WO2022070258A1 - 半導体検査装置および半導体試料の検査方法 - Google Patents
半導体検査装置および半導体試料の検査方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022070258A1 WO2022070258A1 PCT/JP2020/036927 JP2020036927W WO2022070258A1 WO 2022070258 A1 WO2022070258 A1 WO 2022070258A1 JP 2020036927 W JP2020036927 W JP 2020036927W WO 2022070258 A1 WO2022070258 A1 WO 2022070258A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/26—Testing of individual semiconductor devices
- G01R31/265—Contactless testing
- G01R31/2653—Contactless testing using electron beams
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/28—Testing of electronic circuits, e.g. by signal tracer
- G01R31/302—Contactless testing
- G01R31/305—Contactless testing using electron beams
- G01R31/307—Contactless testing using electron beams of integrated circuits
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/28—Testing of electronic circuits, e.g. by signal tracer
- G01R31/2851—Testing of integrated circuits [IC]
- G01R31/2855—Environmental, reliability or burn-in testing
- G01R31/286—External aspects, e.g. related to chambers, contacting devices or handlers
- G01R31/2868—Complete testing stations; systems; procedures; software aspects
Definitions
- This disclosure relates to a semiconductor inspection device and a method for inspecting a semiconductor sample using the semiconductor inspection device.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a pattern evaluation method and a pattern evaluation system that can detect dimensional fluctuations of an abnormal pattern on the entire surface of a wafer.
- the entire surface of the wafer is first scanned by an optical inspection device, and the coordinates on the wafer having an abnormality in the pattern dimension are specified by the detection light whose light amount correlates with the pattern.
- the wafer is transferred to a length measuring SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), and the pattern dimensions are measured by the length measuring SEM for the pattern on the wafer whose coordinates are specified by the optical inspection.
- SEM Scanning Electron Microscope
- the abnormality detected by the optical inspection device is an abnormality in the pattern size.
- device defects include not only those caused by defective pattern dimensions, but also those caused by the electrical characteristics of the device or the materials constituting the device.
- anomalies caused by electrical characteristics of devices and materials are subjected to high-speed optical inspection (first measurement mode), and measurement is performed on a region where anomalies are detected using an electron beam (second measurement mode). Measurement mode) is possible for semiconductor inspection equipment.
- the semiconductor inspection device is a semiconductor inspection device having first and second measurement modes, and includes an electronic optical system that irradiates a sample with an electron beam and an optical system that irradiates a sample with light.
- An electron detector that detects signal electrons generated when an electron beam from an electron optical system irradiates a sample, and photodetector that detects signal light generated when light from an optical system irradiates a sample.
- the device and the electron optical system and the optical system are controlled so that the electron beam and light are irradiated under the first irradiation condition in the first measurement mode, and the electron beam and light are irradiated under the second irradiation condition in the second measurement mode.
- It has an electronic optical system and a control unit that controls the optical system so that it is irradiated with light, and a computer that processes a detection signal from an electronic detector or a photodetector.
- the detection signal is input to the computer, and in the second measurement mode, the detection signal from the electronic detector is input to the computer.
- the method for inspecting a semiconductor sample is a method for inspecting a semiconductor sample using a semiconductor inspection apparatus having first and second measurement modes, and the semiconductor inspection apparatus puts an electron beam on the semiconductor sample. From the electron optical system to irradiate, the optical system to irradiate the semiconductor sample with light, the electron detector to detect the signal electrons generated by irradiating the semiconductor sample with the electron beam from the electron optical system, and the optical system. It is equipped with a photodetector that detects signal light generated when light is applied to a semiconductor sample.
- a switching step of switching the electron optical system and the optical system from the first irradiation condition to the second irradiation condition has a second measurement step of irradiating the semiconductor sample with an electron beam from the electron optical system and light from the optical system under the second irradiation condition and forming an image of the semiconductor sample based on the detection signal from the electron detector. ..
- the electrical characteristics of the device or the material constituting the device are evaluated by optical inspection. Therefore, it has a mechanism for changing the electric state of the sample by controlling the electric charge in the sample to be inspected. Since the optical characteristics of a sample change when the electrical state of the sample changes, it is possible to detect abnormalities in the electrical characteristics of devices and materials by grasping the changes in the optical characteristics when the electrical state of the sample changes. become. Specifically, the sample is irradiated with an electron beam in order to change the electrical state of the sample.
- the term electrical state is used to broadly refer to a state brought about by fluctuations in the charge in the sample due to irradiation of the sample with an electron beam, such as the potential, charge, or electronic state of the sample.
- an electron beam such as the potential, charge, or electronic state of the sample.
- the electronic state of the semiconductor film changes. Since the optical characteristics of a semiconductor whose electronic state has changed also change, it is possible to estimate the change in the electronic state of the semiconductor based on, for example, the change in light reflectance.
- the visual field to be optically inspected does not have to be made of a uniform material, and may include a device structure made of different materials. For example, when the plug (conductor) arranged in the insulating film is irradiated with an electron beam, the plug is charged and the potential generates an electric field around the plug (nm to ⁇ m). It is also possible to inspect the properties.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of the semiconductor inspection device 1 of this embodiment.
- the semiconductor inspection device 1 includes an input / output device 40 including an electron beam device 10, a computer 30, a display, a keyboard, operation buttons, and the like.
- the electron beam apparatus 10 is provided with a lens barrel 10A having an electron optical system for generating an electron beam to irradiate the sample 23 in the sample chamber 10B in which the sample 23 to be inspected is housed.
- the control unit 11 is arranged on the outside.
- an electron source 12 In the lens barrel 10A, an electron source 12, a blanker 15 for pulsing the electron beam, a throttle 13 for adjusting the irradiation current amount of the electron beam, a deflector 14 for controlling the trajectory of the electron beam, and an electron beam are placed on the sample surface.
- An objective lens 16 or the like for focusing is housed.
- the lens barrel 10A houses an electron detector 25 that detects secondary electrons emitted from the sample 23 by irradiation with an electron beam and outputs a detection signal based on the secondary electrons.
- the detection signal from the electron detector 25 is used for generating an SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) image, measuring the size of the sample 23, measuring the electrical characteristics, and the like.
