WO2022057297A1 - 电池热管理系统及方法 - Google Patents

电池热管理系统及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022057297A1
WO2022057297A1 PCT/CN2021/095003 CN2021095003W WO2022057297A1 WO 2022057297 A1 WO2022057297 A1 WO 2022057297A1 CN 2021095003 W CN2021095003 W CN 2021095003W WO 2022057297 A1 WO2022057297 A1 WO 2022057297A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery
port
heat exchange
valve
way valve
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/095003
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李晓辉
杨博智
杨琴
姚梦
Original Assignee
广州汽车集团股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 广州汽车集团股份有限公司 filed Critical 广州汽车集团股份有限公司
Priority to CN202180003912.2A priority Critical patent/CN114641887B/zh
Publication of WO2022057297A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022057297A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6561—Gases
    • H01M10/6563—Gases with forced flow, e.g. by blowers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6569—Fluids undergoing a liquid-gas phase change or transition, e.g. evaporation or condensation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of battery thermal management, in particular to a battery thermal management system and method.
  • An electric vehicle battery (EVB, also known as a traction battery) is a battery used to power the electric motor of an electric vehicle.
  • EVB electric vehicle battery
  • batteries generate excessive heat, so thermal management is required to improve the reliability and safety of electric vehicles.
  • Battery packs for electric vehicles have good temperature uniformity.
  • the battery thermal management system includes a battery, a battery heat exchange structure, a pump, at least one first valve, and one or more thermal regulation components.
  • the battery heat exchange structure includes a heat exchange channel passing through the battery, and the heat exchange channel has a first port and a second port.
  • a first cooling circulation loop is formed by connecting the first port of the pump to the first port of the battery heat exchange structure and connecting the second port of the pump to the second port of the battery heat exchange structure.
  • a second cooling circulation loop is formed by connecting the first port of the pump to the first port of the battery heat exchange structure and in turn connecting the second port of the pump to the one or more thermal conditioning components and the second port of the battery heat exchange structure .
  • the first valve is provided at each or one of two joint positions of the first cooling circuit and the second cooling circuit, and is configured to direct the coolant flowing through the first valve to the first cooling circuit or the second cooling circuit. Second cooling circuit.
  • the first port of the pump is the outlet of the pump and the second port of the pump is the inlet of the pump, or the first port of the pump is the inlet of the pump and the second port of the pump is the inlet of the pump.
  • the first valve is a three-way valve.
  • the battery thermal management system further includes a first control component connected to the first valve, the first control component being configured to: determine whether active heating or cooling of the battery is required; when active heating or cooling is not required; In the case of heating or cooling the battery, triggering the first valve to direct coolant flowing through the first valve into the first cooling circuit; and/or, in the case of active heating or cooling the battery, The first valve is activated to direct coolant flowing through the first valve into the second cooling circuit.
  • the first control component is configured to: determine that active heating or cooling of the battery is not required if the temperature of the battery does not exceed the temperature threshold; and determine that the battery temperature exceeds the temperature threshold if the temperature of the battery exceeds the temperature threshold Active heating or cooling of the battery is required.
  • the first end and the second end of the heat exchange channel through the battery serve as the first port and the second port of the battery heat exchange structure, respectively.
  • the battery heat exchange structure further includes at least one second valve, two ports of the second valve are connected to the first and second ends of the heat exchange passage through the battery, and the second valve has The remaining ports are used as the first port and the second port of the battery heat exchange structure.
  • the second valve is configured to change the flow direction of the coolant within the heat exchange channel through the battery.
  • the battery thermal management system further includes a second control component connected to the second valve and configured to send flow direction change commands to the second valve at preset intervals for The second valve is instructed to change the flow direction of the coolant within the heat exchange channel through the battery.
  • the two second valves are three-way valves, a first three-way valve and a second three-way valve, respectively, the first three-way valve of the first three-way valve.
  • the port and the second port are respectively connected with the first end and the second end of the heat exchange channel passing through the battery, and the third port of the first three-way valve serves as the first port of the battery heat exchange structure.
  • the first port and the second port of the second three-way valve are respectively connected with the first end and the second end of the heat exchange channel passing through the battery, and the third port of the second three-way valve serves as the second port of the battery heat exchange structure.
  • the first three-way valve has a first state in which the first port and the third port of the first three-way valve are connected, and a second state in which the first port and the third port of the first three-way valve are connected, and in the second state, The second port and the third port of the first three-way valve are connected.
  • the second three-way valve also has a first state and a second state, in which the second port and the third port of the second three-way valve are connected, and in the second state, the first state of the second three-way valve port and the third port are connected.
  • the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve change heat exchange by simultaneously switching from their respective first states to their respective second states, or from their respective second states to their respective first states The flow direction of the coolant in the channel.
  • the second valve is a four-way valve
  • the first and second ports of the four-way valve are connected to the first and second ends of the heat exchange passage, respectively
  • the third port and the fourth port of the four-way valve serve as the first port and the second port of the battery heat exchange structure, respectively.
  • the four-way valve has a first state and a second state in which the first and fourth ports of the four-way valve are connected and the second and third ports of the four-way valve are connected port connection. In the second state, the first port and the third port of the four-way valve are connected, and the second port and the fourth port of the four-way valve are connected.
  • the four-way valve changes the flow direction of the coolant in the heat exchange passage by transitioning from the first state to the second state, or from the second state to the first state.
  • Port 1 and port 3/5 of the five-way valve serve as the first port and the second port of the battery heat exchange structure, respectively.
  • the five-way valve has a first state in which port 1 and port 4 of the five-way valve are connected, and a second state in which port 1 of the five-way valve is connected connected to port 2.
  • the five-way valve changes the flow direction of the coolant through the heat exchange passage by transitioning from the first state to the second state, or vice versa.
  • the one or more thermal regulation components include at least one of: a heating component, a cooling component, and a heat dissipation component.
  • the battery thermal management method is implemented in a battery thermal management system having a first cooling loop and a second loop, wherein the first cooling loop passes through a pump and heat exchange channels inside the battery while bypassing one or more thermal conditioning components , the second cooling circuit passes through the pump, heat exchange channels and one or more thermal conditioning components.
  • the battery thermal management method includes controlling coolant to circulate in the first cooling circulation loop or the second cooling circulation loop by switching at least one valve.
  • controlling the circulation of coolant in the first cooling loop or the second cooling loop by switching at least one valve includes: determining whether active heating or cooling of the battery is required; when active heating is not required or in the case of cooling the battery, by switching at least one valve to control the circulation of the coolant in the first cooling circuit; and/or, in the case where active heating or cooling of the battery is required, by switching at least one valve The control coolant circulates in the second cooling circuit.
  • determining whether active heating or cooling of the battery is required includes: if the temperature of the battery does not exceed a temperature threshold, determining that active heating or cooling of the battery is not required; if the battery temperature exceeds the temperature threshold, Determine if the battery needs to be actively heated or cooled.
  • the battery thermal management method further includes alternately switching a flow direction of coolant within a heat exchange channel through the battery.
  • alternately switching the flow direction of the coolant within the heat exchange channel through the battery includes: by connecting two three-way valves, one four-way valve, or one five-way valve with two of the heat exchange channels The end connections alternately switch the flow direction of the coolant within the heat exchange channels through the battery.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a battery thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of an exemplary structure of a battery thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the first exemplary structure of the battery heat exchange structure 12 according to the embodiment of the present invention, wherein the flow direction of the coolant in the heat exchange channel 120 cannot be changed.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a first exemplary structure of the battery heat exchange structure 12 according to the embodiment of the present invention, wherein the flow direction of the coolant in the heat exchange channel 120 can be changed.
  • 5(a) and 5(b) are schematic diagrams showing the working states of the first and second three-way valves 40-1-1/40-1-2 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a second exemplary structure of the battery heat exchange structure 12 according to the embodiment of the present invention, wherein the flow direction of the coolant in the heat exchange channel 120 can be changed.
