WO2022068083A1 - 一种发声器 - Google Patents

一种发声器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022068083A1
WO2022068083A1 PCT/CN2020/136702 CN2020136702W WO2022068083A1 WO 2022068083 A1 WO2022068083 A1 WO 2022068083A1 CN 2020136702 W CN2020136702 W CN 2020136702W WO 2022068083 A1 WO2022068083 A1 WO 2022068083A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
diaphragm
central
magnetic
fixed
sound generator
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PCT/CN2020/136702
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱熹
周昌国
刘光磊
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歌尔股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2022068083A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022068083A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/04—Plane diaphragms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers

Definitions

  • the utility model relates to the technical field of electro-acoustic conversion. More specifically, it relates to a sound generator.
  • the sound generator has been widely used as an important component of a terminal with an audio playback function.
  • Some terminals, especially portable terminals, such as mobile phones, tablet computers, and earphones, can provide very limited installation space for sound generators. Therefore, the existing sound generators that can be applied to narrow installation spaces usually adopt a structure that emits sound from the front of a single diaphragm. .
  • the existing single-diaphragm front-sounding sound generator will have obvious polarization problems due to the excessive size of the central part of the diaphragm and the voice coil.
  • the polarization will easily cause the voice coil and the magnetic circuit system to rub, introduce noise, and affect the acoustic effect of the sound generator. Therefore, those skilled in the art can suppress the polarization problem of the voice coil by adding a centering piece to the voice coil.
  • the defects of the above method are also obvious. For example, in order to make the bonding between the centering support piece and the voice coil more firmly, it is necessary to increase the bonding force between the centering support piece and the voice coil, and the side wall portion of the centering support piece needs to be increased.
  • the area of is bound to increase the weight of the vibration system, thereby affecting the IF sensitivity of the sounder.
  • the centering support piece is located on the voice coil and the force arm is short, so that the overall elastic force of the centering support piece is too small, the polarization effect and the low frequency effect of the sound generator are not obvious, and the vibration sensitivity of the diaphragm is affected, and the assembly process is difficult. , it is difficult to guarantee the levelness of the centering support.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a sound generator. In order to reduce the polarization generated by the vibration of the diaphragm in the sound generator structure, it can improve the sound output effect of the product in the low frequency.
  • the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:
  • the present utility model provides a sound generator, comprising:
  • a vibration system and a magnetic circuit system that form a fixed connection with the housing includes a main diaphragm and a voice coil fixed in combination with the main diaphragm;
  • the magnetic circuit system includes a side magnetic part and a central magnetic part
  • the central magnetic part includes a magnetic conductive yoke and a central magnet
  • the magnetic conductive yoke includes a bottom wall; the central magnet is located on the side of the bottom wall of the magnetic conductive yoke close to the main diaphragm; the central magnetic portion is a central hollow structure;
  • the side magnetic part surrounds the outside of the central magnet, and a magnetic gap for accommodating the voice coil is formed between the central magnet and the side magnetic part;
  • the sound generator also includes:
  • One end of the annular frame away from the main vibrating membrane is connected and fixed with a secondary vibrating membrane, and the outer edge of the secondary vibrating membrane is connected and fixed with the central hollow edge of the central magnetic part;
  • the secondary diaphragm is exposed by the side of the magnetic circuit system facing away from the main diaphragm.
  • a preferred solution is that, in the vibration direction of the main diaphragm, the length of the annular skeleton is greater than the length of the voice coil.
  • the main diaphragm includes a central portion, a folded ring portion arranged around the central portion, and a fixed portion arranged around the folded ring portion, and the central portion includes a reinforcing portion;
  • the reinforcing part and the voice coil are located on opposite sides of the main diaphragm, and the ends of the annular frame away from the auxiliary diaphragm are combined and fixed on the central part of the diaphragm;
  • the end of the auxiliary diaphragm is combined and fixed on the reinforcing part through the central part of the main diaphragm;
  • the reinforcing part and the voice coil are located on the same side of the main diaphragm, and the end of the annular frame away from the auxiliary diaphragm is fixed on the reinforcing part;
  • the end of the secondary diaphragm is fixed on the central part of the main diaphragm, and the reinforcing part is located on the central part inside the edge of the annular frame.
  • the auxiliary diaphragm includes a center portion, a ring portion arranged around the center portion, and a fixed portion arranged around the ring portion, the center portion of the auxiliary diaphragm is a plane sheet-like structure, and the The folded ring portion is a structure composed of one protrusion, or the folded ring portion is a wavy structure composed of at least one protrusion and at least one depression;
  • One end of the annular frame away from the main diaphragm is connected and fixed on the central part of the auxiliary diaphragm or on the folded ring part.
  • a preferred solution is that the main diaphragm, the auxiliary diaphragm, the voice coil and the annular frame are arranged coaxially.
