WO2022052536A1 - 一种内燃机车排气系统 - Google Patents

一种内燃机车排气系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022052536A1
WO2022052536A1 PCT/CN2021/099359 CN2021099359W WO2022052536A1 WO 2022052536 A1 WO2022052536 A1 WO 2022052536A1 CN 2021099359 W CN2021099359 W CN 2021099359W WO 2022052536 A1 WO2022052536 A1 WO 2022052536A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mixer
exhaust
urea solution
internal combustion
filter
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PCT/CN2021/099359
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
林建华
苏贵平
何明旺
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中车大连机车研究所有限公司
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Publication of WO2022052536A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022052536A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F01N11/002—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18—Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/027—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N9/002—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus of filter regeneration, e.g. detection of clogging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
    • F01N2610/1453—Sprayers or atomisers; Arrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus
    • F01N2610/146—Control thereof, e.g. control of injectors or injection valves
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of exhaust gas treatment of diesel locomotives, in particular to an exhaust system of a diesel locomotive.
  • the present invention provides an exhaust system for a diesel locomotive to overcome the above problems.
  • An exhaust system for a diesel locomotive comprising:
  • a mixer for mixing the urea solution with the exhaust gas is connected with a urea injection device, and the urea injection device is controlled by a controller and driven by a locomotive air source;
  • the side of the internal combustion engine has an exhaust port, and the mixer is connected to the exhaust port.
  • the mounting bracket includes uprights on both sides of the internal combustion engine and a beam on the top of the upright.
  • the muffler is fixed above the internal combustion engine, a support plate is arranged on the column, and the support plate fixes the mixer on the side of the internal combustion engine, and the mixer and the muffler are connected by a connecting pipe, The connecting pipe changes the exhaust direction of the exhaust gas;
  • the urea injection device injects the urea solution into the mixer, the exhaust gas is discharged from the internal combustion engine, enters the mixer to be mixed with the urea solution, and passes through the muffler and the filter in sequence.
  • the column includes two first columns and two second columns, the distance between the two first columns is greater than the distance between the two second columns, and the support plate includes a first column.
  • a support plate and a second support plate the first column includes two first support members, the first support plate is arranged between the first support members, and the second column includes a second support member, The second support plate is provided on the outer side of the second support member, and the first support plate is close to the exhaust port of the internal combustion engine.
  • the connecting pipe includes two curved parts, each of which changes the exhaust direction of the exhaust gas by 90°.
  • the filter includes an active regeneration system, the active regeneration system includes a differential pressure sensor, a first temperature sensor and an electric heater, the differential pressure sensor is used to detect the pressure difference before and after the filter, the electrical The heater causes a high temperature in the filter, the first temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature in the filter, and the differential pressure sensor, the first temperature sensor and the electric heater are all connected to the locomotive control module;
  • the urea injection device includes a metering unit, and the metering unit controls the injection amount of the urea injection device.
  • the urea injection device is connected to the urea solution tank through a urea solution pipeline, a cooling water pipe is arranged outside the urea solution pipeline, and a plumbing solenoid valve is arranged on the cooling water pipe, and the plumbing solenoid valve is controlled with the locomotive. modules are connected.
  • a steel wire shock absorber is also included, and the steel wire shock absorber is arranged between the beam and the upright column.
  • the mixer is provided with a second temperature sensor.
  • a bellows, a chimney and a rain cap are arranged in sequence behind the filter.
  • the diesel locomotive exhaust system disclosed by the invention mixes the urea solution with the exhaust gas, so that the urea reacts with the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas, thereby reducing the pollution of the nitrogen oxides to the atmosphere, and at the same time, the particulate pollutants in the exhaust gas are treated, so that the exhaust gas discharged meet higher environmental requirements.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an exhaust system of a diesel locomotive disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of a diesel locomotive exhaust system disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a muffler and a mixer in an exhaust system of a diesel locomotive disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a side view of an exhaust system of a diesel locomotive disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Controller bracket 1. Controller bracket; 2. Controller; 3. Plumbing solenoid valve; 4. Transition body; 5. Bellows; 6. Mounting bracket; 611, First column; 612, Second column; 62, Beam ; 631, the first pallet; 632, the second pallet; 7, the mixer; 8, the metering unit; 9, the connecting pipe; 91, the bending part; 10, the wire shock absorber; 13, exhaust pipe; 14, bellows; 15, chimney; 16, rain cap; 17, exhaust system mounting bracket; 18, internal combustion engine.