- the electron detector 25 for detecting secondary electrons is shown here, it may be an electron detector for detecting backscattered electrons (BSE: backscattered electrons), or both of them may be provided. ..
- the stage 21, sample 23, etc. are housed in the sample chamber 10B.
- the sample 23 is placed on the stage 21.
- the sample 23 is, for example, a semiconductor wafer including a plurality of semiconductor devices, an individual semiconductor device, or the like.
- the stage 21 is provided with a stage drive mechanism (not shown), and the stage position is controlled by the control unit 11 according to the observation field of view.
- a light source 26, a light regulator 27, and a photodetector 29 are arranged in the sample chamber 10B.
- the light source 26 supplies light to irradiate the sample 23, and has, for example, a solid-state laser, a semiconductor element such as an LED (Light Emitting Diode) or an LD (Laser Diode), or a white lamp.
- the light source 26 may be composed of a plurality of types of light sources having different wavelengths.
- the light adjuster 27 is a functional block that adjusts the optical path of the light so that the light emitted from the light source 26 is applied to a predetermined region of the sample 23. It is desirable that the light regulator 27 further has a function of modulating the intensity, polarization, etc.
- the signal light generated by the light applied to the sample 23 is detected by the photodetector 29.
- the signal light to be detected includes reflected light, scattered light, diffracted light, and light emission.
- a photodetector 29 suitable for the detection can be used.
- the detection signal from the photodetector 29 is used to evaluate the electrical characteristics of the sample 23.
- the light source 26 and the optical regulator 27 constitute an optical system that irradiates the sample 23 with light for optical inspection.
- the optical elements constituting the optical system and all or part of the photodetector are arranged outside the sample chamber 10B, and the sample 23 is irradiated with light through the port provided in the sample chamber 10B, or the sample chamber is used.
- the signal light may be detected by a photodetector 29 arranged outside the 10B.
- the control unit 11 controls the components of the electron beam device 10.
- the control unit 11 controls the operation of the electron source 12, the blanker 15, the diaphragm 13, the deflector 14, the objective lens 16, and the like based on the observation conditions input from the computer 30, for example.
- the control unit 11 is realized by a program executed by a processor such as a CPU. Further, for example, it may be configured by FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array), ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), or the like.
- the computer 30 executes the inspection and measurement condition setting by the semiconductor inspection device 1 and the processing of the detection signal obtained by the electron detector 25 and the photodetector 29 of the electron beam device 10.
- the computer 30 has a computer unit 31 and a storage unit 32.
- the storage unit 32 stores various databases necessary for condition setting and processing, and the calculation unit 31 stores the control unit 11 while referring to the user's input data and the database input from the input / output unit 40.
- the electron beam device 10 is controlled via the device, the detection signal is processed, and the result is displayed on the input / output device 40.
- FIG. 2 shows a wafer (semiconductor sample) 50 as an example of a sample to be inspected.
- the wafer 50 is divided into mesh-shaped chip compartments 51 of the same size so that a large number of chips can be produced at one time, and the same pattern is formed in each chip compartment.
- the chips are separated into chip sections. Patterns of various materials constituting the semiconductor device are formed on the wafer 50.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a pattern of one memory array 52 when the chip is a DRAM memory chip.
- the memory array 52 has an area 53 in which capacitors are integrated, an area 54 in which word lines are integrated, and an area 55 in which bit lines are integrated. In each region, a pattern is formed by the material (insulator, semiconductor, conductor, etc.) of each region.
- the semiconductor inspection device 1 optically inspects the pattern formed in the region and the electrical characteristics of the semiconductor film for each region (first measurement mode).
- FIG. 2 illustrates a wafer on which a memory chip is formed as a sample to be inspected, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the chip may be, for example, a sensor chip or a test pattern for inspection (TestElementGroup).
- it may be a wafer (or a part of the wafer) on which a uniform film without a pattern is formed.
- a semiconductor device is usually composed of a laminated film of a plurality of different materials, when inspecting a wafer in-line, the material of the region may be different even in the same chip section depending on the extraction process.
- the area itself may be different. Depending on the inspection purpose, the area and the inspection specifications for each area will be determined.
- FIG. 3 shows how the region 55 is irradiated with the electron beam 61 and the light 62 for the optical inspection (first measurement mode).
- the spot diameter is increased so that it is substantially equal to the spot diameter (1 ⁇ m to 1 mm) of the irradiated light 62.
- the generated signal light 63 is detected by the photodetector 29.
- the signal light includes reflected light, scattered light, diffracted light, light emission, and the like, and is selected according to the electric state to be detected.
- the scattered light may be generated at a wavelength different from the wavelength of the light of the light source, such as Raman scattered light. Further, the wavelength of the light of the light source is not limited.
- the detection signal from the photodetector when not irradiating the electron beam with the detection signal from the photodetector when irradiating the electron beam, abnormalities in the electrical characteristics of the pattern contained in the visual field are abnormal. Judge the presence or absence of. Electrical properties are typically, but are not limited to, resistance, capacitance, defects and carrier densities.
- the intensity of signal light of a specific wavelength can be detected (Fig. 4, first stage (top stage)).
- a signal light with an intensity of 010 mW is detected without electron beam irradiation
- a signal light with an intensity of 003 mW is detected with an electron beam irradiation
- the intensity is 009 mW.
- the region constitutes a capacitor and the charge charged by electron beam irradiation disappears due to a shape defect
- the signal light intensity and electron beam irradiation without electron beam irradiation The signal intensity in the presence state is almost the same, and when there is no defect, the signal light intensity in the state without electron beam irradiation and the signal intensity in the state with electron beam irradiation differ depending on the charge charge. .. Therefore, it is possible to detect anomalies based on the signal light intensity.
- the abnormality determination method based on the parameters is different.
- the spectrum of the signal light can be detected (FIG. 4, 2nd to 3rd stages).
- the second stage shows an example of detecting an abnormality by changing the peak intensity of the spectrum.
- the presence or absence of an abnormality can be detected by comparing the peak intensity of the spectrum 71a without electron beam irradiation with the peak intensity of the spectrum 71b (71c) with electron beam irradiation.