  • 7(a) and 7(b) are schematic diagrams showing the working state of the four-way valve 40-2 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 8 shows a schematic diagram of a third exemplary structure of the battery heat exchange structure 12 according to the embodiment of the present invention, wherein the flow direction of the coolant in the heat exchange channel 120 can be changed.
  • FIG. 9( a ) and FIG. 9( b ) are schematic diagrams showing the working state of the five-way valve 40 - 3 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 shows a flowchart of a battery thermal management method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figures 11(a) and 11(b) show schematic diagrams, respectively, of coolant circulation in a conventional circuit for battery thermal management and a modified circuit with a shortcut path, resulting in a smaller cooling circuit.
  • Figure 12 shows a schematic diagram of the measured temperature of an EV battery pack over 24 hours (temperatures at 40 locations monitored simultaneously).
  • Figure 13 shows a schematic diagram of the calculated Nu numbers along the inlet channel (laminar flow, round tube inner diameter ⁇ 5mm, channel length ⁇ 1.5m).
  • Figures 14(a) and 14(b) show schematic diagrams of the second method, that is, an example of periodically changing the flow direction.
  • Figures 15(a) and 15(b) show schematic diagrams of an example in which the two methods are combined, ie, taken in a shortcut path and alternately changing the flow direction.
  • Figures 16(a) and 16(b) show how to change the flow direction through a four-way valve.
  • Figures 17(a) and 17(b) show how to change the flow direction through a five-way valve.
  • embodiments of the present invention propose the idea of introducing a shortcut path (small cycle) to the conventional cooling circuit of the battery pack.
  • Minimal pressure drop along the shortcut path as small loops bypass heating and cooling components (high pressure heaters, radiators, coolers, etc.). Therefore, coolant can be circulated only in this shortcut path to improve temperature uniformity, while consuming less energy.
  • the idea of improving battery pack temperature uniformity by periodically switching the flow direction in the loop may alternatively or additionally be employed. This method can be used in situations where a coolant is circulated, for example during battery cooling or battery heating.
  • the idea of periodically switching the direction of flow in the loop can be implemented alone, or combined with the idea of introducing a shortcut path (small loop) into the regular cooling loop of the battery pack.
  • the solutions proposed by the embodiments of the present invention can improve the uniformity of temperature distribution of the battery pack, thereby making the driving distance longer and the battery life longer.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a battery thermal management system.
  • the battery thermal management system can be applied to any type of battery, such as batteries used in energy storage stations, mobile power sources, electric vehicles, electric bicycles, electric robots, and the like.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the battery thermal management system includes a battery 10 , a battery heat exchange structure 12 , a pump 14 , and at least one first valve 16 ( FIG. 1 shows one first valve 16 , but there may also be two first valves 16 ) valve 16 ), and one or more thermal regulation assemblies 18 (three thermal regulation assemblies 18 are shown in FIG. 1 , but there may be fewer or more thermal regulation assemblies 18 ).
  • the battery heat exchange structure 12 includes a heat exchange channel 120 passing through the battery 10 , and the heat exchange channel 120 has a first port 121 and a second port 122 .
  • the first cooling circuit 1 is formed by connecting the first port 140 of the pump 14 to the first port 121 of the battery heat exchange structure 12 and connecting the second port 142 of the pump 14 to the second port 122 of the battery heat exchange structure 12 .
  • the port 122 forms the second cooling circuit 2 .
  • the first valve 16 is provided at each or one of the two joint positions of the first cooling circuit 1 and the second cooling circuit 2 and is configured to direct the coolant flowing through the first valve 16 to the first cooling circuit Circulation circuit 1 or the second cooling liquid circulation circuit 2.
  • the one or more thermal regulation components 18 may include at least one of: a heating component, a cooling component, and a heat sinking component.
  • the outlet of the pump can also be arranged in two ways, since the coolant flow in the circuit can achieve heat exchange in both directions.
  • the first port 140 of the pump 14 is the outlet of the pump 14 and the second port 142 of the pump 14 is the inlet of the pump 14 .
  • the first port 140 of the pump 14 is the inlet of the pump 14 and the second port 142 of the pump 14 is the outlet of the pump 14 .
  • the first valve 16 should be able to guide the coolant flowing through the first valve 16 into the first cooling circuit 1 or the second cooling circuit 2, as the simplest solution, the first valve 16 may be a three-way valve . Those skilled in the art should understand that any other component that can achieve this effect can be used as the first valve 16, and the first valve 16 is not limited to be a three-way valve.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of an exemplary structure of a battery thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the battery thermal management system may further include a first control part 20 connected to the first valve 16 , and the first control part 20 is configured to:
  • the first valve 16 is activated to direct coolant flowing through the first valve 16 into the first cooling circuit 1; and/or, in the event of active heating or In the case of cooling the battery 10 , the first valve 16 is activated to direct the coolant flowing through the first valve 16 into the second cooling circuit 2 .
  • the first control component 20 can trigger the first valve 16 to direct the coolant flowing through the first valve 16 to the first cooling circuit 1 or the second cooling circuit, based on whether active heating or cooling of the battery 10 is required. in loop 2.
  • a mechanism for determining whether the battery 10 needs to be actively heated or cooled by the first control part 20 may be preset.
  • the first control component 20 is configured to: determine that the battery 10 does not need to be actively heated or cooled if the temperature of the battery 10 does not exceed a temperature threshold; and when the temperature of the battery 10 exceeds a temperature threshold In the case of a temperature threshold, it is determined that the battery 10 needs to be actively heated or cooled.
  • a temperature threshold it is determined that the battery 10 needs to be actively heated or cooled.
  • the battery heat exchange structure 12 There are various exemplary structures of the battery heat exchange structure 12 , which are primarily used to effect heat exchange within the battery 10 . Some exemplary structures are described in the embodiments of the present invention to facilitate understanding. Embodiments of the battery heat exchange structure 12 are not limited to the exemplary structures described herein. Based on actual application scenarios, more implementation methods can be adopted.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of the first exemplary structure of the battery heat exchange structure 12 according to the embodiment of the present invention. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the flow direction of the coolant in the heat exchange channel 120 cannot be changed.
  • FIG. 3 shows the simplest structure of the battery heat exchange structure 12 , that is, the structure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 .
  • the first end 1200 and the second end 1202 of the heat exchange channel 120 passing through the battery 10 serve as the first port 121 and the second port 122 of the battery heat exchange structure 12 , respectively .
  • the battery heat exchange structure 12 also includes at least one second valve 40 .
  • Two ports of the second valve 40 are connected to the first end 1200 and the second end 1202 of the heat exchange channel 120 passing through the battery 10 , and the remaining ports of the second valve 40 serve as the first port 121 and the second end of the battery heat exchange structure 12 .
  • the second valve 40 is configured to change the flow direction of the coolant through the heat exchange channel 120 of the battery 10 .
  • the battery thermal management system further includes a second control component 42 connected to the second valve 40 and configured to send flow direction changes to the second valve 40 at preset intervals Order.
  • the flow direction change command is used to instruct the second valve 40 to change the flow direction of the coolant through the heat exchange passage 120 of the battery 10 .
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the first exemplary structure of the battery heat exchange structure 12 according to the embodiment of the present invention, wherein the flow direction of the coolant in the heat exchange channel 120 can be changed.
  • FIG. 4 shows the structure of the battery heat exchange structure 12 in which two three-way valves are used to achieve variable flow direction within the heat exchange channel 120 .
  • there are two second valves 40 which are three-way valves 40 - 1 (a first exemplary implementation of the second valve 40 ), which are first three-way valves respectively 40-1-1 and the second three-way valve 40-1-2, the first port and the second port of the first three-way valve 40-1-1 are respectively connected with the first end 1200 of the heat exchange channel 120 passing through the battery 10 Connected to the second end 1202 , the third end of the first three-way valve 40 - 1 - 1 serves as the first port 121 of the battery heat exchange structure 12 .
