WO2022080478A1 - 容器詰め炭酸飲料 - Google Patents
容器詰め炭酸飲料 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022080478A1 WO2022080478A1 PCT/JP2021/038170 JP2021038170W WO2022080478A1 WO 2022080478 A1 WO2022080478 A1 WO 2022080478A1 JP 2021038170 W JP2021038170 W JP 2021038170W WO 2022080478 A1 WO2022080478 A1 WO 2022080478A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/03—Organic compounds
- A23L29/035—Organic compounds containing oxygen as heteroatom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/03—Organic compounds
- A23L29/05—Organic compounds containing phosphorus as heteroatom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/70—Clarifying or fining of non-alcoholic beverages; Removing unwanted matter
- A23L2/72—Clarifying or fining of non-alcoholic beverages; Removing unwanted matter by filtration
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12C—BEER; PREPARATION OF BEER BY FERMENTATION; PREPARATION OF MALT FOR MAKING BEER; PREPARATION OF HOPS FOR MAKING BEER
- C12C12/00—Processes specially adapted for making special kinds of beer
- C12C12/04—Beer with low alcohol content
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a packaged carbonated drink.
- malt and hops are used as the main raw materials.
- malt As a raw material, it is possible to produce a beverage having a rich umami and taste derived from malt.
- hops As a raw material, it is possible to produce a beverage having a rich flavor due to the bitterness, astringency and other flavors peculiar to hops.
- the number of consumers who do not like the bitterness and astringency derived from hops has increased, and it is said that the consumption of beer-taste beverages has been sluggish.
- Development of beer-taste beverages that do not use hops as raw materials is also underway (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2017-6077 (Patent Document 1)).
- non-alcoholic beers that do not use hops have a pronounced malt flavor, which can lead to a heavy, heavy-tasting beverage. Therefore, by increasing the content of carbon dioxide gas, the throat irritation can be strengthened and the mouthpiece can be lightened, but the content is limited by the strength of the packaging material.
- the internal pressure of the packaging material increases, so that the content of carbon dioxide gas can be greatly limited.
- the content of carbon dioxide gas may be limited because the strength of the packaging material is limited, although it is desired to enhance the throat irritation.
- the present invention has an ethanol content of less than 1.0 (v / v)%, a carbon dioxide content of 0.10 to 5.0 kg / cm 2 , and a content of 2-methyl-2-pentenoic acid.
- a packaged carbonated drink having a mass of 30 to 10500 mass ppb is provided.
- the present invention includes the following aspects of the invention.
- Ethanol content is less than 1.0 (v / v)%
- carbonic acid gas content is 0.10 to 5.0 kg / cm 2
- 2-methyl-2-pentenoic acid content is 30 to 10500 mass.
- the packaged carbonated drink according to [1] which contains lactic acid in an amount of 800 mass ppm or less.
- a packaged carbonated drink that stimulates the throat while suppressing the content of carbon dioxide gas is provided. Further, a packaged carbonated drink in which the astringency of an unsuitable aftertaste is suppressed is provided.
- the packaged carbonated beverage of the present invention has an ethanol content of less than 1.0 (v / v)%, a carbonic acid gas content of 0.10 to 5.0 kg / cm 2 , and 2-methyl-2. -The content of pentenic acid is 30 to 10500 mass ppb.
- the carbonated beverage is a beverage containing carbon dioxide gas (carbon dioxide).
- Carbon dioxide can be provided in the beverage using methods commonly known to those of skill in the art, eg, but not limited to, carbon dioxide may be dissolved in the beverage under pressure, such as a carbonator.
- Carbon dioxide and beverage may be mixed in the pipe using a mixer.
- the beverage may be absorbed by the beverage by spraying the beverage into a tank filled with carbon dioxide, or the beverage and carbonated water may be mixed.
- the carbonated drink of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is, for example, a carbonated drink having flavors such as beer-taste drink, carbonated water, lemon, lemon lime, lime, orange, grapefruit, and grape (for example, cider and ramune). , Cola drinks, ginger ale, carbonated drinks with fruit juice, and carbonated drinks with milk, soda rink, tonic water, near water, mineral water and the like. Further, the carbonated beverage of the present invention is preferably a beer-taste beverage.
- beer-taste beverage refers to a carbonated beverage having a beer-like flavor. Since the carbonated beverage of the present invention has an ethanol content of less than 1.0 (v / v)%, the beer-taste beverage has an ethanol content of less than 1.0 (v / v)%. It is a non-alcoholic beer-taste beverage.
- beer-taste beverages include not only beer, which is a fermented malt beverage obtained by fermenting malt, hops, and water with yeast, but also beer flavors that do not use malt or hops as raw materials. Also includes carbonated beverages having.
- fermented beverages produced by adding yeast to a pre-fermentation solution containing wheat juice and components necessary for fermentation, and fermenting, esters, higher alcohols and lactones such as isoamyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n- Propanol, isobutanol, acetaldehyde, ethyl caproate, ethyl caprylate, isoamylpropionate, linalol, geraniol, citral, 4-vinylguaiacol (4-VG), 4-methyl-3-pentenoic acid, 2-methyl-2 -Pentenoic acid, 1,4-cineol, 1,8-cineole, 2,3-diethyl-5-methylpyrazine, ⁇ -decanolactone, ⁇ -undecalactone, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, n-butyric acid It also includes fermented carbonated beverages and non-fermented
- the non-alcoholic beer-taste beverage has 1 (v / v /) alcohol obtained by removing the alcohol generated in the fermentation step after undergoing a fermentation step using yeast (top-fermenting yeast and / or bottom-fermenting yeast) in the manufacturing step. It may be a fermented beverage that is less than v%). It may be a fermented beverage obtained by stopping fermentation so that the alcohol content is less than 1 (v / v%). Further, a fermented beverage diluted with water or the like so that the alcohol content is less than 1 (v / v%) may be used.
- off-flavors such as hydrogen sulfide, diacetyl, 2,3-pentanedione and acetaldehyde are below the threshold value, but it is not always necessary to stop the fermentation below the threshold value.
- off-flavour such as hydrogen sulfide, diacetyl, 2,3-pentanedione, and acetaldehyde is fused with the flavor of beer-taste beverage to obtain a good flavor
- the concentration of off-flavor is not limited. It may be a non-fermented beverage prepared without undergoing a fermentation step.
- the packaged carbonated drink according to one aspect of the present invention may be a fermented beer-taste beverage that has undergone a fermentation step using yeast, or may be a non-fermented beer-taste beverage that has not undergone a fermentation step.
- the fermented beer-taste beverage may be a top-fermented beer-taste beverage brewed through a fermentation process using top-fermented yeast, or a bottom-fermented beer-taste beverage brewed through a fermentation process using bottom-fermented yeast. May be good.
- Alcohol-producing yeast or wild yeast (Brettanomyces, etc.) may be used for fermentation, or alcohol-free yeast (Saccharomyces, etc.), wild yeast (Brettanomyces, etc.), lactic acid fermentation or gluconic acid fermentation is performed. Bacteria and the like may be used.
- the beer-taste beverage according to one aspect of the present invention may be a malt-based beer-taste beverage using malt as a raw material, or a malt-free beer-taste beverage using malt, but malt-based beverages may be used. Beer-taste beverages are preferable, and beer-taste beverages using barley malt are more preferable.
- the packaged carbonated beverage according to one aspect of the present invention is preferably a non-alcoholic beer-taste beverage containing no alcohol.
- the packaged carbonated drink of one aspect of the present invention is a non-hop non-alcoholic beer-taste beverage that does not substantially contain hop-derived components, but is a hop component-containing non-alcoholic beer that contains hop-derived components. It may be a taste beverage.
- the hop form used in one aspect of the present invention include pellet hops, powdered hops, hop extracts and the like. Further, as the hop to be used, a processed hop product such as an isodized hop or a reduced hop may be used.
- the carbonated drink of the present invention has a carbonic acid gas content of 0.10 to 5.0 kg / cm 2 , and a content of 2-methyl-2-pentenoic acid of 30 to 10500 mass ppb. It can be a carbonated drink that has good irritation and suppresses the astringency of the aftertaste, which is unsuitable for a carbonated drink.
- hop-derived components As used herein, “substantially free of hop-derived components” means that neither hops nor hop-derived components are positively added as raw materials when producing carbonated drinks. However, the embodiment in which hop-derived components are inevitably mixed in the production of carbonated drinks is included. Whether or not hops and hop-derived ingredients are actively added as raw materials for carbonated drinks depends on the Liquor Tax Law, Food Labeling Law, Food Sanitation Law, JAS Law, Freebie Labeling Law, Health Promotion Law or the industry. It can also be confirmed from the raw material labeling set by the rules and voluntary standards set by the organization. For example, when a hop and a component derived from the hop are contained, it is written as "hop" in the raw material name of the raw material display. On the other hand, in carbonated drinks that "substantially contain no ingredients derived from hops", the raw material name on the raw material label does not indicate "hop".