- the third stage shows an example of detecting an abnormality based on the amount of shift in the spectrum.
- the presence or absence of an abnormality can be detected by the shift amount between the spectrum 72a without electron beam irradiation and the spectrum 72b (72c) with electron beam irradiation.
- the intensity distribution of the signal light can be detected (FIG. 4, 4th stage (bottom stage)).
- the fourth stage shows an example of detecting an abnormality based on the intensity distribution of the signal light.
- the intensity distribution of the signal light in which diffracted light appears on both sides of the 0th-order light in the x direction is observed.
- the presence or absence of an abnormality can be detected based on the characteristics of the two-dimensional pattern of the signal light intensity distribution such as the magnitude of the diffracted light or the distance between the 0th-order light and the diffracted light.
- the intensity distribution of the signal light to be detected may be an optical microscope image of the sample. In this case, the sample surface may be projected onto the multi-pixel optical sensor with an optical lens.
- the detection signal from the photodetector when not irradiating the electron beam is compared with the detection signal from the photodetector when irradiating the electron beam.
- the detection signal is not compared. The difference from the time may be detected and the presence or absence of an abnormality may be determined from the magnitude of the difference.
- FIG. 5 shows a time chart of electron beam irradiation, light irradiation, and signal light detection in optical inspection.
- the electron beam irradiation trigger 81 is a control signal from the control unit 11 to the blanker 15, and indicates an irradiation period of the electron beam to the sample 23.
- the period of the electron beam irradiation trigger 81 is on the order of Hz to MHz.
- the light irradiation trigger 82 is a control signal from the control unit 11 to the light source 26 or the light regulator 27, and indicates the irradiation period of the light to the sample 23.
- the irradiation light is continuous light.
- the signal light measurement trigger 83 is a control signal from the control unit 11 to the photodetector 29, and indicates a detection period of the signal light.
- the signal light measurement trigger 83 and the electron beam irradiation trigger 81 are synchronized with each other, and the signal light measurement trigger 83a, which is turned on during the period when the electron beam irradiation trigger 81 is turned on, measures the measurement with electron beam irradiation.
- the signal light measurement trigger 83b which is turned on during the period when the electron beam irradiation trigger 81 is turned off, enables measurement without electron beam irradiation. In order to improve the SN ratio of the measurement, it is effective to measure the measured value a plurality of times and take the average value. Further, when the difference between the state where the electron beam is not irradiated and the state where the electron beam is irradiated is taken, the accuracy can be improved by performing the lock-in detection using the lock-in amplifier.
- FIG. 6 shows an example of displaying the result of the optical inspection.
- the optical inspection is performed on the user-designated area of the user-designated chip compartment 51 on the wafer 50.
- Optical inspection may be performed on all chip compartments on the wafer 50.
- the electrical characteristics or optical characteristics of the pattern in the area where the optical inspection is performed are out of the allowable range set by the user, it is determined that there is an abnormality, and the coordinates of the chip section determined to be abnormal and the chip section concerned. It is displayed as a wafer heat map 90 based on the degree of deviation from the permissible range (degree of abnormality).
- the chip section 92 is displayed in the wafer 91, and the chip section determined to have an abnormality is colored according to the degree of abnormality and displayed, so that the chip section determined to have an abnormality is displayed. And its anomaly are displayed so that they can be visually recognized by the user.
- the user executes SEM measurement (second measurement mode) by electron beam for the chip section determined to have an abnormality.
- SEM measurement the user sets the specifications of SEM measurement by electron beam based on the degree of abnormality.
- FIG. 7 shows how the region 55 is irradiated with the electron beam 101 and the light 102 for SEM measurement (second measurement mode). Irradiation with light 102 is not necessary if only the dimensional measurement and shape evaluation of the pattern in the region 55 are performed, but when the SEM measurement is performed in a state where the electrical state such as the charging status in the pattern in the region 55 is controlled, the SEM measurement is performed. , Light 102 is applied to the observation field as shown in FIG. 7. In the SEM measurement, the spot diameter of the electron beam 101 is narrowed down to a small size, and the observation field of view is scanned two-dimensionally. The spot diameter of the light 102 is set to a size including an observation field of view two-dimensionally scanned by the electron beam 101.
- the signal electron 103 generated by the irradiation of the electron beam 101 is detected by the electron detector 25, and an SEM image is formed based on the detection signal of the electron detector 25.
- the electron beam conditions probe size, acceleration voltage, probe current, etc.
- optical conditions wavelength, polarization, intensity, etc.
- the SEM measurement are determined according to the degree of abnormality detected by the optical inspection. For example, if the electrical characteristic detected by the optical inspection is resistance, and if a high resistance abnormality is detected, it is possible to optimize the SEM image obtained by reducing the probe current and suppressing charging. can.
- the semiconductor inspection device switches to each condition for measurement.
- the electron source 12 is shared as an electron source for optical inspection and an electron source for SEM measurement, but an electron source for optical inspection or a lens barrel provided with the electron source is used. It may be provided separately.
- the semiconductor inspection device 1 detects an abnormality in the electrical characteristics of the sample by optical inspection (first measurement mode), and SEM measurement (second measurement mode) is performed on the region where the abnormality is detected.
- the measurement flow to be performed is shown.
- FIG. 9 shows an example of the inspection / measurement calibration screen 210, which is a GUI (Graphical User Interface) for setting the calibration.
- the inspection / measurement calibration screen 210 is provided with a setting file selection unit 211, and can recall the calibration data stored in the storage unit 32 in the past measurement. For example, by utilizing past calibration data, such as when inspecting the same wafer with different electrical characteristics to be detected, or when inspecting the same wafer in different inspection areas. The workload of the user can be reduced.
- the user selects some chip sections on the wafer to be calibrated. It may be directly specified in the calibration coordinate list 212, or the chip section to be calibrated may be specified on the wafer map 213 displayed on the screen.
- the calibration execution button 220 By pressing the calibration execution button 220 to perform the alignment of the wafer, it becomes possible to irradiate an arbitrary position on the wafer with light and an electron beam.
