of the load DC2, and the negative terminal of the load DC2 is connected to The positive terminal of the main negative relay K2, the negative terminal of the main negative relay K2 is connected to the negative terminal of the first power supply DC1; the positive terminal of the second power supply VCC is connected to the first terminal of the first resistor R1, so
- the second power supply VCC is connected to the first
- a power source DC1 is a power battery, and the load DC2 is the output of the on-board charger; the first power source DC1 is the battery, and the load DC2 is the output of the on-board charger; the first power source DC1 is the battery, and the load DC2 is Vehicle controller; the first power supply DC1 is a battery, the load DC2 is a fast charging interface; the first power supply DC1 is a thermostat controller, and the load DC2 is a heater; the first power supply DC1 is an integrated type motor controller, the DC2 is the input of the DC-DC converter.
- the first power source DC1 and the load DC2 may also be other corresponding devices, which are not specifically limited.
- the second resistance R2, the third resistance R3 and the resistance when the main negative relay K2 is closed are taken as the resistance value corresponding to the whole
- X4 is the resistance corresponding to the resistance when the main negative relay K2 is closed
- X5 is the first resistance value.
- the resistance value of the three resistors R3, X6 is the resistance value corresponding to the whole when the second resistor R2, the third resistor R3 and the main negative relay K2 are adhered when the main negative relay K2 is adhered
- X 7 is the resistance value corresponding to the resistance when the main negative relay K2 is stuck.
- the closing of the relay means that the relay is turned on, which can be considered as a direct connection through the wire in performance; the adhesion of the relay means that the contacts have been connected (meaning that current can flow), but the resistance may be large, but it also means The relay is turned on. Therefore, when the main negative relay K2 is turned off, the voltage at the second end of the first resistor R1 is equivalent to the voltage shared by the second resistor R2, and when the main negative relay K2 is turned on, it is equivalent to the voltage at the second end of the first resistor R1.
- a resistor formed by connecting the third resistor R3 and the resistance when the main negative relay K2 is closed is connected in series at both ends of the second resistor R2.
- the voltage at the second end of the resistor R1 is equivalent to the voltage obtained by the parallel connection between the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3 and the resistor when the main negative relay K2 is closed.
- K2 is stuck, it is equivalent to incorporating a resistor connected in series between the third resistor R3 and the main negative relay K2 when the third resistor R3 is connected in series on the basis of the disconnection of the main negative relay K2.
- the voltage at the second end of the first resistor R1 is equivalent to the resistance obtained by connecting the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3 and the main negative relay K2 in series with the resistor connected in parallel.
- the first resistor R1 The voltage of the two terminals is in a voltage range corresponding to the different states of the main negative relay K2, and this range can be obtained through a large number of experiments.
- the micro-control unit MCU determines the voltage range in which the measured voltage of the second end of the first resistor R1 is located, and then determines the current state of the main negative relay K2.
- the main and negative relay detection system 10 provided by the embodiment of the present application can connect an external power supply (ie, the second power supply VCC) to the detection circuit 110, and in the case that the first power supply DC1 does not supply power to the first loop 100,
- the different states of the main negative relay K2 can be accurately detected by using an external power supply, and the safety of the vehicle is improved.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another main negative relay detection system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- the detection circuit 210 in the main negative relay detection system 20 is in the main negative relay provided in FIG. 1.
- a first switching device K3 and a second switching device K4 are added to the detection circuit 110 of the negative relay detection system 10, the first switching device K3 is connected in series with the second resistor R2, and the second switching device K4 is connected with the The third resistor R3 is connected in series; the first switching device K3 is used to connect or disconnect the second resistor R2 and the negative terminal of the main negative relay K2; the second switching device K4 is used to connect or disconnect Disconnect the third resistor R3 from the positive terminal of the main positive relay K1.
- the circuit structure of the remaining part is the same as that of FIG. 1 , please refer to the above description for FIG. 1 , which will not be repeated here.
- the switch device (including the first switch device K3 and the second switch device K4) may be a physical switch device, and the switch device may also be a virtual function button. If the switch device is a physical switch device, it can be The device is arranged on the device of the micro-control unit MCU. If the switch device is a virtual function key, it can be arranged on the display interface of the micro-control unit MCU with a display function.
- the first switching device K3 and the second switching device K4 are controlled by the micro-control unit MCU to measure the demand.
- the voltage measured by the micro-control unit MCU is the voltage after the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 are connected in series. The voltage divided by the second resistor R2;
- the voltage measured by the micro-control unit MCU is the second power supply VCC If the main negative relay K2 is closed, the voltage measured by the micro-control unit MCU is the resistance of the first resistor R1, the third resistor R3, and the main negative relay K2 when the main negative relay K2 is closed.