  • the first port and the second port of the second three-way valve 40-1-2 are respectively connected to the first end 1200 and the second end 1202 of the heat exchange channel 120 passing through the battery 10, and the second three-way valve 40-1-2
  • the third port is used as the second port 122 of the battery heat exchange structure 12 .
  • the first three-way valve 40-1-1 has a first state and a second state in which the first port of the first three-way valve 40-1-1 and the second state The three ports are connected (as shown in FIG. 5( a )), and in the second state, the second port and the third port of the first three-way valve 40 - 1 - 1 are connected (as shown in FIG. 5( b )).
  • the second three-way valve 40-1-2 also has a first state and a second state, and in the first state, the second port and the third port of the second three-way valve 40-1-2 are connected (as shown in FIG. 5 ( a)), in the second state, the first port and the third port of the second three-way valve 40-1-2 are connected (as shown in FIG. 5(b) ).
  • the first and second three-way valves 40-1-1/40-1-2 are simultaneously switched from their respective first states to their respective second states, or from their respective second states to their respective second states In the first state, the flow direction of the coolant through the heat exchange channel 120 of the battery 10 is changed.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a second exemplary structure of the battery heat exchange structure 12 according to the embodiment of the present invention, wherein the flow direction of the coolant in the heat exchange channel 120 can be changed.
  • FIG. 6 shows the structure of the battery heat exchange structure 12 in which a four-way valve is used to achieve variable flow direction within the heat exchange channel 120 .
  • the second valve 40 is a four-way valve 40-2 (a second exemplary embodiment of the second valve 40), the first port of the four-way valve 40-2 and The second port is respectively connected to the first end 1200 and the second end 1202 of the heat exchange channel 120 passing through the battery 10 , and the third port and the fourth port of the four-way valve 40 - 2 are respectively used as the first port of the battery heat exchange structure 12 121 and the second port 122 12.
  • FIG. 7(a) and FIG. 7(b) show the working state of the four-way valve 40-2 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the four-way valve 40-2 has a first state and a second state in which the first and fourth ports of the four-way valve 40-2 are connected and the four-way valve The second port and the third port of 40-2 are connected (as shown in Fig. 7(a)).
  • the first port and the third port of the four-way valve 40-2 are connected, and the second port and the fourth port of the four-way valve 40-2 are connected (as shown in FIG. 7(a) ).
  • the four-way valve 40 - 2 changes the flow direction of the coolant through the inside of the heat exchange passage 120 of the battery 10 by transitioning from the first state to the second state, or from the second state to the first state.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a third exemplary structure of the battery heat exchange structure 12 according to the embodiment of the present invention, wherein the flow direction of the coolant in the heat exchange channel 120 can be changed.
  • FIG. 8 shows the structure of the battery heat exchange structure 12 in which a five-way valve is used to achieve variable flow direction within the heat exchange channel 120 .
  • a second valve 40 which is a five-way valve 40-3 (third exemplary embodiment of the second valve 40)
  • port 2 and port of the five-way valve 40-3 4 are respectively connected to the first end 1200 and the second end 1202 of the heat exchange channel 120 passing through the battery 10
  • the ports 1 and 3/5 of the five-way valve 40-3 are used as the first ports 121 and 120 of the battery heat exchange structure 12, respectively.
  • the second port 122 is a five-way valve 40-3 (third exemplary embodiment of the second valve 40)
  • Figures 9(a) and 9(b) show the working states of the five-way valve 40-3 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the five-way valve 40-3 has a first state and a second state in which port 1 and port 4 of the five-way valve 40-3 are connected, and the five-way valve 40- Port 3/5 of 3 is connected to port 2 (as shown in Fig. 9(a)), and in the second state, port 1 and port 2 of the five-way valve 40-3 are connected (as shown in Fig. 9(b)) , and the port 3/5 of the five-way valve 40-3 is connected to the port 4.
  • the five-way valve 40 - 3 changes the flow direction of the coolant through the inside of the heat exchange passage 120 of the battery 10 by transitioning from the first state to the second state, or from the second state to the first state.
  • Components that are described as separate may or may not be physically separate. Parts represented as components may or may not be physical components. Some or all of the components can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present invention.
  • all functional components in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing module, or these components may exist physically separately, or two or more components may be integrated into one module.
  • Integrated components can be implemented in the form of hardware or software functional components.
  • the battery thermal management method can be applied to any type of battery, such as batteries used in energy storage stations, mobile power sources, electric vehicles, electric bicycles, electric robots, and the like.
  • the battery thermal management method is implemented in a battery thermal management system having a first cooling circulation loop and a second circulation loop.
  • the first cooling loop passes through the pump and heat exchange channels inside the battery while bypassing one or more thermal conditioning components, and the second cooling loop passes through the pump, heat exchange channels, and one or more thermal conditioning components.
  • FIG. 10 shows a flowchart of a battery thermal management method according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 10 , the battery thermal management method includes step S1002.
  • step S1002 the coolant is controlled to circulate in the first cooling circulation loop or the second cooling circulation loop by switching at least one valve.
  • a shortcut path (first cooling circuit) is provided in addition to the conventional cooling circuit (first second cooling circuit), and it is possible to switch between the first cooling circuit by means of at least one valve Switching between the second cooling circuit and the shortcut path (the first cooling circuit) can be used to achieve heat exchange within the battery.
  • the step S1002 of controlling the circulation of the coolant in the first cooling circulation loop or the second cooling circulation loop through switching of at least one valve may include:
  • S1002-2 control the circulation of the coolant in the first cooling circulation loop by switching at least one valve when no active heating or cooling of the battery is required; and/or, when active heating or cooling of the battery is required In this case, the circulation of the coolant in the second cooling circuit is controlled by switching at least one valve.
  • the step S1002-1 of determining whether active heating or cooling of the battery is required may include:
  • the battery temperature exceeds the temperature threshold, it is determined that active heating or cooling of the battery is required.
  • the battery thermal management method further includes:
  • alternately switching the flow direction of coolant within the heat exchange channel through the battery may include:
  • the battery thermal management scheme improves battery temperature uniformity in two ways:
  • this solution is not limited to liquid phase, it can be used for various types of coolant types, eg liquid, gas or multiphase flow coolants.
  • Figure 11 shows an example of a first method that circulates the coolant in a shorter shortcut path with less energy consumption.
  • Figure 11(a) shows the circulation of coolant in a common circuit for battery thermal management. Coolant circulates through pumps, battery heat exchange channels, radiators, coolers and heaters.
  • Figure 11(b) shows a modified cooling circuit with a shortcut path, resulting in a smaller cooling circuit. The coolant bypasses unnecessary components and circulates only through the pump and battery heat exchange channels.
  • the coolant circulating in the shortcut path reduces the temperature uniformity inside the battery caused by the heating of the battery and can save energy.
  • Temperature non-uniformity can be caused by heating inside the battery, changes in the thermal insulation properties of the battery pack, inherent changes in the battery cells (depending on how they are manufactured and used), changes in heat exchange with the coolant, etc.
  • Figure 12 shows the measured temperature of an EV battery pack over a 24-hour period (the temperature at 40 locations was monitored simultaneously. The battery pack has 20 modules, each with two measurement locations). As shown, the temperature variation at the same moment in the same battery pack may be around 20°C. This means that the temperature uniformity inside the battery pack must be improved.
  • the combination of temperature change and heat exchange coefficient reduction results in a change in the heat exchange rate along the flow direction of the battery and thus in the cell temperature along the flow direction within the battery.
  • Figures 14(a) and 14(b) respectively show an example of the second method, ie, periodically changing the flow direction.
  • two valves (3-way valve or other valve with similar function) are utilized to change the flow direction inside the battery heat exchange channel, thereby greatly reducing the time-averaged overall change in heat exchange rate along the flow path (time -averaged overall variation). Therefore, the overall temperature uniformity of the battery pack is improved.
  • the flow directions in the heater, cooler and radiator in Figures 14(a) and 14(b) are still the same.