- the user sets the area to be inspected in the chip section to be inspected.
- the SEM image of the chip section is displayed on the electron beam irradiation position image 214, and the user adjusts the observation field of view so that the inspection area 215 becomes the center of the SEM image.
- FIG. 9 shows an example in which the method of irradiating the sample with the electron beam shown in FIG. 3 at a fixed point is selected, but a scanning method or the like as described in a modification described later can be selected.
- the irradiation position is fixed and the coordinates are registered.
- the user can register a plurality of electron beam irradiation positions by displaying another area on the electron beam irradiation position image 214.
- the light irradiation position image 217 which is an SEM image of the chip section is displayed, the coordinate name for the inspection area 215b is input to the input frame 222, and then the selection button 218 is pressed. Register the light irradiation position.
- the light and the electron beam are set to the same irradiation position, but it is also possible to inspect the electrical characteristics of the device by irradiating the light and the electron beam to different positions as in the modification described later. Therefore, the electron beam irradiation position and the light irradiation position can be set independently.
- the method of setting the irradiation position shown in FIG. 9 is an example. For example, a low-magnification SEM image or an optical microscope image is displayed on the electron beam irradiation position image 214 or the light irradiation position image 217, and the irradiation position is set as an SEM image. One or more may be specified on the above or on the optical microscope image.
- the save button 219 is pressed to save the set contents in the storage unit 32.
- FIG. 10A shows an example of the inspection / measurement setting screen 230, which is a GUI for setting conditions. Similar to the inspection / measurement calibration screen 210, the setting file selection unit 231 is provided, and the inspection / measurement condition data stored in the storage unit 32 in the past measurement can be recalled. The user sets irradiation conditions (first irradiation conditions) in the light condition parameter column 233 and the electron beam condition parameter column 234 of the inspection parameter column 232.
- FIG. 10B shows an example of an operation screen (inspection / measurement screen) 240 for executing an optical inspection.
- the inspection / measurement screen 240a shown in FIG. 10B shows a state in which the first tab 241 including the operation screen and the result display screen of the optical inspection is opened.
- the upper half of the first tab 241 is an operation screen, and the user designates a chip section to be inspected in the inspection chip section designation unit 242. It is also possible to specify all the chip sections of the wafer. After that, by pressing the inspection execution button 243, the optical inspection for the designated chip section is executed.
- the presence or absence of an abnormality in the designated chip compartment is determined, and the degree of the abnormality is calculated at least for the coordinates (chip compartment) determined to be abnormal (S04).
- the relationship between the optical characteristics measured in the storage unit 32 and the electrical characteristics in the measurement area can be stored as a database and used for abnormality determination.
- the presence or absence of abnormality may be directly determined from the measured optical characteristics of the semiconductor material such as the band gap and the refractive index.
- the lower half of the first tab 241 of the inspection / measurement screen 240a shown in FIG. 10B is the result display screen.
- the inspection result display unit 244 displays the inspection result of the chip section designated by the inspection chip section designation section 242. In this example, an example is shown in which the electrical characteristic value is calculated and displayed regardless of whether the chip section is normal or abnormal.
- the wafer heat map 245 shown in FIG. 6 is also displayed. After confirming the result of the optical inspection, the user presses the save button 246 to save the optical inspection result in the storage unit 32.
- the user sets the electron beam condition and the optical condition for the second measurement based on the degree of abnormality (S05).
- the condition setting the user sets the irradiation condition (second irradiation condition) in the electron beam condition parameter column 236 and the optical condition parameter column 237 of the measurement parameter column 235 on the inspection / measurement setting screen 230 (FIG. 10A).
- the semiconductor inspection device 1 stores in advance the default values of measurement parameters set according to the degree of abnormality detected by the optical inspection or the electrical characteristics in the storage unit 32 as a database. An example of the database is shown in FIG.
- the amount of electron beam current (probe current amount) used in the second measurement is stored according to the electrical characteristics (resistance value, etc.) of the region calculated in the first measurement under the material of the region and the acceleration voltage to be irradiated. Has been done.
- the database may include the light conditions used for the second measurement condition. By referring to such a database, the user can easily set appropriate parameters.
- the computer 30 switches the device conditions of the electron beam device 10 to the electron beam conditions and the optical conditions of the SEM measurement (second measurement mode) set by the user (S06), and the chip section determined to have an abnormality by the optical inspection.
- SEM measurement is executed for (S07).
- the user performs a detailed analysis of the abnormality detected by the optical inspection based on the SEM image.
- FIG. 10C shows an example of an operation screen (inspection / measurement screen) 240 for executing SEM measurement.
- the inspection / measurement screen 240b shown in FIG. 10C shows a state in which the second tab 251 including the SEM measurement operation screen and the result display screen is opened.
- the upper half of the second tab 251 is an operation screen, and the user calls the optical inspection result data stored in the storage unit 32 from the result file selection unit 252.
- the inspection result display unit 244 in the first tab 241 (FIG. 10B)
- the inspection result display unit 253 corresponding to the wafer heat map 245, and the wafer heat map 254 are displayed.
- SEM measurement is executed for the chip section determined to have an abnormality
- the SEM measurement result is displayed in the lower half of the second tab 251 of the inspection / measurement screen 240b.
- the result display screen includes the measurement result display unit 256, and the measurement result display unit 256 displays the optical inspection result of the same chip section as the inspection result display unit 253.
- the SEM image 257 acquired by the SEM measurement is displayed.
- the SEM image 257 exemplified in FIG. 10C is an image of the region where the capacitors of the DRAM memory array shown in FIG. 2 are integrated.
- the dimensions of the pattern are measured from the SEM image of the chip section determined to be abnormal by the optical inspection, it is determined that the abnormality is due to the shape, and the SEM image and the measured dimensions are saved as the measurement result.
- the SEM image is acquired by irradiating with light, it is determined from the brightness value of the SEM image that the abnormality is caused by some electrical characteristic, and the value of the electrical characteristic is saved as the measurement result.
- the SEM measurement result is saved in the storage unit 32 by pressing the save button 258.
- FIG. 12A shows a circuit example of the device to be inspected.