- the content of iso-alpha acid in the drink "substantially free of hop-derived components" is 0.1% by mass based on the total amount (100% by mass) of the carbonated drink. It is less than ppm.
- the content of iso-alpha acid is the revised BCOJ beer analysis method (published by the Japan Brewing Association, edited by the International Technical Committee of the Beer Brewing Association [Analysis Committee], revised in 2013) 8.25 Iso ⁇ .
- Acid Alpha Acid means the value measured by the high speed liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis method described.
- the total nitrogen content of the carbonated drink of the present invention is preferably 140 mg / 100 mL or less.
- the "total nitrogen amount” in the present invention is the total amount of all nitrogen compounds such as proteins and amino acids.
- the total amount of nitrogen affects the response to drinking, the thickness of the taste, the taste, etc. By setting the total amount of nitrogen to a certain value or more, it is possible to respond to drinking and improve the thickness and taste of the taste. From the viewpoint of improving these, the total nitrogen content of the carbonated drink of the present invention is preferably 0.5 mg / 100 mL or more, and more preferably 1 mg / 100 mL or more.
- the total nitrogen content of the carbonated drink of the present invention is 2 mg / 100 mL or more, 4 mg / 100 mL or more, 7 mg / 100 mL or more, 10 mg / 100 mL or more, 20 mg / 100 mL or more, 30 mg / 100 mL or more, 40 mg / 100 mL or more, 50 mg / It may be 100 mL or more, 60 mg / 100 mL or more, 70 mg / 100 mL or more, 80 mg / 100 mL or more, 90 mg / 100 mL or more, or 100 mg / 100 mL or more. On the other hand, if the total amount of nitrogen is large, the mouth of the beverage becomes heavy.
- the total nitrogen amount of the beverage of the present invention is preferably 130 mg / 100 mL or less, more preferably 125 mg / 100 mL or less, and more preferably 120 mg / 100 mL or less.
- the total nitrogen content of the carbonated drink of the present invention may be 115 mg / 100 mL or less, 110 mg / 100 mL or less, or 105 mg / 100 mL or less.
- the total nitrogen content of the carbonated beverage of the present invention is the addition of diluted water or carbonated water, the type of raw material (wort, yeast, sugar solution, etc.), the amount of raw material, the type of enzyme, and the enzyme (including proteolytic enzyme, etc.).
- Amount of addition temperature at the time of enzyme reaction, timing of addition of enzyme, protein decomposition time in the preparation tank, pH in the preparation tank, temperature in the preparation tank, preparation process (wort production process from malt addition to before yeast addition) ), Temperature in the preparation process, temperature during wort filtration, time for wort filtration, pH during wort filtration, amount of sparging water used for wort filtration, when preparing wort Set temperature and holding time of each temperature range, boiling time and pH in the boiling process, original extract concentration of pre-fermented wort, original extract concentration in the fermentation process, fermentation conditions (oxygen concentration, aeration conditions, yeast varieties, yeast) Filtering conditions such as addition amount, yeast growth number, yeast removal timing, fermentation temperature, fermentation time, pressure setting, wort concentration, etc.) can be appropriately set.
- the total nitrogen content can be adjusted by adding diluted water or carbonated water, selecting the amount and type of raw materials used, and the time during the manufacturing process (mixing of raw materials). The mixing time, etc.), the temperature during the manufacturing process, the pH during the manufacturing process, the concentration of the original extract during the manufacturing process, etc. can be appropriately set and adjusted.
- the total nitrogen content of the carbonated beverage of the present invention can be controlled by adjusting the amount of raw materials that can be assimilated by yeast, which have a relatively high nitrogen content. Specifically, the total nitrogen content can be increased by increasing the amount of malt or the like having a high nitrogen content.
- Examples of raw materials having a high nitrogen content include malt, soybean, yeast extract, pea, ungerminated grain, collagen, collagen peptide, yeast extract and the like.
- Examples of ungerminated grains include ungerminated barley, wheat, rye, oats, oats, adlay, enwheat, soybeans, and peas.
- the total nitrogen content of carbonated beverages according to the present invention is, for example, the revised BCOJ beer analysis method (published by the Brewing Society of Japan, edited by the International Technical Committee of the Brewing Society of Japan [Analysis Committee], revised in 2013) 8.9 Total nitrogen. It can be measured by the methods described.
- the total amount of polyphenols in the carbonated drink of the present invention is preferably 200 mass ppm or less.
- the polyphenol is a compound in which two or more hydrogens of an aromatic hydrocarbon are substituted with a hydroxyl group.
- examples of polyphenols include flavonols, isoflavones, tannins, catechins, quercetin, anthocyanins and the like.
- the "total amount of polyphenols" in the present invention is the total amount of these polyphenols contained in carbonated drinks.
- the total amount of polyphenols affects the response to drinking, the thickness of the taste, the taste, and the like. By setting the total amount of polyphenols to a certain value or more, it is possible to respond to drinking and improve the thickness and taste of the taste. From the viewpoint of improving these, the total amount of polyphenols is preferably 1 mass ppm or more, more preferably 2 mass ppm or more. Further, the total amount of polyphenol in the carbonated beverage of the present invention is 3 mass ppm or more, 5 mass ppm or more, 7 mass ppm or more, 10 mass ppm or more, 20 mass ppm or more, 30 mass ppm or more, 40 mass ppm or more, 50 mass.
- the beverage of the present invention can improve the turbidity stability and the mouthpiece of the beverage by setting the total amount of polyphenols to 200 mass ppm or less.
- the total amount of polyphenols is preferably 190 mass ppm or less, more preferably 180 mass ppm or less, more preferably 170 mass ppm or less, and particularly preferably 163 mass ppm or less.
- the total amount of polyphenol in the carbonated drink of the present invention may be 150 mass ppm or less, 140 mass ppm or less, 130 mass ppm or less, 120 mass ppm or less, 110 mass ppm or less, 100 mass ppm or less.
- the total amount of polyphenol in the carbonated beverage of the present invention is adjusted by adding diluted water or carbonated water, the type of raw material (raw material containing polyphenol such as wort), the amount of raw material, the type of enzyme, the amount of enzyme added, and the addition of enzyme.
- the mixing time, etc.), the temperature during the manufacturing process, the pH during the manufacturing process, the concentration of the original extract during the manufacturing process, etc. can be appropriately set and adjusted.
- the total amount of polyphenols in the carbonated beverage of the present invention can be controlled by adjusting the amount of raw materials having a high polyphenol content, such as barley malt and malt husk (grain bark). Specifically, increase the amount of grain raw materials such as wheat and malt containing a large amount of polyphenols, tea raw materials such as green tea, wheat tea, black tea and oolong tea, coffee raw materials such as coffee beans, and raw materials such as peels, fruits and seeds. This makes it possible to increase the total amount of polyphenols.
- malt with husk (grain bark) has a high nitrogen and polyphenol content
- soybean, yeast extract, wheat, wheat malt and the like have a high nitrogen content but a low polyphenol content. Therefore, the total amount of nitrogen and the total amount of polyphenols in carbonated drinks can be increased or decreased by adjusting the mixing ratio of the raw materials.
- typical methods (1) to (4) for increasing / decreasing the total amount of nitrogen and the total amount of polyphenols are listed.
- (1) Increase the total nitrogen content and total polyphenol content of carbonated drinks by increasing the amount of malt containing husk.
- the total amount of nitrogen in the carbonated drink is increased or decreased while maintaining the total amount of polyphenols.
- the total amount of polyphenols in carbonated drinks of the present invention is, for example, 8.19 total polyphenols in the revised BCOJ beer analysis method (published by the Brewing Society of Japan, edited by the International Technical Committee of the Brewing Society of Japan [Analysis Committee], revised in 2013). It can be measured by the methods described.
- the carbonated drink of the present invention contains 2-methyl-2-pentenic acid, the content thereof being 30 to 10500 mass ppb. Since 2-methyl-2-pentenoic acid stimulates the throat of carbonated drinks, it is possible to provide carbonated drinks having moderate throat irritation without excessively increasing the content of carbonic acid. In particular, carbonated drinks with an iso-alpha acid content of 0.1% by mass or less are less likely to feel the peculiar bitterness derived from hops, and carbonated drinks containing a certain amount of total nitrogen and total polyphenols tend to have a noticeable malt flavor. Therefore, when a certain amount of 2-methyl-2-pentenoic acid is contained, an appropriate throat irritation can be effectively imparted.
- the content of 2-methyl-2-pentenoic acid in the carbonated beverage of the present invention is preferably 5 mass ppb or more, more preferably 10 mass ppb or more, further preferably 15 mass ppb or more, still more preferably 20 mass ppb or more. , 25 mass ppb or more is further preferable, 30 mass ppb or more is further preferable, 35 mass ppb or more is further preferable, 40 mass ppb or more is further preferable, 45 mass ppb or more is further preferable, and 48 mass ppb or more is particularly preferable.