  • Figures 15(a) and 15(b) respectively show an example in which two methods are combined, ie, taken in a shortcut path and alternately changing the flow direction. Other variant combinations are possible. This combination will facilitate cell temperature uniformity when the cell temperature is within operating limits and no heating or cooling is required.
  • FIGS. 14 and 15 the flow direction in the heat exchange channel is changed by using a three-way valve. It is understood that a four-way valve or a five-way valve can also be used to change the flow direction.
  • Figures 16(a) and 16(b) show how to change the flow direction through a four-way valve, respectively
  • Figures 17(a) and 17(b) show how to change the flow direction through a five-way valve, respectively.
  • the cooling systems of many current battery packs can be adjusted using these schemes to improve pack temperature uniformity.
  • the changes made are entirely in the cooling system.
  • the battery pack itself has not changed. Therefore, it helps to extend the service life and cruising range of the battery pack, while minimizing the cost increase, and enabling zero replacement of the battery pack itself.
  • Embodiments of the present invention propose the idea of introducing a shortcut path (mini-cycle) to the conventional cooling circuit of the battery pack.
  • Minimal pressure drop along the shortcut path as small loops bypass heating and cooling components (high pressure heaters, radiators, coolers, etc.). Therefore, coolant can be circulated only in this shortcut path to improve temperature uniformity, while consuming less energy.

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Abstract

一种电池热管理系统和方法，该系统包括：电池(10)、电池热交换结构(12)、泵(14)、至少一个第一阀(16)和一个或多个热调节部件(18)，电池热交换结构(12)包括经过电池(10)的热交换通道(120)，并具有第一端口(121)和第二端口(122)；通过连接泵(14)和电池热交换结构(12)形成第一冷却循环回路(1)，通过连接泵(14)、电池热交换结构(12)和一个或多个热调节部件(18)形成第二冷却循环回路(2)。第一阀(16)设置在第一冷却循环回路(1)和第二冷却循环回路(2)的两个接头位置中的每一个或其中一个，并且配置成将流过第一阀(16)的冷却剂引导到第一冷却循环回路(1)或第二冷却循环回路(2)中。

Description

电池热管理系统及方法 技术领域
本发明涉及电池热管理领域，尤其涉及一种电池热管理系统及方法。
 背景技术
电动汽车发展迅速，已成为未来交通运输的主要发展趋势。电动汽车电池（EVB，也称为牵引电池）是用于为电动汽车的电动马达提供动力的电池。作为电动车辆中的关键部件，电池会产生过多的热量，因此需要进行热管理以提高电动车辆的可靠性和安全性。
 技术问题
对于电池组而言，重要的是采用某些手段将电池组保持在期望的温度范围内以获得最佳性能和寿命，并且由于整个电池组内的温度分布不均会导致性能下降，因此迫切希望电动汽车的电池组具有良好的温度均匀性。
 技术解决方案
下文对本发明进行了简单的概括，以便于基本了解本发明。该概述不是本发明的扩展论述，目的不在于表明本发明的关键或重要元素。以下概述仅以简化的方式呈现本发明的一些概念，作为下文描述的序言。
本发明实施例一方面提供了一种电池热管理系统。该电池热管理系统包括：电池、电池热交换结构、泵、至少一个第一阀和一个或多个热调节部件。其中，电池热交换结构包括经过电池的热交换通道，该热交换通道具有第一端口和第二端口。通过将泵的第一端口连接到电池热交换结构的第一端口，并将泵的第二端口连接到电池热交换结构的第二端口，形成第一冷却循环回路。通过将泵的第一端口连接到电池热交换结构的第一端口并依次将泵的第二端口连接到一个或多个热调节部件和电池热交换结构的第二端口，形成第二冷却循环回路。第一阀设置在第一冷却循环回路和第二冷却循环回路的两个接头位置中的每一个或其中一个，并且配置成将流过第一阀的冷却剂引导到第一冷却循环回路或第二冷却循环回路中。
在至少一个示例性实施例中，泵的第一端口是泵的出口，泵的第二端口是泵的入口，或者泵的第一端口是泵的入口，泵的第二端口是泵的入口。
在至少一个示例性实施例中，第一阀是三通阀。
在至少一个示例性实施例中，电池热管理系统还包括与第一阀连接的第一控制部件，该第一控制部件被配置为：确定是否需要对电池进行主动加热或冷却；在不需要主动加热​​或冷却电池的情况下，触发第一阀以将流过第一阀的冷却剂引导到第一冷却循环回路中；和/或，在需要主动加热​​或冷却电池的情况下，触发第一阀以将流过第一阀的冷却剂引导到第二冷却循环回路中。
在至少一个示例性实施例中，第一控制部件被配置为：在电池的温度不超过温度阈值的情况下，确定不需要主动加热或冷却电池；以及在电池温度超过温度阈值的情况下，确定需要主动加热或冷却电池。
在至少一个示例性实施例中，经过电池的热交换通道的第一端和第二端分别作为电池热交换结构的第一端口和第二端口。
在至少一个示例性实施例中，电池热交换结构还包括至少一个第二阀，第二阀的两个端口与经过电池的热交换通道的第一端和第二端连接，且第二阀的其余端口作为电池热交换结构的第一端口和第二端口。第二阀被配置成改变冷却剂在经过电池的热交换通道内的流动方向。
在至少一个示例性实施例中，电池热管理系统还包括第二控制部件，该第二控制部件与第二阀连接并且被配置为以预设间隔向第二阀发送流动方向改变命令，用于指示第二阀改变经过电池的热交换通道内的冷却剂的流动方向。
在至少一个示例性实施例中，有两个第二阀，并且该两个第二阀是三通阀，分别是第一三通阀和第二三通阀，第一三通阀的第一端口和第二端口分别与经过电池的热交换通道的第一端和第二端相连，第一三通阀的第三端口作为电池热交换结构的第一端口。第二三通阀的第一端口和第二端口分别与经过电池的热交换通道的第一端和第二端相连，第二三通阀的第三端口作为电池热交换结构的第二端口。
