WO2022048018A1 - 一种自动辅助标定装置及其方法 - Google Patents

一种自动辅助标定装置及其方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022048018A1
WO2022048018A1 PCT/CN2020/128752 CN2020128752W WO2022048018A1 WO 2022048018 A1 WO2022048018 A1 WO 2022048018A1 CN 2020128752 W CN2020128752 W CN 2020128752W WO 2022048018 A1 WO2022048018 A1 WO 2022048018A1
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Prior art keywords
calibration
steel ball
tool
tube
auxiliary
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PCT/CN2020/128752
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
上官佳荣
乔天
杜思傲
甘博涵
荣健
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杭州键嘉机器人有限公司
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Priority to JP2022581513A priority Critical patent/JP2023532936A/ja
Priority to KR1020227045351A priority patent/KR20230015988A/ko
Publication of WO2022048018A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022048018A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J9/00Programme-controlled manipulators
    • B25J9/16Programme controls
    • B25J9/1628Programme controls characterised by the control loop
    • B25J9/1653Programme controls characterised by the control loop parameters identification, estimation, stiffness, accuracy, error analysis
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J19/00Accessories fitted to manipulators, e.g. for monitoring, for viewing; Safety devices combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with manipulators
    • B25J19/0095Means or methods for testing manipulators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J9/00Programme-controlled manipulators
    • B25J9/16Programme controls
    • B25J9/1679Programme controls characterised by the tasks executed
    • B25J9/1692Calibration of manipulator

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the technical field of medical devices, and in particular, to an automatic auxiliary calibration device and a method thereof.
  • the TCP (Tool center point) calibration of the robot arm is a key link in the application of the robot arm, also known as the end tool of the robot arm. It is connected to the flange of the robot arm. It is known that the flange is connected and the flange
  • the four-point method can be used to calculate the TCP.
  • the end tool is a hollow tubular tool
  • auxiliary tools can be used to complete the manual point collection operation.
  • the medical robotic arm has high requirements for accuracy.
  • the manual point collection is easy to affect its accuracy due to the uneven manpower applied, and the efficiency of manual point collection. lower, prolonging the preoperative preparation time.
  • the objects of the present disclosure include, for example, to provide an automatic auxiliary calibration device and a method thereof to solve at least one of the problems raised in the above background art.
  • an automatic auxiliary calibration device comprising a calibration steel ball, an auxiliary device is sleeved on the outer surface of the calibration steel ball, and the auxiliary device includes a collar, and the rear surface of the collar is equipped with a a connecting column, the rear end edge of the collar is provided with a chamfer, the outer surface of the connecting column is sleeved with a calibration pipe, the calibration steel ball includes a positioning steel ball, and a sleeve groove is opened on the front surface of the collar , the sleeve groove is sleeved on the outer surface of the steel ball, the outer surface of the positioning steel ball is equipped with a connecting rod, and the outer end of the calibration tube is equipped with a mechanical arm.
  • An automatic auxiliary calibration method including the following methods:
  • the coordinate coefficient value of the center Ot of the coordinate system at the end of the calibration tube is ⁇ Xt, Yt, Zt ⁇ ;
  • the pose data of the flange is collected at a certain angle, and every 4 pose data is a group, and the TCP data is obtained by the four-point method.
  • the physical location of the calibration tube TCP point is located coincident with the calibration tube axis O 1 when the aid is not used.
  • the physical location of the calibration tube TCP point is located coincident with the calibration tube axis O 1 .
  • the center of the spherical surface on the auxiliary device is used as the center point of the tool.
  • the cross-section of the inner wall of the auxiliary device is circular.
  • the aid is configured to use a concave spherical surface to mate with a calibrated steel ball of the same size to help the tool determine a point not on the tool surface as the tool center.
  • the part where the top surface A1 of the calibration tube intersects with the inner wall is a standard circle, and the standard circle is buckled on the spherical surface to ensure that a straight line that passes through the center of the circle and extends to the normal direction of the plane where the circle is located must pass through
  • the center of the steel ball is calibrated, and the distance between the center of the ball and the center of the circle is unchanged.
  • the calibration tube (2) is a straight-tube calibration tube (2).
  • the calibration tube and the calibration steel ball that are fastened to the spherical surface of the calibration steel ball by the auxiliary device are regarded as a whole, which is named as a tool.
  • the auxiliary device is installed on the front end of the sleeve, the auxiliary device is attached to the The spherical center of the sphere is used as the tool center point.
  • the physical position of the tool TCP point coincides with the axis O 1 of the calibration tube, and there is a certain offset from the top surface A 1 of the calibration tube, and the offset direction is a direction away from the tool.
  • the offset distance of the physical position of the tool TCP point from the top surface A1 of the calibration pipe is On the side away from the calibration tube, rs is the radius of the inner wall of the sleeve.
  • the offset distance between the tool TCP point and the top surface A1 of the calibration pipe is determined by the size La of the auxiliary calibration tool from the top surface A1 of the calibration pipe.
  • the distance between the top surface A1 of the rear calibration tube and the center of the concave spherical surface of the auxiliary device is determined by the size La of the auxiliary calibration tool from the top surface A1 of the calibration pipe.
  • the robotic arm when in use, applies an appropriate amount of force in the axial direction of the calibration tube, and this direction is set as the Z-axis direction.
  • the mechanical arm is set to the impedance mode, at this time, the rotational and translational damping in all directions is reduced, so that it can move more freely.
  • the calibration tube and the steel ball that are buckled on the spherical surface of the calibration steel ball by the auxiliary tool can be regarded as a whole, that is, a new tool, and the relative rotation of the calibration tube around the surface of the steel ball can also be regarded as the fixed-point motion of the new tool .
