WO2022078089A1 - 一种高合金大径管道焊接方法及其充氩保护装置 - Google Patents

一种高合金大径管道焊接方法及其充氩保护装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022078089A1
WO2022078089A1 PCT/CN2021/115492 CN2021115492W WO2022078089A1 WO 2022078089 A1 WO2022078089 A1 WO 2022078089A1 CN 2021115492 W CN2021115492 W CN 2021115492W WO 2022078089 A1 WO2022078089 A1 WO 2022078089A1
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Prior art keywords
welding
side edge
argon
alloy large
pipeline
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PCT/CN2021/115492
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English (en)
French (fr)
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杜传国
井立太
王能淼
禹长春
庞继勇
王登第
刘子豪
王金顺
聂瑞东
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中国电建集团山东电力建设第一工程有限公司
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Publication of WO2022078089A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022078089A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/02Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts
    • B23K9/028Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts for curved planar seams
    • B23K9/0282Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts for curved planar seams for welding tube sections
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/32Accessories
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/32Accessories
    • B23K9/321Protecting means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of high-alloy large-diameter pipeline welding, in particular to a high-alloy large-diameter pipeline welding method and an argon filling protection device.
  • the conventional welding method is to fill the pipeline with argon gas, or use water-soluble paper or cardboard shell to paste and fix it in the pipeline to make a closed air chamber of about 20cm filled with argon gas, and keep the flow rate of argon gas to ensure The purity of the argon gas is until the bottom layer welding is completed.
  • the present invention provides a high-alloy large-diameter pipeline welding method and an argon filling protection device, which can effectively solve the need to make a special gas chamber for argon-filling welding on the back of large-diameter pipeline GTAW, and need to continuously supply argon gas , the valve is easy to block during the operation of the unit, and it is not conducive to saving construction costs, energy conservation and environmental protection, and low construction efficiency.
  • the technical means adopted by the present invention are as follows.
  • the present invention discloses an argon filling protection device for welding high-alloy large-diameter pipelines, comprising: a V-shaped air chamber, an electromagnet and a power cord; wherein, the V-shaped air chamber is an arc-shaped structure matching the pipeline as a whole, And the two ends of the V-shaped air chamber are not connected.
  • the cross-sectional structure of the V-shaped air chamber includes a V-shaped portion, a first side edge, a second side edge and a shaping strip, and the first side edge and the second side edge are respectively connected to the left and right sides of the upper edge of the V-shaped portion, And both the first side edge and the second side edge are perpendicular to the vertical central axis of the V-shaped portion.
  • the shaping strip is a circular arc structure with the same radian as the first side edge and the second side edge, and is fixed on the lower surface of the side edge.
  • a plurality of the electromagnets are uniformly fixed on the lower surfaces of the first side edge and the second side edge, and the power cord is connected to each electromagnet.
  • V-shaped portion, the first side edge and the second side edge are all made of refractory graphite felt, which has good high temperature resistance and is easy to adapt to the high temperature environment brought by welding.
  • the shaping strip is a steel strip, which is fixed on the lower surface of the side edge by means of screwing or riveting.
  • the non-rigid refractory graphite felt is formed into a circular arc structure by the steel belt, so as to match the circular cross-sectional shape of the pipe.
  • each of the steel strips is composed of two semicircular steel strips, and is connected by elastic steel strips 9 at the connection of the two semicircular steel strips, so as to better ensure the air chamber. radians and deviations.
  • the electromagnet is fixed in the opening on the shaping strip to ensure the firmness of the electromagnet.
  • the side edge of the electromagnet is thinned to ensure the suction force of the electromagnet.
  • the total width of the V-shaped air chamber is 110-150 mm, wherein the width of the first side edge and the second side edge are both 30-45 mm, and the depth/height of the V-shaped portion is 15-20 mm.
  • it also includes a main power line, and the power line connected to each electromagnet is connected to the main power line.
  • V-shaped air chamber also includes a pulling rope parallel to the power line connected to the V-shaped air chamber, preferably a thin steel wire rope, so that the V-shaped air chamber can be pulled out from the power line side of the pipeline after welding.
