WO2022062093A1 - 一种轨道车辆及其车体和车钩承载结构 - Google Patents
一种轨道车辆及其车体和车钩承载结构 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022062093A1 WO2022062093A1 PCT/CN2020/127061 CN2020127061W WO2022062093A1 WO 2022062093 A1 WO2022062093 A1 WO 2022062093A1 CN 2020127061 W CN2020127061 W CN 2020127061W WO 2022062093 A1 WO2022062093 A1 WO 2022062093A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
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- coupler
- cantilever
- supporting
- support
- joist
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61G—COUPLINGS; DRAUGHT AND BUFFING APPLIANCES
- B61G7/00—Details or accessories
- B61G7/10—Mounting of the couplings on the vehicle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
- B61F1/00—Underframes
- B61F1/08—Details
- B61F1/10—End constructions
Definitions
- the present application relates to the technical field of rail vehicles, and in particular, to a rail vehicle and its body and coupler bearing structure.
- the coupler joist is required as a vertical support.
- the coupler as a connecting part of the rail vehicle, has the functions of buffering and energy absorption during the operation of the vehicle, especially during the collision of the vehicle, to protect the operation of the vehicle and the safety of the passengers to the greatest extent.
- the coupler joist is a "bridge" structure with a certain vertical load capacity. It is installed on the main load-bearing parts at the end of the car body to provide vertical support for the coupler. In order to realize the energy-absorbing effect of the coupler, the coupler will timely move in the direction of the longitudinal centerline of the vehicle during the running process of the vehicle.
- the coupler joist as the vertical support of the coupler, is fixed on the vehicle body joist at the end of the vehicle. There is relative movement between the coupler and the coupler joist in the direction of the longitudinal centerline of the vehicle.
- the existing coupler joists are connected with the vehicle body joists by means of fixing on both sides. During the energy absorption process of the coupler, the coupler joists are turned inward to ensure that the coupler has enough space for retreat.
- the existing coupler joist adopts an overturned structure, which leads to the problems of complex internal structure, unstable structure, and the inside space is occupied after being overturned, which is not conducive to the arrangement of other components such as the brake pipeline.
- the embodiments of the present application provide a rail vehicle and its body and coupler bearing structure.
- the coupler bearing structure has the advantages of simple structure, stable structure, convenient arrangement of other components, no need for the coupler joist to be turned over, and can ensure that the coupler has enough retreat space.
- a coupler bearing structure comprising a vehicle body joist and a coupler joist, wherein:
- the vehicle body joist includes a first vertical beam, a second vertical beam, a transverse beam, a first supporting cantilever and a second supporting cantilever; the transverse beam extends laterally and is opposite to the first vertical beam and the second supporting cantilever.
- the second vertical beam forms a U-shaped structure; the first supporting cantilever and the second supporting cantilever arranged opposite to each other are fixedly installed on the top of the cross beam, and the first supporting cantilever and the second supporting cantilever are along the The lengthwise arrangement of the beams;
- the end of the first support cantilever facing the second support cantilever and the end of the second support cantilever facing the first support cantilever are provided with guide chute for fixedly installing the coupler joist, the guide chute extends longitudinally;
- the coupler joist is a long block-like structure, overlapped between the first support cantilever and the second support cantilever, and is fixedly installed on the The first support cantilever and the top of the second support cantilever.
- both ends of the coupler joists are provided with fixing holes corresponding to the guide chute one-to-one, and the fasteners pass through the corresponding fixing holes and the guide chute sequentially .
- the coupler joist includes a mounting block and a support block
- the mounting block is overlapped between the first supporting cantilever and the second supporting cantilever, and one end of the first supporting cantilever and one end facing the second supporting cantilever are provided with one of the fixing hole;
- the support block is mounted on the top of the mounting block for supporting the coupler.
- the beam is a hollow structure.
- an end of the first support cantilever away from the second support cantilever is welded and connected to the first vertical beam
- One end of the second supporting cantilever away from the first supporting cantilever is welded and connected to the second vertical beam.
- the first supporting cantilever and the second supporting cantilever are symmetrical structures.
- both the first support cantilever and the second support cantilever include at least two support plates arranged in layers;
- the length of the support plate of the top layer is greater than the length of the support plate of the bottom layer.