在至少一个示例性实施例中，第一三通阀具有第一状态和第二状态，在第一状态下，第一三通阀的第一端口和第三端口连接，在第二状态下，第一三通阀的第二端口和第三端口连接。第二三通阀也具有第一状态和第二状态，在第一状态下，第二三通阀的第二端口和第三端口连接，在第二状态下，第二三通阀的第一端口和第三端口连接。第一三通阀和第二三通阀通过同时从它们各自的第一状态转换成它们各自的第二状态，或者从它们各自的第二状态转换成它们各自的第一状态，来改变热交换通道内冷却剂的流动方向。
在至少一个示例性实施例中，有一个第二阀，并且第二阀是四通阀，该四通阀的第一端口和第二端口分别与热交换通道的第一端和第二端连接，该四通阀的第三端口和第四端口分别作为电池热交换结构的第一端口和第二端口。
在至少一个示例性实施例中，四通阀具有第一状态和第二状态，在第一状态中，四通阀的第一端口和第四端口连接并且四通阀的第二端口和第三端口连接。在第二状态中，四通阀的第一端口和第三端口相连，四通阀的第二端口和第四端口相连。四通阀通过从第一状态转变为第二状态，或者从第二状态转变为第一状态，来改变热交换通道内冷却剂的流动方向。
在至少一个示例性实施例中，有一个第二阀，并且第二阀是五通阀，五通阀的端口2和端口4分别与热交换通道的第一端和第二端连接。五通阀的端口1和端口3/5分别作为电池热交换结构的第一端口和第二端口。
在至少一个示例性实施例中，五通阀具有第一状态和第二状态，在第一状态中，五通阀的端口1和端口4连接，在第二状态中，五通阀的端口1和端口2连接。五通阀通过从第一状态转变为第二状态，或者从第二状态转变为第一状态，来改变通过热交换通道内冷却剂的流动方向。
在至少一个示例性实施例中，一个或多个热调节部件包括以下至少之一：加热部件、冷却部件和散热部件。
本发明实施例另一方面提供了一种电池热管理方法。该电池热管理方法在具有第一冷却循环回路和第二循环回路的电池热管理系统中实施，其中第一冷却回路经过泵和电池内部的热交换通道，同时绕过一个或多个热调节组件，第二冷却回路经过泵、热交换通道和一个或多个热调节组件。电池热管理方法包括：通过切换至少一个阀来控制冷却剂在第一冷却循环回路或第二冷却循环回路中循环。
在至少一个示例性实施例中，通过切换至少一个阀来控制冷却剂在第一冷却循环回路或第二冷却循环回路中循环包括：确定是否需要主动加热​​或冷却电池；在不需要主动加热​​或冷却电池的情况下，通过切换至少一个阀来控制冷却剂在第一冷却循环回路中循环；和/或，在需要主动加热​​或冷却电池的情况下，通过切换至少一个阀来控制冷却剂在第二冷却循环回路中循环。
在至少一个示例性实施例中，确定是否需要主动加热或冷却电池包括：在电池的温度不超过温度阈值的情况下，确定不需要主动加热或冷却电池；在电池温度超过温度阈值的情况下，确定需要主动加热或冷却电池。
在至少一个示例性实施例中，电池热管理方法还包括：交替地切换经过电池的热交换通道内的冷却剂的流动方向。
在至少一个示例性实施例中，交替地切换经过电池的热交换通道内的冷却剂的流动方向包括：通过将两个三通阀、一个四通阀或一个五通阀与热交换通道的两端连接，交替地切换经过电池的热交换通道内的冷却剂的流动方向。
 附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明进行更深入的描述，并构成本申请的一部分。本申请的示意性实施例及其描述用于说明本发明，并且不用于对本发明形成不适当的限制。在附图中：
图1示出了本发明实施例的电池热管理系统的结构示意图。
图2示出了本发明实施例的电池热管理系统的示例性结构的示意图。
图3示出了本发明实施例的电池热交换结构12的第一示例性结构的示意图，其中，冷却剂在热交换通道120内的流动方向不可改变。
图4示出了本发明实施例的电池热交换结构12的第一示例性结构的示意图，其中，冷却剂在热交换通道120内的流动方向可以改变。
图5(a)和图5(b)示出了本发明实施例的第一和第二三通阀40-1-1 / 40-1-2的工作状态的示意图。
图6示出了本发明实施例的电池热交换结构12的第二示例性结构的示意图，其中，冷却剂在热交换通道120内的流动方向可以改变。
图7(a)和图7(b)示出了本发明实施例的四通阀40-2的工作状态的示意图。
图8示出了本发明实施例的电池热交换结构12的第三示例性结构的示意图，其中，冷却剂在热交换通道120内的流动方向可以改变。
图9(a)和图9(b)示出了本发明实施例的五通阀40-3的工作状态的示意图。
图10示出了本发明实施例的电池热管理方法的流程图。
图11(a)和图11(b)分别示出了用于电池热管理的常用回路和改进型回路中的冷却剂循环的示意图，该改进型回路具有快捷路径、形成较小的冷却回路。
图12示出了EV电池组在24小时内的测量温度的示意图(同时监视40个位置处的温度)。
图13示出了沿入口通道计算的Nu数的示意图(层流，圆管内径〜5mm，通道长度〜1.5m)。
图14(a)和图14(b)示出了第二方法，即周期性改变流向的示例的示意图。
图15(a)和图15(b)示出了将两种方法组合，即采用在快捷路径中并交替改变流动方向的示例的示意图。
图16(a)和图16(b)示出了如何通过四通阀改变流向。
图17(a)和图17(b)示出了如何通过五通阀改变流向。
 本发明的实施方式
当前，大多数电池热管理方案都基于冷却剂在回路中的循环，以根据需要加热或冷却电池组。在这些方案中，冷却剂（以例如液体、气体或多相流的形式）通常在闭合回路中沿相同方向流动，并且通常经过回路中的所有组件。这些方案具有以下缺陷：
由于冷却剂温度在冷却电池期间沿流动方向增加并且在加热电池期间沿流动方向降低，所以流体的冷却或加热能力将沿着流动方向降低。这种单向流动本质上将导致整个电池组的温度不均匀。在许多仿真结果中，即使不需要加热或冷却电池组（例如，电池温度仍在限定范围内），由于电池内部热量的产生，电池组内部仍然存在明显的温度梯度（非均匀性）。在上述两种情况下，都希望减弱电池组内部的温度不均匀性。
同样，在当前的电池热管理系统中，现有冷却回路的各个组件（例如散热器、液-液热交换器、长软管、阀门等）可能导致明显的压降和能量损失。为了在节约能源的同时使冷却剂循环，可以绕开其中的一些组件，以减小能量损失以及与周围环境的热交换。
鉴于以上内容，本发明的实施例提出了一种向电池组的常规冷却回路引入快捷路径（小循环）的想法。由于小循环绕过加热和冷却组件（高压加热器、散热器和冷却器等），因此沿快捷路径的压降最小。所以，冷却剂可以仅在此快捷路径中循环以提高温度均匀性，而能耗却更少。在本发明的一些实施例中，可以替代地或附加地采用通过周期性地切换回路中的流动方向来改善电池组温度均匀性的想法。该方法可用于例如电池冷却或电池加热的过程等使冷却剂循环的情况。周期性地切换回路中的流动方向的想法可以单独实现，或者与将快捷路径（小循环）引入电池组的常规冷却回路的想法相结合。本发明实施例提出的方案可以提高电池组的温度分布均匀性，从而可以使驾驶距离更长，电池寿命更长。
为了使本领域技术人员更加清楚地理解本发明的方案，下面结合附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚完整的阐述。显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的实施例的一部分，而不是全部。基于本发明的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的其他所有实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要注意的是，说明书、权利要求书和附图中的诸如“第一”和“第二”之类的术语用于区分相似的对象，但是不用于描述特定的顺序或次序。应当理解，可以在适当的情况下交换对象，从而使此处描述或示出的实施例以不同的顺序来实现。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”及其任何变体旨在涵盖非排他性包括，例如，包括一系列步骤或单元的过程、方法、系统、产品或设备，不限于包括明确列出的步骤或单元，还可以包括在这些过程、方法、系统、产品或设备中未明确列出的或固有的其他步骤或单元。
本发明的实施例提供了一种电池热管理系统。该电池热管理系统可以应用于任何类型的电池，例如用于储能站、移动电源、电动汽车、电动自行车、电动机器人等的电池。图1示出了本发明实施例的热管理系统的结构示意图。如图1所示，该电池热管理系统包括电池10、电池热交换结构12、泵14、至少一个第一阀16（图1示出了一个第一阀16，但也可以有两个第一阀16）、以及一个或多个热调节组件18（图1示出了三个热调节组件18，但也可以有更少或更多的热调节组件18）。
