WO2022056970A1 - 一种直线电机 - Google Patents

一种直线电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022056970A1
WO2022056970A1 PCT/CN2020/120434 CN2020120434W WO2022056970A1 WO 2022056970 A1 WO2022056970 A1 WO 2022056970A1 CN 2020120434 W CN2020120434 W CN 2020120434W WO 2022056970 A1 WO2022056970 A1 WO 2022056970A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
magnetic pole
linear motor
sliding seat
base
primary magnetic
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PCT/CN2020/120434
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郭顺
郑高伟
丁洪福
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瑞声声学科技(深圳)有限公司
瑞声科技（南京）有限公司
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Publication of WO2022056970A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022056970A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K41/00—Propulsion systems in which a rigid body is moved along a path due to dynamo-electric interaction between the body and a magnetic field travelling along the path
    • H02K41/02—Linear motors; Sectional motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
    • H02K11/20—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection for measuring, monitoring, testing, protecting or switching
    • H02K11/21—Devices for sensing speed or position, or actuated thereby
    • H02K11/22—Optical devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of motors, and in particular, to a linear motor.
  • the linear motor in the prior art generally uses the electromagnetic action between the primary magnetic pole and the secondary magnetic pole to make its output reciprocate in the linear direction, and also obtains the position information of the linear motor through the cooperation of the grating ruler and the read head.
  • the linear motor in the prior art generally sets the grating ruler and the read head on one side of the primary magnetic pole and the secondary magnetic pole, which results in that in the width direction of the linear motor (perpendicular to the movement direction of the linear motor), the grating ruler
  • the position sensing device composed of the read head and the electromagnetic structure composed of the primary magnetic pole and the secondary magnetic pole occupy different width spaces respectively, resulting in a large width of the linear motor, which is not conducive to the miniaturization development trend of the linear motor.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a linear motor with a smaller width.
  • the linear motor includes:
  • the sliding seat is movably arranged on the base, and is enclosed with the base to form an installation cavity;
  • the primary magnetic pole and the secondary magnetic pole are located in the installation cavity and are oppositely arranged, one of the primary magnetic pole and the secondary magnetic pole is installed on the base, and the other is installed on the sliding seat, the An electromagnetic force can be formed between the primary magnetic pole and the secondary magnetic pole to drive the carriage to move in a straight line relative to the base;
  • grating ruler and a read head located in the installation cavity and oppositely arranged, one of the grating ruler and the read head is installed on the base, the other is installed on the sliding seat, and the grating ruler and the read head are installed on the sliding seat At least a portion of the read head and at least a portion of the read head are located within the coverage area enclosed by the primary pole and the secondary pole.
  • all the grating scales and all the read heads are located within the coverage area.
  • the grating scale is mounted on the primary magnetic pole and extends along the moving direction of the sliding seat; in the moving direction of the sliding seat, the read head and the The secondary magnetic poles are arranged in a line.
  • the grating scale is mounted on the secondary magnetic pole and extends along the moving direction of the sliding seat; in the moving direction of the sliding seat, the read head and The primary magnetic poles are lined up in-line.
  • the primary magnetic pole and the secondary magnetic pole are disposed opposite to each other and extend along the moving direction of the sliding seat, and the edge of the primary magnetic pole and the edge of the secondary magnetic pole surround the coverage area.
  • the primary magnetic pole includes an iron core and a winding arranged on the iron core.
  • the iron core includes a bottom wall and a plurality of vertical walls extending from the surface of the bottom wall, the plurality of vertical walls are spaced apart and arranged in parallel, and each vertical wall is arranged in parallel.
  • a coil is wound thereon, the coil forming the winding.
  • the secondary magnetic pole includes a magnetic yoke and a magnet arranged on the magnetic yoke.
  • the base has a guide rail, and the sliding seat is movably arranged on the guide rail.
  • the base includes a base plate and a side plate extending from a surface of the base plate, and the guide rail is formed at an end of the side plate away from the bottom plate.