- the content of 2-methyl-2-pentenoic acid in the carbonated drink of the present invention may be 80 mass ppb or more, 100 mass ppb or more, 200 mass ppb or more, 300 mass ppb or more, or 400 mass ppb or more.
- the content of 2-methyl-2-pentenoic acid in the beverage of the present invention is preferably 10400 mass ppb or less, more preferably 10300 mass ppb or less, and 10200 mass ppb. The following is more preferable, and 10100 mass ppb or less is further preferable.
- the content of 2-methyl-2-pentenoic acid in the carbonated beverage of the present invention is 80 mass ppb or more, 8000 mass ppb or less, 6000 mass ppb or less, 4000 mass ppb or less, 2000 mass ppb or less, or 1000 mass ppb or less. May be good.
- the content of 2-methyl-2-pentenic acid in the carbonated drink of the present invention is, for example, the addition of 2-methyl-2-pentenic acid or the amount of raw materials having a high content of 2-methyl-2-pentenic acid. Can be controlled by adjusting.
- the carbonated drink of the present invention may contain an organic acid other than 2-methyl-2-pentenic acid.
- the content of 2-methyl-2-pentenic acid in the carbonated drink of the present invention can be measured by, for example, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (m / z 114).
- the carbonated drink of the present invention preferably contains lactic acid in an amount of 800 mass ppm or less.
- the lactic acid content of the carbonated beverage of the present invention is preferably 800% by mass or less, more preferably 750% by mass or less, still more preferably 700% by mass or less, still more preferably 650% by mass or less, and particularly preferably. It is 600 mass ppm or less, preferably 10 mass ppm or more, more preferably 50 mass ppm or more, further preferably 80 mass ppm or more, still more preferably 90 mass ppm or more, and particularly preferably 100 mass ppm or more. ..
- the content of lactic acid may be 150 mass ppm or more, 180 mass ppm or more, 200 mass ppm or more, 250 mass ppm or more, 300 mass ppm or more, 350 mass ppm or more, 400 mass ppm or more, or 450 mass ppm or more. ..
- the lactic acid content of the carbonated drink of the present invention can be measured by, for example, high performance liquid chromatography.
- the carbonated drink of the present invention preferably contains phosphoric acid in an amount of 500 mass ppm or less.
- the phosphate content of the carbonated beverage of the present invention is preferably 500% by mass or less, more preferably 450% by mass or less, more preferably 400% by mass or less, still more preferably 350% by mass or less, still more preferably 350% by mass or less. It is 300 mass ppm or less, more preferably 250 mass ppm or less, particularly preferably 200 mass ppm or less, and preferably 5 mass ppm or more, more preferably 10 mass ppm or more, more preferably 30 mass ppm or more, and further.
- the phosphoric acid content of the carbonated drink of the present invention can be measured by, for example, high performance liquid chromatography.
- the ethanol content of the carbonated drink of the present invention is less than 1.0 (v / v)%, but 0.9 (v / v)% or less, 0.8 (v / v)% or less, 0.7. (V / v)% or less, 0.6 (v / v)% or less, 0.5 (v / v)% or less, 0.4 (v / v)% or less, 0.3 (v / v)%
- it may be 0.2 (v / v)% or less, 0.1 (v / v)% or less, or 0.0 (v / v)%, or 0.0 (v / v).
- the content of ethanol shall be expressed as a volume / volume-based percentage (v / v%). Further, the alcohol content of the beverage can be measured by any known method, and can be measured by, for example, a vibration type densitometer.
- the color of the packaged carbonated beverage according to one aspect of the present invention is not particularly limited, but may be amber or golden like beer, black like black beer, or colorless and transparent, or a colorant or the like. May be added to give the desired color.
- the color of the carbonated drink can be discriminated with the naked eye, but it may be defined by the total light transmittance, the chromaticity, or the like.
- the pH of the packaged carbonated drink according to one aspect of the present invention is preferably 2.0 to 4.6, more preferably 2 from the viewpoint of reducing the risk of growth of microorganisms and improving the flavor. It is .5 to 4.5, more preferably 3.0 to 4.2, and particularly preferably 3.2 to 4.0, 3.3 to 3.9, 3.4 to 3.9, 3 It is 5.5 to 3.9.
- the pH can be adjusted by adding diluted water or carbonated water, the type of raw material (fermentation, corn glitz, sugar solution, etc.), the amount of raw material, the type of enzyme, the amount of enzyme added, the timing of enzyme addition, and the saccharification time in the preparation tank.
- the pH can be adjusted by adding diluted water or carbonated water, adding minerals (sodium salt, potassium salt, calcium salt, magnesium salt, etc.), and minerals.
- minerals sodium salt, potassium salt, calcium salt, magnesium salt, etc.
- the pH of the carbonated beverage according to the present invention is the method described in the revised BCOJ beer analysis method (published by the Brewing Society of Japan, edited by the International Technical Committee of the Brewing Society of Japan [Analysis Committee], revised in 2013, 8.7 pH. Can be measured by.
- the raw materials for the carbonated drink of the present invention are not particularly limited as long as the finally obtained carbonated drink contains 300 to 10500 mass ppb of 2-methyl-2-pentenoic acid.
- 2-methyl-2-pentenic acid contained in the packaged carbonated beverage of one aspect of the present invention 2-methyl-2-pentenic acid contained in the raw material may be used, or 2-methyl-2-pentenic acid.
- an additive containing 2-methyl-2-pentenic acid may be added, or 2-methyl-2-pentenic acid generated in the brewing step may be used.
- the preservative examples include benzoic acid; benzoate such as sodium benzoate; benzoic acid ester such as propyl paraoxybenzoate and butyl paraoxybenzoate; dimethyl dicarbonate and the like.
- a commercially available preparation such as strong sample leather (manufactured by San-Ei Gen FFI Co., Ltd., a mixture of sodium benzoate and butyl benzoate) may be used.
- These preservatives may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the blending amount of the preservative is preferably 5 to 1200 mass ppm, more preferably 10 to 1100 mass ppm, still more preferably 15 to 1000 mass ppm, still more preferably 20 to 900 mass ppm.
- sweeteners include commercially available saccharified liquids obtained by decomposing grain-derived starch with acid or enzyme, commercially available sugars such as starch syrup, sugars of trisaccharides or higher, sugar alcohols, natural sweeteners such as stevia, and artificial sweeteners. Can be mentioned.
- the form of these saccharides may be a liquid such as a solution or a solid such as a powder.
- the type of starch raw material grain the method for purifying starch, and the treatment conditions such as hydrolysis with enzymes or acids.
- a saccharide having an increased proportion of maltose may be used by appropriately setting the conditions for hydrolysis with an enzyme or acid.
- sucrose, fructose, glucose, maltose, trehalose, maltotriose, and solutions thereof can also be used.
- artificial sweetener include aspartame, acesulfame potassium (acesulfame K), sucralose, neotame and the like.
- water-soluble dietary fiber examples include indigestible dextrin, polydextrose, guar gum decomposition product, pectin, glucomannan, alginic acid, laminarin, fucoidin, carrageenan, etc. from the viewpoint of versatility such as stability and safety. , Indigestible dextrin or polydextrose is preferred.
- the bitterness may be imparted by a hop or an ⁇ -acid-isolated hop extract, and the bitterness or bitterness-imparting agent shown below together with the hop or the ⁇ -acid-isolated hop extract. May be used. Further, instead of using hops and hop extracts obtained by isolating ⁇ -acids, the following bitterness agents or bitterness-imparting agents may be used instead of hops. Examples of the bitterness agent or bitterness-imparting agent include mannenrou, reishi, hime scent, morimatsumi, sage, maze scent, mannentake, laurel, quasin, citrus extract, nigaki extract, coffee extract, tea extract, etc.
- bitter gourd extract hass germ extract, kidachi aloe extract, mannen wax extract, reishi extract, laurel extract, sage extract, caraway extract, naringin, nigayomogi and nigayomogi extract.
- the antioxidant is not particularly limited, and those used as antioxidants in ordinary beer and low-malt beer can be used, and examples thereof include ascorbic acid, erythorbic acid, and catechin.
- the fragrance is not particularly limited, and a general beer fragrance can be used.
- the beer flavoring is used for beer-like flavoring, and contains brewing components and the like generated by fermentation.
- Specific examples of beer fragrances include esters and higher alcohols, and more specifically, isoamyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-propanol, isobutanol, acetaldehyde, ethyl caproate, linalol, 4-vinylguaiacol, isoamylpro. Pionate, 4-methyl-3-pentenoic acid, methional, furfural, furaneol and the like can be mentioned. These fragrances may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the carbonated drink of the present invention may use an acidulant other than the above-mentioned lactic acid and phosphoric acid.