- the circuit A132, the circuit B134, and the circuit C136 are provided with an external terminal 131, an external terminal 133, and an external terminal 135, respectively. Since the circuit A132 is connected to the circuit B134 and the circuit B134 is connected to the circuit C136, there is an interdependence between the circuits.
- FIG. 12B shows the layout of the device on which the circuit of FIG. 12A is mounted. In FIG.
- the circuits A to C are formed in a layer located below the layer shown in FIG. 12B.
- such a device In an optical inspection (first measurement mode), such a device is generated by irradiating the region 131a with an electron beam 137 and irradiating the region 133a with light 138 as shown in FIG. 12B.
- the signal light 139 is detected.
- the plug (group) of the region 131a By charging the plug (group) of the region 131a in this way, the electrical state of the circuit B134 is indirectly changed, and the electrical characteristics of the circuit B134 are measured in this state. This makes it possible to grasp the dependence of the electrical characteristics of the circuit B134 on the circuit A132.
- the electron beam irradiation position and the light irradiation position are set to different positions. Further, in FIG. 13, a plurality of electron beam irradiation positions are set (note that the electron beam and light irradiation position coordinates in each chip set in the electron beam condition / light condition setting step (S02) of the first measurement are set. (Indicated in parentheses), specifically, an example of measuring the electrical characteristics by directly or indirectly changing the electrical state of the circuit B134 by irradiating the regions A to C with an electron beam is shown. ing.
- a plurality of electron beam irradiation positions on the inspection / measurement calibration screen 210 of FIG. 9 a plurality of types of inspections can be performed on each chip.
- a plurality of light irradiation positions can be registered, and a plurality of inspections in which the light irradiation positions are changed can be performed on each chip.
- Modification 2 In the time chart shown in FIG. 5, the timing of electron beam irradiation and signal light detection is set to a predetermined fixed cycle, and in the optical inspection (first measurement mode), the magnitude of the electrical characteristics detected at the timing is measured.
- the response characteristics of the electrical characteristics of the device can be measured by making the timings of electron beam irradiation and signal light detection variable.
- the time chart of FIG. 14A is the same as the time chart of FIG. 5, and the signal light measurement trigger 143a and the electron beam irradiation trigger 141 that are turned on during the period when the electron beam irradiation trigger 141 and the electron beam irradiation trigger 141 are turned on are turned off.
- the period of the signal light measurement trigger 143b that is turned on during the period is set to T.
- the difference between the detection signals in the state with electron beam irradiation and the state without electron beam irradiation is detected while modulating the period T.
- FIG. 14B shows a change in the detection signal difference depending on the period T.
- the period T 1 in which the detection signal difference changes significantly it can be determined that the charge charged in the device (capacitor) has disappeared due to the electron beam irradiation in the above example.
- the electrical characteristics measured in the optical inspection (first measurement) can include the response characteristics.
- FIG. 15A is another time chart of the modified example 2.
- the light source 26 is pulsed light
- the light irradiation trigger 152 and the signal light measurement trigger 153 that control the light emission of the light source 26 are synchronized with the electron beam irradiation trigger 151, and the electron beam irradiation trigger 151 is turned on.
- the light irradiation trigger 152a and the signal light measurement trigger 152a that are turned on during the period measure the measurement with electron beam irradiation, and the light irradiation trigger 152b and the signal light measurement that are turned on during the period when the electron beam irradiation trigger 151 is turned off.
- the trigger 153b enables measurement without electron beam irradiation.
- FIG. 15B shows a change in the detection signal difference depending on the delay time T. Similar to FIG. 14B, the response characteristics of the electrical characteristics can be measured.
- Modification 3 In the flowchart of FIG. 8, an example in which the user directly inputs a value on the inspection / measurement setting screen 230 to set the electron beam condition / optical condition for the optical inspection (first measurement mode) has been described.
- Optimal conditions for optical inspection depend on the structure and material of the sample. Therefore, in Modification 3, in order to set the electron beam conditions and optical conditions for the optical inspection, preliminary measurement is performed for the area where the optical inspection is performed, and the electron beam conditions and optical conditions for the optical inspection are based on the results of the preliminary measurement. Set the light conditions.
- the preliminary measurement is SEM measurement as in the second measurement in this embodiment, and may or may not be irradiated with light at the same time.
- the dimensions of the device can be calculated by preliminary measurement, the amount of charge required to charge the device can be calculated, and the amount of electron beam current in the first measurement can be calculated.
- the electron beam irradiation cycle in the first measurement can be calculated from the time constant of the device calculated from the result of the preliminary measurement.
- the positive or negative of the charge required for charging can be determined from the charging status of the device calculated from the result of the preliminary measurement, and the acceleration voltage of the electron beam in the first measurement can be calculated.
- the method of irradiating the electron beam and light in the optical inspection in the modification 4 will be described with reference to FIG.
- the irradiation method in this modification is executed by selecting the scanning method in the selection frame 223 for selecting the electron beam irradiation method on the inspection / measurement calibration screen 210 shown in FIG.
- FIG. 16 shows, as an example, a state in which the device shown in FIGS. 12A and 12B is irradiated with an electron beam 137 and light 138 to the region 133a and an optical inspection is performed on the region 133a (circuit B134).
- the scanning method for the electron beam irradiation By selecting the scanning method for the electron beam irradiation, the spot diameter on the sample of the electron beam 137 is made smaller than the spot diameter of the light 138, and the electron beam 137 is the region set in the electron beam irradiation position image 214. Is scanned two-dimensionally by the deflector 14.
- the irradiation region of the electron beam 137 can be set regardless of the spot diameter of the electron beam 137.
- a region to be irradiated with the electron beam 61 is arbitrarily set, and an arbitrary region scanning method for scanning the electron beam 61 with respect to the set region is selected from the selection frame 223. It may be selectable.
- the feature of the arbitrary area scanning method is that the area irradiated by the electron beam 61 can be formed into an arbitrary shape specified by the user.
- the scanning of the electron beam 61 is performed during the period when the electron beam irradiation trigger 81 of FIG. 5 is ON.
- the electron beam irradiation region in the optical inspection (first measurement mode) can be arbitrarily set.