  • the beneficial effect of the present invention is that: the linear motor in the embodiment of the present invention is optimized in terms of structural layout, by making at least a part of the grating ruler and at least a part of the read head located in the area surrounded by the primary magnetic pole and the secondary magnetic pole In the coverage area, for the linear motor as a whole, the grating ruler, the read head, the primary magnetic pole and the secondary magnetic pole will share a width space at least in the width direction, so that the width dimension of the linear motor can be reduced, thereby reducing the linear motor. overall body shape.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a linear motor in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a linear motor in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a top view of the linear motor after removing the sliding seat in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a side view of a linear motor in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a linear motor in another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a linear motor in another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the embodiment of the present invention provides a linear motor, the linear motor is optimized in the structural layout, and has a smaller width dimension than the traditional linear motor.
  • the linear motor includes a base 100 , a sliding seat 200 , an electromagnetic structure composed of a primary magnetic pole 300 and a secondary magnetic pole 400 , and an electromagnetic structure composed of a grating ruler 500 and a reading head 600 . position sensing device.
  • the sliding seat 200 is movably arranged on the base 100, and is enclosed with the base 100 to form an installation cavity 101, in which the aforementioned electromagnetic structure and the position sensing device are installed.
  • the electromagnetic structure is used to drive the carriage 200 to move.
  • one of the primary magnetic pole 300 and the secondary magnetic pole 400 is installed on the base 100, and the other is installed on the sliding seat 200, and an electromagnetic force can be formed between the primary magnetic pole 300 and the secondary magnetic pole 400 to drive the sliding seat 200 moves in a straight line.
  • the position sensing device is used to monitor the moving distance of the carriage 200, so that the position information of the linear motor can be reflected in a timely manner.
  • the grating scale 500 and the read head 600 are disposed opposite to each other, and the grating scale 500 and the read head 600 are disposed along the moving direction of the carriage 200 , and one of the grating scale 500 and the read head 600 moves with the carriage 200 , thereby
  • the data information on the grating ruler 500 that is, the position information of the linear motor, can be read timely through the reading head 600 .
  • At least a part of the grating ruler 500 and at least a part of the read head 600 are located in the coverage area surrounded by the primary magnetic pole 300 and the secondary magnetic pole 400 .
  • the "coverage area” refers to the space surrounded by the largest outer contour surface of the primary magnetic pole 300 and the largest outer contour surface of the secondary magnetic pole 400 , that is, the edge of the primary magnetic pole 300 and the edge of the secondary magnetic pole 400 A coverage area (see dashed area A in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 ) is enclosed, which coverage area does not exceed the maximum outer contour surfaces of the primary pole 300 and the secondary pole 400 .
  • the relative arrangement of the primary magnetic pole 300 and the secondary magnetic pole 400 is taken as an example for illustration. At this time, please refer to FIGS. 1-4.
  • the primary magnetic pole 300 is projected to the secondary magnetic pole 400 to form a first projection, and the secondary magnetic pole 400 is projected to the primary.
  • the magnetic pole 300 will form a second projection, and the first projection and the second projection may overlap, cross or stagger. When the two overlap, the area of the first projection or the second projection will be combined with the primary magnetic pole 300 and the secondary projection.
  • the distance between the primary magnetic poles 400 forms the coverage area; when the two intersect or stagger, the total area of the first projection and the second projection, combined with the distance between the primary magnetic pole 300 and the secondary magnetic pole 400, forms the coverage area .
  • the moving direction of the carriage 200 is defined as the length direction, and the direction perpendicular to the length direction is defined as the width direction.
  • the grating ruler 500 and the reading head 600 need to monitor the entire movement of the linear motor, and in order to fully Using the installation cavity 101 of the linear motor, the grating ruler 500 is generally designed to be covered with the installation cavity 101 of the linear motor in the length direction. Therefore, for the entire linear motor, space can be saved mainly in the width direction. Obviously, the embodiment of the present invention This purpose is achieved.