电池热交换结构12包括经过电池10的热交换通道120，并且该热交换通道120具有第一端口121和第二端口122。
通过将泵14的第一端口140连接到电池热交换结构12的第一端口121并将泵14的第二端口142连接到电池热交换结构12的第二端口122而形成第一冷却循环回路1。
通过将泵14的第一端口140连接到电池热交换结构12的第一端口121并将泵14的第二端口142依次连接到一个或多个热调节部件18和电池热交换结构12的第二端口122而形成第二冷却循环回路2。
第一阀16设置在第一冷却循环回路1和第二冷却循环回路2的两个接头位置的每一个或其中一个处，并且配置成将流过第一阀16的冷却剂引导到第一冷却循环回路1或第二冷却液循环回路2中。
在现有的电池热管理系统中，现有冷却液回路（常规冷却液回路）的各种组件（例如散热器、液-液热交换器、长软管、阀门等）可能导致明显的压降和能量损失。为了在节约能源的同时使冷却液循环，可以绕开其中的一些组件，以减小能量损失以及与周围环境的热交换。因此，在图1所示的方案中，在常规冷却回路（第二冷却循环回路2）之外，还设有快捷路径（第一冷却循环回路1），并且能够借助于第一阀16在第一冷却循环回路1和第二冷却循环回路2之间进行切换，使得可以使用快捷路径（第一冷却循环回路1）来实现电池10内的热交换。
在至少一个示例性实施例中，一个或多个热调节部件18可包括以下至少之一：加热部件、冷却部件和散热部件。
由于回路内的冷却剂在两个方向流动都可以实现热交换，泵的出口也可以以两种方式设置。在至少一个示例性实施例中，泵14的第一端口140是泵14的出口，泵14的第二端口142是泵14的入口。可替代地，泵14的第一端口140是泵14的入口，泵14的第二端口142是泵14的出口。
考虑到第一阀16应该能够将流过第一阀16的冷却剂引导到第一冷却循环回路1或第二冷却循环回路2中，作为最简单的方案，第一阀16可以是三通阀。本领域技术人员应该能够理解，能够实现该效果的任何其他部件都可以作为第一阀16，并且第一阀16不限于为三通阀。
图2示出了本发明实施例的电池热管理系统的示例性结构的示意图。如图2所示，在至少一个示例性实施例中，电池热管理系统还可以包括与第一阀16相连的第一控制部件20，该第一控制部件20被配置为：
确定是否需要主动加热​​或冷却电池10；
在不需要主动加热​​或冷却电池10的情况下，触发第一阀16以将流过第一阀16的冷却剂引导到第一冷却循环回路1中；和/或，在需要主动加热或冷却电池10的情况下，触发第一阀16将流过第一阀16的冷却剂引导到第二冷却循环回路2中。
通过该方案，第一控制部件20可以基于是否需要主动加热或冷却电池10以触发第一阀16，以将流过第一阀16的冷却剂引导到第一冷却循环回路1或第二冷却循环回路2中。
基于实际应用，可以预先设置第一控制部件20的确定是否需要主动加热​​或冷却电池10的机制。例如，在至少一个示例性实施例中，第一控制部件20被配置为：在电池10的温度不超过温度阈值的情况下，确定不需要主动加热或冷却电池10；以及在电池10的温度超过温度阈值的情况下，确定需要主动加热或冷却电池10。本领域技术人员应当理解，可以根据实际应用设置其他机制，并且第一控制部件20的实现方式不限于本文所述的方案。
电池热交换结构12有各种示例性结构，其主要用于实现电池10内的热交换。在本发明的实施例中描述了一些示例性结构以便于理解。电池热交换结构12的实施方式不限于本文描述的示例性结构。基于实际应用场景，可以采用更多的实现方式。
图3示出了本发明实施例的电池热交换结构12的第一示例性结构的示意图，根据本发明的一个实施例，冷却剂在热交换通道120内的流动方向是不可改变的。图3示出了电池热交换结构12的最简单的结构，即图1和图2所示的结构。如图3所示，在至少一个示例性实施例中，经过电池10的热交换通道120的第一端1200和第二端1202分别作为电池热交换结构12的第一端口121和第二端口122。
根据图3所示的结构，如果流入电池热交换结构12的冷却剂不改变其流动方向，则冷却剂在热交换通道120内的流动方向是不可改变的。这是一个相对简单的实现方式。
然而，考虑到冷却剂温度在电池冷却期间沿着流动方向增加而在电池加热期间沿着流动方向降低，这使得流体沿着流动方向的冷却或加热能力降低，这种单向流动从其本质上将导致整个电池组的温度不均匀性。为了减少电池组内部的温度不均匀，提出了如下的电池热交换结构12的新颖结构，其中，冷却剂在热交换通道120内的流动方向是可以改变的。
在至少一个示例性实施例中，电池热交换结构12还包括至少一个第二阀40。第二阀40的两个端口与经过电池10的热交换通道120的第一端1200和第二端1202连接，第二阀40的其余端口作为电池热交换结构12的第一端口121和第二端口122。第二阀40被配置成改变经过电池10的热交换通道120内的冷却剂的流动方向。
在至少一个示例性实施例中，电池热管理系统还包括第二控制部件42，该第二控制部件42与第二阀40连接并且被配置为以预设间隔向第二阀40发送流动方向改变命令。该流动方向改变命令用于指示第二阀40改变经过电池10的热交换通道120内的冷却剂的流动方向。
以上提出的结构将作为三个替代性的示例性实施例在图4至图9中示出，且在下面详细描述。
（1）图4示出了本发明实施例的电池热交换结构12的第一示例性结构的示意图，其中，冷却剂在热交换通道120内的流动方向是可以改变的。
图4示出了电池热交换结构12的结构，其中使用两个三通阀来实现热交换通道120内的流向可变。如图4所示，有两个第二阀40，这两个第二阀40是三通阀40-1（第二阀40的第一个示例性实现方式），分别为第一三通阀40-1-1和第二三通阀40-1-2，第一三通阀40-1-1的第一端口和第二端口分别与经过电池10的热交换通道120的第一端1200和第二端1202连接，第一三通阀40-1-1的第三端作为电池热交换结构12的第一端口121。第二三通阀40-1-2的第一端口和第二端口分别与经过电池10的热交换通道120的第一端1200和第二端1202连接，第二三通阀40-1-2的第三端口作为电池热交换结构12的第二端口122。
图5(a)和图5(b)示出了本发明实施例的第一和第二三通阀40-1-1/40-1-2的工作状态。在至少一个示例性实施例中，第一三通阀40-1-1具有第一状态和第二状态，在第一状态下，第一三通阀40-1-1的第一端口和第三端口连接（如图5(a)所示），在第二状态下，第一三通阀40-1-1的第二端口和第三端口连接（如图5(b)所示）。第二三通阀40- 1-2也具有第一状态和第二状态，在第一状态下，第二三通阀40-1-2的第二端口和第三端口连接（如图5(a)所示），在第二状态下，第二三通阀40-1-2的第一端口和第三端口连接（如图5(b)所示）。第一和第二三通阀40-1-1 / 40-1-2通过同时从它们各自的第一状态转换到它们各自的第二状态，或从他们各自的第二状态转换到他们各自的第一状态，来改变经过电池10的热交换通道120内的冷却剂的流动方向。
（2）图6示出了本发明实施例的电池热交换结构12的第二示例性结构的示意图，其中，冷却剂在热交换通道120内的流动方向是可以改变的。
图6示出了电池热交换结构12的结构，其中使用一个四通阀来实现热交换通道120内的流向可变。如图6所示，有一个第二阀40，并且第二阀40是四通阀40-2（第二阀40的第二示例性实施方式），四通阀40-2的第一端口和第二端口分别与经过电池10的热交换通道120的第一端1200和第二端1202连接，四通阀40-2的第三端口和第四端口分别作为电池热交换结构12的第一端口121和第二端口122 12。
图7(a)和图7(b)示出了本发明实施例的四通阀40-2的工作状态。在至少一个示例性实施例中，四通阀40-2具有第一状态和第二状态，在第一状态下，四通阀40-2的第一端口和第四端口连接，且四通阀40-2的第二端口和第三端口连接（如图7(a)所示）。在第二状态下，四通阀40-2的第一端口和第三端口连接，且四通阀40-2的第二端口和第四端口连接（如图7(a)所示）。四通阀40-2通过从第一状态转变为第二状态，或者从第二状态转变为第一状态，来改变经过电池10的热交换通道120内的冷却剂的流动方向。
（3）图8是本发明实施例的电池热交换结构12的第三示例性结构的示意图，其中，冷却剂在热交换通道120内的流动方向是可以改变的。