- the acidulant other than lactic acid and phosphoric acid is not particularly limited as long as it is a substance having an acidity, and is, for example, tartaric acid, citric acid, gluconic acid, malic acid, phytic acid, acetic acid, succinic acid, gluconodeltalactone or them. Salt is mentioned.
- tartaric acid, citric acid, gluconic acid, malic acid, phytic acid, acetic acid, succinic acid or salts thereof are preferable, and tartaric acid, citric acid, acetic acid or salts thereof are more preferable.
- These acidulants may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the main raw materials of the carbonated drink of one aspect of the present invention are malt, hops and water containing nitrogen, polyphenols and the like, and in addition, preservatives, sweeteners, water-soluble dietary fibers, bitterness agents or bitterness-imparting agents, Antioxidants, fragrances, acidulants and the like may be used.
- the malt refers to malt seeds such as barley, wheat, rye, oats, oats, adlay, and oats that have been germinated, dried, and rooted.
- the variety may be any.
- barley malt is one of the most commonly used malts as a raw material for Japanese beer-taste beverages.
- barley such as two-row barley and six-row barley, but any of them may be used.
- colored malt and the like can also be used. When using colored malt, different types of colored malt may be used in appropriate combinations, or one type of colored malt may be used.
- grains other than malt, protein, yeast extract, sugar solution, etc. may be used together with malt.
- Such grains include, for example, wheat that does not correspond to malt (barley, wheat, rye, crow wheat, oat, pigeon wheat, starch, etc.), rice (white rice, brown rice, etc.), corn, corn, potatoes, etc. , Beans (soybeans, oats, etc.), buckwheat, sorghum, oats, hie, starch obtained from them, extracts (extracts) thereof and the like.
- the protein include soybean protein, pea protein, yeast extract, and decomposition products thereof.
- liquid sugar containing a carbon source and carbonated drinks using a nitrogen source as an amino acid-containing material for example, soybean protein, etc.
- a nitrogen source as an amino acid-containing material (for example, soybean protein, etc.) such as the above-mentioned grains other than malt can be mentioned.
- Malt contains nitrogen compounds and polyphenols. Therefore, in the present invention, it is preferable to set the ratio of malt in the raw material to a certain range in order to keep the total nitrogen amount and the total polyphenol amount of the carbonated drink of the present invention within the range specified in the present invention.
- the malt ratio is preferably 1% by mass or more, more preferably 3% by mass or more, and further preferably 4% by mass or more. By setting the malt ratio within the above range, a carbonated beverage having a beer-like taste derived from malt can be produced. Further, the malt ratio of the carbonated drink of the present invention may be 10% by mass or more, 20% by mass or more, or 30% by mass or more.
- the malt ratio of the carbonated drink of the present invention is preferably 90% by mass or less, more preferably 80% by mass or less, and further preferably 75% by mass or less. Further, the malt ratio of the carbonated drink of the present invention may be 65% by mass or less, 60% by mass or less, 55% by mass or less, and 50% by mass or less.
- the malt ratio means a value calculated on April 1, 2018 in accordance with the Liquor Tax Law on the construction date and the notification of interpretation of liquor administration related laws and regulations.
- malt When suppressing the ratio of malt, it is preferable to increase the amount of raw materials (carbon source, nitrogen source) other than malt that can be assimilated by yeast.
- carbon sources of raw materials that yeast can assimilate include simple sugars, disaccharides, trisaccharides, and their sugar solutions
- nitrogen sources include yeast extract, soybean protein, malt, soybean, yeast extract, pea, and wheat.
- malt ungerminated grains, and decomposition products thereof.
- ungerminated grains include ungerminated barley, wheat, rye, oats, oats, adlay, enwheat, soybeans, and peas.
- the aroma of malt-derived wheat can be effectively suppressed.
- the carbon dioxide gas contained in the packaged carbonated drink of one aspect of the present invention may be the carbon dioxide gas contained in the raw material, or may be dissolved by mixing with carbonated water or adding carbon dioxide gas. You may let me.
- the carbon dioxide concentration of the beer-taste beverage of one aspect of the present invention is preferably 0.30 (w / w)% or more, more preferably 0.35 (w / w)% or more, still more preferably 0.40 (w). / W)% or more, more preferably 0.42 (w / w)% or more, still more preferably 0.45 (w / w)% or more, still more preferably 0.46 (w / w)%.
- the above is more preferably 0.47 (w / w)% or more, particularly preferably 0.48 (w / w)% or more, and more preferably 0.80 (w / w)%.
- the carbon dioxide gas concentration is measured by immersing the container containing the target beverage in a water tank at 20 ° C. for 30 minutes or more while shaking it occasionally to adjust the temperature of the beverage to 20 ° C. It can be measured using an apparatus (for example, GVA-500 (manufactured by Kyoto Electronics Industry Co., Ltd.)).
- the amount of carbon dioxide gas contained in the packaged carbonated drink of one aspect of the present invention is expressed by the carbon dioxide gas pressure of the drink and is 0.10 to 5.0 kg / cm 2 , but the upper limit of the carbon dioxide gas pressure is 4. It may be 8 kg / cm 2 , 4.5 kg / cm 2 , or 4.0 kg / cm 2 , with a lower limit of 0.20 kg / cm 2 , 0.50 kg / cm 2 , or 1.0 kg / cm 2 . You may. Further, the amount of carbon dioxide gas contained in the packaged carbonated drink of one aspect of the present invention may be 5.0 kg / cm 2 or less, 4.5 kg / cm 2 or less, or 4.0 kg / cm 2 or less, and also.
- the carbon dioxide pressure of the beverage is 0.20 kg / cm 2 or more and 5.0 kg / cm 2 or less, 0.50 kg / cm 2 or more and 4.5 kg / cm. It may be cm 2 or less, or 1.0 kg / cm 2 or more and 4.0 kg / cm 2 or less. Since the packaged carbonated drink of the present invention contains 2-methyl-2-pentenoic acid, it is possible to provide a drink that stimulates the throat without raising the gas pressure (content) of carbon dioxide gas higher than usual.
- the gas pressure means the gas pressure in the container, except for special cases.
- the pressure is measured by a method well known to those skilled in the art. It can be measured by using a method of swinging and reading the value when the pointer reaches a certain position, or by using a commercially available gas pressure measuring device.
- additives may be added as needed, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- additives include colorants, foam-forming agents, fermentation accelerators, yeast extracts, protein-based substances such as peptide-containing substances, and seasonings such as amino acids.
- the colorant is used to give a beer-like color to a beverage, and a caramel color or the like can be used.
- Foam-forming agents are used to form beer-like foam in beverages or to retain foam in beverages, and are plant-extracted saponin-based substances such as soybean saponin and kiraya saponin, and plants such as corn and soybean.
- Proteins, peptide-containing substances such as collagen peptides, yeast extract and the like can be appropriately used.
- the fermentation accelerator is used to promote fermentation by yeast, and for example, yeast extract, bran components such as rice and wheat, vitamins, mineral agents and the like can be used alone or in combination.
- a container of any form and material may be used for the packaged carbonated beverage according to one aspect of the present invention.
- the container in which the packaged carbonated drink of one aspect of the present invention is packed include bottles, PET bottles, cans, and barrels, but from the viewpoint of being particularly easy to carry, cans, bottles, and PET bottles. Is preferable.
- a colorless and transparent bottle or a PET bottle is used for the container, it is exposed to sunlight or fluorescent light, unlike the case of a normal can or a colored bottle.
- the packaged carbonated drink of one aspect of the present invention does not substantially contain a component derived from hops, the generation of sunlight odor due to sunlight irradiation is suppressed. Therefore, the packaged carbonated drink of one aspect of the present invention can also be filled in such a colorless and transparent bottle or a PET bottle.
- the method for producing a packaged carbonated beverage of the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include methods having the following steps (1) to (3).
- -Step (1) A step of obtaining a pre-beverage liquid by performing at least one of a saccharification treatment, a boiling treatment, and a solid content removing treatment using various raw materials.
- -Step (2) A step of adding carbon dioxide gas to the pre-beverage liquid.
- -Step (3) A step of adjusting the content of 2-methyl-2-pentenoic acid.
- the step (1) is a step of obtaining a pre-beverage liquid by performing at least one of a saccharification treatment, a boiling treatment, and a solid content removing treatment using various raw materials.
- various raw materials including water and malt are put into a charging kettle or a charging tank, and an enzyme such as amylase is added as needed.
- various raw materials other than malt dietary fiber, sweetener, antioxidant, bitterness-imparting agent, flavoring, acidulant, pigment and the like may be added.
- the mixture of various raw materials is heated to saccharify the starch of the raw materials for saccharification treatment.
- the temperature and time of the saccharification treatment are appropriately adjusted depending on the type of malt used, the malt ratio, water and raw materials other than malt.
- filtration is performed to obtain a saccharified solution.
- the saccharified solution is preferably boiled.
- a bitterness or the like is used as a raw material in this boiling treatment, it is preferable to add these.