- the guide chute is an oblong hole.
- a vehicle body includes an underframe and an end wall fixedly mounted on the end of the underframe, and further includes any coupler bearing load adopted by the above technical solution structure, the coupler bearing structure is fixedly mounted on the bottom of the end wall through the tops of the first vertical beam and the second vertical beam.
- a rail vehicle is provided, and the rail vehicle includes the vehicle body provided by the above technical solution.
- the coupler joist is cantilevered through the two support cantilevers, that is, the cantilever support structure is used to replace the existing coupler
- the bearing structures on both sides of the joist have the characteristics of simple structure, easy manufacture and easy operation; at the same time, both the first support cantilever and the second support cantilever are provided with longitudinally extending guide chutes, so that the coupler joists pass through the joist.
- the fasteners arranged on the guide chute are fixedly installed on the two supporting cantilevers, so that the coupler joist can slide longitudinally along the guide chute after the collision of the rail vehicle, without the coupler joist turning over, which not only replaces the coupler joist
- the overturning of the coupler can also ensure that the coupler has enough back space; because the body joist is a U-shaped structure, and the coupler joist is a long block structure, the above coupler bearing structure has the advantages of simple structure, stable structure, easy manufacturing and convenient for other Advantages of Component Arrangement.
- the above-mentioned coupler bearing structure has the characteristics of simple structure, stable structure, convenient arrangement of other components, no need for the coupler joist to be turned over, and can ensure that the coupler has enough retreat space.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle body end wall with a coupler and a coupler bearing structure according to an embodiment of the present application installed;
- FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle body end wall on which the coupler bearing structure according to an embodiment of the present application is installed;
- Fig. 3 is the partial enlarged structural representation of A part in Fig. 1;
- Fig. 4 is a partial enlarged structural schematic diagram of part B in Fig. 2;
- FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle body joist of a coupler bearing structure provided by an embodiment of the present application.
- the width direction of the rail vehicle is set as the lateral direction
- the length direction or the traveling direction of the rail vehicle is set as the longitudinal direction
- the height direction of the rail vehicle is set as the vertical or vertical direction.
- the embodiment of the present application provides a coupler bearing structure, as shown in the structures in FIGS. 1 and 2 , the coupler bearing structure is installed at the bottom of the end wall 4 of the vehicle body, corresponding to the position of the coupler 3 , and is used to provide the coupler 3 Vertical support force, as shown in the structures shown in Figures 3 and 4, the coupler bearing structure includes a vehicle body joist 1 and a coupler joist 2, wherein:
- the vehicle body joist 1 includes a first vertical beam 11, a second vertical beam 12, a cross beam 13, a first supporting cantilever 14 and a second supporting cantilever 15; the first vertical beam 11 and the second vertical beam 12 are arranged oppositely, the first vertical beam 11 and the second vertical beam 12 are both extended in the vertical direction and are arranged in parallel, the first vertical beam 11 and the second vertical beam 12 are arranged in the horizontal direction; the first vertical beam 11 and the second vertical beam 12 can be hollow structures; the beam 13 extends laterally, and forms a U-shaped structure with the first vertical beam 11 and the second vertical beam 12 arranged oppositely, that is, one end of the beam 13 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the first vertical beam 11.
- the cross beam 13 is also It can be a hollow structure; the oppositely arranged first support cantilever 14 and second support cantilever 15 are fixedly installed on the top of the beam 13, and the first support cantilever 14 and the second support cantilever 15 are arranged along the length direction of the beam 13; Figure 5 As shown in the structure, the first supporting cantilever 14 and the second supporting cantilever 15 are respectively fixedly installed on both ends of the beam 13 , the first supporting cantilever 14 is fixedly installed on one end of the beam 13 , and the second supporting cantilever 15 is fixedly installed on the other side of the beam 13 .
- the bottom of the first supporting cantilever 14 is fixedly installed on the top of the beam 13, and the bottom of the second supporting cantilever 15 is fixedly installed on the top of the beam 13;
- the first vertical beam 11, the second vertical beam 12 and the horizontal beam 13 adopt a hollow structure, It can reduce weight while ensuring structural strength and rigidity;
- the end of the first support cantilever 14 facing the second support cantilever 15 and the end of the second support cantilever 15 facing the first support cantilever 14 are provided with guide chute 16 for fixing the coupler joist 2.