  • the hollow edge of the bottom wall of the magnetic conducting yoke includes a missing portion, and the outer edge of the auxiliary diaphragm is connected and fixed on the bottom surface of the central magnet corresponding to the missing portion;
  • the hollow edge of the bottom wall of the magnetic yoke includes an inwardly extending extension, and the outer edge of the auxiliary diaphragm is connected and fixed on the top surface of the extension;
  • the outer edge of the secondary diaphragm is sandwiched and fixed between the central magnet and the bottom wall of the magnetic yoke.
  • the annular frame is made of a material with low resistivity; the material of the annular frame is any one of silver, copper, aluminum, and the like.
  • the magnetic conductive yoke includes a side wall extending vertically upward from the edge of the bottom wall, and the side wall forms the side magnetic portion;
  • edge magnets are fixed on the edge of the bottom wall, and the edge magnets form the edge magnet portion.
  • a preferred solution is that the side surface of the secondary diaphragm facing away from the main diaphragm is exposed to the outside of the casing.
  • a tuning cavity is formed between the side surface of the secondary diaphragm facing away from the main diaphragm and the casing; the tuning cavity includes an acoustic material.
  • the design of the annular frame and the auxiliary diaphragm can effectively improve the polarization phenomenon generated when the main diaphragm vibrates.
  • the secondary diaphragm can be used as a passive radiator, and the secondary diaphragm has a passive sound output effect, which can be superimposed with the active sound output effect of the main diaphragm on the sound output side of the main diaphragm to enhance the sound output effect of the sound generator.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic side cross-sectional view of a sound generator provided by the present invention according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic side cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the sound generator structure shown in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic side sectional view of the sound generator provided by the present invention according to another embodiment.
  • the utility model provides a sounder.
  • the sounder includes:
  • the vibration system includes a main diaphragm 2 and a voice coil 3 fixed in combination with the main diaphragm 2;
  • the voice coil includes a skeleton and a voice coil lead winding
  • the voice coil body formed on the skeleton is energized and vibrated by the ampere force in the magnetic field formed by the magnetic circuit system.
  • the magnetic circuit system includes a side magnetic part and a central magnetic part; the central magnetic part includes a magnetic conductive yoke and a central magnet;
  • the magnetic conductive yoke includes a bottom wall; the central magnet is located on the side of the bottom wall of the magnetic conductive yoke close to the main vibrating film; the central magnetic part is a central hollow structure.
  • the central magnetic part includes a magnetic conducting yoke 4 and a magnet 5; the magnetic conducting yoke 4 includes a bottom wall 41;
  • the central magnet 5 is located on the side of the bottom wall 41 of the magnetic yoke 4 close to the main diaphragm 2;
  • the central magnetic part is a hollow structure; that is, the bottom wall 41 of the magnetic yoke 3 is hollow in the center, and the central magnet 5 is a ring
  • the shape of the structure surrounds the hollow edge of the bottom wall 41 of the magnetic yoke 3 .
  • the middle magnetic part of the present invention surrounds the outer side of the central magnet, and a magnetic gap for accommodating the voice coil is formed between the central magnet and the side magnetic part; in the embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the side wall 42 formed by the edge of the 41 extends vertically upward, the side wall 42 forms the side magnetic part, and the magnetic gap is formed between the side wall 42 of the magnetic yoke 4 and the center magnet 5 for accommodating the voice coil 3 .
  • the side magnets can also be fixed by fixing side magnets on the edge of the bottom wall of the magnetic conducting yoke, and a magnetic gap for accommodating the voice coil is formed between the side magnets and the center magnet.
  • the side magnets can further enhance the magnetic field strength at the magnetic gap in the speaker and greatly improve the sensitivity of the sound generator.
  • the magnetic circuit system of the sound generator of the present invention also includes a central magnetic conducting plate 51 connected and fixed on the top surface of the central magnet.
  • the magnetic field lines in the magnetic gap are denser to increase the driving force of the magnetic circuit system, so that the speaker can obtain better acoustic performance.
  • the sound generator further includes:
  • the annular frame 6 located on the inner side of the central hollow edge of the central magnetic portion 5 is connected and fixed on the main diaphragm 2;
  • An end of the annular frame 6 away from the main diaphragm 2 is connected and fixed with a secondary diaphragm 7, and the outer edge of the secondary diaphragm 7 is connected and fixed with the central hollow edge of the central magnetic part; the secondary diaphragm 7 is fixed by the magnetic circuit system. The side facing away from the main diaphragm 2 is exposed.
  • the design of the annular frame 6 and the auxiliary diaphragm 7 can effectively improve the polarization phenomenon generated when the main diaphragm vibrates.
  • the design that the annular skeleton is located at the central hollow of the central magnetic part can effectively reduce the weight of the vibration system and avoid affecting the sensitivity of the sound generator compared to the design of adding a centering piece to the voice coil.