- the bitterness and the like may be added between the start of boiling and the end of boiling of the saccharified solution.
- a solid content removing treatment for removing solid content such as coagulated protein in a clarification tank.
- a pre-beverage solution may be prepared by adding a bitterness agent or the like to a malt extract to which warm water is added and performing a boiling treatment.
- Acidulants, pigments and the like may be mixed with warm water to prepare a liquid sugar solution, and the liquid sugar solution may be boiled to prepare a pre-beverage liquid.
- hops When hops are used, they may be added before the boiling treatment, or may be added between the start of boiling and the end of boiling of the liquid sugar solution.
- a fermentation step using yeast is carried out, and a treatment for removing alcohol generated in the fermentation step is carried out, and the ethanol concentration is less than 1.0 (v / v)%, more preferably 0. .1 (v / v)% or less, more preferably less than 0.01 (v / v)%, even more preferably less than 0.005 (v / v)%) to produce a fermented beverage, carbonated Beverages may be produced.
- the above-mentioned fermentation step and the step of removing alcohol may not be performed.
- the step (2) is a step of adding carbon dioxide gas to the pre-beverage liquid.
- the method of adding carbon dioxide gas a known method applied when producing a carbonated drink can be used. It is preferable to adjust the carbon dioxide pressure so as to be in the above range by using a known method.
- Step (3) is a step of adjusting the content of 2-methyl-2-pentenoic acid.
- the step (3) may be performed before or after the saccharification treatment, the boiling treatment, and the solid content removal treatment of the step (1), and the step (2) after the completion of the step (1). You may go before and after. However, from the viewpoint of accurately adjusting the content in the finally produced beverage, it is preferable to carry out the process after the end of the step (1) and before the start of the step (2).
- step (3) the content of 2-methyl-2-pentenoic acid in the beverage before preparation is measured, and based on the measured value, these components are added or diluted with water to dilute each. It is preferable to make adjustments so that the content of the components is within the above range. If the content of 2-methyl-2-pentenic acid is already within the desired range due to the presence of natural 2-methyl-2-pentenic acid derived from the raw material in the beverage before preparation, this step. It is not necessary to add 2-methyl-2-pentenoic acid or add water to dilute the mixture.
- steps performed in the production of beer-taste beverages well known to those skilled in the art such as a liquor storage step and a filtration step, may be performed.
- the packaged carbonated beverage of one aspect of the present invention thus obtained is filled in a predetermined container and distributed as a product on the market.
- the method for bottling beverages is not particularly limited, and a bottling method well known to those skilled in the art can be used.
- the container packing step the carbonated beverage of the present invention is filled and sealed in the container.
- a container of any form and material may be used in the container packing step, and examples of the container include the container described in "1.4 Containerized Beverage".
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Abstract
Description
近年、ホップ由来の苦味や渋みを好まない消費者が増加し、ビールテイスト飲料の消費量が伸び悩んでいるといわれている。原材料にホップを使用しないビールテイスト飲料の開発も進められている(例えば、特開2017-6077号公報(特許文献1))。しかし、ホップを使用しないノンアルコールビールの中には、麦芽の風味が際立ってしまい、もったりした重い飲み口の飲料となってしまう場合もある。
そこで、炭酸ガスの含有量を増加させることによって、のどの刺激を強くして、飲み口を軽くすることができるが、当該含有量は包材の強度によって制限される。特に、飲料の製造における殺菌工程では包材の内圧が高まるため、炭酸ガスの含有量が大きく制限され得る。
また、ノンアルコールビール以外のアルコールを含まない炭酸飲料においても、のど刺激を強めたいが、包材の強度に限度があるため、炭酸ガスの含有量が制限され得る。
[1]
エタノールの含有量が1.0(v/v)%未満、炭酸ガス含有量が0.10~5.0kg/cm2、および、2-メチル-2-ペンテン酸の含有量が30~10500質量ppbである容器詰め炭酸飲料。
[2]
乳酸を800質量ppm以下で含む、[1]に記載の容器詰め炭酸飲料。
[3]
リン酸を含有量が500質量ppmで含む、[1]または[2]に記載の容器詰め炭酸飲料。
[4]
pHが2.5~4.5である、[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の容器詰め炭酸飲料。
[5]
前記炭酸飲料がビールテイスト飲料である、[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の容器詰め炭酸飲料。
[6]
前記炭酸飲料がノンアルコールビールテイスト飲料である、[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の容器詰め炭酸飲料。
本発明の容器詰め炭酸飲料は、エタノールの含有量が1.0(v/v)%未満、炭酸ガス含有量が0.10~5.0kg/cm2、および、2-メチル-2-ペンテン酸の含有量が30~10500質量ppbである。