- the micro-control unit MCU When the first switching device K3 and the second switching device K4 are closed, if the main negative relay K2 is disconnected, the micro-control unit MCU is the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 The voltage obtained by the second resistor R2 after being connected in series; if the main negative relay K2 is closed, the voltage measured by the micro-control unit MCU is the second resistor R2 and the third resistor R3 connected in series The voltage obtained in parallel with the resistance when the main negative relay K2 is closed; if the main negative relay K2 is stuck, the voltage measured by the micro-control unit MCU is the second resistance R2 and the series connected voltage The voltage obtained in parallel with the resistance when the third resistor R3 and the main negative relay K2 are stuck together.
- relationship lists can be set in the micro-control unit MCU, and the relationship lists can reflect the states of the first switching device K3, the second switching device K4, and the main negative relay K2 and
- the corresponding relationship between the voltages at the second end of the first resistor R1, in the process of voltage detection, can first be based on the states of the first switching device K3 and the second switching device K4 and the measured first
- the voltage at the second end of the resistor R1 determines the state of the main negative relay K2.
- the states of the first switching device K3 and the second switching device K4 are changed by the micro-control unit MCU, and the states of the first switching device K3 and the second switching device K4 are further analyzed.
- the changed state of the second switching device K4 and the corresponding detection result determine the state of the main negative relay K2, or, further combining the states of the first switching device K3 and the second switching device K4, the states are not completely identical. Simultaneous conditions determine the state of the main negative relay K2.
- the main negative relay detection system 20 obtains the voltage detection result by setting the switching device to control the detection circuit 210 to connect to the main negative relay K2, and according to the voltage detection result, the current detection of the main negative relay K2 The state is judged, which improves the convenience of detecting the state of the main negative relay K2.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of still another main negative relay detection system provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- the detection circuit 310 in the main negative relay detection system 30 is in the main negative relay provided in FIG.
- a first one-way conduction component D1 is added to the detection circuit 110 of the negative relay detection system 10
- the positive pole of the second power supply VCC is connected to the positive pole of the first one-way conduction component D1
- the The negative pole is connected to the first end of the first resistor R1
- the first unidirectional conduction component D1 is used to unidirectionally conduct the current in the detection circuit 310 to avoid affecting the The voltage detection result of the microcontroller unit MCU.
- the first one-way conducting component D1 may be a diode.
- the first power supply DC1 provides a voltage to generate a current for the first loop 100 and the second power supply VCC provides a voltage to generate a current for the detection circuit 310
- the current generated when the first power supply DC1 provides voltage to the first loop 100 will flow to the second power supply VCC and affect it, thereby affecting the voltage at the second end of the first resistor R1 to be detected, but
- the first one-way conducting part D1 as shown in FIG. 3, because the first one-way conducting part D1 conducts in the forward direction and does not conduct in the reverse direction, the current in the detection circuit 310 will not be affected by any The influence of the first power supply DC1 is described.
- the first unidirectional conduction component D1 can be applied to the detection circuit 210 in FIG. 2 , and the setting position is referred to FIG. 3 , the principle of which is the same as that described in FIG. 3 , and will not be repeated here.
- the main negative relay detection system 30 adds the first one-way conducting device D1 to the detection circuit 110 of the main negative relay detection system 10 to avoid the influence of the first power supply DC1 in the first loop 100 on the detection circuit 310 Therefore, even when the first power supply DC1 in the first loop 100 is working, the detection circuit 310 can work normally, which improves the convenience of the main negative relay for detecting K2.
- the first one-way conducting component D1 includes a diode.
- the diode can be a silicon diode or a germanium diode, the diode only allows current to pass in a single direction (called forward bias), and blocks (called reverse bias) reverse current to pass, that is, the diode only allows the passage of current from the first Two currents from the power supply VCC (external current) flow through.
- any of the main and negative relay detection systems shown in FIG. 1 , FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 further includes: a protection circuit module, where the protection circuit module is connected to the microcontroller unit MCU.
- the protection circuit module is used to protect the micro-control unit MCU.
- the protection circuit module can limit the voltage of the second end of the second resistor R2.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a protection circuit module provided in this embodiment.
- the protection circuit module includes a protection device 400 and a voltage stabilization device 401 , and the positive electrode of the voltage stabilization device 401 is The negative pole of the first power supply DC1 is connected, the negative pole of the voltage regulator device 401 is respectively connected to the first end of the protection device 400 and the micro-control unit MCU, and the second end of the protection device 400 is connected to the first end of the protection device 400.
- the protection device 400 can be a resistor
- the voltage stabilizing device 401 can be a zener diode.
- the voltage is stabilized by the zener diode and the resistor.
- the reverse voltage reaches a certain level, the common diode will be reversed. breakdown, while the Zener diode can prevent the voltage from continuing to rise by allowing a large current to flow in the reverse direction.