  • the torque between the auxiliary diaphragm and the main diaphragm can be effectively increased, the utilization rate of the rear acoustic cavity is improved, and the polarization effect is more obvious, and the vibration of the diaphragm is not affected. Sensitivity, and the assembly process is low in difficulty, and the level of the secondary diaphragm is easy to ensure.
  • the main diaphragm 2 Considering the vibration balance between the main diaphragm and the auxiliary diaphragm in the sound generator, avoid introducing other additional factors that cause polarization between the two diaphragms.
  • the main diaphragm 2 In the vibration direction of the main diaphragm 2, the main diaphragm 2, the auxiliary diaphragm
  • the membrane 7 , the voice coil 3 and the annular frame 6 are arranged coaxially.
  • the material of the annular frame includes but is not limited to Paper (paper), Kapton (polyimide (PI) film material), foam material, carbon fiber material, aluminum foil/magnesium-aluminum alloy/magnesium-lithium alloy and other metal materials , PEN (polyethylene naphthalate)/PI (polyimide)/LCP (Liquid Crystal Polymer)/PC (polycarbonate)/PPA (Polyphthalamide) and other plastics materials, or porous materials, etc.
  • Paper paper
  • Kapton polyimide (PI) film material
  • foam material carbon fiber material
  • PEN polyethylene naphthalate
  • PI polyimide
  • LCP Liquid Crystal Polymer
  • PC polycarbonate
  • PPA Polyphthalamide
  • the annular skeleton can form a short-circuit ring and the magnetic field of the central magnetic part to generate mutual inductance, so as to improve the integrity and coherence of the magnetic field and the application efficiency of the magnetic field.
  • the length of the annular frame 6 is greater than the length of the voice coil 3, so as to increase the mutual inductance area between the annular frame 6 and the center magnet 5, to obtain a better polarization effect, and effectively reduce the product's effect. Distortion, improve the low-frequency performance of the product, and the configuration process is simple, the structure is stable and reliable.
  • the material of the annular skeleton is any one of silver, copper, aluminum, and the like.
  • a reinforcing part is usually fixed on the central part of the diaphragm, and the reinforcing part can also be referred to as DOME, dome top, and composite layer are used to adjust the acoustic performance of the sound generator.
  • the reinforcing part is made of a metal material with high rigidity and light weight, or a composite layer structure made of a variety of materials.
  • the strong part can be combined and fixed with the diaphragm as a separate component, and in some embodiments, the reinforcing part and the central part of the diaphragm can be integrally injection-molded.
  • the main diaphragm 2 includes a central portion 21, a ring portion 22 arranged around the central portion 21, and a fixing portion 23 arranged around the ring portion 22.
  • the fixing portion 23 is used for connecting with the housing.
  • the central part 21 includes a reinforcing part 24; the reinforcing part 24 and the voice coil 3 are located on the opposite sides of the main diaphragm 2.
  • the vibration The central part of the membrane corresponds to the position of the reinforcing part to form a hollow, and the reinforcing part covers the hollow formed by the removal of the material.
  • the end of the annular frame 6 away from the auxiliary diaphragm 7 passes through the main diaphragm. 2.
  • the hollow joint of the central portion 21 is fixed on the reinforcing portion 24, as shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2 .
  • the reinforcing part can also be located on the same side of the main diaphragm as the voice coil, and the end of the annular frame away from the auxiliary diaphragm is combined and fixed on the reinforcing part; or the end of the annular frame away from the auxiliary diaphragm The ends of the diaphragm are combined and fixed on the central part of the main diaphragm, and the reinforcing part is located on the central part inside the edge of the annular frame.
  • the sub-diaphragm 7 includes a center portion 71 , a ring portion 72 disposed around the center portion 71 , and a fixing portion 73 disposed around the ring portion 72
  • the center portion 71 of the sub-diaphragm 7 is a plane sheet-shaped structure
  • the sub-diaphragm folded ring portion is a structure composed of a protrusion
  • the sub-diaphragm 7 folded ring portion 72 is a wavy structure composed of at least one protrusion and at least one depression as shown in the structure shown in the figure.
  • one end of the annular frame 6 away from the main diaphragm 2 is connected and fixed on the central portion 71 of the secondary diaphragm 7 .
  • one end of the annular frame 6 away from the main diaphragm 2 is connected and fixed on the folded ring portion 72 of the secondary diaphragm 7 .
  • the present invention provides the following optional embodiments.
  • the hollow edge of the bottom wall 41 of the magnetic conductive yoke 4 includes a missing portion 411 , and the outer edge of the secondary diaphragm 7 is connected and fixed to the central magnet 5 corresponding to the missing portion 411 . on the bottom surface.