「ビールテイスト飲料」には、麦芽、ホップ、および水を原料として、これらを、酵母を用いて発酵させて得られる麦芽発酵飲料であるビールだけでなく、麦芽やホップを原料に用いないビール風味を有する炭酸飲料をも包含する。麦汁や醗酵に必要な成分を含む醗酵前液に酵母を添加して発酵させて製造される発酵飲料に限定されず、エステルや高級アルコールやラクトン類、例えば、酢酸イソアミル、酢酸エチル、n-プロパノール、イソブタノール、アセトアルデヒド、カプロン酸エチル、カプリル酸エチル、イソアミルプロピオネート、リナロール、ゲラニオール、シトラール、4-ビニルグアイアコール(4-VG)、4-メチル-3-ペンテン酸、2-メチル-2-ペンテン酸、1,4-シネオール、1,8-シネオール、2,3-ジエチル-5-メチルピラジン、γ-デカノラクトン、γ-ウンデカラクトン、ヘキサン酸エチル、2-メチル酪酸エチル、n-酪酸エチル、ミルセン、メチオナール、フルフラール、フラネオール等を含むビール香料(ビール様の香りを想起させる香料)が添加された発酵炭酸飲料や非発酵炭酸飲料をも包含する。ノンアルコールビールテイスト飲料は、製造工程において、酵母(上面発酵酵母及び/又は下面発酵酵母)を用いた発酵工程を経た後、発酵工程で生じたアルコールを除去して得られるアルコールが1(v/v%)未満である発酵飲料であってもよい。アルコールが1(v/v%)未満になるように発酵を停止させて得られる発酵飲料であっても良い。また、アルコールが1(v/v%)未満になるように水などで希釈した発酵飲料でも良い。発酵を停止させる場合は硫化水素やダイアセチル、2,3-ペンタンジオン、アセトアルデヒドといったオフフレーバーが閾値以下になるように発酵を停止させることが好ましいが必ずしも閾値以下にする必要はない。硫化水素やダイアセチル、2,3-ペンタンジオン、アセトアルデヒドといったオフフレーバーがビールテイスト飲料の香味と融合し良好な香味になれば、オフフレーバーの濃度については限定されない。発酵工程を経ないで調製される非発酵飲料であってもよい。
また、本発明の一態様の容器詰め炭酸飲料は、酵母を用いて発酵工程を経た発酵ビールテイスト飲料であってもよく、発酵工程を経ない非発酵ビールテイスト飲料であってもよい。発酵ビールテイスト飲料は上面発酵酵母を用いた発酵工程を経て醸造された上面発酵ビールテイスト飲料であってもよく、下面発酵酵母を用いた発酵工程を経て醸造された下面発酵ビールテイスト飲料であってもよい。発酵にはアルコールを生成する酵母(サッカロマイセス)や野生酵母(ブレタノマイセスなど)を用いても良いし、アルコールを生成しない酵母(サッカロマイセスなど)、野生酵母(ブレタノマイセスなど)、乳酸発酵やグルコン酸発酵を行う菌などを用いてもよい。
加えて、本発明の一態様のビールテイスト飲料は、原料として麦芽を用いた麦芽使用ビールテイスト飲料であってもよく、麦芽を用いない麦芽不使用ビールテイスト飲料であってもよいが、麦芽使用ビールテイスト飲料が好ましく、大麦麦芽使用ビールテイスト飲料がより好ましい。
本発明の一態様で用いるホップの形態としては、例えば、ペレットホップ、粉末ホップ、ホップエキス等が挙げられる。また、用いるホップは、イソ化ホップ、還元ホップ等のホップ加工品を用いてもよい。
本発明の炭酸飲料は、炭酸ガス含有量が0.10~5.0kg/cm2、および、2-メチル-2-ペンテン酸の含有量が30~10500質量ppbであることで、のどへの刺激が良好であり、炭酸飲料としては不適な後味の渋味を抑えた炭酸飲料となり得る。
また、炭酸飲料の原材料として、ホップおよびホップに由来する成分が積極的に添加されているか否かは、酒税法、食品表示法、食品衛生法、JAS法、景品表示法、健康増進法あるいは業界団体が定めた規約や自主基準等によって定められた原材料表示から確認することもできる。例えば、ホップおよびホップに由来する成分が含まれている場合、原材料表示の原材料名に「ホップ」のように表記される。一方、「ホップに由来する成分を実質的に含まない」炭酸飲料では、原材料表示の原材料名に「ホップ」との表記がされない。
全窒素量は飲み応え、味の厚み、味わい等に影響する。全窒素量を一定値以上とすることによって飲み応え、味の厚み、味わいを向上させることができる。これらを向上させる観点から、本発明の炭酸飲料の全窒素量は0.5mg/100mL以上が好ましく、1mg/100mL以上がより好ましい。また、本発明の炭酸飲料の全窒素量を、2mg/100mL以上、4mg/100mL以上、7mg/100mL以上、10mg/100mL以上、20mg/100mL以上、30mg/100mL以上、40mg/100mL以上、50mg/100mL以上、60mg/100mL以上、70mg/100mL以上、80mg/100mL以上、90mg/100mL以上、または100mg/100mL以上、としてもよい。
他方、全窒素量が多いと、飲料の飲み口が重くなってしまう。そこで、本発明の飲料の全窒素量は140mg/100mL以下とすることによって、飲み口が軽くなる。これらを更に向上させる観点から、全窒素量は130mg/100mL以下が好ましく、125mg/100mL以下がより好ましく、120mg/100mL以下がより好ましい。また、本発明の炭酸飲料の全窒素量を、115mg/100mL以下、110mg/100mL以下、または105mg/100mL以下としてもよい。
本発明の炭酸飲料の全窒素量は、希釈水または炭酸水の添加、原材料(麦芽、コーングリッツ、糖液等)の種類、原材料の量、酵素の種類、酵素(タンパク分解酵素等も含む)の添加量、酵素反応時の温度、酵素の添加のタイミング、仕込槽でのタンパク分解時間、仕込槽でのpH、仕込槽での温度、仕込工程(麦芽投入から酵母添加前までの麦汁製造工程)でのpH、仕込工程での温度、麦汁濾過時の温度、麦汁濾過の時間、麦汁濾過時のpH、麦汁濾過の際に使用するスパージング水の量、麦汁を調製する際の各温度領域の設定温度及び保持時間、煮沸工程での煮沸時間及びpH、発酵前液のオリジナルエキス濃度、発酵工程でのオリジナルエキス濃度、発酵条件(酸素濃度、通気条件、酵母品種、酵母の添加量、酵母増殖数、酵母の除去タイミング、発酵温度、発酵時間、圧力設定、二酸化炭素濃度等)等、濾過の条件を適宜設定して行うことができる。
仕込槽や発酵タンクなどのビール醸造設備を使用しない場合の全窒素量の調整は、希釈水や炭酸水の添加、原材料の使用量や種類の選択の他に製造工程中の時間(原料の混合に伴う調合時間など)、製造工程中の温度、製造工程中のpH、製造工程中のオリジナルエキス濃度等を適宜設定して調整できる。
例えば、本発明の炭酸飲料の全窒素量は、比較的窒素含有量が多く、酵母が資化可能な原材料の使用量を調整することによって制御できる。具体的には、窒素含有量の多い麦芽等の使用量を増やすことにより全窒素量を増加させることができる。窒素含有量の多い原料としては、例えば、麦芽、大豆、酵母エキス、エンドウ、未発芽の穀物、コラーゲン、コラーゲンペプチド、酵母エキスなどが挙げられる。また未発芽の穀物としては、例えば、未発芽の大麦、小麦、ライ麦、カラス麦、オート麦、ハト麦、エン麦、大豆、エンドウ等が挙げられる。
本発明に係る炭酸飲料の全窒素量は、例えば、改訂BCOJビール分析法(公益財団法人日本醸造協会発行、ビール酒造組合国際技術委員会〔分析委員会〕編集2013年増補改訂)8.9全窒素に記載されている方法によって測定することができる。
ポリフェノールとは、芳香族炭化水素の2個以上の水素がヒドロキシル基で置換された化合物をいう。ポリフェノールとしては、例えば、フラボノール、イソフラボン、タンニン、カテキン、ケルセチン、アントシアニンなどが挙げられる。
本発明における「総ポリフェノール量」とは、炭酸飲料に含まれるこれらポリフェノールの総量である。
他方、総ポリフェノールが多い飲料は、混濁安定性が低下し、また飲み口も重くなってしまう。そこで、本発明の飲料は総ポリフェノール量を200質量ppm以下とすることによって、飲料の混濁安定性および飲み口を改良できる。これらを更に向上させる観点から、総ポリフェノール量は190質量ppm以下が好ましく、180質量ppm以下がより好ましく、170質量ppm以下がより好ましい、163質量ppm以下が特に好ましい。また、本発明の炭酸飲料の総ポリフェノール量を、150質量ppm以下、140質量ppm以下、130質量ppm以下、120質量ppm以下、110質量ppm以下、100質量ppm以下としてもよい。
本発明の炭酸飲料の総ポリフェノール量の調整は、希釈水または炭酸水の添加、原材料(麦芽等のポリフェノールを含む原料)の種類、原材料の量、酵素の種類、酵素の添加量、酵素の添加のタイミング、仕込槽でのpH、仕込工程(麦芽投入から酵母添加前での麦汁製造工程)でのpH、麦汁濾過の時間、麦汁を調製する際(糖化時含む)の各温度領域の設定温度及び保持時間、発酵前液のオリジナルエキス濃度、発酵工程でのオリジナルエキス濃度、発酵条件(酸素濃度、通気条件、酵母品種、酵母の添加量、酵母増殖数、酵母の除去タイミング、発酵温度、発酵時間、圧力設定、二酸化炭素濃度等)等を適宜設定して行うことができる。
仕込槽や発酵タンクなどのビール醸造設備を使用しない場合の総ポリフェノール量の調整は、希釈水や炭酸水の添加、原材料の使用量や種類の選択の他に製造工程中の時間(原料の混合に伴う調合時間など)、製造工程中の温度、製造工程中のpH、製造工程中のオリジナルエキス濃度等を適宜設定して調整できる。
また、本発明の炭酸飲料の総ポリフェノール量は、例えば、大麦麦芽、麦芽のハスク(穀皮)などのポリフェノール含有量の多い原材料の使用量を調整することによって制御できる。具体的には、ポリフェノール含有量の多い麦や麦芽などの穀物原料、緑茶や麦茶、紅茶、ウーロン茶などの茶原料、コーヒー豆などのコーヒー原料、果皮、果実、種子などの原材料の使用量を増やすことにより総ポリフェノール量を増加させることができる。
(1)ハスクがある麦芽等の使用量を増やすことによって、炭酸飲料の全窒素量および総ポリフェノール量を増やす。
(2)大豆、酵母エキス等の使用量を増減させることによって、総ポリフェノール量を維持しながら、炭酸飲料の全窒素量を増減させる。