- the guide chute 16 Extend along the longitudinal direction; as shown in the structure of FIG.
- the end of the coupler joist 2 is installed on the first support cantilever 14
- the end of the second support cantilever 15 where the coupler joist 2 is installed is provided with a guide chute 16, and the guide chute 16 is used to pass through the fasteners that fasten the coupler joist 2 and the support cantilever;
- the first support cantilever 14 and The second supporting cantilever 15 forms two mounting seats for supporting the coupler joist 2;
- the guide chute 16 can be an oblong hole, an oval hole or an elongated hole;
- the coupler joist 2 is overlapped between the first support cantilever 14 and the second support cantilever 15, and is fixedly installed on the first support cantilever 14 and the second support cantilever 15 through a fastener (not shown in the figure) passing through the guide chute 16
- the coupler joist 2 is cantilevered by the two supporting cantilevers, that is, the cantilever support is adopted.
- the structure replaces the two side bearing structures of the existing coupler joist 2, and has the characteristics of simple structure, easy manufacture and easy operation; at the same time, the first support cantilever 14 and the second support cantilever 15 are provided with longitudinally extending guide slides.
- the coupler joist 2 is fixedly installed on the two support cantilevers through the fasteners passing through the guide chute 16, so that the coupler joist 2 can slide longitudinally along the guide chute 16 after the rail vehicle collides, There is no need to turn the coupler joist 2, which not only replaces the overturning of the coupler joist 2, but also ensures that the coupler 3 has enough space for retreat; because the vehicle body joist 1 is a U-shaped structure, and the coupler joist 2 is a long block.
- the above-mentioned coupler bearing structure has the advantages of simple structure, stable structure, easy manufacture and convenient arrangement of other components.
- the above-mentioned coupler bearing structure has the characteristics of simple structure, stable structure, convenient arrangement of other components, no need for the coupler joist 2 to be turned over, and can ensure that the coupler 3 has enough retreat space.
- the coupler joist 2 in order to firmly fix and install the coupler joist 2 on the vehicle body joist 1, as shown in the structures of FIGS.
- the grooves 16 correspond to the fixing holes 21 one by one, and the fasteners pass through the corresponding fixing holes 21 and the guide chute 16 in sequence.
- the fasteners are passed through the corresponding guide chute 16 and the fixing hole 21, so that the coupler joist 2 is fixedly installed on the first support
- the cantilever 14 and the second supporting cantilever 15; the fasteners can be threaded bolts and nuts, or rivets; when the coupler joist 2 is fastened through the threaded bolts and nuts, the coupler joist 2 can be easily disassembled , adjustment and replacement.
- the coupler joist 2 can be an integral structure or a split structure; when the coupler joist 2 is a split structure, it can include a mounting block 22 and a support block 23; the mounting block 22 is used to realize Fixed installation with the vehicle body joist 1; the support block 23 is used to support the coupler 3 to provide vertical support force to the coupler 3; the mounting block 22 is overlapped with the first support cantilever 14 and the second support cantilever 15 , and a fixing hole 21 is provided at one end facing the first supporting cantilever 14 and one end facing the second supporting cantilever 15 ;
- the coupler joist 2 is of a split structure, during preparation or assembly, it can be separately manufactured, processed or assembled, which is beneficial to reduce the difficulty of preparation or assembly.
- two fixing holes 21 can be respectively provided at both ends of the mounting block 22 . Two fasteners for fixed connection.
- the end of the first supporting cantilever 14 away from the second supporting cantilever 15 can also be welded to the first vertical beam 11 , and the second supporting cantilever 15 can be separated from the first vertical beam 11 by welding.
- One end of the first supporting cantilever 14 is connected to the second vertical beam 12 by welding; through the welding connection between the first supporting cantilever 14 and the first vertical beam 11 and the welding between the second supporting cantilever 15 and the second vertical beam 12 Connection, the first support cantilever 14 , the cross beam 13 , the first vertical beam 11 , the second support cantilever 15 and the second vertical beam 12 are firmly connected into one body to provide stable and reliable support for the coupler 3 .