  • the present invention discloses a welding method for high-alloy large-diameter pipeline, comprising the following steps:
  • step (2) the forward gas supply time of the welding torch is not less than 60s.
  • step (2) the dwell time of the welding torch at the groove is 20s-30s.
  • the set included angle is between 60° and 70°, which is conducive to argon gas blowing on the welded seam to form protection and avoid oxidation on the back of the welded seam.
  • step (2) tape can be used to seal the groove from the outer surface of the pipe before welding, and only an area of 100mm-200mm length is left along the welding direction, and a small amount of tape is removed during the welding process. Completed, which not only ensures the air tightness of the gas chamber, but also ensures the purity of the argon protection on the back of the weld.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an argon-filling protection device for welding high-alloy large-diameter pipelines in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of a side edge in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an argon-filling protection device for welding high-alloy large-diameter pipelines in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the marks in the above drawings respectively represent: 1-V-shaped air chamber, 1.1-V-shaped part, 1.2-first side edge, 1.3-second side edge, 1.4-setting strip; 2-electromagnet; 3-power cord; 4- main power cord; 5- pipe; 6- groove; 7- welding torch; 8- welding wire; 9- elastic steel belt.
  • Terminology explanation part the terms "installation”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed” and other terms in the present invention should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated; It can be a mechanical connection, it can also be an electrical connection, it can be a direct connection, it can also be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, it can be an internal connection between two elements, or an interaction relationship between two elements, for those of ordinary skill in the art. , the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.
  • an example of a high-alloy large-diameter pipeline welding argon filling protection device includes: a V-shaped gas chamber 1, an electromagnet 2, a power line 3 and a main power line 4; wherein:
  • the whole is an arc-shaped structure that matches the pipeline, and the two ends of the V-shaped air chamber 1 are not connected.
  • the cross-sectional structure of the V-shaped air chamber 1 includes: V-shaped air chamber 1 1.1, the first side edge 1.2, the second side edge 1.3 and the shaping strip 1.4, the first side edge 1.2 and the second side edge 1.3 are respectively connected to the left and right sides of the upper edge of the V-shaped part 1.1, and the first Both the side edge 1.2 and the second side edge 1.3 are perpendicular to the vertical central axis of the V-shaped portion 1.1.
  • the V-shaped portion 1.1, the first side edge 1.2, and the second side edge 1.3 are all made of refractory graphite felt, which has good high temperature resistance and is easy to adapt to the high temperature environment brought about by welding.
  • the shaping strip 1.4 is a circular arc structure with the same radian as the first side edge 1.2 and the second side edge 1.3, and is fixed on the lower surface of the side edge.
  • the main function of the electromagnet 2 is to tightly fix the V-shaped air chamber 1 on the inner wall of the pipeline to ensure the tightness of the air chamber.
  • a plurality of the electromagnets 2 are evenly fixed on the lower surfaces of the first side edge 1.2 and the second side edge 1.3, and each electromagnet 2 is connected with the power cord 3, and each electromagnet 2 is connected to the power cord 3.
  • the connected power lines 3 are all connected to the main power line 4 .
  • the shaping strips 1.4 are steel strips, and the steel strips are two, respectively fixed on the lower surfaces of the first side edge 1.2 and the second side edge 1.3, and each strip is
  • the steel strips are all composed of two semicircular steel strips, and are connected by a 0.2mm thick elastic steel strip 9 at the connection of the two semicircular steel strips, so as to better ensure the radian and deviation of the air chamber.
  • the non-rigid refractory graphite felt is formed into a circular arc structure through the steel strip, so as to match the circular cross-sectional shape of the pipeline.
  • the electromagnet 2 is fixed on the opening of the shaping bar 1.4 to ensure the firmness of the electromagnet 2 .
  • the side edge of the electromagnet 2 is thinned to ensure the suction force of the electromagnet 2 .
  • the protection device of the above embodiment is used to weld high-alloy large-diameter pipes, wherein the total width of the V-shaped air chamber 1 is 120 mm, wherein the first side edge 1.2, The width of the second side edge 1.3 is both 40mm, and the depth/height of the V-shaped portion 1.1 is 15mm.