图8示出了电池热交换结构12的结构，其中使用一个五通阀来实现热交换通道120内的流向可变。如图8所示，有一个第二阀40，该第二阀40是五通阀40-3（第二阀40的第三示例性实施方式），五通阀40-3的端口2和端口4分别与经过电池10的热交换通道120的第一端1200和第二端1202连接，五通阀40-3的端口1和端口3/5分别作为电池热交换结构12的第一端口121和第二端口122。
图9(a)和图9(b)示出了本发明实施例的五通阀40-3的工作状态。在至少一个示例性实施例中，五通阀40-3具有第一状态和第二状态，在第一状态下，五通阀40-3的端口1和端口4连接，且五通阀40-3的端口3/5与端口2连接（如图9(a)所示），在第二状态下，五通阀40-3的端口1和端口2连接（如图9(b)所示），且五通阀40-3的端口3/5与端口4连接。五通阀40-3通过从第一状态转变为第二状态，或者从第二状态转变为第一状态，来改变经过电池10的热交换通道120内的冷却剂的流动方向。
被描述为分开的组件在物理上可以是分开的或不分开的。表示为组件的部分可能是也可能不是物理组件。可以根据实际需要选择部分或全部组件来实现本发明方案的目的。
此外，本发明实施例中的所有功能组件可以集成在一个处理模块中，或这些组件在物理上分别存在，或两个或以上的组件集成在一个模块中。集成组件可以以硬件或软件功能组件的形式实现。
本发明实施例另一方面提供了一种电池热管理方法。该电池热管理方法可以应用于任何类型的电池，例如用于储能站、移动电源、电动汽车、电动自行车、电动机器人等的电池。该电池热管理方法在具有第一冷却循环回路和第二循环回路的电池热管理系统中实现。第一冷却循环回路通过泵和电池内部的热交换通道，同时绕过一个或多个热调节组件，第二冷却循环回路通过泵、热交换通道、以及一个或多个热调节组件。图10示出了本发明实施例的电池热管理方法的流程图。如图10所示，该电池热管理方法包括步骤S1002。
在步骤S1002中，通过切换至少一个阀来控制冷却剂在第一冷却循环回路或第二冷却循环回路中循环。
在现有的电池热管理系统中，现有冷却液回路（常规冷却液回路）的各个组件（例如散热器、液-液热交换器、长软管、阀门等）可能导致明显的压降和能量损失。为了在节约能源的同时使冷却液循环，可以绕开其中的一些组件，以减少能量损失以及与周围环境的热交换。因此，在图10所示的方案中，除了常规冷却回路（第一第二冷却循环回路）外还提供了快捷路径（第一冷却循环回路），并且能够借助于至少一个阀在第一冷却回路和第二冷却回路之间切换，从而可以使用快捷路径（第一冷却循环回路）来实现电池内的热交换。
在至少一个示例性实施例中，通过至少一个阀的切换来控制冷却剂在第一冷却循环回路或第二冷却循环回路中循环的步骤S1002可以包括：
S1002-1，判断是否需要主动加热​​或冷却电池；
S1002-2，在不需要主动加热​​或冷却电池的情况下，通过切换至少一个阀来控制冷却剂在第一冷却循环回路中循环；和/或，在需要主动加热​​或冷却电池的情况下，通过切换至少一个阀来控制冷却剂在第二冷却循环回路中循环。
在至少一个示例性实施例中，确定是否需要主动加热​​或冷却电池的步骤S1002-1可以包括：
在电池的温度不超过温度阈值的情况下，确定不需要对电池进行主动加热或冷却；和
在电池温度超过温度阈值的情况下，确定需要对电池进行主动加热或冷却。
考虑到冷却液温度在电池冷却过程中沿流动方向增加，而在电池加热过程中沿流动方向下降，使得流体的冷却或加热能力沿流动方向减小，单向流动本质上会导致整个电池组的温度不均匀性。为了减少电池组内部的温度不均匀性，提出了如下的新方法，该方法使冷却剂在热交换通道内的流动方向可变。在至少一个示例性实施例中，电池热管理方法还包括：
交替地切换经过电池的热交换通道内的冷却剂的流动方向。
在至少一个示例性实施例中，交替地切换经过电池的热交换通道内的冷却剂的流动方向可以包括：
通过将两个三通阀，一个四通阀或一个五通阀与热交换通道的两端连接，交替地切换冷却剂在经过电池的热交换通道内的流动方向。
电池热管理方法的其他方面可以基于前述实施例中对电池热管理系统的描述而获得，在此不再赘述。
需要注意的是，为了简单说明起见，该方法的每个前述实施例被描述为一系列动作的组合。但是本领域技术人员应该知道，本发明不限于所描述的动作的顺序，这是因为根据本发明，一些步骤可以以其他顺序或者同时执行。此外，本领域技术人员还应该知道，说明书中所描述的所有实施例都是优选实施例，所涉及的动作和模块可能不是必需的。
根据本发明的又一个实施例，详细的电池热管理方案描述如下。
电池热管理方案通过两种方法提高了电池温度的均匀性：
(a)使用旁路（快捷路径）在短的封闭的冷却液回路中循环冷却液，以节省泵送功率和能量损失，以及
(b)交替切换冷却回路中的冷却剂流向，以减小与流向相关的温度梯度。
这两种方法可以分别使用，也可以组合使用以提高电池温度的均匀性。理论上，该方案不限于液相，其可以用于各种类型的冷却剂类型，例如，液体、气体或多相流冷却剂。
图11显示了第一方法的示例，该方法使冷却剂在较短的快捷路径中循环，能耗较小。图11(a)显示了用于电池热管理的常用回路中的冷却剂循环。冷却剂通过泵、电池热交换通道、散热器、冷却器和加热器循环。作为示例，图11(b)示出了改进的冷却回路，其具有快捷路径，形成较小的冷却回路。冷却剂绕过不必要的组件，仅通过泵和电池热交换通道循环。
在某些情况下，当电池温度在其限定范围内时，不需要主动加热​​或冷却电池组。在这种情况下，在快捷路径中循环的冷却液会降低由电池发热引起的电池内部温度均匀性，并可以节省能源。
温度不均匀性可能是由电池内部发热、电池组的隔热性能变化、电池单元的固有变化（根据制造和使用方式）、与冷却液的热交换变化等引起的。图12示出了24小时内EV电池组的测量温度（同时监测40个位置处的温度。电池组具有20个模块，每个模块具有两个测量位置）。如图所示，同一电池组中同一时刻的温度变化可能约为20°C。这意味着必须要改善电池组内部的温度均匀性。
根据传热理论，目前大多数的常见回路是单向的，如图11(a)所示。本质上，由于以下两个事实，这种设计将减少沿换热器流动路径方向的热传导：
（1）沿着流动路径，由于流体沿着流动路径方向被加热或冷却，因此电池和冷却剂之间的温度差ΔT减小；
（2）沿着流动路径，局部传热系数降低。对于冷板或类似设备中的流动通道，通常沿热交换通道会产生入口效应。图13显示了沿入口通道计算的Nu数（层流，圆形管内径〜5mm，通道长度〜1.5m）。它显示通道入口和出口之间有3倍的差异。因此，在沿流动路径的热边界显影区域中，传热系数持续降低。
温度变化和热交换系数降低的组合导致沿电池组的流动方向的热交换率变化，因此导致沿电池组内流动方向的电池温度的变化。
图14(a)和图14(b)分别示出了第二方法的示例，即，周期性地改变流动方向。在该示例中，利用两个阀（三通阀或其他具有类似功能的阀）来改变电池热交换通道内部的流动方向，从而大大减少了沿流动路径的热交换率的时间平均总体变化（time-averaged overall variation）。因此，改善了电池组的整体温度均匀性。需要注意的是，在该特定示例中，图14(a)和图14(b)中的加热器、冷却器和散热器中的流向仍然是相同的。
两种方法也可以根据需要进行组合。图15(a)和图15(b)分别示出了组合了两种方法的一个示例，即，采用在快捷路径中并交替改变流动方向。可能会有其他变体组合。当电池温度在操作限定范围内并且不需要加热或冷却时，该组合将有利于电池温度的均匀性。
在图14和15中，通过利用三通阀来改变热交换通道内的流动方向，可以理解地，也可以利用四通阀或五通阀来改变流向。例如，图16(a)和图16(b)分别显示了如何通过四通阀改变流向，图17(a)和图17(b)分别显示了如何通过五通阀改变流向。
当前许多电池组的冷却系统都可以使用这些方案进行调整，以提高电池组温度的均匀性。所做的改变完全在冷却系统上。电池组本身没有变化。因此，有助于延长电池组的使用寿命和续航里程，同时将成本增加降至最低，并可实现电池组自身零更换。
以上仅是本发明的优选实施例；应当指出，在不背离本发明原理的前提下，本领域普通技术人员也可以做出许多改进和补充，这些改进和补充应落入本发明的保护范围。
 工业实用性
本发明的实施例提出了一种向电池组的常规冷却回路引入快捷路径（小循环）的想法。由于小循环绕过加热和冷却组件（高压加热器、散热器和冷却器等），因此沿快捷路径的压降最小。所以，冷却剂可以仅在此快捷路径中循环以提高温度均匀性，而能耗却更少。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种电池热管理系统，包括：电池、电池热交换结构、泵、至少一个第一阀和一个或多个热调节部件，其特征在于，
