CN101180455A - 用于排气后处理系统的再生的方法 - Google Patents

用于排气后处理系统的再生的方法 Download PDF

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CN101180455A
CN101180455A CNA2005800499095A CN200580049909A CN101180455A CN 101180455 A CN101180455 A CN 101180455A CN A2005800499095 A CNA2005800499095 A CN A2005800499095A CN 200580049909 A CN200580049909 A CN 200580049909A CN 101180455 A CN101180455 A CN 101180455A
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catalytic reactor
air
exhaust
air inlet
treatment system
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佩尔·佩尔松
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Volvo Truck Corp
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Volvo Lastvagnar AB
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/22—Control of additional air supply only, e.g. using by-passes or variable air pump drives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于构成排气后处理系统的一部分的可再生装置(23)的再生的方法和装置。所述可再生装置(23)在连接于内燃机(10)的排气管路(22)中被设置在催化反应器(24)的上游。内燃机的部分进气在再生期间被引导至所述排气管路(22)，用以调节到催化反应器(24)的气流的温度。

Description

用于排气后处理系统的再生的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于构成排气后处理系统一部分的可再生装置的再生的方法和装置，所述可再生装置在连接于内燃机的排气管路中被设置在催化反应器的上游。
背景技术
在柴油发动机的燃烧过程中，除了水蒸气、二氧化氮和二氧化碳之外，还有烟灰微粒产生。还发现了少量的未燃烧碳氢化合物和一氧化碳。设有微粒过滤器的柴油发动机已经大大减少了微粒的排放。然而，微粒过滤器需要被或多或少地持续再生，以便不会变得充满，并且在排气系统上产生较高的压降。
过滤器可通过NO2自发地部分再生，但前提是温度要足够高并且有足够的NO2。在基于NO2的自发再生不令人满意作用的情况下，必须进行主动再生，也许仅仅是整个工作时间的一小部分，大约为几个百分点是这样的，但在这些时间上，进入到过滤器部分的气体温度必须升高到约600℃-650℃，以使废气中剩余的氧气能够氧化微粒。当此发生，烟灰在过滤器内部燃烧，更多的热被释放出来，而且出口温度在中度烟灰负荷的情况下可升高到700℃-750℃；如果烟灰负荷持续较长时间，那么温度可能更高。
如果除了微粒过滤器之外，排气后处理系统还包括其它类型的例如用于减少NOX的装置，那么例如可在微粒过滤器下游设置SCR催化剂。为了不危害SCR催化剂的寿命，进入到SCR催化剂中的气体温度不应超过580℃。因此，SCR催化剂必须被保护，以免受到发生基于氧气的主动再生进行时，在微粒过滤器后的气体温度的危害。
已经提出了各种可选方案，用来避免对位于可再生微粒过滤器下游的排气后处理装置的损坏。一种常见的方法是：设置越过SCR的旁流管路，但是，这样在烟灰再生继续进行时，不发生NOX减少。尽管只是工作时间的一小部分，但在烟灰再生进行时，排放物增加。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的在于提供一种可以实现可再生装置和位于其下游的催化反应器之间的气流的有效温度调节的方法和装置。这个目的通过根据权利要求1特征部分的方法和根据权利要求5特征部分的装置得以实现。
附图说明
将参照附图对本发明进行更为详细的描述，附图概略地示出了具有进气系统和根据本发明的排气系统的柴油发动机。
具体实施方式
附图示出了内燃机，以柴油发动机10为宜，其包括具有六个活塞缸12的发动机缸体11、进气歧管13和排气歧管14。从发动机排出的废气通过排气管路15而被引导至涡轮机装置16的涡轮机叶轮17。涡轮机轴18驱动涡轮机装置的压缩机叶轮19，压缩机叶轮19通过进气管道20压缩进气，并将进气继续输送经过进气冷却器21到达进气歧管13。燃料通过相应的喷射装置(未示出)供到汽缸12。尽管附图中所示的发动机具有六个汽缸，但本发明也可与其它的汽缸构造结合使用。