  • an exhaust system of a diesel locomotive includes:
  • a mixer 7 for mixing the urea solution with the exhaust gas is connected with a urea injection device, and the urea injection device is controlled by the controller 2 and driven by a locomotive air source;
  • Filter 12 for filtering particulate matter in exhaust gas
  • the mounting bracket 6 includes uprights provided on both sides of the internal combustion engine and a
  • the urea injection device injects the urea solution into the mixer, the exhaust gas is discharged from the internal combustion engine, enters the mixer to be mixed with the urea solution, and passes through the muffler and the filter in sequence.
  • the urea solution is stored in the urea tank, and is injected into the mixer 7 through the urea pipeline and the urea injection device.
  • the bellows 5 enters the mixer 7 and is fully mixed with the urea solution spray in the mixer 7.
  • the mixed gas passes through the connecting pipe 9 and enters the muffler 11, where a catalytic reduction reaction occurs in the muffler 11, reducing the nitrogen in the exhaust gas oxide.
  • the use of bellows connection can make up for installation errors and reduce the vibration and shock generated by each component during the working process.
  • the mixed gas after the catalytic reduction reaction enters the filter 12, the filter 12 filters out the particulate matter in the mixed gas, and the filtered mixed gas passes through the exhaust pipe 13 and enters the bellows 14.
  • the bellows 14 is used for two sets of high-power internal combustion engines.
  • the exhaust gas of the exhaust system is collected and finally discharged into the atmosphere through the chimney 15 .
  • a rain cap 16 is provided at the exit of the chimney 15 to prevent the entry of rain, snow and sundries in the external environment.
  • the column includes a first column 611 and a second column 612, the distance between the two first columns is greater than the distance between the two second columns, the first column 611 is located in the middle of the internal combustion engine 18, and the distance between the two first columns 611 It is larger, which is convenient for the layout of the internal combustion engine.
  • the supporting plate includes a first supporting plate 631 and a second supporting plate 632.
  • the first column 611 includes two first supporting pieces.
  • the upright column includes a second support member, a second support plate is arranged on the outer side of the second support member, and the first support plate is close to the exhaust port of the internal combustion engine.
  • the two first supports fix the first pallet, the structure is stable and the strength is high, and other pipelines can be arranged in the space between the two first supports, and the second column adopts a second support.
  • the gravity that the plate bears is slightly lower than that of the first pallet.
  • the connecting pipe includes two bends, each of which changes the exhaust direction of the exhaust by 90°.
  • the two 90° bends make the entire connecting pipe bend up to 180°, even if the exhaust gas is discharged in the opposite direction, forming a folded path, the space occupied by the two 90° bends is less than the space occupied by one 180° bend,
  • the setting of the exhaust emission path can complete the setting of all components in a limited space to meet the exhaust emission requirements.
  • the connecting pipe 9 adopts a hose, which changes the discharge direction of the exhaust gas. It can be seen from Figure 1 that the exhaust gas discharge direction before the mixer is from left to right. Flow right to left. In this arrangement, the mixer is placed under the muffler, and the hose is only changed in direction twice, which meets the back pressure requirements of the exhaust system, does not affect the normal operation of the internal combustion engine, and takes up the smallest space, and finally can be used in a limited space. All components are installed inside. The use of hose connections can also compensate for installation errors and reduce vibration and shock generated by each component during work.
  • the urea injection device includes a metering unit 8 that controls the injection amount of the urea injection device.
  • the metering unit 8 is connected to the locomotive control module.
  • the locomotive control module requires the injection volume of the urea solution according to the rotational speed and output power of the diesel engine.