- the first supporting cantilever 14 and the second supporting cantilever 15 are symmetrical structures, and the first supporting cantilever 14 and the second supporting cantilever 15 are symmetrically arranged along the axis of symmetry in the vertical direction, so that the coupler joist 2 can Provide uniform support to coupler 3.
- Both the first supporting cantilever 14 and the second supporting cantilever 15 include at least two supporting plates arranged in layers. As shown in the structure of FIG.
- the first supporting cantilever 14 is provided with three layers of supporting plates, but the width of each layer of supporting plates can be the same Or different, the length of each layer of support plates is different, in order to facilitate the assembly and fastening, the length of the support plate of the top layer is greater than that of the bottom layer of the support plate in the lateral direction, that is, the support plate of the top layer is longer than the support plate of the lower layer, and The part of the top support plate protruding from the bottom support plate in the lateral direction is at least larger than the width of the guide chute 16, and also to meet the needs of assembly.
- the embodiment of the present application also provides a vehicle body, which includes an underframe, an end wall 4 fixedly installed at the end of the underframe, and any of the coupler bearing structures provided in the above-mentioned embodiments.
- a vehicle body which includes an underframe, an end wall 4 fixedly installed at the end of the underframe, and any of the coupler bearing structures provided in the above-mentioned embodiments.
- the tops of the first vertical beam 11 and the second vertical beam 12 are fixedly installed on the bottom of the end wall 4, for example, the top of the first vertical beam 11 and the top of the second vertical beam 12 are welded and connected to the end wall 4. Bottom of end wall 4.