  • the advantage is that the radial volume of the central magnet can be increased relative to the bottom wall of the magnetic yoke to provide more magnetic field force, and the connection between the outer edge of the secondary diaphragm and the central hollow edge of the central magnetic part can be fixed by the bottom wall of the magnetic yoke. It is carried out on the side away from the vibration system, the process is more convenient and concise, and it will not affect the rear acoustic cavity inside the main diaphragm.
  • the hollow edge of the bottom wall of the magnetic conductive yoke includes an inwardly extending extension portion, and the outer edge of the secondary diaphragm is connected and fixed on the top surface of the extension portion.
  • the extension part of the bottom wall of the magnetic yoke can completely cover the magnetic field lines of the central magnet, preventing the magnetic field of the central magnet from leaking outward, and effectively improving the overall sensitivity and loudness of the sound generator.
  • the outer edge of the auxiliary diaphragm is sandwiched and fixed between the central magnet and the bottom wall of the magnetic conductive yoke.
  • the outer edge of the secondary diaphragm can be fixed with the bottom surface of the hollow edge of the center magnet and the top surface of the hollow edge of the bottom wall of the magnetic conductive yoke at the same time.
  • the secondary diaphragm 7 is exposed from the side of the magnetic circuit system away from the main diaphragm 2, and the secondary diaphragm 7 can be used as a passive radiator. It is superimposed on the sound output side of the main diaphragm to enhance the sound output effect of the sound generator.
  • the side surface of the secondary diaphragm 7 away from the main diaphragm 2 is directly exposed to the outside of the casing 1 , serving as the secondary diaphragm of the passive radiator.
  • the passive sound of the diaphragm 7 is directly radiated to the outside.
  • the passive sound effect of the secondary diaphragm 7 that radiates directly can be diffracted to the sound output side of the main diaphragm 2 through the electronic product housing.
  • the active sound output effect of the main diaphragm 2 is superimposed on the sound output side of the main diaphragm 2 to achieve the beneficial effect of enhancing the sound output effect of the sound generator while improving the polarization of the product and improving the performance of the product.