  • At least a part of the grating ruler 500 and at least a part of the reading head 600 are located in the coverage area surrounded by the primary magnetic pole 300 and the secondary magnetic pole 400, so that the linear motor as a whole is
  • the head 600 , the primary magnetic pole 300 and the secondary magnetic pole 400 share a width space at least in the width direction thereof, so that the width dimension of the linear motor can be reduced, thereby reducing the overall size of the linear motor.
  • the primary magnetic pole can be The 300 and/or the secondary pole 400 provides more space for placement, which is beneficial for improving the performance of the linear motor, making it more thrust.
  • all the grating rulers 500 and all the read heads 600 are located in the coverage area (dotted line area A), so that the space in the width direction of the linear motor can be maximized, making it possible to reduce the linearity More significant in terms of the size of the motor or in terms of improving the performance of the linear motor.
  • the base 100 has a guide rail 102
  • the sliding seat 200 is movably disposed on the guide rail 102 .
  • the base 100 includes a base plate 110 and a side plate 120 extending from the surface of the base plate 110 . At this time, the base 100 is substantially in a concave shape, and the side plate 120 is away from the bottom plate 110 .
  • a guide rail 102 is formed at one end.
  • a groove is formed at one end of the side plate 120 away from the bottom plate 110 .
  • the guide rail 102 can also be formed by other structures between the side plate 120 and the sliding seat 200 , for example, a first connecting member 1021 can be provided in the groove, and at the same time on both sides of the sliding seat 200 A second connecting piece 1022 is provided, and the first connecting piece 1021 can move in the groove. By connecting the second connecting piece 1022 to the first connecting piece 1021, the sliding seat 200 and the base 100 can be moved together. .
  • the side plates 120 are vertically extended from the two sides of the bottom plate 110, and the sliding seat 200 is designed to be A flat piece, at this time, the linear motor has a cuboid structure as a whole.
  • the base 100 and the sliding seat 200 may adopt other structural shapes, and various designs of the movement cooperation between them may also be made.
  • the foregoing linear motor having a rectangular parallelepiped structure will be used as an example for description.
  • the primary magnetic pole 300 is installed on the sliding seat 200
  • the secondary magnetic pole 400 is installed on the base 100
  • the grating ruler 500 is installed on the secondary magnetic pole 400 along the sliding
  • the moving direction of the seat 200 extends; in the moving direction of the sliding seat 200, the read head 600 and the primary magnetic pole 300 are lined up in a line.
  • both the grating ruler 500 and the read head 600 are located in the coverage area formed by the primary magnetic pole 300 and the secondary magnetic pole 400 , thereby reducing the width of the linear motor and making the linear motor smaller.
  • the primary magnetic pole 300 is installed on the sliding seat 200
  • the secondary magnetic pole 400 is installed on the base 100
  • the grating ruler 500 is installed on the primary magnetic pole 300 and extends along the moving direction of the sliding seat 200; In the moving direction of the carriage 200, the poles of the read head 600 and the secondary magnet 400 are lined up in a line.
  • the second embodiment changes the positional relationship between the grating ruler 500 and the reading head 600 .
  • the primary magnetic pole 300 is installed on the base 100
  • the secondary magnetic pole 400 is installed on the sliding seat 200
  • the grating ruler 500 is installed on the secondary magnetic pole 400 , and is installed along the sliding seat 200 .
  • the moving direction of the seat 200 extends; in the moving direction of the sliding seat 200, the read head 600 and the primary magnetic pole 300 are lined up in a line.
  • the third embodiment changes the positional relationship between the primary magnetic pole 300 and the secondary magnetic pole 400 .
  • the primary magnetic pole 300 is installed on the base 100
  • the secondary magnetic pole 400 is installed on the sliding seat 200
  • the grating scale 500 is installed on the primary magnetic pole 300 and extends along the moving direction of the sliding seat 200; In the moving direction of the carriage 200, the read head 600 and the secondary magnetic pole 400 are lined up in a line.
  • the fourth embodiment changes the positional relationship between the primary magnetic pole 300 and the secondary magnetic pole 400 .