  • the welding process includes the following steps:
  • tape Before welding, tape can be used to seal the groove 6 from the outer surface of the pipe, leaving only an area of 100mm-200mm in length along the welding direction. During the welding process, remove a small amount of tape and immediately weld until it is all completed, which not only guarantees The air tightness of the gas chamber ensures the purity of the argon protection on the back of the weld.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)

Abstract

一种高合金大径管道焊接方法及其充氩保护装置,装置包括:V型气室(1)、电磁铁(2)和电源线(3);V型气室(1)整体为与管道(5)匹配的圆弧形结构,且V型气室(1)的两端不连接;V型气室(1)的截面结构包括V型部(1.1)、第一侧缘(1.2)、第二侧缘(1.3)和定型条(1.4),第一侧缘(1.2)和第二侧缘(1.3)分别连接在V型部(1.1)的上边缘的左右两侧,且第一侧缘(1.2)和第二侧缘(1.3)均与V型部(1.1)的竖向中轴线垂直;定型条(1.4)为与第一侧缘(1.2)、第二侧缘(1.3)弧度相同的圆弧形结构,其固定在侧缘的下表面上;若干个电磁铁(2)均匀固定在第一侧缘(1.2)和第二侧缘(1.3)的下表面处,且每个电磁铁(2)上均连接有电源线(3)。

Description

一种高合金大径管道焊接方法及其充氩保护装置 技术领域
本发明涉及高合金大径管道焊接技术领域,尤其涉及一种高合金大径管道焊接方法及其充氩保护装置。
背景技术
本发明背景技术中公开的信息仅仅旨在增加对本发明的总体背景的理解,而不必然被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已经成为本领域一般技术人员所公知的现有技术。
在某些合金含量高的管道焊接过程中,需要采取背面充氩的方法才能保证焊缝背面的焊接不被氧化从而保证焊接质量。常规的焊接方法是需要将管道内全部充满氩气,或者是在管道内使用水溶纸或硬纸壳粘贴固定制作一个20cm左右的密闭气室充满氩气,还要持续保持氩气的流速以保证氩气的纯度直至打底层焊接完毕。
技术问题
现有的这类方法存在的问题是:(1)该方法操作复杂,费时费力。(2)该方法不能保证气室的严密性,有漏气的风险。(3)该方法对氩气的浪费非常严重。(4)该方法制作的气室不能回收,在机组试运期间容易造成阀门堵塞,需要机组停炉检修,耗费人力物力极大。
技术解决方案
针对上述存在的不足,本发明提供一种高合金大径管道焊接方法及其充氩保护装置,该装置能够有效解决大径管道GTAW背面充氩焊接需要制作专用气室,并需要持续提供氩气,在机组运行期间容易堵塞阀门的问题,以及不利于节约施工成本、节能环保以及施工效率低的问题。为实现上述发明目的,本发明采用的技术手段如下所述。
首先,本发明公开一种高合金大径管道焊接充氩保护装置,包括:V型气室、电磁铁和电源线;其中,所述V型气室整体为与管道匹配的圆弧形结构,且V型气室的两端不连接。V型气室的截面结构包括V型部、第一侧缘、第二侧缘和定型条,所述第一侧缘和第二侧缘分别连接在V型部的上边缘的左右两侧,且第一侧缘和第二侧缘均与V型部的竖向中轴线垂直。所述定型条为与第一侧缘、第二侧缘弧度相同的圆弧形结构,其固定在所述侧缘的下表面上。若干个所述电磁铁均匀固定在所述第一侧缘和第二侧缘的下表面处,且每个电磁铁上均连接有所述电源线。
进一步地,所述V型部、第一侧缘、第二侧缘均由耐火石墨毡制成,其具有良好的耐高温性能,便于适应焊接带来的高温环境。
进一步地,所述定型条为钢带,其通过螺接或铆接的方式固定在所述侧缘的下表面。优选地,所述钢带为两条,分别固定在第一侧缘、第二侧缘的下表面上。通过钢带使没有刚性的耐火石墨毡形成圆弧形结构,以便于与管道的圆形截面形状匹配。
可选地,每条所述钢带均由两个半圆形钢带组成,且在两个半圆形钢带的连接处通过弹性钢带9进行连接,以便于更好地保证气室的弧度和偏差。
进一步地,所述电磁铁固定在定型条上的开孔中,保证电磁铁的牢固性。