- An embodiment of the present application further provides a rail vehicle, the rail vehicle includes the vehicle body provided in the above-mentioned embodiments, a coupler 3 is fixedly mounted on the end of the vehicle body, one end of the coupler 3 is fixedly mounted on the mounting seat of the coupler 3, and The other end is supported by any of the coupler bearing structures provided in the above embodiments.
Abstract
一种轨道车辆及其车体和车钩承载结构，该轨道车辆包括车体，该车体包括底架、固定安装于底架端部的端墙(4)以及通过第一竖梁(11)和第二竖梁(12)的顶部固定安装于端墙(4)的底部的车钩承载结构，该车钩承载结构包括车体托梁(1)和车钩托梁(2)，车体托梁(1)的横梁(13)与第一竖梁(11)和第二竖梁(12)形成U型结构，相对设置的第一支撑悬臂(14)和第二支撑悬臂(15)均固定安装于横梁(13)的顶部，在第一支撑悬臂(14)朝向第二支撑悬臂(15)的一端、以及在第二支撑悬臂(15)朝向第一支撑悬臂(14)的一端均设有沿纵向延伸的导向滑槽(16)，车钩托梁(2)搭接于第一、二支撑悬臂(14,15)之间，并通过穿设于导向滑槽(16)的紧固件固定安装于第一、二支撑悬臂(14,15)的顶部。该车钩承载结构具有结构简单、结构稳定、便于其它部件布置、无需车钩托梁(2)翻转且能保证车钩(3)具有足够后退空间的特点。
Description
本申请涉及轨道车辆技术领域，具体地，涉及一种轨道车辆及其车体和车钩承载结构。
国内轨道客车多采用13/15号车钩，该车钩安装在车辆端部时，均需车钩托梁作为垂向支撑。车钩作为轨道车辆的连接部件，在车辆运行过程中，尤其是车辆发生碰撞过程中具有缓冲、吸能的作用，最大程度保护车辆运行及乘客的安全。车钩托梁是自身具有一定垂向载荷能力的“桥型”结构，安装于车体端部主要的承载部件上，为车钩提供垂向支撑力。为了实现车钩发挥吸能作用，在车辆运行过程中，车钩在车辆纵向中心线方向上会适时移动。车钩托梁作为车钩的垂向支撑，固定于车辆端部的车体托梁上。车钩与车钩托梁之间，在车辆纵向中心线方向上，存在相对运动。
现有车钩托梁通过两侧固定的方式与车体托梁相连。在车钩吸能过程中，车钩托梁采取向内侧翻转的方式来保证车钩有足够的后退空间。但是现有车钩托梁采用翻转结构，导致内部结构复杂、结构不稳定、翻转之后会占用内侧空间而不利于制动管路等其它部件布置的问题。
发明内容
本申请实施例中提供了一种轨道车辆及其车体和车钩承载结构，该车钩承载结构具有结构简单、结构稳定、便于其它部件布置、无需车钩托梁翻转且能保证车钩具有足够后退空间的特点。
根据本申请实施例的第一个方面，提供了一种车钩承载结构，该车钩承载结构包括车体托梁和车钩托梁，其中：
所述车体托梁包括第一竖梁、第二竖梁、横梁、第一支撑悬臂以及第二支撑悬臂；所述横梁沿横向延伸，并与相对设置的所述第一竖梁和所述第二竖梁形成U型结构；相对设置的所述第一支撑悬臂和所述第二支撑悬臂均固定安装于所述横梁的顶部，所述第一支撑悬臂和所述第二支撑悬臂沿所述横梁的长度方向排列；
在所述第一支撑悬臂朝向所述第二支撑悬臂的一端、以及在所述第二支撑悬臂朝向所述第一支撑悬臂的一端均设置有用于固定安装所述车钩托梁的导向滑槽，所述导向滑槽沿纵向延伸；
所述车钩托梁为长条块状结构，搭接于所述第一支撑悬臂和所述第二支撑悬臂之间，并通过穿设于所述导向滑槽的紧固件固定安装于所述第一支撑悬臂和所述第二支撑悬臂的顶部。
在一些可选的实现方式中，在所述车钩托梁的两端均设置有与所述导向滑槽一一对应的固定孔，所述紧固件依次穿过对应的固定孔和导向滑槽。
在一些可选的实现方式中，所述车钩托梁包括安装块和支撑块；