  • the electromagnetic structure in order to make full use of the internal space of the linear motor and maximize its performance, and combined with the linear motion characteristics of the linear motor, when arranging the electromagnetic structure, it is advisable to make the electromagnetic structure full of installation cavities in the length direction, such as , the primary magnetic pole 300 and the secondary magnetic pole 400 can be disposed opposite to each other and extend along the moving direction of the sliding seat 200 .
  • the primary magnetic pole 300 includes an iron core 310 and a winding 320 disposed on the iron core 310
  • the secondary magnetic pole 400 includes a magnetic yoke 410 and a magnetic yoke 410 disposed on the magnetic yoke 410 .
  • the primary magnetic pole 300 can form a magnetic field after being energized, and the magnetic field can form an electromagnetic force with the secondary magnetic pole 400 , so as to push the sliding seat 200 to move on the base 100 .
  • the iron core 310 includes a bottom wall 311 and a plurality of vertical walls 312 extending from the surface of the bottom wall 311 , and the plurality of vertical walls 312 are spaced apart and arranged in parallel.
  • a coil is wound on each vertical wall 312 , and the coil forms a winding 320 .
  • the iron core 310 of this structure has excellent magnetic permeability, and at the same time, more coils can be arranged on it, which is beneficial to form a larger electromagnetic force, so that the linear motor has a stronger driving force.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Linear Motors (AREA)

Abstract

一种直线电机，包括基座（100）、滑座（200）、位于安装腔（101）内的初级磁极（300）和次级磁极（400）以及位于所述安装腔（101）内且相对设置的光栅尺（500）和读头（600），所述光栅尺（500）和所述读头（600）沿所述滑座（200）的移动方向设置，且所述光栅尺（500）的至少一部分和所述读头（600）的至少一部分位于由所述初级磁极（300）和所述次级磁极（400）所围成的覆盖区域内。直线电机能够缩小直线电机的宽度尺寸，从而缩小直线电机的整体体型。

Description

一种直线电机 技术领域
本发明涉及电机技术领域，尤其涉及一种直线电机。
 背景技术
现有技术中的直线电机一般通过初级磁极和次级磁极之间的电磁作用来使其输出沿直线方向的往复运动，同时还通过光栅尺和读头的配合来获取直线电机的位置信息。
 技术问题