  • the rear acoustic cavity of the sound generator includes a space between the side surface of the auxiliary diaphragm 7 facing away from the main diaphragm 2 and the casing 1 A tuning cavity 8 is formed, and the tuning cavity 8 communicates with the rear acoustic cavity.
  • the secondary diaphragm 7, which is a passive radiator is indirectly radiated by the passive sound output effect, and the passive sound output effect is modulated by the tuning cavity 8 and then passes through the rear acoustic cavity to act on the sound output side of the main diaphragm 2, which is different from the main diaphragm 2.
  • the active sound output effect of the membrane 2 is superimposed on the sound output side of the main diaphragm 2, so as to achieve the beneficial effect of enhancing the sound output effect of the sound generator while improving the polarization of the product and improving the performance of the product.
  • the tuning cavity 8 includes an acoustic material.
  • the acoustic material is used to absorb part of the sound energy, which is equivalent to expanding the volume of the acoustic cavity behind the sound generator, thereby reducing the low frequency response frequency of the sound generator and expanding the bandwidth.
  • the acoustic material includes but is not limited to sound-absorbing powder, sound-absorbing cotton, etc.
  • the material of the sound-absorbing powder is one or more mixtures of activated carbon, natural zeolite powder, molecular sieve, polysilicon or nanotubes, but it is not limited to the above-mentioned ones.
  • the present invention does not limit the material as long as it has a sound-absorbing function of powder or fine particle material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
  • Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)

Abstract

本申请公开了一种发声器，包括：壳体；与壳体形成固定连接的振动系统以及磁路系统；振动系统包括主振膜及音圈；磁路系统包括边磁部以及中心磁部；中心磁部包括导磁轭以及中心磁铁；导磁轭包括底壁；中心磁铁位于导磁轭底壁的靠近主振膜一侧；所述中心磁部为中央镂空的结构；中心磁铁与边磁部之间形成容纳音圈的磁间隙；发声器还包括有：位于中心磁部中央镂空边沿内侧的连接固定于主振膜上的环形骨架；环形骨架的远离主振膜的一端连接固定有副振膜，副振膜的外侧边缘与中心磁部的中央镂空边缘连接固定。本申请可减少发声器结构中振膜振动时产生的偏振，提高产品中低频的出音效果。

Description

一种发声器 技术领域
本实用新型涉及电声转换技术领域。更具体地，涉及一种发声器。
背景技术
目前，发声器作为具有音频播放功能的终端的重要部件，已得到广泛应用。一些终端，尤其是便携终端，如手机、平板电脑、耳机能够为发声器提供的安装空间非常有限，因此，现有的能够应用于狭小安装空间的发声器，通常采用单个振膜正面发声的结构。
现有单个振膜正面发声发声器会因振膜中央部、音圈尺寸过大出现明显的偏振问题，偏振容易导致音圈与磁路系统擦碰，引入杂音，影响发声器的声学效果。由此本领域技术人员通过在音圈上添加定心支片的设计，抑制音圈的偏振问题。但上述方式的缺陷也比较明显，例如为了使定心支片与音圈粘接的更加牢固，需要增大定心支片与音圈的粘结力而增大了定心支片侧壁部分的面积，势必会增大振动系统的重量，从而影响到发声器中频的灵敏度。定心支片位于音圈上力臂较短，致使定心支片整体的弹性作用力过小，改善偏振效果以及发声器中低频效果并不明显，且影响振膜振动灵敏度，装配工艺难度高，定心支片水平度难以保证。
实用新型内容
鉴于上述问题，本实用新型的目的在于提供一种发声器。以减少发声器结构中振膜振动时产生的偏振同时，提高产品中低频的出音效果。
为达到上述目的，本实用新型采用下述技术方案：