    电池热交换结构包括经过电池的热交换通道，且该热交换通道具有第一端口和第二端口；
    通过将泵的第一端口连接到电池热交换结构的第一端口，并将泵的第二端口连接到电池热交换结构的第二端口，形成第一冷却循环回路，通过将泵的第一端口连接到电池热交换结构的第一端口并依次将泵的第二端口连接到一个或多个热调节部件和电池热交换结构的第二端口，形成第二冷却循环回路；
    第一阀设置在第一冷却循环回路和第二冷却循环回路的两个接头位置中的每一个或其中一个，并且配置成将流过第一阀的冷却剂引导到第一冷却循环回路或第二冷却循环回路中。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池热管理系统，其特征在于，所述泵的所述第一端口是所述泵的出口，所述泵的所述第二端口是所述泵的入口，或者所述泵的所述第一端口是所述泵的入口，所述泵的第二端口是所述泵的出口。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电池热管理系统，其特征在于，所述第一阀是三通阀。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的电池热管理系统，其特征在于，还包括与所述第一阀连接的第一控制部件，所述第一控制部件被配置为：
    确定是否需要主动加热​​或冷却电池；
    在不需要主动加热​​或冷却电池的情况下，触发第一阀以将流过第一阀的冷却剂引导到第一冷却循环回路中；和/或，在需要主动加热​​或冷却电池的情况下，触发第一阀以将流过第一阀的冷却剂引导到第二冷却循环回路中。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池热管理系统，其特征在于，所述第一控制部件被配置为：
    在电池温度不超过温度阈值的情况下，确定不需要主动加热​​或冷却电池；以及
    在电池温度超过温度阈值的情况下，确定需要对电池进行主动加热或冷却。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的电池热管理系统，其特征在于，经过所述电池的所述热交换通道的第一端和第二端分别作为所述电池热交换结构的第一端口和第二端口。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的电池热管理系统，其特征在于，所述电池热交换结构还包括至少一个第二阀，所述第二阀的两个端口与经过所述电池的所述热交换通道的第一端和第二端相连，所述第二阀的其余一个或多个端口作为所述电池热交换结构的第一端口和第二端口，所述第二阀被配置成改变冷却剂在经过所述电池的所述热交换通道内的流动方向。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的电池热管理系统，其特征在于，还包括第二控制部件，所述第二控制部件与所述第二阀连接并且被配置为以预定间隔向所述第二阀发送流动方向改变命令，所述流动方向改变命令用于指示所述第二阀改变经过所述电池的所述热交换通道内的冷却剂的流动方向。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的电池热管理系统，其特征在于，有两个第二阀，并且所述两个第二阀是三通阀，分别是第一三通阀和第二三通阀，所述第一三通阀的第一端口和第二端口分别与经过所述电池的所述热交换通道的第一端和第二端相连，所述第一三通阀的第三端口作为所述电池热交换结构的第一端口，所述第二三通阀的第一端口和第二端口分别与经过所述电池的所述热交换通道的第一端和第二端相连，所述第二三通阀的第三端口作为所述电池热交换结构的第二端口。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电池热管理系统，其特征在于，所述第一三通阀具有第一状态和第二状态，在所述第一状态下，所述第一三通阀的第一端口和第三端口连接，在所述第二状态下，所述第一三通阀的第二端口和第三端口连接；
    所述第二三通阀具有第一状态和第二状态，在所述第一状态下，所述第二三通阀的第二端口和第三端口连接，在所述第二状态下，所述第二三通阀的第一端口和第三端口连接；
    所述第一三通阀和所述第二三通阀通过同时从它们各自的第一状态转变成它们各自的第二状态，或者从它们各自的第二状态转变成它们各自的第一状态，来改变冷却剂在经过所述电池的所述热交换通道内的流动方向。
  11. 根据权利要求7所述的电池热管理系统，其特征在于，具有一第二阀，所述第二阀是四通阀，所述四通阀的第一端口和第二端口分别与经过所述电池的所述热交换通道的第一端和第二端相连，所述四通阀的第三端口和第四端口分别作为所述电池热交换结构的第一端口和第二端口。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电池热管理系统，其特征在于，所述四通阀具有第一状态和第二状态，在所述第一状态下，所述四通阀的第一端口和第四端口连接，且所述四通阀的第二端口和第三端口连接，在所述第二状态下，所述四通阀的第一端口和第三端口连接，且所述四通阀的第二端口和第四端口连接；
    所述四通阀通过从第一状态转换为第二状态，或从第二状态转换为第一状态，来改变经过所述电池的所述热交换通道内的冷却剂的流动方向。
  13. 根据权利要求7所述的电池热管理系统，其特征在于，具有一个第二阀，所述第二阀是五通阀，所述五通阀的端口2和端口4分别与经过所述电池的所述热交换通道的第一端和第二端相连，所述五通阀的端口1和端口3/5分别作为所述电池热交换结构的第一端口和第二端口。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电池热管理系统，其特征在于，所述五通阀具有第一状态和第二状态，在所述第一状态下，所述五通阀的端口1和端口4连接，在所述第二状态下，所述五通阀的端口1和端口2连接;
    所述五通阀通过从第一状态转变为第二状态，或者从第二状态转变为第一状态，来改变经过所述电池的所述热交换通道内的冷却剂的流动方向。
  15. 如权利要求1所述的电池热管理系统，其特征在于，所述一个或多个热调节部件包括以下至少之一：加热部件、冷却部件和散热部件。
  16. 一种电池热管理方法，其特征在于，所述方法在具有第一冷却循环回路和第二循环回路的电池热管理系统中实施，所述第一冷却回路经过泵和电池内部的热交换通道，同时绕过一个或多个热调节部件，所述第二冷却回路经过泵、热交换通道和一个或多个热调节组件，所述方法包括：
    通过切换至少一个阀来控制冷却剂在第一冷却循环回路或第二冷却循环回路中循环。
  17. 根据权利要求16所述的电池热管理方法，其特征在于，通过切换至少一个阀来控制冷却剂在第一冷却循环回路或第二冷却循环回路中循环包括：
    确定是否需要主动加热​​或冷却电池；
    在不需要主动加热​​或冷却电池的情况下，通过切换至少一个阀来控制冷却剂在第一冷却循环回路中循环；和/或
    在需要主动加热​​或冷却电池的情况下，通过切换至少一个阀来控制冷却剂在第二冷却循环回路中循环。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的电池热管理方法，其特征在于，确定是否需要对主动加热或冷却电池包括：
    在电池温度不超过温度阈值的情况下，确定不需要对电池进行主动加热或冷却；和
    在电池温度超过温度阈值的情况下，确定需要对电池进行主动加热或冷却。
  19. 根据权利要求16所述的电池热管理方法，还包括：
    交替地切换经过所述电池的所述热交换通道内的冷却剂的流动方向。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的电池热管理方法，其特征在于，交替切换经过所述电池的所述热交换通道内的冷却剂的流动方向包括：
    通过将两个三通阀、一个四通阀或一个五通阀与所述热交换通道的两端连接，交替地切换冷却剂在经过所述电池的所述热交换通道内的流动方向。
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