- a scanning method may be applied for irradiating an electron beam to an electron beam irradiation region different from the light irradiation region.
- the optical inspection (first measurement mode) in the embodiment inspects the entire irradiation region of light.
- the electrical characteristics examined in the first measurement mode of the embodiment are average characteristics over the entire irradiation region of light.
- the optical inspection having excellent spatial resolution is realized by detecting the distribution of the electrical characteristics in the light irradiation region.
- the scanning method or arbitrary region scanning method described in Modification 4 is applied to the electron beam irradiation method in this modification.
- the optical inspection of the modified example 5 will be described with reference to the example of FIG. It is assumed that the light 138 is applied to the region 133a, the spot diameter of the electron beam 137 is made smaller than the spot diameter of the light 138, and the region 133a is scanned.
- the time chart of the modification 5 is shown in FIG.
- the time chart of FIG. 17 is the same as the time chart of FIG. 5, but an electron beam scanning signal 172 in the X direction and an electron beam scanning signal 173 in the Y direction are added.
- the electron beam scanning signals 172 and 173 are control signals from the control unit 11 to the deflector 14, and cause the electron beam 137 to be scanned two-dimensionally on the sample.
- the electron beam scanning signal 172 in the X direction scans the electron beam 137 in the X direction, and the electron beam scanning signal 173 in the Y direction moves the scanning position of the electron beam in the Y direction orthogonal to the X direction.
- the scan in the Y direction is continuously performed, the scan in the X direction is performed during the period when the electron beam irradiation trigger 171 is turned on, and the electron beam 137 is X in the period.
- the region 133a is scanned in a line extending in the direction.
- the signal light measurement trigger 175 and the electron beam irradiation trigger 171 are synchronized with each other, and the signal light measurement trigger 175a, which is turned on during the period when the electron beam irradiation trigger 171 is turned on, measures the measurement with electron beam irradiation. Can be measured without electron beam irradiation by the signal light measurement trigger 175b that is turned on during the period when the electron beam irradiation trigger 171 is turned off. Since the electron beam scanning signal 172 in the X direction and the electron beam scanning signal 173 in the Y direction indicate the position of the electron beam 137 irradiated on the sample, the detection signal from the photodetector is the electron beam scanning signal 1722.
- the detection signal is the intensity of the signal light
- the value of each pixel is the intensity of the signal light when the electron beam 137 is irradiated to the scanning position of the electron beam at the timing of the signal light measurement trigger 175a. .. Since the signal light intensity detected at the timing of the signal light measurement trigger 175b is the intensity in the state without electron beam irradiation, it is detected by the signal light measurement trigger 175b from the signal intensity detected by the signal light measurement trigger 175a. By subtracting the signal strength as the background, the influence of electron beam irradiation can be more easily detected.
- the image (schematic diagram) of the region 133a of FIG. 16 obtained in this way is shown in FIG. It is assumed that a region 183 having a signal light intensity significantly higher than that of the surrounding region 182 is observed in a part of the image 181 of the region 133a. In this case, it can be determined that there is an abnormality in the shape or electrical characteristics of the inspected device or the semiconductor film in the region 183. Therefore, the coordinates of the abnormal region 183 are stored in the storage unit 32 as a defective unit. For the stored coordinates (region 183), SEM measurement, which is the second measurement mode, is performed, and detailed measurement is performed for the electrical characteristics or the device shape.