所述安装块搭接于所述第一支撑悬臂和所述第二支撑悬臂之间，并在朝向所述第一支撑悬臂的一端和朝向所述第二支撑悬臂的一端均设置有一个所述固定孔；
所述支撑块安装于所述安装块的顶部，用于支撑车钩。
在一些可选的实现方式中，所述横梁为中空结构。
在一些可选的实现方式中，所述第一支撑悬臂背离所述第二支撑悬臂的一端与所述第一竖梁焊接连接；
所述第二支撑悬臂背离所述第一支撑悬臂的一端与所述第二竖梁焊接连接。
在一些可选的实现方式中，所述第一支撑悬臂和所述第二支撑悬臂为对称结构。
在一些可选的实现方式中，所述第一支撑悬臂和所述第二支撑悬臂均为包 括层叠设置的至少两个支撑板；
沿横向方向，顶层的支撑板的长度大于底层的支撑板的长度。
在一些可选的实现方式中，所述导向滑槽为长圆孔。
根据本申请实施例的第二个方面，提供了一种车体，该车体包括底架和固定安装于所述底架端部的端墙，还包括上述技术方案通过的任意一种车钩承载结构，所述车钩承载结构通过第一竖梁和第二竖梁的顶部固定安装于所述端墙的底部。
根据本申请实施例的第三个方面，提供了一种轨道车辆，该轨道车辆包括上述技术方案提供的车体。
采用本申请实施例中提供的轨道车辆及其车体和车钩承载结构，具有以下有益效果：
由于上述车钩承载结构在车体托梁的横梁上设置有相对的第一支撑悬臂以及第二支撑悬臂，通过两个支撑悬臂对车钩托梁进行悬臂支撑，即，采用悬臂支撑结构代替现有车钩托梁的两侧承载结构，具有结构简单、制造容易、易于操作的特点；同时，在第一支撑悬臂和第二支撑悬臂上均设置有沿纵向延伸的导向滑槽，将车钩托梁通过穿设于导向滑槽的紧固件固定安装于两个支撑悬臂上，使得轨道车辆在发生碰撞后车钩托梁可以沿导向滑槽沿纵向滑动，无需车钩托梁翻转，从而不仅代替了车钩托梁的翻转，还能保证车钩具有足够的后退空间；由于车体托梁为U型结构、且车钩托梁为长条块状结构，上述车钩承载结构具有结构简单、结构稳定、制造容易且便于其它部件布置的优点。
因此，上述车钩承载结构具有结构简单、结构稳定、便于其它部件布置、无需车钩托梁翻转且能保证车钩具有足够后退空间的特点。
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不 当限定。在附图中：
图1为安装有车钩和本申请实施例的车钩承载结构的车体端墙的结构示意图；
图2为安装有本申请实施例的车钩承载结构的车体端墙的结构示意图；
图3为图1中A部分的局部放大结构示意图；
图4为图2中B部分的局部放大结构示意图；
图5为本申请实施例提供的车钩承载结构的车体托梁的结构示意图。
附图标记：
1-车体托梁；2-车钩托梁；3-车钩；4-端墙；
11-第一竖梁；12-第二竖梁；13-横梁；14-第一支撑悬臂；15-第二支撑悬臂；16-导向滑槽；
21-固定孔；22-安装块；23-支撑块。
为了使本申请实施例中的技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图对本申请的示例性实施例进行进一步详细的说明，显然，所描述的实施例仅是本申请的一部分实施例，而不是所有实施例的穷举。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。
在本申请实施例中，将轨道车辆的宽度方向设定为横向，将轨道车辆的长度方向或行进方向设定为纵向，并将轨道车辆的高度方向设定为垂向或竖直方向。
实施例一
本申请实施例提供了一种车钩承载结构，如图1和图2结构所示，该车钩承载结构安装在车体的端墙4底部，与车钩3的位置相对应，用于为车钩3提供垂向支撑力，如图3和图4结构所示，该车钩承载结构包括车体托梁1和车钩托梁2，其中：
如图5结构所示，车体托梁1包括第一竖梁11、第二竖梁12、横梁13、第一支撑悬臂14以及第二支撑悬臂15；第一竖梁11和第二竖梁12相对设置，第一竖梁11和第二竖梁12均沿竖直方向延伸且平行设置，第一竖梁11和第二竖梁12沿横向排列；第一竖梁11和第二竖梁12均可以为中空结构；横梁13沿横向延伸，并与相对设置的第一竖梁11和第二竖梁12形成U型结构，即，横梁13的一端固定连接于第一竖梁11的底端、且另一端固定连接于第二竖梁12的底端，通过横梁13将第一竖梁11和第二竖梁12固定连接在一起，形成固定安装车钩托梁2的框架；横梁13也可以为中空结构；相对设置的第一支撑悬臂14和第二支撑悬臂15均固定安装于横梁13的顶部，第一支撑悬臂14和第二支撑悬臂15沿横梁13的长度方向排列；如图5结构所示，第一支撑悬臂14和第二支撑悬臂15分别固定安装于横梁13的两端，第一支撑悬臂14固定安装于横梁13的一端，第二支撑悬臂15固定安装于横梁13的另一端，第一支撑悬臂14的底部固定安装于横梁13的顶部，第二支撑悬臂15的底部固定安装于横梁13的顶部；第一竖梁11、第二竖梁12和横梁13采用中空结构，可以在保证结构强度和刚度的同时减轻重量；