现有技术中的直线电机一般将光栅尺和读头设置在初级磁极和次级磁极的一侧，由此会导致在直线电机的宽度方向上（垂直于直线电机的运动方向），由光栅尺、读头组成的位置传感装置和由初级磁极、次级磁极组成的电磁结构各自占用不同的宽度空间，致使直线电机的宽度尺寸较大，不利于直线电机的小型化发展趋势。
因此，有必要提供一种具有更小体型的直线电机。
 技术解决方案
本发明的目的在于提供一种宽度尺寸更小的直线电机。
根据本发明的实施例，该直线电机包括：
基座；
滑座，所述滑座移动设置在所述基座上，并与所述基座围合形成安装腔；
位于所述安装腔内且相对设置的初级磁极和次级磁极，所述初级磁极和所述次级磁极中的一个安装在所述基座上，另一个安装在所述滑座上，所述初级磁极和所述次级磁极之间能够形成电磁力，以驱使所述滑座相对所述基座沿直线移动；
以及位于所述安装腔内且相对设置的光栅尺和读头，所述光栅尺和读头中的一个安装在所述基座上，另一个安装在所述滑座上，且所述光栅尺的至少一部分和所述读头的至少一部分位于由所述初级磁极和所述次级磁极所围成的覆盖区域内。
作为所述直线电机的进一步可选方案，全部所述光栅尺和全部所述读头位于所述覆盖区域内。
作为所述直线电机的进一步可选方案，所述光栅尺安装在所述初级磁极上，且沿所述滑座的移动方向延伸；在所述滑座的移动方向上，所述读头和所述次级磁极沿一字排开。
作为所述直线电机的进一步可选方案，所述光栅尺安装在所述次级磁极上，且沿所述滑座的移动方向延伸；在所述滑座的移动方向上，所述读头和所述初级磁极沿一字排开。
作为所述直线电机的进一步可选方案，所述初级磁极和所述次级磁极相对设置且沿所述滑座的移动方向延伸，所述初级磁极的边缘和所述次级磁极的边缘围成所述覆盖区域。
作为所述直线电机的进一步可选方案，所述初级磁极包括铁芯和设置在所述铁芯上的绕组。
作为所述直线电机的进一步可选方案，所述铁芯包括底壁和自所述底壁的表面延伸而出的多个立壁，多个所述立壁间隔且平行设置，在每个所述立壁上缠绕有线圈，所述线圈形成所述绕组。
作为所述直线电机的进一步可选方案，所述次级磁极包括磁轭和设置在所述磁轭上的磁体。
作为所述直线电机的进一步可选方案，所述基座具有导轨，所述滑座移动设置在所述导轨上。
作为所述直线电机的进一步可选方案，所述基座包括基板和自所述基板的表面延伸而出的侧板，所述侧板的远离所述底板的一端形成有所述导轨。
 有益效果
本发明的有益效果在于：本发明实施例中的直线电机，其在结构布局上进行了优化，通过使光栅尺的至少一部分和读头的至少一部分位于由初级磁极和次级磁极所围成的覆盖区域内，使得对于直线电机整体而言，光栅尺、读头、初级磁极和次级磁极至少在其宽度方向上会共用一段宽度空间，由此能够缩小直线电机的宽度尺寸，从而缩小直线电机的整体体型。
 附图说明
图1为本发明一实施例中的直线电机的结构示意图；
图2为本发明一实施例中的直线电机的剖视图；
图3为本发明一实施例中的直线电机去除滑座后的俯视图；
图4为本发明一实施例中的直线电机的侧视图；
图5为本发明另一实施例中的直线电机的结构示意图；
图6为本发明另一实施例中的直线电机的剖视图。
主要元件符号说明：
100-基座；200-滑座；300-初级磁极；400-次级磁极；500-光栅尺；600-读头；101-安装腔；102-导轨；110-底板；120-侧板；310-铁芯；320-绕组；410-磁轭；420-磁体；311-底壁；312-立壁；1021-第一连接件；1022-第二连接件。
 本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图和实施方式对本发明作进一步说明。
本发明实施例提供了一种直线电机，该直线电机在结构布局上进行了优化设计，使其较之传统的直线电机具有更小的宽度尺寸。
在本发明实施例中，请参考图1-2，该直线电机包括基座100、滑座200、由初级磁极300和次级磁极400构成的电磁结构以及由光栅尺500和读头600构成的位置传感装置。
该滑座200移动设置在基座100上，并与基座100围合形成安装腔101，在安装腔101中安装有前述电磁结构以及位置传感装置。
该电磁结构用于驱动滑座200移动。具体而言，初级磁极300和次级磁极400中的一个安装在基座100上，另一个安装在滑座200上，初级磁极300和次级磁极400之间能够形成电磁力，以驱使滑座200沿直线移动。
该位置传感装置用于监控滑座200的移动距离，使直线电机的位置信息可被适时地反映出来。具体而言，光栅尺500和读头600相对设置，且光栅尺500和读头600沿滑座200的移动方向设置，并且光栅尺500和读头600当中的一个随滑座200移动，由此通过读头600适时地读取光栅尺500上的数据信息，即可或者直线电机的位置信息。
在本发明实施例中，光栅尺500的至少一部分和读头600的至少一部分位于由初级磁极300和次级磁极400所围成的覆盖区域内。