- the protection device 400 can reduce the input voltage of the micro control unit MCU, and the voltage regulator device 401 can reversely conduct a large current, so that the input voltage of the micro control unit MCU The voltage will not continue to rise, thus protecting the microcontroller unit MCU.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another protection circuit module provided in this embodiment.
- the protection circuit module includes a second unidirectional conduction device D2 and a protection device 500 .
- the negative pole of the one-way conduction device D2 is connected to the negative pole of the second power supply VCC, and the positive pole of the second one-way conduction D1 is respectively connected to the first end of the protection device 500 and the micro-control unit MCU.
- the protection device The second end of 500 is connected to the second end of the first resistor R1.
- the second unidirectional conduction device D2 may be a diode
- the protection device 500 may be a resistor, wherein, if the forward voltage is less than a certain value, the resistance of the diode is relatively large and will not affect the flow of current, but If the forward voltage exceeds or equals this value, the diode is turned on, and the current flows through the diode to the negative electrode of the second power supply VCC, so as to protect the MCU from being damaged by an excessively large input voltage of the MCU.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of yet another protection circuit module provided in this embodiment, and the protection circuit module shown in FIG. 6 is based on the protection circuit module shown in FIG.
- the conduction device D3, as shown in FIG. 6 the positive pole of the third unidirectional conduction device D3 is connected to the negative pole of the first power supply DC1, and the negative pole of the third uni conduction conduction device D3 is connected to the second one-way conduction Anode of device D2.
- the third one-way conducting device D3 may be a diode.
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Abstract