  • the exhaust volume varies under different working conditions. Correspondingly, the optimal mixing ratio of urea solution and exhaust gas is always achieved.
  • the filter 12 includes an active regeneration system for removing soot from the filter 12 .
  • the active regeneration system includes a differential pressure sensor, a first temperature sensor and an electric heater.
  • the differential pressure sensor is used to detect the pressure difference before and after the filter 12 , and the electric heater causes a high temperature to form in the filter 12 .
  • the first temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature in the filter 12, and the differential pressure sensor, the first temperature sensor and the electric heater are all connected to the locomotive control module. With the operation of the filter 12, more and more soot particles are generated, which causes the filter 12 to be blocked, resulting in a large pressure difference between the front and rear of the filter 12.
  • the pressure difference sensor detects that the pressure difference between the front and rear of the filter 12 is large, and the locomotive control module According to the detection result of the differential pressure sensor, it is judged that the electric heater needs to be activated, so that a high temperature is formed in the filter 12, the particulate matter filtered in the filter 12 is burned off, and the filtering back pressure is reduced.
  • the first temperature sensor detects the temperature in the filter 12, When the temperature in the filter 12 is greater than 400°C, the locomotive control module turns off the electric heater.
  • the urea injection device is connected with the urea solution tank through a urea solution pipeline, and a cooling water pipe is arranged outside the urea solution pipeline, and the cooling water pipe is used to cool the locomotive internal combustion engine, and the temperature of the cooling water increases with the operation of the locomotive,
  • a plumbing solenoid valve 3 is arranged on the cooling water pipe, and the plumbing solenoid valve 3 is connected to the locomotive control module.