此处首先需要理解，“覆盖区域”是指，初级磁极300最大的外部轮廓面和次级磁极400最大的外部轮廓面所包绕的空间，即初级磁极300的边缘和次级磁极400的边缘围成覆盖区域（参见图3中和图4中的虚线区域A），该覆盖区域不会超出初级磁极300和次级磁极400的最大的外部轮廓面。为便于理解，以初级磁极300和次级磁极400相对设置为例进行说明，此时不妨参考图1-4，初级磁极300投向次级磁极400会形成第一投影，以及次级磁极400投向初级磁极300会形成第二投影，第一投影和第二投影会出现重叠、交叉或者错开的情形，当两者出现重叠时，该第一投影或第二投影的面积，再结合初级磁极300和次级磁极400之间的距离即形成覆盖区域；当两者出现交叉或错开时，第一投影和第二投影的总面积，再结合初级磁极300和次级磁极400之间的距离即形成覆盖区域。
当然，在其他场景下，例如当采用的初级磁极300和次级磁极400具有不同的结构和位置关系时，当正确理解该覆盖区域的含义。
定义滑座200的移动方向为长度方向，定义与该长度方向垂直的方向为宽度方向，一般而言，由于光栅尺500和读头600是需要对直线电机的运动全程进行监控的，同时为了充分利用直线电机的安装腔101，光栅尺500一般设计成在长度方向上布满直线电机的安装腔101，因此对整个直线电机而言，主要可以从其宽度方向上节省空间，显然本发明实施例实现了该目的。
本发明实施例通过使光栅尺500的至少一部分和读头600的至少一部分位于由初级磁极300和次级磁极400所围成的覆盖区域内，使得对于直线电机整体而言，光栅尺500、读头600、初级磁极300和次级磁极400至少在其宽度方向上会共用一段宽度空间，由此能够缩小直线电机的宽度尺寸，从而缩小直线电机的整体体型。
另一方面，在宽度尺寸不变的情况下，由于使光栅尺500的至少一部分和读头600的至少一部分位于由初级磁极300和次级磁极400所围成的覆盖区域内，可以为初级磁极300和/或次级磁极400提供更多的安置空间，这有利于提高直线电机的性能，使其具有更大的推力。
在一种实施例中，请参考图4，全部光栅尺500和全部读头600位于覆盖区域内（虚线区域A），由此可最大化地利用直线电机宽度方向上空间，使其在缩减直线电机的体型方面或提高直线电机的性能方面更为显著。
在一种实施例中，请参考图1-2，基座100具有导轨102，滑座200移动设置在导轨102上。
在一种具体的实施例中，基座100包括基板110和自该基板110的表面延伸而出的侧板120，此时该基座100大致呈凹字形结构，该侧板120的远离底板110的一端形成有导轨102。
更具体地说，该侧板120远离底板110的一端形成有凹槽，滑座200的两侧分别配合在侧板的凹槽内，由此实现滑座200和基座100的移动配合。
当然，在其他具体的实施例中，导轨102还可以通过侧板120和滑座200之间的其他结构形成，例如可以在凹槽内设置第一连接件1021，同时在滑座200的两侧设置第二连接件1022，该第一连接件1021能够在凹槽内移动，通过将第二连接件1022连接到该第一连接件1021上，即可实现滑座200和基座100的移动配合。
在一些更加具体的实施例中，为使直线电机在结构上更加紧凑，并保证其具有顺滑的外观，侧板120自底板110的两侧边缘垂直延伸而成，同时滑座200被设计成一块平板件，此时直线电机在整体上呈长方体结构。
当然，在其他实施例中，基座100和滑座200可以采用其他结构造型，并且他们之间的移动配合方式也可以作出多种设计。当为了便于理解和描述，下文将以前述呈长方体结构的直线电机为例进行说明。
在第一种实施例中，请参考图1-2，初级磁极300安装在滑座200上，次级磁极400安装在基座100上，光栅尺500安装在次级磁极400上，且沿滑座200的移动方向延伸；在滑座200的移动方向上，读头600和初级磁极300沿一字排开。
由此，光栅尺500和读头600均位于由初级磁极300和次级磁极400所形成的覆盖区域内，从而缩减直线电机的宽度尺寸，使直线电机的体型变得更小。
在第二种实施例中，初级磁极300安装在滑座200上，次级磁极400安装在基座100上，光栅尺500安装在初级磁极300上，且沿滑座200的移动方向延伸；在滑座200的移动方向上，读头600和次级磁400极沿一字排开。
与前述第一种实施例相比，该第二种实施例更换了光栅尺500和读头600的位置关系。
在第三种实施例中，请参考图5-6，初级磁极300安装在基座100上，次级磁极400安装在滑座200上，光栅尺500安装在次级磁极400上，且沿滑座200的移动方向延伸；在滑座200的移动方向上，读头600和初级磁极300沿一字排开。
与前述第一种实施例相比，该第三种实施例更换了初级磁极300和次级磁极400的位置关系。