一种主负继电器检测系统(10),该主负继电器检测系统(10)包括第一回路(100)和检测电路(110),第一回路(100)包括第一电源(DC1)、主正继电器(K1)、负载(DC2)以及主负继电器(K2),检测电路(110)包括第二电源(VCC)、第一电阻(R1)、第二电阻(R2)、第三电阻(R3)以及微控制单元(MCU),其中,第一电源(DC1)的正极连接主正继电器(K1)的正端,主正继电器(K1)的负端连接负载(DC2)的正极,负载(DC2)的负极连接主负继电器(K2)的正端,主负继电器(K2)的负端连接第一电源(DC1)的负极;第二电源(VCC)的正极连接第一电阻(R1)的第一端,第一电阻(R1)的第二端分别连接第二电阻(R2)的第一端、第三电阻(R3)的第一端及微控制单元(MCU),第二电阻(R2)的第二端分别连接主负继电器(K2)负端和第二电源(VCC)的负极,第三电阻(R3)的第二端连接主负继电器(K2)的正端。该系统有利于提高汽车的安全性。
Description
本申请涉及汽车技术领域,尤其涉及一种主负继电器检测系统。
随着技术的发展,继电器被广泛应用于汽车的电池等相关设备中,继电器常常因为负载电流过大、电磁感应等,出现继电器粘连的情况,而汽车技术中的继电器的状态直接关系到车辆的安全,因此,对继电器的检测极其重要。
现有技术中,一般是通过测量低压线圈电压来判断继电器的不同状态,但这种方法常常错误判断,存在安全隐患。
申请内容
为解决上述问题,本申请提供了一种主负继电器检测系统,可以准确判断出主负继电器当前的状态,提高汽车的安全性。
本申请实施例提供了一种主负继电器检测系统,所述主负继电器检测系统包括第一回路和检测电路,所述第一回路包括第一电源、主正继电器、负载以及主负继电器,所述检测电路包括第二电源、第一电阻、第二电阻、第三电阻以及微控制单元,其中,
所述第一电源的正极连接所述主正继电器的正端,所述主正继电器的负端连接所述负载的正极,所述负载的负极连接所述主负继电器的正端,所述主负继电器的负端连接所述第一电源的负极;
所述第二电源的正极连接所述第一电阻的第一端,所述第一电阻的第二端分别连接所述第二电阻的第一端、所述第三电阻的第一端以及所述微控制单元,所述第二电阻的第二端分别连接所述主负继电器的负端和所述第二电源的负极,所述第三电阻的第二端连接所述主负继电器的正端;
所述微控制单元用于检测所述第一电阻第二端的电压,并根据所述电压以及预设的电压与所述主负继电器的当前状态之间的映射关系,确定所述电压对 应的所述主负继电器的当前状态,所述当前状态包括断开、闭合以及粘连。
在一个实施例中,所述检测电路还包括第一开关器件和第二开关器件,所述第一开关器件与所述第二电阻串联,所述第二开关器件与所述第三电阻串联;
所述第一开关器件用于接通或者断开所述第二电阻与所述主负继电器的负端的连接;
所述第二开关器件用于接通或者断开所述第三电阻与所述主正继电器的正端的连接。
在一个实施例中,所述检测电路还包括第一单向导通部件,其中,
所述第一单向导通器件的正极连接所述第二电源正极,所述第一单向导通器件的负极连接所述第一电阻的第一端;
所述第一单向导通器件用于单向导通所述检测电路中的电流,以避免所述第一电源影响电压检测。
在一个实施例中,所述第一单向导通部件包括二极管。
在一个实施例中,所述主负继电器检测系统还包括:保护电路模块,所述保护电路模块连接所述微控制单元。
在一个实施例中,所述保护电路模块包括保护器件和稳压器件,所述稳压器件的正极连接所述第一电源的负极,所述稳压器件的负极分别连接所述保护器件的第一端和所述微控制单元,所述保护器件的第二端连接所述第一电阻的第二端。
在一个实施例中,所述稳压器件包括稳压二极管。
在一个实施例中,所述保护电路模块包括第二单向导通器件和保护器件,所述第二单向导通器件的负极连接所述第二电源的负极,所述第二单向导通器件的正极分别连接所述保护器件的第一端和所述微控制单元,所述保护器件的第二端连接所述第一电阻的第二端。
在一个实施例中,所述保护电路模块还包括第三单向导通器件,所述第三单向导通器件的正极连接所述第一电源的负极,所述第三单向导通器件的负极连接所述第二单向导通器件的正极。
在一个实施例中,其特征在于,所述保护器件为第四电阻。
在本申请中,主负继电器检测系统包括第一回路和检测电路,第一回路包括依次串联的第一电源、主正继电器、负载以及主负继电器,检测电路包括第二电源、第一电阻、第二电阻、第三电阻以及微控制单元,第二电源的正极连接第一电阻的第一端,第一电阻的第二端分别连接第二电阻的第一端、第三电阻的第一端及微控制单元,第二电阻的第二端分别连接主负继电器负端和第二电源的负极,第三电阻的第二端连接主负继电器正端。可见,主负继电器检测系统通过在检测电路中接入外接电源,能够在第一回路未接通第一电源的情况下,实现利用外接电源供电准确的检测出主负继电器的不同状态,提高了汽车的安全性。
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或背景技术中的技术方案,下面将对本申请实施例或背景技术中所涉及到的附图作简单地介绍。
下面将对本申请实施例所涉及到的附图作简单地介绍。
图1为本实施例提供的一种主负继电器检测系统的结构示意图;
图2为本实施例提供的另一种主负继电器检测系统的结构示意图;
图3为本实施例提供的再一种主负继电器检测系统的结构示意图;
图4为本实施例提供的一种保护电路模块的结构示意图;
图5为本实施例提供的另一种保护电路模块的结构示意图;
图6为本实施例提供的再一种保护电路模块的结构示意图。