- the pixel value of the image is not limited to the intensity of the signal light, and may be a numerical value of the spectrum shift amount and the intensity distribution shown in FIG. Alternatively, it may be a numerical value of optical characteristics such as band gap and refractive index, and electrical characteristics such as resistance and defect density. In this way, the spatial resolution in optical inspection can be improved.
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Abstract
Description
第1の照射条件で電子光学系からの電子線及び光学系からの光を半導体試料に照射し、光検出器からの検出信号に基づき半導体試料の電気的特性を評価する第1の測定ステップと、
第1の測定ステップにおいて異常が検出された場合には、電子光学系及び光学系を第1の照射条件から第2の照射条件に切り替える切り替えステップと、
第2の照射条件で電子光学系からの電子線及び光学系からの光を半導体試料に照射し、電子検出器からの検出信号に基づき半導体試料の像を形成する第2の測定ステップとを有する。
図3の例では、電子線と光とを同じ照射位置としていた。変形例1では電子線と光とを異なる照射位置とする例について説明する。図12Aに検査対象とするデバイスの回路例を示す。回路A132、回路B134、回路C136はそれぞれ外部端子131、外部端子133、外部端子135を備えている。回路A132は回路B134と接続されており、回路B134は回路C136と接続されていることにより、回路間には相互依存関係がある。図12Bに図12Aの回路が実装されたデバイスのレイアウトを示す。図12Bでは外部端子131に対応するプラグ(群)が形成された領域A131a、外部端子133に対応するプラグ(群)が形成された領域B133a、外部端子135に対応するプラグ(群)が形成された領域C135aが表れている。回路A~Cは、図12Bに示された層よりも下に位置する層に形成されている。
図5に示したタイムチャートでは、電子線照射と信号光検出のタイミングを所定の一定周期とし、光学検査(第1の測定モード)では当該タイミングで検出される電気的特性の大きさを測定する例を説明した。しかしながら、あるタイミングでの電気的特性の大きさだけではなく、キャパシタにおける電荷の保持能力のように、デバイスの電気的特性の応答特性を検査したい場合もある。このような場合には、電子線照射と信号光検出のタイミングを可変にすることで、デバイスの電気的特性の応答特性を測定することができる。
図8のフローチャートでは、ユーザが検査・計測設定画面230に直接値を入力することにより、光学検査(第1の測定モード)の電子線条件・光条件を設定する例を説明した。光学検査に最適な条件は、試料の構造や材料によって異なる。そこで、変形例3では、光学検査の電子線条件・光条件を設定するため、光学検査を実施する領域に対して予備計測を実施し、予備計測の結果に基づいて光学検査の電子線条件・光条件を設定する。
図3に示した光学検査(第1の測定モード)における電子線と光の試料への照射では、電子線61の試料での照射スポット径を照射される光62のスポット径とほぼ同等となるようにしている。しかし、この場合、電子線61を照射する領域を任意に決められない。例えば、図3の領域55に絞って電子線を照射したい場合、領域55に合わせた形状の電子線61の照射スポットを作ることは困難である。変形例4では、電子線61をスポット径に制約されることなく、試料上の任意の領域に照射する方法を説明する。変形例4における光学検査における電子線と光の照射方法について図16を用いて説明する。本変形例での照射方法は、図9に示した検査・計測キャリブレーション画面210において、電子線照射方式を選択する選択枠223において、走査方式を選択することで実行される。
実施例における光学検査(第1の測定モード)は、光の照射領域全体の検査を行うものである。言い換えれば、実施例の第1の測定モードで検査される電気的特性は、光の照射領域全体における平均的特性となっている。これに対して、変形例5では、光の照射領域における電気的特性の分布を検出することにより、空間分解能に優れた光学検査を実現する。本変形例での電子線照射方式には、変形例4にて説明した走査方式または任意領域走査方式を適用する。
Claims (19)
- 第1及び第2の測定モードを有する半導体検査装置であって、
試料に電子線を照射する電子光学系と、
前記試料に光を照射する光学系と、
前記電子光学系からの電子線が前記試料に照射されることにより発生する信号電子を検出する電子検出器と、
前記光学系からの光が前記試料に照射されることにより発生する信号光を検出する光検出器と、
前記第1の測定モードにおいて第1の照射条件で電子線及び光が照射されるよう前記電子光学系及び前記光学系を制御し、前記第2の測定モードにおいて第2の照射条件で電子線及び光が照射されるよう前記電子光学系及び前記光学系を制御する制御部と、
前記電子検出器または前記光検出器からの検出信号を処理する計算機とを有し、
前記第1の測定モードにおいては前記光検出器からの検出信号が前記計算機に入力され、前記第2の測定モードにおいては前記電子検出器からの検出信号が前記計算機に入力される半導体検査装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記第1の測定モードにおいて、前記制御部は、前記光学系からの光を前記試料の第1の領域に照射し、前記計算機は、前記電子光学系からの電子線照射ありの状態での前記光検出器からの検出信号と前記電子光学系からの電子線照射なしの状態での前記光検出器からの検出信号とに基づき、前記第1の領域の電気的特性を評価する半導体検査装置。 - 請求項2において、
前記第1の測定モードにおいて、前記制御部は、前記電子光学系からの電子線を前記第1の領域に照射し、前記電子光学系からの電子線のスポット径は、前記光学系からの光のスポット径に応じた大きさとされる半導体検査装置。 - 請求項2において、
前記第1の測定モードにおいて、前記制御部は、前記電子光学系からの電子線を前記第1の領域に照射し、前記電子光学系は、前記光学系からの光のスポット径よりも小さいスポット径の電子線を前記第1の領域上で走査する半導体検査装置。 - 請求項2において、
前記第1の測定モードにおいて、前記制御部は、前記電子光学系からの電子線を前記第1の領域とは異なる領域に照射する半導体検査装置。 - 請求項5において、前記電子光学系は、前記光学系からの光のスポット径よりも小さいスポット径の電子線を前記第1の領域とは異なる領域上で走査する半導体検査装置。
- 請求項2において、
前記第2の測定モードにおいて、前記制御部は、前記電子光学系からの電子線を前記第1の測定モードでの測定結果に基づき定められた第2の領域において走査させ、前記計算機は、前記電子検出器からの検出信号に基づき、前記第2の領域の像を形成する半導体検査装置。 - 請求項7において、
前記計算機は、電気的特性と前記第2の照射条件との対応を示すデータベースを備え、前記第2の照射条件は、前記計算機によって求められた前記電気的特性に基づき、前記データベースを参照して決定される半導体検査装置。 - 請求項2において、
前記光学系が照射する光は連続光であり、
前記第1の測定モードにおいて、前記制御部は、前記電子光学系に周期的に電子線を照射させる電子線照射トリガーと、前記光検出器に信号光を周期的に検出させる信号光測定トリガーとを出力し、
前記電子線照射トリガーと前記信号光測定トリガーとは同期しており、前記信号光測定トリガーは、前記電子線照射トリガーがONのときにONとなる第1のトリガーと、前記電子線照射トリガーがOFFのときにONとなる第2のトリガーとを含む半導体検査装置。 - 請求項9において、
前記制御部は、前記電子線照射トリガー及び前記信号光測定トリガーの周期を変化させる半導体検査装置。 - 請求項2において、
前記第1の測定モードにおいて、前記制御部は、前記電子光学系に周期的に電子線を照射させる電子線照射トリガーと、前記光学系に周期的に光を照射させる光照射トリガーと、前記光検出器に信号光を周期的に検出させる信号光測定トリガーとを出力し、