在第一支撑悬臂14朝向第二支撑悬臂15的一端、以及在第二支撑悬臂15朝向第一支撑悬臂14的一端均设置有用于固定安装车钩托梁2的导向滑槽16，导向滑槽16沿纵向延伸；如图5结构所示，为了实现车钩托梁2的两端与第一支撑悬臂14和第二支撑悬臂15的固定安装，在第一支撑悬臂14安装车钩托梁2的端部以及第二支撑悬臂15安装车钩托梁2的端部均设置有导向滑槽16，导向滑槽16用于穿设紧固车钩托梁2和支撑悬臂的紧固件；第一支撑悬臂14和第二支撑悬臂15形成支承车钩托梁2的两个安装座；导向滑槽16可以为长圆孔、椭圆形孔或长条孔；
车钩托梁2搭接于第一支撑悬臂14和第二支撑悬臂15之间，并通过穿设于导向滑槽16的紧固件(图中未示出)固定安装于第一支撑悬臂14和第二支撑悬臂15的顶部；车钩托梁2的一端搭接在第一支撑悬臂14的悬臂端，车钩 托梁2的另一端搭接在第二支撑悬臂15的悬臂端，车钩托梁2跨接在相对设置的第一支撑悬臂14和第二支撑悬臂15上，形成“桥型”结构，车钩托梁2的顶部用于支撑车钩3。
由于上述车钩承载结构在车体托梁1的横梁13上设置有相对的第一支撑悬臂14以及第二支撑悬臂15，通过两个支撑悬臂对车钩托梁2进行悬臂支撑，即，采用悬臂支撑结构代替现有车钩托梁2的两侧承载结构，具有结构简单、制造容易、易于操作的特点；同时，在第一支撑悬臂14和第二支撑悬臂15上均设置有沿纵向延伸的导向滑槽16，将车钩托梁2通过穿设于导向滑槽16的紧固件固定安装于两个支撑悬臂上，使得轨道车辆在发生碰撞后车钩托梁2可以沿导向滑槽16沿纵向滑动，无需车钩托梁2翻转，从而不仅代替了车钩托梁2的翻转，还能保证车钩3具有足够的后退空间；由于车体托梁1为U型结构、且车钩托梁2为长条块状结构，上述车钩承载结构具有结构简单、结构稳定、制造容易且便于其它部件布置的优点。
因此，上述车钩承载结构具有结构简单、结构稳定、便于其它部件布置、无需车钩托梁2翻转且能保证车钩3具有足够后退空间的特点。
一种具体的实施方式中，为了将车钩托梁2牢固地固定安装于车体托梁1上，如图3和图4结构所示，在车钩托梁2的两端均设置有与导向滑槽16一一对应的固定孔21，紧固件依次穿过对应的固定孔21和导向滑槽16。在将车钩托梁2固定安装于第一支撑悬臂14和第二支撑悬臂15时，使紧固件穿过对应的导向滑槽16和固定孔21，使车钩托梁2固定安装于第一支撑悬臂14和第二支撑悬臂15；紧固件可以为螺纹配合地螺栓和螺母，也可以为铆钉；通过螺纹配合地螺栓和螺母对车钩托梁2进行紧固时，使得车钩托梁2方便拆卸、调节和更换。
如图4结构所示，车钩托梁2可以为整体结构，也可以为分体结构；当车钩托梁2为分体结构时，可以包括安装块22和支撑块23；安装块22用于实现与车体托梁1之间的固定安装；支撑块23用于实现对车钩3的支撑，以对车 钩3提供垂向支撑力；安装块22搭接于第一支撑悬臂14和第二支撑悬臂15之间，并在朝向第一支撑悬臂14的一端和朝向第二支撑悬臂15的一端均设置有一个固定孔21；支撑块23安装于安装块22的顶部，用于支撑车钩3。
由于车钩托梁2为分体结构，在制备或装配时，可以分别制造加工或装配，有利于降低制备难度或装配难度。为了提高车钩托梁2与车体托梁1之间的连接可靠性，还可以在安装块22的两端分别设置两个固定孔21，在进行装配时，在安装块22的每端分别采用两个紧固件进行固定连接。
在第一支撑悬臂14的底部与横梁13的顶部固定连接时，还可以将第一支撑悬臂14背离第二支撑悬臂15的一端与第一竖梁11焊接连接，并将第二支撑悬臂15背离第一支撑悬臂14的一端与第二竖梁12焊接连接；通过第一支撑悬臂14与第一竖梁11之间的焊接连接、以及第二支撑悬臂15与第二竖梁12之间的焊接连接，将第一支撑悬臂14、横梁13、第一竖梁11、第二支撑悬臂15以及第二竖梁12之间牢固地连接成一体，为车钩3提供稳定、可靠地支撑。