(3)ハスクがある麦芽等の使用量を増やし大豆、酵母エキス等の使用量を減らすことによって、全窒素量を維持しながら、総ポリフェノール量を増やす。
(4)ハスクがある麦芽等の使用量を減らし大豆、酵母エキス等の使用量を増やすことによって、全窒素量を維持しながら、総ポリフェノール量を減らす。
2-メチル-2-ペンテン酸は、炭酸飲料にのどに刺激を与えるため、炭酸の含有量を過度に増やすことなく、適度なのどへの刺激を有する炭酸飲料を提供できる。特に、イソα酸の含有量が0.1質量ppm以下の炭酸飲料はホップ由来の特有な苦味を感じにくく、全窒素量と総ポリフェノール量が一定値以上含む炭酸飲料は麦芽の風味が際立ち易いため、2-メチル-2-ペンテン酸を一定量含有すると、適度なのどへの刺激を効果的に付与できる。そこで、本発明の炭酸飲料の2-メチル-2-ペンテン酸の含有量は5質量ppb以上が好ましく、10質量ppb以上がさらに好ましく、15質量ppb以上がさらに好ましく、20質量ppb以上がさらに好ましく、25質量ppb以上がさらに好ましく、30質量ppb以上さらに好ましく、35質量ppb以上がさらに好ましく、40質量ppb以上がさらに好ましく、45質量ppb以上がさらに好ましく、48質量ppb以上が特に好ましい。また、本発明の炭酸飲料の2-メチル-2-ペンテン酸の含有量を、80質量ppb以上、100質量ppb以上、200質量ppb以上、300質量ppb以上、または400質量ppb以上としてもよい。
他方、不適な渋みを抑制した炭酸飲料とする観点から、本発明の飲料の2-メチル-2-ペンテン酸の含有量は10400質量ppb以下が好ましく、10300質量ppb以下がさらに好ましく、10200質量ppb以下がさらに好ましく、10100質量ppb以下がさらに好ましい。
本発明の炭酸飲料の2-メチル-2-ペンテン酸の含有量を、80質量ppb以上、8000質量ppb以下、6000質量ppb以下、4000質量ppb以下、2000質量ppb以下、または1000質量ppb以下としてもよい。
本発明の炭酸飲料の2-メチル-2-ペンテン酸の含有量は、例えば、2-メチル-2-ペンテン酸の添加や、2-メチル-2-ペンテン酸の含有量の多い原材料の使用量を調整することによって制御できる。
なお、本発明の炭酸飲料は2-メチル-2-ペンテン酸以外の有機酸を含んでもよい。
本発明の炭酸飲料の乳酸の含有量は、好ましくは800質量ppm以下であるが、より好ましくは750質量ppm以下、更に好ましくは700質量ppm以下、より更に好ましくは650質量ppm以下、特に好ましくは600質量ppm以下であり、また、好ましくは10質量ppm以上、より好ましくは50質量ppm以上、更に好ましくは80質量ppm以上、より更に好ましくは90質量ppm以上、特に好ましくは100質量ppm以上である。乳酸の含有量は、150質量ppm以上、180質量ppm以上、200質量ppm以上、250質量ppm以上、300質量ppm以上、350質量ppm以上、400質量ppm以上、または、450質量ppm以上としてもよい。
なお、本発明の炭酸飲料の乳酸の含有量は、例えば、高速液体クロマトグラフィーによって測定することができる。
本発明の炭酸飲料のリン酸の含有量は、好ましくは500質量ppm以下であるが、より好ましくは450質量ppm以下、より好ましくは400質量ppm以下、更に好ましくは350質量ppm以下、更に好ましくは300質量ppm以下、より更に好ましくは250質量ppm以下、特に好ましくは200質量ppm以下であり、また、好ましくは5質量ppm以上、より好ましくは10質量ppm以上、より好ましくは30質量ppm以上、更に好ましくは50質量ppm以上、更に好ましくは70質量ppm以上、より更に好ましくは100質量ppm以上、特に好ましくは120質量ppm以上である。
なお、本発明の炭酸飲料のリン酸の含有量は、例えば、高速液体クロマトグラフィーによって測定することができる。
なお、本明細書において、エタノールの含有量は、体積/体積基準の百分率(v/v%)で示されるものとする。また、飲料のアルコール含有量は、公知のいずれの方法によっても測定することができるが、例えば、振動式密度計によって測定することができる。
pHの調整は、希釈水または炭酸水の添加、原材料(麦芽、コーングリッツ、糖液等)の種類、原材料の量、酵素の種類、酵素の添加量、酵素の添加のタイミング、仕込槽で糖化時間、仕込槽でのタンパク分解時間、仕込槽でのpH、仕込工程(麦芽投入から酵母添加前での麦汁製造工程)でのpH、pH調整の際に使用する酸の種類(乳酸、リン酸、リンゴ酸、酒石酸、クエン酸など)、pH調整の際に使用する酸の添加量、pH調整のタイミング(仕込時、発酵時、発酵完了時、ビール濾過前、ビール濾過後など)、麦汁を調製する際(糖化時含む)の各温度領域の設定温度及び保持時間、発酵前液のオリジナルエキス濃度、発酵工程でのオリジナルエキス濃度、発酵条件(酸素濃度、通気条件、酵母品種、酵母の添加量、酵母増殖数、酵母の除去タイミング、発酵温度、発酵時間、圧力設定、二酸化炭素濃度等)等を適宜設定して行うことができる。
仕込槽や発酵タンクなどのビール醸造設備を使用しない場合のpHの調整は、希釈水や炭酸水の添加、ミネラル類(ナトリウム塩、カリウム塩、カルシウム塩、マグネシウム塩など)の添加、ミネラル類が含まれる水の添加、酸味料の使用量や酸味料の種類、原材料の使用量や種類の選択の他に製造工程中の時間(原料の混合に伴う調合時間など)、製造工程中の温度、製造工程中のpH、製造工程中のオリジナルエキス濃度等を適宜設定して調整できる。
本発明に係る炭酸飲料のpHは、改訂BCOJビール分析法(公益財団法人日本醸造協会発行、ビール酒造組合国際技術委員会〔分析委員会〕編集2013年増補改訂の8.7pHに記載されている方法によって測定することができる。
本発明の炭酸飲料の原材料は、最終的に得られる炭酸飲料が2-メチル-2-ペンテン酸を300~10500質量ppb含有している限り、特に限定されない。
保存料の配合量は、好ましくは5~1200質量ppm、より好ましくは10~1100質量ppm、更に好ましくは15~1000質量ppm、より更に好ましくは20~900質量ppmである。
これらの糖類の形態は、溶液等の液体であってもよく、粉末等の固体であってもよい。
また、デンプンの原料穀物の種類、デンプンの精製方法、および酵素や酸による加水分解等の処理条件についても特に制限はない。例えば、酵素や酸による加水分解の条件を適宜設定することにより、マルトースの比率を高めた糖類を用いてもよい。その他、スクロース、フルクトース、グルコース、マルトース、トレハロース、マルトトリオースおよびこれらの溶液(糖液)等を用いることもできる。
また、人工甘味料としては、例えば、アスパルテーム、アセスルファムカリウム(アセスルファムK)、スクラロース、ネオテーム等が挙げられる。
苦味料または苦味付与剤としては、例えば、マンネンロウ、レイシ、姫茴香、杜松実、セージ、迷迭香、マンネンタケ、月桂樹、クワシン、柑橘抽出物、ニガキ抽出物、コーヒー抽出物、茶抽出物、ゴーヤ抽出物、ハス胚芽抽出物、キダチアロエ抽出物、マンネンロウ抽出物、レイシ抽出物、ローレル抽出物、セージ抽出物、キャラウェイ抽出物、ナリンギン、ニガヨモギおよびニガヨモギ抽出物等が挙げられる。
これらの香料は、単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
乳酸およびリン酸以外の酸味料としては、酸味を有する物質であれば特に限定されないが、例えば、酒石酸、クエン酸、グルコン酸、リンゴ酸、フィチン酸、酢酸、コハク酸、グルコノデルタラクトンまたはそれらの塩が挙げられる。
これらの酸味料の中でも、酒石酸、クエン酸、グルコン酸、リンゴ酸、フィチン酸、酢酸、コハク酸またはそれらの塩が好ましく、酒石酸、クエン酸、酢酸またはそれらの塩がより好ましい。
これらの酸味料は、単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
また、本発明の炭酸飲料の麦芽比率は、90質量%以下が好ましく、80質量%以下であることがさらに好ましく、75質量%以下であることがさらに好ましい。また、本発明の炭酸飲料の麦芽比率は、65質量%以下、60質量%以下、55質量%以下、50質量%以下でもよい。
本明細書において、麦芽比率とは平成30年4月1日が施工日の酒税法および酒類行政関係法令等解釈通達に従って計算された値を意味する。
本発明の一態様の容器詰め炭酸飲料に含まれる炭酸ガスは、原材料に含まれる炭酸ガスを利用してもよく、また、炭酸水との混和または炭酸ガスの添加等で溶解させてもよい。
なお、本明細書において、炭酸ガス濃度は、対象となる飲料が入った容器を時々振りながら20℃の水槽に30分間以上浸して、当該飲料が20℃になるよう調整した後に、ガスボリューム測定装置(例えば、GVA-500(京都電子工業株式会社製)等)を用いて測定することができる。
本発明の容器詰め炭酸飲料は2-メチル-2-ペンテン酸を含有するため、炭酸ガスのガス圧(含有量)を通常よりも高くしなくても、のどに刺激を与える飲料を提供できる
本明細書において、ガス圧とは、特別な場合を除き、容器内におけるガス圧をいう。
圧力の測定は、当業者によく知られた方法、例えば20℃にした試料をガス内圧計に固定した後、一度ガス内圧計の活栓を開いてガスを抜き、再び活栓を閉じ、ガス内圧計を振り動かして指針が一定の位置に達したときの値を読み取る方法を用いて、または市販のガス圧測定装置を用いて測定することができる。
本発明の一態様の容器詰め炭酸飲料は、本発明の効果を妨げない範囲で、必要に応じて、様々な添加物を添加してもよい。
そのような添加物としては、例えば、着色料、泡形成剤、発酵促進剤、酵母エキス、ペプチド含有物等のタンパク質系物質、アミノ酸等の調味料が挙げられる。
着色料は、飲料にビール様の色を与えるために使用するものであり、カラメル色素などを用いることができる。泡形成剤は、飲料にビール様の泡を形成させるため、あるいは飲料の泡を保持させるために使用するものであり、大豆サポニン、キラヤサポニン等の植物抽出サポニン系物質、コーン、大豆などの植物タンパク、およびコラーゲンペプチド等のペプチド含有物、酵母エキスなどを適宜使用することができる。