根据本实用新型的一个方面，本实用新型提供一种发声器，包括：
壳体；
与壳体形成固定连接的振动系统以及磁路系统；所述振动系统包括主振膜及与主振膜结合固定的音圈；
所述磁路系统包括边磁部以及中心磁部；
所述中心磁部包括导磁轭以及中心磁铁；
导磁轭包括底壁；所述中心磁铁位于导磁轭底壁的靠近主振膜一侧；所述中心磁部为中央镂空的结构；
边磁部围绕在中心磁铁外侧，中心磁铁与边磁部之间形成容纳音圈的磁间 隙；
所述发声器还包括有：
位于中心磁部中央镂空边沿内侧的连接固定于主振膜上的环形骨架；
环形骨架的远离主振膜的一端连接固定有副振膜，所述副振膜的外侧边缘与中心磁部的中央镂空边缘连接固定；
所述副振膜由磁路系统的背离主振膜的一侧暴露出。
此外，优选地方案是，在主振膜振动方向上，所述环形骨架的长度大于所述音圈的长度。
此外，优选地方案是，所述主振膜包括中央部、围绕中心部设置的折环部以及围绕折环部设置的固定部，中央部上包括有补强部；
所述补强部与所述音圈位于所述主振膜两相对侧，所述环形骨架的远离副振膜的端部结合固定在所述振膜中央部上；或者所述环形骨架的远离副振膜的端部穿过主振膜中央部结合固定在所述补强部上；
或者，所述补强部与所述音圈位于所述主振膜同侧，所述环形骨架的远离副振膜的端部结合固定于所述补强部上；或者所述环形骨架的远离副振膜的端部结合固定于主振膜中央部上，补强部位于所述环形骨架边沿内侧的中央部上。
此外，优选地方案是，所述副振膜包括中心部、围绕中心部设置的折环部以及围绕折环部设置的固定部，所述副振膜的中心部为平面片状结构，所述折环部为由一个凸起构成的结构，或者所述折环部为由至少一个凸起和至少一个凹陷构成的波浪形结构；
所述环形骨架的远离主振膜的一端连接固定在所述副振膜的中心部上，或者折环部上。
此外，优选地方案是，所述主振膜、副振膜、音圈以及环形骨架呈同轴设置。
此外，优选地方案是，所述导磁轭底壁的镂空边缘包括有缺失部，所述副振膜的外侧边缘连接固定在所述缺失部所对应的中心磁铁的底面上；
或者，所述导磁轭底壁的镂空边缘包括有向内延伸的延伸部，所述副振膜的外侧边缘连接固定在所述延伸部的顶面上；
或者，所述副振膜的外侧边缘被夹设固定在所述中心磁铁与导磁轭底壁之间。
此外，优选地方案是，所述环形骨架由低电阻率的材质制成；该环形骨架 的材质为银、铜、铝等的任意一种。
此外，优选地方案是，所述导磁轭包括自所述底壁边缘垂直向上延伸而成的侧壁，所述侧壁形成所述边磁部；
或者，所述底壁边缘固定有边磁铁，所述边磁铁形成所述边磁部。
此外，优选地方案是，所述副振膜的背离主振膜的一侧表面暴露于所述壳体外。
此外，优选地方案是，所述副振膜的背离主振膜的一侧表面与所述壳体之间形成调谐腔；所述调谐腔内包括有声学材料。
本实用新型的有益效果如下：
本实用新型技术方案中，利用环形骨架与副振膜的设计可有效改善主振膜振动时产生的偏振现象。副振膜可作为无源辐射器，副振膜被动出声效果，可与主振膜主动出声效果在主振膜出音侧得到叠加，增强发声器的出声效果。
本实用新型技术方案中，环形骨架与中心磁部磁场间可产生互感作用，提高磁场的整体性、连贯性以及磁场的应用效率，获得更好的改善偏振效果，可有效地降低产品的失真，提高产品中低频性能。且本实用新型技术方案装配工艺简单，结构稳定可靠。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本实用新型的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明。
图1示出一种实施方式的本实用新型所提供发声器的侧面剖视示意图。
图2示出图1所示发声器结构的一种可选实施方式的侧面剖视示意图。
图3示出另一种实施方式的本实用新型所提供发声器的侧面剖视示意图。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图来详细描述本实用新型的各种示例性实施例。应注意到：除非另外具体说明，否则在这些实施例中阐述的部件和步骤的相对布置、数字表达式和数值不限制本实用新型的范围。
以下对至少一个示例性实施例的描述实际上仅仅是说明性的，决不作为对本实用新型及其应用或使用的任何限制。
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术和设备应当被视为说明书的一部分。
在这里示出和讨论的所有例子中，任何具体值应被解释为仅仅是示例性 的，而不是作为限制。因此，示例性实施例的其它例子可以具有不同的值。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步讨论。
本实用新型提供一种发声器，首先结合图1所示，该发声器包括：
壳体1；
与壳体1形成固定连接的振动系统以及磁路系统；所述振动系统包括主振膜2及与主振膜2结合固定的音圈3；特别的，所述音圈包括骨架和音圈引线缠绕在所述骨架上形成的音圈本体，通电音圈本体在磁路系统形成的磁场中受安培力的作用振动，音圈振动带动振膜振动，振膜策动空气以使发声器发声。
磁路系统包括边磁部以及中心磁部；中心磁部包括导磁轭以及中心磁铁；
导磁轭包括底壁；中心磁铁位于导磁轭底壁的靠近主振膜一侧；中心磁部为中央镂空的结构。具体地，中心磁部包括导磁轭4以及磁铁5；导磁轭4包括底壁41；导磁轭4与壳体1形成相对固定，导磁轭4底壁41用以支撑中心磁铁5，图示结构中，中心磁铁5位于导磁轭4底壁41的靠近主振膜2一侧；中心磁部为中央镂空的结构；即导磁轭3底壁41中央镂空，中心磁铁5呈环状结构，围绕在导磁轭3底壁41的镂空边缘。
本实用新型中边磁部围绕在中心磁铁外侧，中心磁铁与边磁部之间形成容纳音圈的磁间隙；在图1所示实施方式中，所述导磁轭4包括自所述底壁41边缘垂直向上延伸而成的侧壁42，所述侧壁42形成所述边磁部，导磁轭4侧壁42与中心磁铁5间构成磁间隙，供容纳所述音圈3。在其它实施方式中，边磁部还可通过在导磁轭底壁边缘固定边磁铁，所述边磁铁与中心磁铁间构成供容纳所述音圈的磁间隙。边磁铁能够进一步增强扬声器内磁间隙处的磁场强度，大幅度提高发声器的灵敏度。另外本实用新型发声器的磁路系统还包括连接固定在所述中心磁铁顶面上的中心导磁板51，中心导磁板51与边磁部能够为磁路系统提供导磁作用，以使磁间隙中的磁力线更加密集，以增加磁路系统驱动力，使得扬声器获得更好的声学性能。