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本申请方案,下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分的实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都应当属于本申请保护的范围。
以下分别进行详细说明。
本申请的说明书和权利要求书及所述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”和“第四”等是用于区别不同对象,而不是用于描述特定顺序。此外,术语“包括”以及它的任何变形,意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。例如包括了一系列模块和器件的系统没有限定于已列出的模块和器件,而是可选地还包括没有列出的模块和器件,或可选地还包括对于这些系统固有的其它模块和器件。
在本文中提及“实施例”意味着,结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书中的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例,也不是与其它实施例互斥的独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员显式地和隐式地理解的是,本文所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。
请参阅图1,图1是本申请实施例提供了一种主负继电器检测系统的结构示意图,如图1所示,所述主负继电器检测系统10包括第一回路100和检测电路110,所述第一回路100包括第一电源DC1、主正继电器K1、负载DC2以及主负继电器K2,所述检测电路110包括第二电源VCC、第一电阻R1、第二电阻R2、第三电阻R3以及微控制单元MCU,其中,所述第一电源DC1的正极连接所述主正继电器K1的正端,所述主正继电器K1的负端连接所述负载DC2的正极,所述负载DC2的负极连接所述主负继电器K2的正端,所述主负继电器K2的负端连接所述第一电源DC1的负极;所述第二电源VCC的正极连接所述第一电阻R1的第一端,所述第一电阻R1的第二端分别连接所述第二电阻R2的第一端、所述第三电阻R3的第一端以及所述微控制单元MCU,所述第二电阻R2的第二端分别连接所述主负继电器K2的负端和所述第二电源VCC的负极,所述第三电阻R3的第二端连接所述主负继电器K2的正端;所述微控制单元MCU用于检测所述第一电阻R1第二端的电压,并根据所述电压以及预设的电压与所述主负继电器K2的当前状态之间的映射关系,确定所述电压对应的所述主负继电器K2的当前状态,所述当前状态包括断开、闭合以及粘连。
其中,在第一回路100中,由所述第一电源DC1提供电源电压,所述第 一电源DC1可以是直流电源,所述第一电源DC1也可以是交流发电机产生的电流经过整流之后形成的直流电源,如,所述第一电源DC1可以是动力电池、所述第一电源DC1也可以是蓄电池,所述负载DC2可以是连接所述第一电源DC1与各种耗电设备之间的控制器件,如整车控制器或者集成式电机控制器,所述负载DC2也可以是连接所述第一电源DC1与各种耗电设备之间的转换器件,如车载充电器输出、直流-直流变换器输出、直流-直流变换器输入或者快充接口等,所述负载DC2还可以是耗电设备,如加热器,此处对负载DC2不作具体限定,需要说明的是,在同一第一回路100中,所述第一电源DC1与所述负载DC2具有对应关系,其中,不同的第一电源DC1对应不同的负载DC2,相同的第一电源DC1可以对应不同的负载DC2,如,所述第一电源DC1为动力电池,所述负载DC2为车载充电器输出;所述第一电源DC1为蓄电池,所述负载DC2为车载充电器输出;所述第一电源DC1为电池,所述负载DC2为整车控制器;所述第一电源DC1为电池,所述负载DC2为快充接口;所述第一电源DC1为恒温控制器,所述负载DC2为加热器;所述第一电源DC1为集成式电机控制器,所述DC2为直流-直流变换器输入。当然,所述第一电源DC1与所述负载DC2还可以是其他相对应的器件,不作具体限定。
由上可知,在第一回路100中,继电器(包括主正继电器K1和主负继电器K2)可以是动力电池和车载充电器输出之间的继电器、蓄电池和车载充电器输出之间的继电器、电池和整车控制器之间的继电器电池与快充接口之间的继电器、恒温控制器和加热器之间的继电器、集成式电机控制和直流-直流变换器输入之间的继电器以及其他可能具有对应关系的第一电源DC1和负载DC2之间的继电器,其中,继电器可以是电磁式继电器,继电器也可以是干簧式继电器,所述主正继电器K1与所述主负继电器K2可以是同种继电器,也可以是不同种继电器,不作具体限定,如,所述主正继电器K1为电磁式继电器,所述主负继电器K2为干簧式继电器,再如,所述主正继电器K1与所述主负继电器K2均为干簧式继电器。
其中,在所述检测电路110中,所述第二电源VCC可以是直流电压源,在所述第一电源DC1未对第一回路100提供电源,即所述DC1未开启的情况 下,为所述检测电路110提供外加电源,以实现对第一回路100中所述主负继电器K2当前状态的检测,其中,所述电阻(包括第一电阻R1、第二电阻R2和第三电阻R3)可以是固定电阻,也可以是可变电阻。