如图5结构所示，第一支撑悬臂14和第二支撑悬臂15为对称结构，第一支撑悬臂14和第二支撑悬臂15沿竖直方向的对称轴对称设置，使得通过车钩托梁2能够对车钩3提供均匀的支撑力。第一支撑悬臂14和第二支撑悬臂15均为包括层叠设置的至少两个支撑板，如图5结构所示，第一支撑悬臂14设置有三层支撑板，但是每层支撑板的宽度可以相同或者不同，每层支撑板的长度均不同，为了方便装配紧固，沿横向方向，顶层的支撑板的长度大于底层的支撑板的长度，即，顶层的支撑板要长于下层的支撑板，并且顶层支撑板在横向上突出于底层支撑板的部分至少要大于导向滑槽16的宽度，同时也是为了满足装配的需要。
实施例二
本申请实施例还提供了一种车体，该车体包括底架、固定安装于底架端部 的端墙4、以及上述实施例提供的任意一种车钩承载结构，车钩承载结构在固定安装于端墙4时，通过第一竖梁11和第二竖梁12的顶部固定安装于端墙4的底部，如：将第一竖梁11的顶部和第二竖梁12的顶部焊接连接于端墙4的底部。
实施例三
本申请实施例还提供了一种轨道车辆，该轨道车辆包括上述实施例提供的车体，在车体的端部固定安装有车钩3，车钩3的一端固定安装于车钩3安装座上，而另一端则被上述实施例提供的任意一种车钩承载结构进行支撑。
尽管已描述了本申请的优选实施例，但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念，则可对这些实施例作出另外的变更和修改。所以，所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本申请范围的所有变更和修改。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本申请进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请的精神和范围。这样，倘若本申请的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本申请也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。
Claims (10)
- 一种车钩承载结构，其特征在于，包括车体托梁和车钩托梁，其中：所述车体托梁包括第一竖梁、第二竖梁、横梁、第一支撑悬臂以及第二支撑悬臂；所述横梁沿横向延伸，并与相对设置的所述第一竖梁和所述第二竖梁形成U型结构；相对设置的所述第一支撑悬臂和所述第二支撑悬臂均固定安装于所述横梁的顶部，所述第一支撑悬臂和所述第二支撑悬臂沿所述横梁的长度方向排列；在所述第一支撑悬臂朝向所述第二支撑悬臂的一端、以及在所述第二支撑悬臂朝向所述第一支撑悬臂的一端均设置有用于固定安装所述车钩托梁的导向滑槽，所述导向滑槽沿纵向延伸；所述车钩托梁为长条块状结构，搭接于所述第一支撑悬臂和所述第二支撑悬臂之间，并通过穿设于所述导向滑槽的紧固件固定安装于所述第一支撑悬臂和所述第二支撑悬臂的顶部。
- 根据权利要求1所述的车钩承载结构，其特征在于，在所述车钩托梁的两端均设置有与所述导向滑槽一一对应的固定孔，所述紧固件依次穿过对应的固定孔和导向滑槽。
- 根据权利要求2所述的车钩承载结构，其特征在于，所述车钩托梁包括安装块和支撑块；所述安装块搭接于所述第一支撑悬臂和所述第二支撑悬臂之间，并在朝向所述第一支撑悬臂的一端和朝向所述第二支撑悬臂的一端均设置有一个所述固定孔；所述支撑块安装于所述安装块的顶部，用于支撑车钩。
- 根据权利要求1所述的车钩承载结构，其特征在于，所述横梁为中空结构。
- 根据权利要求1所述的车钩承载结构，其特征在于，所述第一支撑悬臂背离所述第二支撑悬臂的一端与所述第一竖梁焊接连接；所述第二支撑悬臂背离所述第一支撑悬臂的一端与所述第二竖梁焊接连接。
- 根据权利要求1所述的车钩承载结构，其特征在于，所述第一支撑悬臂和所述第二支撑悬臂为对称结构。
- 根据权利要求6所述的车钩承载结构，其特征在于，所述第一支撑悬臂和所述第二支撑悬臂均为包括层叠设置的至少两个支撑板；沿横向方向，顶层的支撑板的长度大于底层的支撑板的长度。
- 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的车钩承载结构，其特征在于，所述导向滑槽为长圆孔。
- 一种车体，包括底架和固定安装于所述底架端部的端墙，其特征在于，还包括如权利要求1-8中任意一项所述的车钩承载结构，所述车钩承载结构通过第一竖梁和第二竖梁的顶部固定安装于所述端墙的底部。
- 一种轨道车辆，其特征在于，包括如权利要求9所述的车体。
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