  • the urea solution will crystallize at a lower temperature.
  • the locomotive control module opens the plumbing solenoid valve 3 to circulate the cooling water of the internal combustion engine into the cooling water pipe outside the urea solution pipeline. , heating the urea solution.
  • the steel wire shock absorber 10 is also included, and the steel wire shock absorber 10 is arranged between the muffler 11 and the muffler bracket 6 .
  • the steel wire shock absorber 10 can absorb the high-frequency vibration generated by the muffler 11 during operation and reduce noise.
  • a second temperature sensor is arranged in the mixer for detecting the exhaust gas temperature, and the second temperature sensor is connected with the locomotive control module.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

一种内燃机车排气系统，包括：用于将尿素溶液与尾气混合的混合器（7），混合器（7）连接有尿素喷射装置，尿素喷射装置由控制器（2）控制，并由机车气源驱动；用于降低内燃机（18）排气噪音、并使尿素溶液与尾气中氮氧化物在其中发生反应的消音器（11）；用于处理尾气中颗粒物的过滤器（12）；混合器（7）、消音器（11）和过滤器（12）依次连接在排气管路上，尿素喷射装置将尿素溶液喷射至混合器（7）内，内燃机（18）排出的尾气在混合器（7）中与尿素溶液混合，并依次通过消音器（11）和过滤器（12）。通过尿素溶液与尾气混合，使尿素与尾气中氮氧化物发生反应，减少氮氧化物对大气的污染，同时过滤尾气中的颗粒污染物，使排放的尾气达到环保要求。

Description

一种内燃机车排气系统 技术领域
本发明涉及内燃机车尾气处理领域，尤其涉及一种内燃机车排气系统。
背景技术
随着人们对环保认识的逐渐提高，内燃机排放标准也随之提高。国内外专家普遍认为，仅仅通过优化燃烧等机内控制措施很难满足欧ⅢB、欧V排放标准的要求，如何减少尾气排放中的氮氧化物，以及减少固体颗粒物，成为业内需要面对的问题。
发明内容
本发明提供一种内燃机车排气系统，以克服上述问题。
一种内燃机车排气系统，包括：
用于将尿素溶液与尾气混合的混合器，所述混合器连接有尿素喷射装置，所述尿素喷射装置由控制器控制，并由机车气源驱动；
用于降低内燃机排气噪音、并使尿素溶液与尾气中氮氧化物在其中发生反应的消音器；
用于过滤尾气中颗粒物的过滤器；
用于固定所述混合器和消音器的安装支架；
所述内燃机侧面具有排气口，所述混合器与所述排气口相连，所述安装支架包括设于所述内燃机两侧的立柱和设于所述立柱顶部的横梁，所述横梁将所述消音器固定在所述内燃机上方，所述立柱上设有托板，所述托板将所述混合器固定在所述内燃机的侧面，所述混合 器和所述消音器通过连接管连接，所述连接管改变尾气的排气方向；
所述尿素喷射装置将尿素溶液喷射至所述混合器内，尾气从所述内燃机排出，进入所述混合器中与尿素溶液混合，并依次通过所述消音器和过滤器。
进一步地，所述立柱包括两个第一立柱和两个第二立柱，两个所述第一立柱之间的距离大于两个所述第二立柱之间的距离，所述托板包括第一托板和第二托板，所述第一立柱包括两个第一支撑件，所述第一支撑件之间设有所述第一托板，所述第二立柱包括一个第二支撑件，所述第二支撑件外侧设有所述第二托板，所述第一托板靠近所述内燃机的排气口。
进一步地，所述连接管包括两个弯曲部，每个弯曲部使尾气的排气方向改变90°。
进一步地，所述过滤器包括主动再生系统，所述主动再生系统包括压差传感器、第一温度传感器和电加热器，所述压差传感器用于检测所述过滤器前后压力差，所述电加热器使所述过滤器内形成高温，所述第一温度传感器用于检测所述过滤器内的温度，所述压差传感器、第一温度传感器和电加热器均与机车控制模块相连；
进一步地，所述尿素喷射装置包括计量单元，所述计量单元控制所述尿素喷射装置的喷射量。
进一步地，所述尿素喷射装置通过尿素溶液管路与尿素溶液罐相连，所述尿素溶液管路外设有冷却水管，所述冷却水管上设有水暖电磁阀，所述水暖电磁阀与机车控制模块相连。
进一步地，还包括钢丝减震器，所述钢丝减震器设于所述横梁和立柱之间。