在第四种实施例中，初级磁极300安装在基座100上，次级磁极400安装在滑座200上，光栅尺500安装在初级磁极300上，且沿滑座200的移动方向延伸；在滑座200的移动方向上，读头600和次级磁极400沿一字排开。
与前述第三种实施例相比，该第四种实施例更换了初级磁极300和次级磁极400的位置关系。
接前文所述，为充分利用直线电机的内部空间，并使其性能最大化，同时结合直线电机的直线运动特点，在布置电磁结构时，宜使电磁结构在长度方向上布满安装腔，例如，可使初级磁极300和次级磁极400相对设置且沿滑座200的移动方向延伸。
在一种具体的实施例中，请参考图1-2，初级磁极300包括铁芯310和设置在铁芯310上的绕组320，次级磁极400包括磁轭410和设置在磁轭410上的磁体420，此时该初级磁极300在通电后即可形成磁场，该磁场能够同次级磁极400之间形成电磁力，从而推动滑座200在基座100上移动。
在一种更加具体的实施例中，请参考图1-2，铁芯310包括底壁311和自底壁311的表面延伸而出的多个立壁312，多个立壁312间隔且平行设置，在每个立壁312上缠绕有线圈，线圈形成绕组320。
该结构形式的铁芯310具有优良的导磁能力，同时也可以在其上设置更多的线圈，有利于形成更大的电磁力，从而使直线电机具有更强的推动力。
以上所述的仅是本发明的实施方式，在此应当指出，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明创造构思的前提下，还可以做出改进，但这些均属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种直线电机，其特征在于，包括：
    基座；
    滑座，所述滑座移动设置在所述基座上，并与所述基座围合形成安装腔；
    位于所述安装腔内且相对设置的初级磁极和次级磁极，所述初级磁极和所述次级磁极中的一个安装在所述基座上，另一个安装在所述滑座上，所述初级磁极和所述次级磁极之间能够形成电磁力，以驱使所述滑座相对所述基座沿直线移动；
    以及位于所述安装腔内且相对设置的光栅尺和读头，所述光栅尺和读头中的一个安装在所述基座上，另一个安装在所述滑座上，且所述光栅尺的至少一部分和所述读头的至少一部分位于由所述初级磁极和所述次级磁极所围成的覆盖区域内。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的直线电机，其特征在于，全部所述光栅尺和全部所述读头位于所述覆盖区域内。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的直线电机，其特征在于，所述光栅尺安装在所述初级磁极上，且沿所述滑座的移动方向延伸；在所述滑座的移动方向上，所述读头和所述次级磁极沿一字排开。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的直线电机，其特征在于，所述光栅尺安装在所述次级磁极上，且沿所述滑座的移动方向延伸；在所述滑座的移动方向上，所述读头和所述初级磁极沿一字排开。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的直线电机，其特征在于，所述初级磁极和所述次级磁极相对设置且沿所述滑座的移动方向延伸，所述初级磁极的边缘和所述次级磁极的边缘围成所述覆盖区域。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的直线电机，其特征在于，所述初级磁极包括铁芯和设置在所述铁芯上的绕组。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的直线电机，其特征在于，所述铁芯包括底壁和自所述底壁的表面延伸而出的多个立壁，多个所述立壁间隔且平行设置，在每个所述立壁上缠绕有线圈，所述线圈形成所述绕组。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的直线电机，其特征在于，所述次级磁极包括磁轭和设置在所述磁轭上的磁体。
  9. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的直线电机，其特征在于，所述基座具有导轨，所述滑座移动设置在所述导轨上。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的直线电机，其特征在于，所述基座包括基板和自所述基板的表面延伸而出的侧板，所述侧板的远离所述底板的一端形成有所述导轨。
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