为解决振膜振动时偏振现象严重的问题，如图1或图2或图3所示，所述发声器还包括有：
位于中心磁部5中央镂空边沿内侧的连接固定于主振膜2上的环形骨架6；
环形骨架6的远离主振膜2的一端连接固定有副振膜7，所述副振膜7的外侧边缘与中心磁部的中央镂空边缘连接固定；所述副振膜7由磁路系统的背离主振膜2的一侧暴露出。
本实用新型技术方案中，利用环形骨架6与副振膜7的设计可有效改善主振膜振动时产生的偏振现象。此外，环形骨架位于中心磁部中央镂空处的设计，相较于通过在音圈上添加定心支片的设计，可有效减轻振动系统的重量，避免影响发声器灵敏度。相较于现有的通过延长音圈骨架连接副振膜的方式，可有效增加副振膜与主振膜之间力矩，提高后声腔利用率，改善偏振效果更加明显，不会影响振膜振动灵敏度，且装配工艺难度低，副振膜水平度容易保证。
考虑到发声器内主振膜以及副振膜间的振动平衡性，避免引入其它使两个振膜间产生偏振现象的额外因素，在主振膜2振动方向上，主振膜2、副振膜7、音圈3以及环形骨架6呈同轴设置。
可选地，环形骨架的材质包括但不限于Paper(纸质)、Kapton(聚酰亚胺(PI)薄膜材料)、发泡材料、碳纤维材料、铝箔/镁铝合金/镁锂合金等金属材料、PEN(聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯)/PI(聚酰亚胺)/LCP(Liquid Crystal Polymer液晶聚合物)/PC(聚碳酸酯)/PPA(Polyphthalamide聚邻苯二甲酰胺)等塑性材料、或多孔材料等。
本实用新型技术方案中，环形骨架可构成短路环与中心磁部磁场间产生互感作用，提高磁场的整体性、连贯性以及磁场的应用效率，在一种可选地实施方式中，在主振膜2振动方向上，所述环形骨架6的长度大于所述音圈3的长度，以增大环形骨架6与中心磁铁5间互感作用面积，获得更好的改善偏振效果，有效地降低产品的失真，提高产品中低频性能，且配工艺简单，结构稳定可靠。特别的，在此种情况下环形骨架电阻率越低改善偏振效果越好，由此可选地，所述环形骨架的材质为银、铜、铝等的任意一种。
在一种可选地实施方式中，为了增加振膜的刚性，提高振膜的高频振动性能，通常会在振膜的中央部上结合固定有补强部，补强部又可被称作DOME、球顶部、复合层，其作用在于能够对发声器的声学性能进行调节，通常补强部采用刚性大，重量轻的金属材质，或者采用由多种材料复合制成的复合层结构，补强部可作为单独构件与振膜结合固定，在一些实施方式中补强部与振膜中央部可一体注塑成型。
本实用新型所提供的发声器结构中，主振膜2包括中央部21、围绕中央部21设置的折环部22以及围绕折环部22设置的固定部23，固定部23用以与壳体形成固定连接，中央部21上包括有补强部24；所述补强部24与所述音圈3位于所述主振膜2两相对侧，为了降低振动系统质量，本领域一般会在振膜中央部对应补强部的位置去料形成镂空，补强部覆盖该去料所形成的镂空，本实 施方式中，所述环形骨架6的远离副振膜7的端部穿过主振膜2中央部21的镂空结合固定在所述补强部24上，如图1或者图2所示。
在一可选地的其它实施方式中，补强部也可与音圈位于主振膜同侧，环形骨架的远离副振膜的端部结合固定于补强部上；或者环形骨架的远离副振膜的端部结合固定于主振膜中央部上，补强部位于环形骨架边沿内侧的中央部上。
本案中，所述副振膜7包括中心部71、围绕中心部71设置的折环部72以及围绕折环部72设置的固定部73，所述副振膜7的中心部71为平面片状结构，所述副振膜折环部为由一个凸起构成的结构，或者如图示结构所述副振膜7折环部72为由至少一个凸起和至少一个凹陷构成的波浪形结构。具体地，图1所示结构中，所述环形骨架6的远离主振膜2的一端连接固定在所述副振膜7的中心部71上。图2所示结构中，所述环形骨架6的远离主振膜2的一端连接固定在所述副振膜7的折环部72上。根据环形骨架直径的不同调节其与副振膜连接固定的位置，可实现根据产品出声效果的不同，调节副振膜的灵敏度，以及副振膜对主振膜的改善偏振效果。
对于副振膜的外侧边缘与中心磁部的中央镂空边缘连接固定的形式，本实用新型提供如下几种可选实施方式。
在图1所示实施方式中，所述导磁轭4底壁41的镂空边缘包括有缺失部411，所述副振膜7的外侧边缘连接固定在所述缺失部411所对应的中心磁铁5的底面上。其优势在于能够在相对导磁轭底壁增加中心磁体径向体积，提供更多磁场力，且副振膜的外侧边缘与中心磁部的中央镂空边缘间的连接固定，可由导磁轭底壁背离振动系统的一侧进行，工艺更加方便简洁，不会对主振膜内侧后声腔造成影响。
在另一种可选的实施方式中，所述导磁轭底壁的镂空边缘包括有向内延伸的延伸部，所述副振膜的外侧边缘连接固定在所述延伸部的顶面上。导磁轭底壁延伸部能够完全覆盖中心磁铁磁力线，防止中心磁铁磁场向外泄露，有效提高发声器的整体灵敏度和响度。
或者，在另一种可选的实施方式中，所述副振膜的外侧边缘被夹设固定在所述中心磁铁与导磁轭底壁之间。此种方式副振膜外侧边缘能够同时与中心磁铁镂空边缘底面和导磁轭底壁镂空边缘顶面结合固定，固定效果以及强度更高，发声器跌落时副振膜不易脱离。
本案中，副振膜7由磁路系统的背离主振膜2的一侧暴露出，副振膜7可作为无源辐射器，副振膜被动出声效果可与主振膜主动出声效果在主振膜出音 侧得到叠加，增强发声器的出声效果。具体地，参见图1所示，图1所示发声器结构中，所述副振膜7的背离主振膜2的一侧表面直接暴露于壳体1外，作为无源辐射器的副振膜7被动出声直接向外辐射，在实际将发声器应用于电子产品中，直接向外辐射的副振膜7被动出声效果可通过电子产品壳体绕射至主振膜2出音侧，进而与主振膜2主动出声效果在主振膜2出音侧得到叠加，实现在改善产品的偏振提高产品性能的同时，增强发声器的出声效果的有益效果。