已经通过涡轮机装置16的废气经过排气管路22被引导到达可再生过滤器装置23，该过滤器装置23是用于从废气流中分离出微粒的柴油微粒过滤器(DPF)，这种过滤器与氧化催化剂顺序地工作。为此，氧化催化剂被安装在微粒过滤器的上游并与之紧邻，但也可以构思出的是，将微粒过滤器和氧化催化剂集成在一个共同的支撑结构上，将催化剂材料在该支撑结构上散布在过滤主体上。
排气管路22在微粒过滤器23的下游延伸到催化反应器24。催化反应器可包括选择性催化反应器(SCR)，例如，进入废气流中的混合还原剂、尿素或氨在SCR装置中与NOX进行化学反应，从而形成N2。然后，废气流被一直引导到大气中。当发生微粒过滤器的主动再生时，存在SCR装置被不利地暴露于高温下的风险。为了避免发生这种情况，管25构成进气管路20和排气管路22之间的连接，管25可以将冷的进气引导至排气管路22，用以调节到SCR装置24的废气流中的温度。阀26可以打开、关闭和调节经过管25的气流，使得在再生过程中能够保持适当的稀释程度，而不会有在发动机进气口侧进气压力不必要的损失。通过这种方式，微粒过滤器23的再生能够在NOX继续减少的同时进行，而不会存在损坏SCR装置的风险。
在后处理系统后利用空气进行稀释的方法的应用的另一个示例是，在LNA(稀燃NOX吸收器)后，利用净化催化剂上游的冷的进气稀释废气流。这样做的结果是，一方面在所述净化催化剂之前，温度被稍微降低，另一方面保证了氧气的获取(除了包含在净化催化剂内的氧气)。在由LNA进行硫再生的情况下，通常形成H2S，但是，如果在净化之前进行利用空气的稀释，则硫转变为SO2，且避免了气味影响。
用于在合适的位置稀释废气的空气可从发动机的进气系统中获得，在进气系统中的压力高于排气系统。压缩机后面的进气系统中的压力比排气系统中的压力高。然而，在零负荷时，压差可能不存在。为了对此进行补救，位于排气系统中的文氏管能够帮助从进气口侧吸走稀释空气。当空气从进气口侧被吸走时，可以在进气冷却器21之前、在压缩机后将空气直接排出，于是避免充气冷却器中的压降，或者，可以在进气冷却器后排出空气，这确实造成稍低的压力，但稀释空气的温度也变低，且能够减少稀释空气的必要量，以便在排气后处理系统的温度敏感部分之前获得指定的最大排气温度。
本发明不被认为限于上述的示意性实施例，而是在权利要求的范围内可以想到大量的进一步变化和修改。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于可再生装置(23)的再生的方法，所述可再生装置(23)构成排气后处理系统的一部分，所述可再生装置(23)在连接于内燃机(10)的排气管路(22)中被设置在催化反应器(24)的上游，其特征在于，内燃机的部分进气在再生期间被引导至所述排气管路(22)，用以调节到催化反应器(24)的气流的温度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于再生的方法，其特征在于，到排气管路(22)的所述进气的量被相对于到催化反应器(24)的所述气流的温度进行控制。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于再生的方法，其特征在于，所述进气在设置于进气管路中的进气冷却器(21)的上游被吸走。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于再生的方法，其特征在于，所述进气在设置于进气管路中的进气冷却器(21)的下游被吸走。
5.一种用于柴油发动机的排气后处理系统，所述系统包括带有可再生装置(23)的排气管路(22)，所述可再生装置(23)位于催化反应器(24)的上游，其特征在于，管(25)在可再生装置(23)和催化反应器(24)之间的某点处将发动机的进气管路(20)连接于排气管路(22)，所述管(25)能够将进气分流到排气管路，用以调节到催化反应器(24)的气流的温度。
6.根据权利要求5所述的排气后处理系统，其特征在于，管(25)设有可调阻气门(26)，用于调节经过所述管的气流。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的排气后处理系统，其特征在于，所述催化反应器包括用于减少废气流中的NOX的选择性催化反应器(24)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的排气后处理系统，其特征在于，所述可再生装置包括微粒过滤器。
9.根据权利要求5或6所述的排气后处理系统，其特征在于，所述催化反应器包括位于稀燃NOX吸收器下游的净化催化剂。
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