进一步地，所述混合器中设有第二温度传感器。
进一步地，所述过滤器后依次设有风箱、烟囱和防雨帽。
本发明公开的内燃机车排气系统，通过尿素溶液与尾气混合，使尿素与尾气中氮氧化物发生反应，减少氮氧化物对大气的污染，同时 处理尾气中的颗粒污染物，使排放的尾气达到更高的环保要求。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例公开的内燃机车排气系统结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例公开的内燃机车排气系统正视结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例公开的内燃机车排气系统中消音器和混合器结构示意图；
图4为本发明实施例公开的内燃机车排气系统侧视结构示意图。
图中：1、控制器支架；2、控制器；3、水暖电磁阀；4、过渡体；5、波纹管；6、安装支架；611、第一立柱；612、第二立柱；62、横梁；631、第一托板；632、第二托板；7、混合器；8、计量单元；9、连接管；91、弯曲部；10、钢丝减震器；11、消音器；12、过滤器；13、排气管；14、风箱；15、烟囱；16、防雨帽；17、排气系统安装支架；18、内燃机。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
如图1-4所示，一种内燃机车排气系统，包括：
用于将尿素溶液与尾气混合的混合器7，所述混合器7连接有尿素喷射装置，所述尿素喷射装置由控制器2控制，并由机车气源驱动；
用于降低内燃机18排气噪音、并使尿素溶液与尾气中氮氧化物混合的消音器11；
用于过滤尾气中颗粒物的过滤器12；
用于固定所述混合器7和消音器11的安装支架6；
所述内燃机18两侧均具有排气口，所述混合器7共有两个，分别与两个所述排气口相连，所述安装支架6包括设于所述内燃机两侧的立柱和设于所述立柱顶部的横梁62，所述横梁62将所述消音器11固定在所述内燃机18上方，所述立柱上设有托板，所述托板将所述混合器7固定在所述内燃机18的侧面，所述混合器7和所述消音器11通过连接管9连接，所述连接管9改变尾气的排气方向；
所述尿素喷射装置将尿素溶液喷射至所述混合器内，尾气从所述内燃机排出，进入所述混合器中与尿素溶液混合，并依次通过所述消音器和过滤器。
尿素溶液储存在尿素罐中，通过尿素管路、尿素喷射装置喷射到混合器7中，机车上有压力空气作为机车气源，驱动尿素喷射装置喷射尿素溶液喷雾；尾气从内燃机经过过渡体4和波纹管5，进入混合器7，在混合器7中与尿素溶液喷雾充分混合，混合后的气体通过连接管9，进入消音器11，在消音器11中发生催化还原反应，减少尾气中的氮氧化物。采用波纹管连接，可以弥补安装误差，并降低各个零部件在工作过程中产生的振动和冲击。
经过催化还原反应的混合气体进入过滤器12，过滤器12把混合气体中的颗粒物过滤下来，经过过滤的混合气体通过排气管13，进入风箱14，风箱14用来将大功率内燃机的两套排气系统尾气进行汇集，最后经过烟囱15排放到大气中。烟囱15的出口处设有防雨帽16，防止外界环境中的雨、雪、杂物等进入。
立柱包括第一立柱611和第二立柱612，两个第一立柱之间的距离大于两个第二立柱之间的距离，第一立柱611处于内燃机18中部，两个第一立柱611之间距离较大，方便内燃机的布设，托板包括第一托板631和第二托板632，第一立柱611包括两个第一支撑件，第一支撑件之间设有第一托板，第二立柱包括一个第二支撑件，第二支撑件外侧设有第二托板，第一托板靠近内燃机的排气口。两个第一支撑件固定第一托板，结构稳固，强度高，而且两个第一支撑件之间的空间可以布设其他管线，第二立柱采用一个第二支撑件，一方面由于第二托板所承受的重力稍低于第一托板，另一方面，减少外侧的支撑件，可以留出更多的检修空间，方便检修作业。连接管包括两个弯曲部，每个弯曲部使尾气的排气方向改变90°。两个90°的弯曲部使整个连接管的弯曲度达到180°，即使尾气的排放方向相反，形成一个折回的路径，两个90°的弯曲所占空间小于一个180°的弯曲所占空间，这种尾气排放路径的设置，可以在有限的空间内，完成所有部件的设置，达到尾气排放要求。
连接管9采用软管，改变了尾气的排放方向，由图1可知，混合器之前的尾气排放方向为从左向右，经过软管，尾气与尿素溶液的混合气向上进入消音器，然后从右向左流动。这种布设方式，将混合器设于消音器下方，并且软管上仅进行两次方向改变，满足排气系统背压要求，不影响内燃机正常工作的同时，占用最小空间，最终在有限的空间内完成了全部部件的布设。采用软管连接，还可以弥补安装误差，并降低各个零部件在工作过程中产生的振动和冲击。
所述尿素喷射装置包括计量单元8，所述计量单元8控制所述尿素喷射装置的喷射量。计量单元8与机车控制模块相连，机车控制模块根据柴油机的转速和输出功率来要求尿素溶液的喷射量，不同工况下排气量是变化的，不同的尿素溶液喷射量与不同的排气量相对应，使尿素溶液与尾气始终达到最佳混合比。