在一种可选的实施方式中，参见图3所示发声器结构，所述发声器后声腔包括有由副振膜7的背离主振膜2的一侧表面与所述壳体1之间形成的调谐腔8，调谐腔8与后声腔连通。此种结构时，作为无源辐射器的副振膜7被动出声效果间接向外辐射，被动出声效果经调谐腔8调制后经过后声腔作用于主振膜2出音侧，与主振膜2主动出声效果在主振膜2出音侧得到叠加，实现在改善产品的偏振提高产品性能的同时，增强发声器的出声效果的有益效果。
针对图3所示发声器结构，在一种可选的实施方式中，所述调谐腔8内包括有声学材料。声学材料用于吸收掉部分声能，等效于扩大发声器后声腔容积，从而达到降低发声器的低频响应频率、扩展带宽的效果。该声学材料包括但不限于吸音粉，吸音棉等，吸音粉的材质为活性炭、天然沸石粉、分子筛、多晶硅或纳米管中的一种或多种混合，但也并不限于上述的几种，只要具有吸声功能的粉状或微小颗粒材质均可，本发明不做限制。
显然，本实用新型的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本实用新型所作的举例，而并非是对本实用新型的实施方式的限定，对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动，这里无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举，凡是属于本实用新型的技术方案所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本实用新型的保护范围之列。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种发声器，其特征在于，包括：
    壳体；
    与壳体形成固定连接的振动系统以及磁路系统；所述振动系统包括主振膜及与主振膜结合固定的音圈；
    所述磁路系统包括边磁部以及中心磁部；
    所述中心磁部包括导磁轭以及中心磁铁；
    导磁轭包括底壁；所述中心磁铁位于导磁轭底壁的靠近主振膜一侧；所述中心磁部为中央镂空的结构；
    边磁部围绕在中心磁铁外侧，中心磁铁与边磁部之间形成容纳音圈的磁间隙；
    所述发声器还包括有：
    位于中心磁部中央镂空边沿内侧的连接固定于主振膜上的环形骨架；
    环形骨架的远离主振膜的一端连接固定有副振膜，所述副振膜的外侧边缘与中心磁部的中央镂空边缘连接固定；
    所述副振膜由磁路系统的背离主振膜的一侧暴露出。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的发声器，其特征在于，在主振膜振动方向上，所述环形骨架的长度大于所述音圈的长度。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的发声器，其特征在于，所述主振膜包括中央部、围绕中心部设置的折环部以及围绕折环部设置的固定部，中央部上包括有补强部；
    所述补强部与所述音圈位于所述主振膜两相对侧，所述环形骨架的远离副振膜的端部结合固定在所述振膜中央部上；或者所述环形骨架的远离副振膜的端部穿过主振膜中央部结合固定在所述补强部上；
    或者，所述补强部与所述音圈位于所述主振膜同侧，所述环形骨架的远离副振膜的端部结合固定于所述补强部上；或者所述环形骨架的远离副振膜的端部结合固定于主振膜中央部上，补强部位于所述环形骨架边沿内侧的中央部上。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的发声器，其特征在于，所述副振膜包括中心部、围绕中心部设置的折环部以及围绕折环部设置的固定部，所述副振膜的中心部为平面片状结构，所述折环部为由一个凸起构成的结构，或者所述折环部为由至少一个凸起和至少一个凹陷构成的波浪形结构；
    所述环形骨架的远离主振膜的一端连接固定在所述副振膜的中心部上，或 者折环部上。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的发声器，其特征在于，所述主振膜、副振膜、音圈以及环形骨架呈同轴设置。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的发声器，其特征在于，所述导磁轭底壁的镂空边缘包括有缺失部，所述副振膜的外侧边缘连接固定在所述缺失部所对应的中心磁铁的底面上；
    或者，所述导磁轭底壁的镂空边缘包括有向内延伸的延伸部，所述副振膜的外侧边缘连接固定在所述延伸部的顶面上；
    或者，所述副振膜的外侧边缘被夹设固定在所述中心磁铁与导磁轭底壁之间。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的发声器，其特征在于，所述环形骨架由低电阻率的材质制成；该环形骨架的材质为银、铜、铝等的任意一种。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的发声器，其特征在于，
    所述导磁轭包括自所述底壁边缘垂直向上延伸而成的侧壁，所述侧壁形成所述边磁部；
    或者，所述底壁边缘固定有边磁铁，所述边磁铁形成所述边磁部。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的发声器，其特征在于，所述副振膜的背离主振膜的一侧表面暴露于所述壳体外。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的发声器，其特征在于，所述副振膜的背离主振膜的一侧表面与所述壳体之间形成调谐腔；所述调谐腔内包括有声学材料。
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CN218734925U (zh) * 2022-06-30 2023-03-24 瑞声光电科技(常州)有限公司 发声器件
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