进一步地,所述电磁铁处的侧缘进行减薄处理,以保证电磁铁的吸力。
进一步地,所述V型气室的总宽度为110-150mm,其中,第一侧缘、第二侧缘的宽度均为30-45mm,V型部的深度/高度为15-20mm。
进一步地,还包括总电源线,每个电磁铁上连接的电源线均与所述总电源线连接。
进一步地,还包括连接在V型气室上的与电源线并行的牵拉绳,优选为细钢丝绳,以便于焊接完毕后从管道的电源线侧拉出V型气室。
其次,本发明公开一种高合金大径管道焊接方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将上述的保护装置放入管道中,且使V型部位于管道的坡口下方,第一侧缘和第二侧缘分别位于管道的坡口的两侧,从而使V型气室罩在管道的焊接处;再给电磁铁通电使其紧密吸附在管道内壁上,检测V型气室的气密性,无问题后断开电磁铁的电源,将V型气室的两端对接并留下空隙后,再次给电磁铁通电使其紧密吸附在管道内壁上,完成气室的闭合。
(2)采用氩弧焊打底,焊接时将焊枪放在坡口处停留,以便于对坡口充氩以达到焊接前焊缝背面气室的氩气流量以及纯度要求。
(3)开始焊接时,将焊丝放在坡口的间隙处,且焊枪与焊接行走的方向呈设定的夹角,直至焊接完毕。
进一步地,步骤(2)中,所述焊枪的前送气时间不少于60s。
进一步地,步骤(2)中,所述焊枪在坡口处停留时间为20s-30s。
进一步地,步骤(2)中,所述设定的夹角在60°至70°之间,这样有利于氩气向焊接完毕的焊缝上吹气形成保护,避免焊缝背面的氧化。
进一步地,步骤(2)中,焊接前可用胶带从管道外表面将坡口密封,只沿着焊接方向留下100mm-200mm长度的区域即可,焊接过程中取掉少量胶带后立即焊接直至全部完成,这样既保证的气室的气密性,又保证了焊缝背面的氩气保护纯度。
有益效果
(1)对高合金大径管道的连接处采用氩弧焊打底时,由于V型气室较小且密闭,不仅有助于防止氩气的流失,还可以利用焊枪中氩气流的反吹作用保护焊缝背面的熔池,因此,即使直接焊接也不会造成打底层焊缝背面氧化发渣的发生,保证了焊接质量节约了氩气用量提高了施工效率。
(2)采用本发明的保护装置时,焊接完毕后只需断掉电磁铁的电源,然后从管道的电源线侧拉出V型气室即可,由于管道内壁光滑不会在气室拉出时形成阻碍,解决了现有方法制作的气室不能回收,在机组试运期间容易造成阀门堵塞,需要机组停炉检修,耗费人力物力极大的问题。
附图说明
构成本发明的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的不当限定。
图1为本发明实施例中高合金大径管道焊接充氩保护装置的截面图。
图2为本发明实施例中侧缘的俯视图。
图3为本发明实施例中高合金大径管道焊接充氩保护装置的结构示意图。
上述附图中标记分别代表:1-V型气室、1.1-V型部、1.2-第一侧缘、1.3-第二侧缘、1.4-定型条;2-电磁铁;3-电源线;4-总电源线;5-管道;6-坡口;7-焊枪;8-焊丝;9-弹性钢带。
本发明的最佳实施方式
应该指出,以下详细说明都是例示性的,旨在对本发明提供进一步的说明。除非另有指明,本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是,这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式,而非意图限制根据本发明的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的,除非上下文另外明确指出,否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式,此外,还应当理解的是,当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时,其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合。
为了方便叙述,本发明中如果出现“上”、“下”、“左”“右”字样,仅表示与附图本身的上、下、左、右方向一致,并不对结构起限定作用,仅仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述,而不是指示或暗示所指的设备或元件需要具有特定的方位,以特定的方位构造和操作,因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