在进行检测时,断开所述第一电源DC1,使用所述第二电源VCC供电,通过所述微控制单元MCU检测所述第一电阻R1第二端的电压,若所述主负继电器K2断开,则所述第一电阻R1第二端的电压为[X
2/(X
1+X
2)]U;若所述主负继电器K2闭合,则所述第一电阻R1第二端的电压为[X
3/(X
1+X
3)]U,X
3=[X
2(X
4+X
5)]/(X
2+X
4+X
5);若所述主负继电器K2粘连,则所述第一电阻R1第二端的电压为[X
6/(X
1+X
6)]U,X
6=[X
2(X
7+X
5)]/(X
2+X
7+X
5);X
1为所述第一电阻R1的阻值,X
2为所述第二电阻R2的阻值,U为所述第二电源VCC提供的电压值,X3为所述主负继电器K2闭合时所述第二电阻R2、所述第三电阻R3和所述主负继电器K2闭合时的电阻作为整体对应的阻值,X4为所述主负继电器K2闭合时的电阻对应的阻值,X5为第三电阻R3的阻值,X6为所述主负继电器K2粘连时所述第二电阻R2、所述第三电阻R3和所述主负继电器K2粘连时的电阻作为整体对应的阻值,X
7为所述主负继电器K2粘连时的电阻对应的阻值。需要说明的是,继电器闭合意味着继电器导通,在表现上可认为通过导线直接连通;继电器粘连说明触点间已经接合(意味着可以有电流流过),只是可能电阻较大,但同样意味着继电器导通。因此,在所述主负继电器K2断开时,所述第一电阻R1第二端的电压相当于所述第二电阻R2分得的电压,在所述主负继电器K2闭合时,相当于在所述主负继电器K2断开的基础上在所述第二电阻R2两端并入一个由所述第三电阻R3和所述主负继电器K2闭合时的电阻串联而成的电阻,所述第一电阻R1第二端的电压相当于所述第二电阻R2与所述第三电阻R3和所述主负继电器K2闭合时的电阻串联而成的电阻并联后分得的电压,在所述主负继电器K2粘连时,相当于在所述主负继电器K2断开的基础上在所述第二电阻R2两端并入一个由所述第三电阻R3和所述主负继电器K2粘连时的电阻串联而成的电阻,所述第一电阻R1第二端的电压相当于所述第二电阻R2与所述第三电阻R3和所述主负继电器K2粘连时的电阻串联而成的电阻并联后分得的电压,进一步的,可知,所述主负 继电器K2断开时的所述第一电阻R1第二端的电压大于所述主负继电器K2闭合时的所述第一电阻R1第二端的电压,所述主负继电器K2闭合时的所述第一电阻R1第二端的电压大于所述主负继电器K2粘连时的所述第一电阻R1第二端的电压,其中,[X
2/(X
1+X
2)]U、[X
3/(X
1+X
3)]U、[X
6/(X
1+X
6)]U只是一种理论上的计算,实际应用中,所述第一电阻R1第二端的电压在所述主负继电器K2的不同状态下对应的电压处于一个电压范围,而这个范围可以通过大量的实验得到,作为参考数据,存储在所述微控制单元MCU中,以实现通过所述微控制单元MCU确定出测得的所述第一电阻R1第二端的电压所处的电压范围,进而确定所述主负继电器K2的当前状态。
可见,本申请实施例所提供的主负继电器检测系统10能够通过在检测电路110中接入外接电源(即第二电源VCC),在第一电源DC1未对第一回路100供电的情况下,实现利用外接电源供电准确的检测出主负继电器K2的不同状态,提高了汽车的安全性。
请参阅图2,图2是本申请实施例提供的另一种主负继电器检测系统的结构示意图,如图2所示,主负继电器检测系统20中的检测电路210在图1所提供的主负继电器检测系统10的检测电路110上增加了第一开关器件K3、第二开关器件K4,所述第一开关器件K3与所述第二电阻R2串联,所述第二开关器件K4与所述第三电阻R3串联;所述第一开关器件K3用于接通或者断开所述第二电阻R2与所述主负继电器K2的负端的连接;所述第二开关器件K4用于接通或者断开所述第三电阻R3与所述主正继电器K1的正端的连接。其余部分的电路结构同图1,请参考上述针对图1的说明,此处不再赘述。
其中,在上述检测电路210中,开关器件(包括第一开关器件K3和第二开关器件K4)可以是实体开关器件,开关器件也可以是虚拟功能按键,若开关器件为实体开关器件时,可以设置在所述微控制单元MCU的装置上,若开关器件为虚拟功能按键时,可以设置在所述微控制单元MCU具有显示功能的显示界面。
实际应用中,在第一回路100中的所述第一电源DC1未供电的情况下, 通过所述微控制单元MCU控制所述第一开关器件K3与所述第二开关器件K4,以测量需要的所述第一电阻R1第二端的电压值,进而实现确定所述主负继电器K2的状态。
当闭合所述第一开关器件K3,断开所述第二开关器件K4时,所述微控制单元MCU所测得的电压是所述第一电阻R1与所述第二电阻R2串联后所述第二电阻R2分得的电压;
当断开所述第一开关器件K3,闭合所述第二开关器件K4时,若所述主负继电器K2断开,则所述微控制单元MCU所测得的电压为所述第二电源VCC的输出电压,若所述主负继电器K2闭合,则所述微控制单元MCU所测得的电压为所述第一电阻R1、所述第三电阻R3、所述主负继电器K2闭合时的电阻串联时所述第三电阻R3和所述主负继电器K2闭合时的电阻共同分得的电压;若所述主负继电器K2粘连,则所述微控制单元MCU所测得的电压为所述第一电阻R1、所述第三电阻R3、所述主负继电器K2粘连时的电阻串联时所述第三电阻R3和所述主负继电器K2粘连时的电阻共同分得的电压;