所述过滤器12包括主动再生系统，所述主动再生系统用于去除过滤器12中的碳烟颗粒物。所述主动再生系统包括压差传感器、第 一温度传感器和电加热器，所述压差传感器用于检测所述过滤器12前后压力差，所述电加热器使所述过滤器12内形成高温，所述第一温度传感器用于检测所述过滤器12内的温度，所述压差传感器、第一温度传感器和电加热器均与机车控制模块相连。随着过滤器12的工作，碳烟颗粒物越来越多，使过滤器12被堵塞，造成过滤器12前后压差较大，压差传感器检测到过滤器12前后压差较大，机车控制模块根据压差传感器检测结果，判断需要启动电加热器，使过滤器12内形成高温，将过滤器12内过滤到的颗粒物燃烧掉，降低过滤背压，第一温度传感器检测过滤器12内温度，当过滤器12内温度大于400℃时，机车控制模块关闭电加热器。
所述尿素喷射装置通过尿素溶液管路与尿素溶液罐相连，所述尿素溶液管路外设有冷却水管，冷却水管用于冷却机车内燃机，其中的冷却水的温度随着机车的运行升高，所述冷却水管上设有水暖电磁阀3，所述水暖电磁阀3与机车控制模块相连。尿素溶液在较低温度下会出现结晶的现象，为了防止尿素溶液结晶，当环境温度低于7℃时，机车控制模块打开水暖电磁阀3，使内燃机冷却水循环进入尿素溶液管路外的冷却水管，加热尿素溶液。
进一步地，还包括钢丝减震器10，所述钢丝减震器10设于所述消音器11和消音器支架6之间。机车运转工况存在较大震动，钢丝减震器10可以吸收消音器11在工作时产生的高频振动，降低噪音。
混合器中设有第二温度传感器，用于检测尾气排放温度，第二温度传感器与机车控制模块连接。
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种内燃机车排气系统，其特征在于：包括：
    用于将尿素溶液与尾气混合的混合器，所述混合器连接有尿素喷射装置，所述尿素喷射装置由控制器控制，并由机车气源驱动；
    用于降低内燃机排气噪音、并使尿素溶液与尾气中氮氧化物在其中发生反应的消音器；
    用于过滤尾气中颗粒物的过滤器；
    用于固定所述混合器和消音器的安装支架；
    所述内燃机侧面具有排气口，所述混合器与所述排气口相连，所述安装支架包括设于所述内燃机两侧的立柱和设于所述立柱顶部的横梁，所述横梁将所述消音器固定在所述内燃机上方，所述立柱上设有托板，所述托板将所述混合器固定在所述内燃机的侧面，所述混合器和所述消音器通过连接管连接，所述连接管改变尾气的排气方向；
    所述尿素喷射装置将尿素溶液喷射至所述混合器内，尾气从所述内燃机排出，进入所述混合器中与尿素溶液混合，并依次通过所述消音器和过滤器。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种内燃机车排气系统，其特征在于：所述立柱包括两个第一立柱和两个第二立柱，两个所述第一立柱之间的距离大于两个所述第二立柱之间的距离，所述托板包括第一托板和第二托板，所述第一立柱包括两个第一支撑件，所述第一支撑件之间设有所述第一托板，所述第二立柱包括一个第二支撑件，所述第二支撑件外侧设有所述第二托板，所述第一托板靠近所述内燃机的排气口。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种内燃机车排气系统，其特征在于：所述连接管包括两个弯曲部，每个弯曲部使尾气的排气方向改变90°。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种内燃机车排气系统，其特征在于：所述过滤器包括主动再生系统，所述主动再生系统包括压差传感器、第一温度传感器和电加热器，所述压差传感器用于检测所述过滤器前 后压力差，所述电加热器使所述过滤器内形成高温，所述第一温度传感器用于检测所述过滤器内的温度，所述压差传感器、第一温度传感器和电加热器均与机车控制模块相连；
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的一种内燃机车排气系统，其特征在于：所述尿素喷射装置包括计量单元，所述计量单元控制所述尿素喷射装置的喷射量。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种内燃机车排气系统，其特征在于：所述尿素喷射装置通过尿素溶液管路与尿素溶液罐相连，所述尿素溶液管路外设有冷却水管，所述冷却水管上设有水暖电磁阀，所述水暖电磁阀与机车控制模块相连。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种内燃机车排气系统，其特征在于：还包括钢丝减震器，所述钢丝减震器设于所述横梁和立柱之间。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种内燃机车排气系统，其特征在于：所述混合器中设有第二温度传感器。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种内燃机车排气系统，其特征在于：所述过滤器后依次设有风箱、烟囱和防雨帽。
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