术语解释部分:本发明中的术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固定”等术语应做广义理解,例如,可以是固定连接,也可以是可拆卸连接,或为一体;可以是机械连接,也可以是电连接,可以是直接连接,也可以是通过中间媒介间接相连,可以是两个元件内部连接,或者两个元件的相互作用关系,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明的具体含义。
参考图1-3,示例一种高合金大径管道焊接充氩保护装置,包括:V型气室1、电磁铁2、电源线3和总电源线4;其中:
对于所述V型气室1,其整体为与管道匹配的圆弧形结构,且V型气室1的两端不连接,具体地,所述V型气室1的截面结构包括:V型部1.1、第一侧缘1.2、第二侧缘1.3和定型条1.4,所述第一侧缘1.2和第二侧缘1.3分别连接在V型部1.1的上边缘的左右两侧,且第一侧缘1.2和第二侧缘1.3均与V型部1.1的竖向中轴线垂直。
所述V型部1.1、第一侧缘1.2、第二侧缘1.3均由耐火石墨毡制成,其具有良好的耐高温性能,便于适应焊接带来的高温环境。所述定型条1.4为与第一侧缘1.2、第二侧缘1.3弧度相同的圆弧形结构,其固定在所述侧缘的下表面上。
对于所述电磁铁2,其主要作用是将述V型气室1紧密固定在管道内壁上,保证气室的严密性。若干个所述电磁铁2均匀固定在所述第一侧缘1.2和第二侧缘1.3的下表面处,且每个电磁铁2上均连接有所述电源线3,每个电磁铁2上连接的电源线3均与所述总电源线4连接。
进一步地,在另一些实施例中,所述定型条1.4为钢带,且所述钢带为两条,分别固定在第一侧缘1.2、第二侧缘1.3的下表面上,每条所述钢带均由两个半圆形钢带组成,且在两个半圆形钢带的连接处通过0.2mm厚的弹性钢带9进行连接,以便于更好地保证气室的弧度和偏差,通过钢带使没有刚性的耐火石墨毡形成圆弧形结构,以便于与管道的圆形截面形状匹配。
进一步地,在另一实施例中,所述电磁铁2固定在定型条1.4的开孔上,以保证电磁铁2的牢固性。
进一步地,在另一实施例中,所述电磁铁2处的侧缘进行减薄处理,以保证电磁铁2的吸力。
进一步地,在另一实施例中,采用上述实施例示例的保护装置进行高合金大径管道的焊接,其中,所述V型气室1的总宽度为120mm,其中,第一侧缘1.2、第二侧缘1.3的宽度均为40mm,V型部1.1的深度/高度为15mm,具体地,焊接过程包括如下步骤:
(1)将需要焊接的两段管道5的坡口6对接并固定好管道,防止焊接过程中管道移动错位等;然后将上述的保护装置放入管道中,且使V型部1.1位于管道的坡口下方,第一侧缘1.2和第二侧缘1.3分别位于管道5的坡口6的两侧,从而使V型气室1罩在管道的焊接处;再给电磁铁2通电使其紧密吸附在管道内壁上,检测V型气室1的气密性,无问题后断开电磁铁2的电源,将V型气室1的两端对接并留下空隙后,再次给电磁铁2通电使其紧密吸附在管道内壁上,完成气室的闭合。
(2)焊接前可用胶带从管道外表面将坡口6密封,只沿着焊接方向留下100mm-200mm长度的区域即可,焊接过程中取掉少量胶带后立即焊接直至全部完成,这样既保证的气室的气密性,又保证了焊缝背面的氩气保护纯度。
(3)采用氩弧焊打底,将焊枪7的前送气时间设置为60s,焊接时将焊枪7放在坡口6处停留30s,以便于对坡口充氩以达到焊接前焊缝背面气室的氩气流量以及纯度要求。
(4)开始焊接时,将焊丝8放在坡口6的间隙处,这样做的目的是能阻挡部分焊接电弧对V型气室的损伤及破坏,且焊枪与焊接行走的方向之间的夹角保持在60°至70°之间,这样有利于氩气向焊接完毕的焊缝上吹气形成保护,避免焊缝背面的氧化,直至焊接完毕。
氩弧焊打底时,由于V型气室较小且密闭,不利于氩气的流失,可以利用焊枪中氩气流的反吹作用保护焊缝背面的熔池,直接焊接不会造成打底层焊缝背面氧化发渣的发生,保证了焊接质量节约了氩气用量提高了施工效率,而焊接完毕后只需断掉电磁铁的电源,通过钢丝绳将V型气室从管道的电源线侧拉出即可,由于管道内壁光滑不会在专用气室拉出时形成阻碍,避免了现有方法制作的气室不能回收,在机组试运期间容易造成阀门堵塞,需要机组停炉检修,耗费人力物力极大的问题。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (16)

  1. 一种高合金大径管道焊接充氩保护装置,其特征在于,包括:
    V型气室,其整体为与管道匹配的圆弧形结构,且V型气室的两端不连接;
    所述V型气室的截面结构包括:V型部、第一侧缘、第二侧缘和定型条,其中:所述第一侧缘和第二侧缘分别连接在V型部的上边缘的左右两侧,且第一侧缘和第二侧缘均与V型部的竖向中轴线垂直;所述定型条为与第一侧缘、第二侧缘弧度相同的圆弧形结构,其固定在所述侧缘的下表面上;