当闭合所述第一开关器件K3和所述第二开关器件K4时,若所述主负继电器K2断开,则所述微控制单元MCU是所述第一电阻R1与所述第二电阻R2串联后所述第二电阻R2分得的电压;若所述主负继电器K2闭合,则所述微控制单元MCU所测得的电压为所述第二电阻R2与串联的所述第三电阻R3和所述主负继电器K2闭合时的电阻并联分得的电压;若所述主负继电器K2粘连,则所述微控制单元MCU所测得的电压为所述第二电阻R2与串联的所述第三电阻R3和所述主负继电器K2粘连时的电阻并联分得的电压。
实践应用中,可以通过在所述微控制单元MCU设置不同的关系列表,所述关系列表能够反映所述第一开关器件K3、所述第二开关器件K4、所述主负继电器K2的状态和所述第一电阻R1第二端的电压的对应关系,在进行电压检测的过程中,可以先根据所述第一开关器件K3和所述第二开关器件K4的状态以及测得的所述第一电阻R1第二端的电压确定所述主负继电器K2的状态,在无法根据所述第一开关器件K3和所述第二开关器件K4的状态以及测得的所述第一电阻R1第二端的电压确定所述主负继电器K2的状态的情况下, 通过所述微控制单元MCU改变所述第一开关器件K3和所述第二开关器件K4的状态,进一步分析所述第一开关器件K3、所述第二开关器件K4的改变后的状态和对应的检测结果确定所述主负继电器K2的状态,或者,进一步结合所述第一开关器件K3和所述第二开关器件K4的状态不完全相同时的情况以确定所述主负继电器K2的状态。
可见,本示例中,主负继电器检测系统20通过设置开关器件控制所述检测电路210接入所述主负继电器K2的方式来获取电压检测结果,并根据电压检测结果对主负继电器K2的当前状态进行判断,提高了检测主负继电器K2状态的便捷性。
请参阅图3,图3是本申请实施例提供的再一种主负继电器检测系统的结构示意图,如图3所示,主负继电器检测系统30中的检测电路310在图1所提供的主负继电器检测系统10的检测电路110上增加了第一单向导通部件D1,所述第二电源VCC正极连接所述第一单向导通部件D1的正极,所述第一单向导通部件D1的负极连接所述第一电阻R1的第一端;所述第一单向导通部件D1用于单向导通所述检测电路310中的电流,以避免第一电源DC1供电的情况下,影响所述微控制单元MCU的电压检测结果。
其中,所述第一单向导通部件D1可以是二极管。当所述第一电源DC1为第一回路100提供电压产生电流且所述第二电源VCC为检测电路310提供电压产生电流时,若没有所述第一单向导通部件D1,如图1所示,则所述第一电源DC1为第一回路100提供电压时产生的电流会流向所述第二电源VCC并对其产生影响,进而影响待检测的所述第一电阻R1第二端的电压,但加上所述第一单向导通部件D1,如图3所示,因为所述第一单向导通部件D1正向导通,反向不导通,而使得检测电路310中的电流不会受到所述第一电源DC1的影响。
需要说明的是,所述第一单向导通部件D1可应用于图2中的检测电路210,设置位置参考图3,其原理同对图3的描述,在此不作赘述。
可见,本示例中,主负继电器检测系统30通过在主负继电器检测系统10 检测电路110中加入第一单向导通器件D1,避免第一回路100中的第一电源DC1对检测电路310的影响,因此,即使在第一回路100中的第一电源DC1工作时,检测电路310也能正常工作,提高主负继电器检测K2的便捷性。
在一个可能的实施例中,所述第一单向导通部件D1包括二极管。
其中,所述二极管可以是硅二极管或者锗二极管,二极管只允许电流由单一方向通过(称为顺向偏压),阻断(称为逆向偏压)反向电流通过,即二极管只允许从第二电源VCC(外接电流)流出的电流通过。
在一个可能的实施例中,图1、图2以及图3所示出的任一主负继电器检测系统,还包括:保护电路模块,所述保护电路模块连接所述微控制单元MCU。
其中,所述保护电路模块用于保护所述微控制单元MCU。
具体的,所述保护电路模块能够限制所述第二电阻R2第二端的电压大小。
参见图4,图4为本实施例提供的一种保护电路模块的结构示意图,如图4所示,所述保护电路模块包括保护器件400和稳压器件401,所述稳压器件401的正极连接所述第一电源DC1的负极,所述稳压器件401的负极分别连接所述保护器件400的第一端和所述微控制单元MCU,所述保护器件400的第二端连接所述第一电阻R1的第二端。
其中,所述保护器件400可以是电阻,所述稳压器件401可以是稳压二极管,此处,通过稳压二极管与电阻共同稳定电压,当反向电压达到一定程度,普通二极管会被反向击穿,而稳压二极管则可以通过让大电流反向流过,防止电压继续升高。
举例来说,当所述第一电阻R1的第二端的电压过高时,直接连接所述微控制单元MCU可能导致所述微控制单元MCU中芯片被烧损,此时,所述保护器件400和所述稳压器件401的存在,所述保护器件400能够降低所述微控制单元MCU的输入电压,且所述稳压器件401能够反向导通大电流,使得所述微控制单元MCU的输入电压不会继续升高,从而保护所述微控制单元MCU。
参见图5,图5为本实施例提供的另一种保护电路模块的结构示意图,如图5所示,所述保护电路模块包括第二单向导通器件D2和保护器件500,所 述第二单向导通器件D2的负极连接所述第二电源VCC的负极,所述第二单向导通D1的正极分别连接所述保护器件500的第一端和所述微控制单元MCU,所述保护器件500的第二端连接所述第一电阻R1的第二端。