前記電子線照射トリガーと前記光照射トリガー及び前記信号光測定トリガーとは同期しており、前記光照射トリガー及び前記信号光測定トリガーはそれぞれ、前記電子線照射トリガーがONのときにONとなる第1のトリガーと、前記電子線照射トリガーがOFFのときにONとなる第2のトリガーとを含む半導体検査装置。 - 請求項11において、
前記制御部は、前記電子線照射トリガーから前記光照射トリガー及び前記信号光測定トリガーの前記第2のトリガーまでの遅延時間を変化させる半導体検査装置。 - 請求項9において、
前記第1の測定モードにおいて、前記制御部は、前記電子光学系に第1方向に電子線を走査させる第1走査信号と、電子線の走査位置を前記第1方向と直交する第2方向に移動させる第2走査信号とを出力し、
前記電子線照射トリガーと前記第1走査信号とは同期しており、前記電子線照射トリガーがONである期間に、前記電子光学系は電子線の照射領域を前記第1方向に走査し、
前記計算機は、前記電子光学系からの電子線照射ありの状態での前記光検出器からの検出信号に基づき、画像を形成する半導体検査装置。 - 請求項13において、
前記計算機は、前記電子光学系からの電子線照射ありの状態での前記光検出器からの検出信号から、前記電子光学系からの電子線照射なしの状態での前記光検出器からの検出信号をバックグラウンドとして差し引くことにより、前記画像のピクセル値を決定する半導体検査装置。 - 半導体検査装置を用いた半導体試料の検査方法であって、
前記半導体検査装置は、前記半導体試料に電子線を照射する電子光学系と、前記半導体試料に光を照射する光学系と、前記電子光学系からの電子線が前記半導体試料に照射されることにより発生する信号電子を検出する電子検出器と、前記光学系からの光が前記半導体試料に照射されることにより発生する信号光を検出する光検出器とを備えており、
第1の照射条件で前記電子光学系からの電子線及び前記光学系からの光を前記半導体試料に照射し、前記光検出器からの検出信号に基づき前記半導体試料の電気的特性を評価する第1の測定ステップと、
前記第1の測定ステップにおいて異常が検出された場合には、前記電子光学系及び前記光学系を前記第1の照射条件から第2の照射条件に切り替える切り替えステップと、
前記第2の照射条件で前記電子光学系からの電子線及び前記光学系からの光を前記半導体試料に照射し、前記電子検出器からの検出信号に基づき前記半導体試料の像を形成する第2の測定ステップとを有する半導体試料の検査方法。 - 請求項15において、
前記半導体検査装置は、電気的特性と前記第2の照射条件との対応を示すデータベースを備え、
前記第2の照射条件は、前記第1の測定ステップにおいて求められた前記半導体試料の電気的特性に基づき、前記データベースを参照して決定される半導体試料の検査方法。 - 請求項15において、
前記半導体試料は複数のチップ区画を含み、
前記第1の測定ステップに先立ち、前記電子光学系からの電子線の照射位置と前記光学系からの光の照射位置とを設定するキャリブレーションステップを有し、
前記キャリブレーションステップにおいて、前記半導体試料においてキャリブレーションを実行する複数の前記チップ区画の選択、及び前記チップ区画における電子線照射位置及び光照射位置の指定を受けて、選択された前記チップ区画のそれぞれにおいて、指定された電子線照射位置及び光照射位置にそれぞれ電子線及び光が照射されるよう、前記電子光学系及び前記光学系のキャリブレーションを実行する半導体試料の検査方法。 - 請求項15において、
前記第1の測定ステップにおいて、前記光学系からの光を前記半導体試料の第1の領域に照射し、前記電子光学系からの電子線照射ありの状態での前記光検出器からの検出信号と前記電子光学系からの電子線照射なしの状態での前記光検出器からの検出信号とに基づき、前記第1の領域の電気的特性を評価する半導体試料の検査方法。 - 請求項15において、
前記第1の測定ステップに先立ち、前記半導体試料の像を形成する予備計測ステップを有し、
前記予備計測ステップにおいて、第3の照射条件で電子線及び光が照射されるよう前記電子光学系及び前記光学系を制御し、前記電子光学系からの電子線を所定の領域において走査させ、前記電子検出器からの検出信号に基づき、前記所定の領域の像を形成し、
前記予備計測ステップによる測定結果に基づき、前記第1の照射条件が決定される半導体試料の検査方法。
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JP (1) | JP7385054B2 (ja) |
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Citations (7)
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JPH0464245A (ja) * | 1990-07-04 | 1992-02-28 | Hitachi Ltd | 光学顕微鏡付電子顕微鏡およびそれを用いた外観検査装置 |
JPH11330178A (ja) * | 1998-05-13 | 1999-11-30 | Advantest Corp | 表面検査装置および方法 |
JP2011247603A (ja) * | 2010-05-24 | 2011-12-08 | Hitachi High-Technologies Corp | 荷電粒子線を用いた試料検査方法および検査装置ならびに欠陥レビュー装置 |
JP2012098294A (ja) * | 2005-12-02 | 2012-05-24 | Arisu Corporation:Kk | イオン源、システム及び方法 |
JP2016122860A (ja) * | 2000-09-20 | 2016-07-07 | ケーエルエー−テンカー コーポレイション | 半導体製造プロセスのための方法とシステム |
JP2017075935A (ja) * | 2015-09-01 | 2017-04-20 | カール・ツァイス・エスエムティー・ゲーエムベーハー | 荷電試料面を検査する方法及びデバイス |
JP2018041737A (ja) * | 2003-05-09 | 2018-03-15 | 株式会社荏原製作所 | 電子線装置 |
Family Cites Families (1)
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JP2013140071A (ja) | 2012-01-04 | 2013-07-18 | Hitachi High-Technologies Corp | パターン評価方法及びパターン評価システム |
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- 2020-09-29 JP JP2022553261A patent/JP7385054B2/ja active Active
- 2020-09-29 US US18/016,882 patent/US20230273253A1/en active Pending
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Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0464245A (ja) * | 1990-07-04 | 1992-02-28 | Hitachi Ltd | 光学顕微鏡付電子顕微鏡およびそれを用いた外観検査装置 |
JPH11330178A (ja) * | 1998-05-13 | 1999-11-30 | Advantest Corp | 表面検査装置および方法 |
JP2016122860A (ja) * | 2000-09-20 | 2016-07-07 | ケーエルエー−テンカー コーポレイション | 半導体製造プロセスのための方法とシステム |
JP2018041737A (ja) * | 2003-05-09 | 2018-03-15 | 株式会社荏原製作所 | 電子線装置 |
JP2012098294A (ja) * | 2005-12-02 | 2012-05-24 | Arisu Corporation:Kk | イオン源、システム及び方法 |
JP2011247603A (ja) * | 2010-05-24 | 2011-12-08 | Hitachi High-Technologies Corp | 荷電粒子線を用いた試料検査方法および検査装置ならびに欠陥レビュー装置 |
JP2017075935A (ja) * | 2015-09-01 | 2017-04-20 | カール・ツァイス・エスエムティー・ゲーエムベーハー | 荷電試料面を検査する方法及びデバイス |
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TW202212774A (zh) | 2022-04-01 |
JPWO2022070258A1 (ja) | 2022-04-07 |
US20230273253A1 (en) | 2023-08-31 |
KR20230035126A (ko) | 2023-03-10 |
JP7385054B2 (ja) | 2023-11-21 |
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