    电磁铁,若干个电磁铁均匀固定在所述第一侧缘和第二侧缘的下表面处;
    电源线,每个所述电磁铁上均连接有所述电源线。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的高合金大径管道焊接充氩保护装置,其特征在于,所述V型部、第一侧缘、第二侧缘均由耐火石墨毡制成。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的高合金大径管道焊接充氩保护装置,其特征在于,所述定型条为钢带,其通过螺接或铆接的方式固定在所述侧缘的下表面。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的高合金大径管道焊接充氩保护装置,其特征在于,所述钢带为两条,分别固定在第一侧缘、第二侧缘的下表面上。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的高合金大径管道焊接充氩保护装置,其特征在于,每条所述钢带均由两个半圆形钢带组成,且在两个半圆形钢带的连接处通过弹性钢带进行连接。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的高合金大径管道焊接充氩保护装置,其特征在于,所述电磁铁固定在定型条上的开孔中。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的高合金大径管道焊接充氩保护装置,其特征在于,所述电磁铁处的侧缘进行减薄处理。
  8. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的高合金大径管道焊接充氩保护装置,其特征在于,所述V型气室的总宽度为110-150mm,其中,第一侧缘、第二侧缘的宽度均为30-45mm,V型部的深度/高度为15-20mm。
  9. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的高合金大径管道焊接充氩保护装置,其特征在于,还包括总电源线,每个电磁铁上连接的电源线均与所述总电源线连接。
  10. 根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的高合金大径管道焊接充氩保护装置,其特征在于,还包括连接在V型气室上的与电源线并行的牵拉绳。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的高合金大径管道焊接充氩保护装置,其特征在于,所述牵拉绳为细钢丝绳。
  12. 一种高合金大径管道焊接方法,其特征在于,采用权利要求1-7任一项所述的高合金大径管道焊接充氩保护装置执行,包括如下步骤:
    (1)将上述的保护装置放入管道中,且使V型部位于管道的坡口下方,第一侧缘和第二侧缘分别位于管道的坡口的两侧,从而使V型气室罩在管道的焊接处;再给电磁铁通电使其紧密吸附在管道内壁上,检测V型气室的气密性,无问题后断开电磁铁的电源,将V型气室的两端对接并留下空隙后,再次给电磁铁通电使其紧密吸附在管道内壁上,完成气室的闭合;
    (2)采用氩弧焊打底,焊接时将焊枪放在坡口处停留;
    (3)开始焊接时,将焊丝放在坡口的间隙处,且焊枪与焊接行走的方向呈设定的夹角,直至焊接完毕。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的高合金大径管道焊接方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述焊枪的前送气时间不少于60s。
  14. 根据权利要求12所述的高合金大径管道焊接方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述焊枪在坡口处停留时间为20s-30s。
  15. 根据权利要求12所述的高合金大径管道焊接方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述设定的夹角在60°至70°之间。
  16. 根据权利要求12-15任一项所述的高合金大径管道焊接方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,焊接前,用胶带从管道外表面将坡口密封,只沿着焊接方向留下100mm-200mm长度的区域即可,焊接过程中取掉部分胶带后立即焊接直至全部完。
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