其中,所述第二单向导通器件D2可以是二极管,所述保护器件500可以是电阻,其中,若正向电压小于某一数值时,该二极管电阻较大,不会影响电流的流动,但若正向电压超过或者等于该数值时,二极管导通,电流通过二极管流向第二电源VCC的负极,保护过大的微控制单元MCU输入电压损伤所述微控制单元MCU。
参见图6,图6为本实施例提供的再一种保护电路模块的结构示意图,图6示出的保护电路模块是在图5示出的保护电路模块的基础上增加了一个第三单向导通器件D3,如图6所示,所述第三单向导通器件D3的正极连接所述第一电源DC1的负极,所述第三单向导通器件D3的负极连接所述第二单向导通器件D2的正极。
其中,所述第三单向导通器件D3可以是二极管。
其中,当保护器件600的第二端的电压值高于所述第二单向导通器件D2的导通电压值U
1、低于所述第三单向导通器件D3的击穿电压U
2时,U
1小于U
2,电流可通过所述第二单向导通器件D2所在的电路流通,当保护器件600的第二端的电压高于或者等于所述第三单向导通器件D3的击穿电压U
2时,电流可通过所述第二单向导通器件D2和所述第三单向导通器件D3所在的电路流通,因此,图6示出的保护电路模块能够防止过高的微控制单元MCU输入电压损坏所述微控制单元MCU。
在上述实施例中,对各个实施例的描述都各有侧重,某个实施例中没有详述的部分,可以参见其他实施例的相关描述。
以上对本申请实施例进行了详细介绍,本文中应用了具体个例对本申请的原理及实施方式进行了阐述,以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本申请及其核心思想;同时,对于本领域的一般技术人员,依据本申请的思想,在具体实现方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处,综上所述,本说明书内容不应理解为对本申请的限制。
Claims (10)
- 一种主负继电器检测系统,其特征在于,所述主负继电器检测系统包括第一回路和检测电路,所述第一回路包括第一电源、主正继电器、负载以及主负继电器,所述检测电路包括第二电源、第一电阻、第二电阻、第三电阻以及微控制单元,其中,所述第一电源的正极连接所述主正继电器的正端,所述主正继电器的负端连接所述负载的正极,所述负载的负极连接所述主负继电器的正端,所述主负继电器的负端连接所述第一电源的负极;所述第二电源的正极连接所述第一电阻的第一端,所述第一电阻的第二端分别连接所述第二电阻的第一端、所述第三电阻的第一端以及所述微控制单元,所述第二电阻的第二端分别连接所述主负继电器的负端和所述第二电源的负极,所述第三电阻的第二端连接所述主负继电器的正端;所述微控制单元用于检测所述第一电阻第二端的电压,并根据所述电压以及预设的电压与所述主负继电器的当前状态之间的映射关系,确定所述电压对应的所述主负继电器的当前状态,所述当前状态包括断开、闭合以及粘连。
- 根据权利要求1所述的主负继电器检测系统,其特征在于,所述检测电路还包括第一开关器件和第二开关器件,所述第一开关器件与所述第二电阻串联,所述第二开关器件与所述第三电阻串联;所述第一开关器件用于接通或者断开所述第二电阻与所述主负继电器的负端的连接;所述第二开关器件用于接通或者断开所述第三电阻与所述主正继电器的正端的连接。
- 根据权利要求1所述的主负继电器检测系统,其特征在于,所述检测电路还包括第一单向导通部件,其中,所述第一单向导通器件的正极连接所述第二电源正极,所述第一单向导通器件的负极连接所述第一电阻的第一端;所述第一单向导通器件用于单向导通所述检测电路中的电流,以避免所述第一电源影响电压检测。
- 根据权利要求3所述的主负继电器检测系统,其特征在于,所述第一单向导通部件包括二极管。
- 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的主负继电器检测系统,其特征在于,所述主负继电器检测系统还包括:保护电路模块,所述保护电路模块连接所述微控制单元。
- 根据权利要求5所述的主负继电器检测系统,其特征在于,所述保护电路模块包括保护器件和稳压器件,所述稳压器件的正极连接所述第一电源的负极,所述稳压器件的负极分别连接所述保护器件的第一端和所述微控制单元,所述保护器件的第二端连接所述第一电阻的第二端。
- 根据权利要求6所述的主负继电器检测系统,其特征在于,所述稳压器件包括稳压二极管。
- 根据权利要求5所述的主负继电器检测系统,其特征在于,所述保护电路模块包括第二单向导通器件和保护器件,所述第二单向导通器件的负极连接所述第二电源的负极,所述第二单向导通器件的正极分别连接所述保护器件的第一端和所述微控制单元,所述保护器件的第二端连接所述第一电阻的第二端。
- 根据权利要求8所述的主负继电器检测系统,其特征在于,所述保护电路模块还包括第三单向导通器件,所述第三单向导通器件的正极连接所述第一电源的负极,所述第三单向导通器件的负极连接所述第二单向导通器件的正极。
- 根据权利要求6或8所述的主负继电器检测系统,其特征在于,所述保护器件为第四电阻。
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