発酵促進剤は、酵母による発酵を促進させるために使用するものであり、例えば、酵母エキス、米や麦などの糠成分、ビタミン、ミネラル剤などを単独または組み合わせて使用することができる。
本発明の一態様の容器詰め炭酸飲料にはいずれの形態・材質の容器を用いてもよい。本発明の一態様の容器詰め炭酸飲料が詰められる容器の例としては、ビン、ペットボトル、缶、または樽が挙げられるが、特に持ち運びが容易であるとの観点から、缶、ビン、ペットボトルが好ましい。
なお、容器に無色透明のビンやペットボトルを使用する場合、通常の缶や有色のビンでの場合と異なり、太陽光や蛍光灯の光にさらされることになる。しかしながら、本発明の一態様の容器詰め炭酸飲料は、ホップに由来する成分を実質的に含有していないため、日光の照射に起因した日光臭の発生が抑制される。そのため、本発明の一態様の容器詰め炭酸飲料は、このような無色透明のビンやペットボトルに充填することもできる。
本発明の容器詰め炭酸飲料の製造方法としては、特に制限はなく、例えば、下記工程(1)~(3)を有する方法が挙げられる。
・工程(1):各種原材料を用いて、糖化処理、煮沸処理、および固形分除去処理のうち少なくとも1つの処理を行い、飲料前液を得る工程。
・工程(2):前記飲料前液に、炭酸ガスを加える工程。
・工程(3):2-メチル-2-ペンテン酸の含有量を調整する工程。
以下、上記の各工程について説明する。
工程(1)は、各種原材料を用いて、糖化処理、煮沸処理、および固形分除去処理のうち少なくとも1つの処理を行い、飲料前液を得る工程である。
例えば、各種原材料として、麦芽を用いる場合には、水および麦芽を含む各種原材料を仕込釜又は仕込槽に投入し、必要に応じてアミラーゼ等の酵素を添加する。麦芽以外の各種原材料としては、食物繊維、甘味料、酸化防止剤、苦味付与剤、香料、酸味料、色素等を加えてもよい。
各種原材料の混合物は、加温し、原材料の澱粉質を糖化させて糖化処理を行う。糖化処理の温度および時間は、使用する麦芽の種類や、麦芽比率、水および麦芽以外の原材料等によって適宜調整する。糖化処理後に、濾過を行い、糖化液が得られる。
この煮沸処理を行う際に、原材料として苦味料等を用いる場合には、これらを加えることが好ましい。苦味料等は、糖化液の煮沸開始から煮沸終了前の間で加えてもよい。
その後、清澄タンクにて凝固タンパク等の固形分を取り除くための固形分除去処理を行うことが好ましい。このようにして、飲料前液が得られる。
なお、上記の糖化液の代わりに、麦芽エキスに温水を加えたものに、苦味料等を加えて煮沸処理を行い、飲料前液を調製してもよい。
ホップを用いる場合には、煮沸処理前に加えてもよく、液糖溶液の煮沸開始から煮沸終了前の間で加えてもよい。
一方で、本発明の一態様の製造方法において、上記の発酵工程およびアルコールを除去する工程を行わない方法であってもよい。
工程(2)は、前記飲料前液に、炭酸ガスを加える工程である。
炭酸ガスを加える方法について、炭酸飲料を製造する際に適用される公知の方法を用いることができる。公知の方法を用いて、炭酸ガス圧が上述の範囲となるように調整されることが好ましい。
工程(3)は、2-メチル-2-ペンテン酸の含有量を調整する工程である。
工程(3)は、工程(1)の糖化処理の前後、煮沸処理の前後、および固形分除去処理の前後のいずれに行ってもよく、また、工程(1)終了後の工程(2)の前後で行ってもよい。ただし、最終的に製造される飲料中の含有量を正確に調整する観点から、工程(1)終了後であって、工程(2)開始前に行うことが好ましい。
飲料の容器詰め方法としては、特に限定されず、当業者に周知の容器詰め方法を用いることができる。容器詰め工程によって、本発明の炭酸飲料は容器に充填・密閉される。容器詰め工程には、いずれの形態・材質の容器を用いてもよく、容器の例としては、「1.4 容器詰飲料」に記載の容器が挙げられる。
水、ホップおよび麦芽を原料として用い、糖化処理を経て得られた麦汁に、酵母を用いた発酵工程を行わずに、表1に記載の含有量となるように、2-メチル-2-ペンテン酸、乳酸、リン酸、および炭酸ガスを添加した。
このようにして得られたビールテイスト飲料における、乳酸、リン酸、炭酸ガスおよび2-メチル-2-ペンテン酸の含有量は表1に記載のとおりであった。また、これらの飲料のエタノールの含有量は0.00(v/v)%であった。
ビールテイスト飲料における「炭酸飲料らしいのどへの刺激」および「炭酸飲料として不適な後味の渋み」の評価
得られたビールテイスト飲料の評価は、同一の4人のパネラーが、各飲料の試飲をし、以下のように行った。
評価に際しては、「炭酸飲料らしいのどへの刺激」が下記基準「1」「2」および「3」に該当するサンプル、「炭酸飲料として不適な後味の渋み」が下記基準「1」「2」および「3」に該当するサンプルを予め用意し、各パネラー間での基準の統一を図った。また、表1のいずれの官能評価においても、同じ飲料に対して、各パネラー間での2.0以上のスコアの値の差異は確認されなかった。
・「3」:非常に良い。
・「2」:良い。
・「1」:悪い。
そして、4人のパネラーの平均値を基に、以下の基準で評価をし、2.0以上を合格とした。
・「3」:感じない。
・「2」:ほとんど感じない。
・「1」:感じる。
そして、4人のパネラーの平均値を基に、以下の基準で評価をし、2.0以上を合格とした。
「炭酸飲料らしいのどへの刺激」が2.0以上、かつ、「炭酸飲料として不適な渋み」が2.5以上の飲料を「A」とした。
また、「炭酸飲料らしいのどへの刺激」が2.0未満、または、「炭酸飲料として不適な渋味が2.5未満の飲料を「B」とした。
エタノールの含有量が1.0(v/v)%未満、炭酸ガスの含有量が0.10~5.0kg/cm2の炭酸飲料であっても、2-メチル-2-ペンテン酸の含有量が多すぎると、炭酸飲料らしいのどへの刺激が悪化し、炭酸飲料として不適な渋味を感じやすくなってしまい、また、2-メチル-2-ペンテン酸の含有量が少ないと、炭酸飲料として不適な渋味は抑えられるが、炭酸飲料らしいのどへの刺激が悪化する傾向があった。
Claims (6)
- エタノールの含有量が1.0(v/v)%未満、炭酸ガス含有量が0.10~5.0kg/cm2、および、2-メチル-2-ペンテン酸の含有量が30~10500質量ppbである容器詰め炭酸飲料。
- 乳酸を800質量ppm以下で含む、請求項1に記載の容器詰め炭酸飲料。
- リン酸を含有量が500質量ppmで含む、請求項1または2に記載の容器詰め炭酸飲料。
- pHが2.5~4.5である、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の容器詰め炭酸飲料。
- 前記炭酸飲料がビールテイスト飲料である、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の容器詰め炭酸飲料。
- 前記炭酸飲料がノンアルコールビールテイスト飲料である、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の容器詰め炭酸飲料。
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CN202180069826.1A CN116368211A (zh) | 2020-10-15 | 2021-10-15 | 容器装碳酸饮料 |
EP21880213.0A EP4230715A1 (en) | 2020-10-15 | 2021-10-15 | Container-packed carbonated beverage |
KR1020237011021A KR20230084487A (ko) | 2020-10-15 | 2021-10-15 | 용기 포장 탄산 음료 |
AU2021361437A AU2021361437A1 (en) | 2020-10-15 | 2021-10-15 | Container-packed carbonated beverage |
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WO2014147886A1 (ja) * | 2013-03-22 | 2014-09-25 | アサヒグループホールディングス株式会社 | 炭酸飲料の炭酸刺激の増強方法および炭酸飲料 |
JP2017006077A (ja) | 2015-06-24 | 2017-01-12 | キリン株式会社 | ビールらしい苦味や後キレを有するビールテイスト飲料 |
JP2020141625A (ja) * | 2019-03-07 | 2020-09-10 | サントリーホールディングス株式会社 | 炭酸飲料 |
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WO2014147886A1 (ja) * | 2013-03-22 | 2014-09-25 | アサヒグループホールディングス株式会社 | 炭酸飲料の炭酸刺激の増強方法および炭酸飲料 |
JP2017006077A (ja) | 2015-06-24 | 2017-01-12 | キリン株式会社 | ビールらしい苦味や後キレを有するビールテイスト飲料 |
JP2020141625A (ja) * | 2019-03-07 | 2020-09-10 | サントリーホールディングス株式会社 | 炭酸飲料 |
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COELHO, E. ET AL.: "Volatile fingerprinting differentiates diverse-aged craft beers", LWT-FOOD SCI. TECHNOL., vol. 108, no. 39, 2019, pages 129 - 136, XP085667837, DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.03.044 * |
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