  • the relative motion is the rotation around the X and Y axes, and the translation is set to 0.
  • the damping of the mechanical arm is small, and with the help of auxiliary tools, the calibration tube is not easy to fall off, so the calibration tube starts to automatically move around the spherical surface without the need for pose data. , and collect the pose data in real time, and use the four-point method to solve the TCP data.
  • the motion is stopped and the calculation result is output.
  • the beneficial effects of the present disclosure are: the present disclosure provides a fast, easy-to-operate, and accurate method for the TCP calibration of tubular tools, and the use of an auxiliary device can reduce the separation of the tool from the calibration steel ball when moving. Risks, limit its movement, so as to realize the automatic calibration process; the practice of using a tool to buckle the calibration steel ball is easier to operate and implement than the traditional TCP calibration, which requires a certain point to touch the tip accurately; using the automatic calibration method avoids manual labor Errors caused by operation, through automatic calculation and automatic testing, improve the efficiency of transportation and point collection, thereby reducing the preoperative preparation time.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a casing calibration method provided by the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the calibration steps of the casing calibration method provided by the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the calibration steel ball and the auxiliary device provided by the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the cut-away structure of the calibration steel ball and the auxiliary device provided by the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an auxiliary device provided by the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a cutaway structure of an auxiliary device provided by the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the aid calibration method provided by the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a calibration structure provided by the present disclosure.
  • the automatic auxiliary calibration device includes a calibration steel ball 1, an auxiliary device 3 is sleeved on the outer surface of the calibration steel ball 1, and the auxiliary device 3 includes a collar 31 , the rear surface of the collar 31 is equipped with a connecting column 33, the rear edge of the collar 31 is provided with a chamfer 32, the outer surface of the connecting column 33 is sleeved with a calibration tube 2, and the calibration steel ball 1 includes a positioning steel ball 11.
  • the front surface of the ring 31 is provided with a sleeve groove 34 , which is sleeved on the outer surface of the steel ball 11 , the outer surface of the positioning steel ball 11 is equipped with the connecting rod 12 , and the outer end of the calibration tube 2 is equipped with a mechanical arm 4 .
  • an automatic auxiliary calibration method includes the following steps:
  • the coordinate coefficient value of the center Of of the flange coordinate system be ⁇ Xf, Yf, Zf ⁇ ,
  • the coordinate coefficient value of the center Ot of the coordinate system at the end of the calibration tube 2 is ⁇ Xt, Yt, Zt ⁇ ;
  • the pose data of the flange is collected at a certain angle, and every 4 pose data is a group (including, but not limited to, 4 pose data), and
  • the TCP data is obtained by the four-point method.
  • This method performs automatic calibration by combining force control and auxiliary tools, without manually adjusting the pose of the robotic arm and collecting data.
  • the displacement operation is automatically performed by the control equipment of the robotic arm, and the corresponding force feedback data is collected. It is used for the calculation of the four-point method, and the automatic process is used to reduce the error caused by manual operation, reduce the workload, and improve the calibration speed;
  • This method uses the principle of the four-point method to calibrate the TCP, but is not limited to collecting data from four points for calibration. Similar structures or methods are used. This method automatically collects and calculates multiple sets of TCP data, and outputs the TCP only when the error is less than the allowable range. Numerical values, using similar structures and methods;
  • the present disclosure adopts the method of socketing the auxiliary device 3 and the calibration tube 2 on the outer surface of the steel ball for calibration to perform the calculation of the tool center point for calibrating the manipulator.
  • the test methods of the two schemes are the same, and the difference is There are only two ways of using the calibration tube 2 or the auxiliary device 3. This solution can ensure the accuracy of the calibration result as long as the machining accuracy of the parts is guaranteed.
  • the physical position of the TCP point of the calibration tube 2 is located to coincide with the axis O 1 of the calibration tube 2 , and the axis of the calibration tube 2 is O 1 , as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 7, and the calibration tube 2
  • the top surface is A 1 .
  • the auxiliary device 3 when the auxiliary device 3 is used, the physical position of the TCP point of the calibration tube 2 is located to coincide with the axis O 1 of the calibration tube 2.
  • the spherical center of the spherical surface on the auxiliary device 3 can be used as the The center point of the tool is shown in Figure 7.
  • the auxiliary device 3 is installed and matched with the tool to be calibrated, so the auxiliary device 3 can be but not limited to the case where the inner wall of the tool is circular; the innovation and protection point of the auxiliary device 3 is that it uses a concave spherical surface.
  • Cooperating with the calibration steel ball 1 of the same size can help the tool to determine a point not on the tool surface as the tool center.
  • the part where the top surface A1 of the calibration tube 2 intersects with the inner wall is a standard circle.
  • the standard circle is buckled on the spherical surface to ensure that a straight line that passes through the center of the circle and extends to the normal direction of the plane where the circle is located must pass through the calibration steel ball 1 ball.
  • the method can be but not limited to a straight cylinder tool , for other tubular structures where the top surface and the inner wall intersect with a circle, the calibration method of using the calibration steel ball 1 to assist the calibration tube 2 is still applicable.
  • the calibration tube 2 and the calibration steel ball 1, which are buckled on the spherical surface of the calibration steel ball by the auxiliary device 3, are regarded as a whole and named as a tool.
  • the auxiliary device 3 is installed at the front end of the sleeve, the spherical surface of the auxiliary device 3 is installed The center of the sphere serves as the tool center point.
  • the physical position of the tool TCP point coincides with the axis O 1 of the calibration tube 2, and there is a certain offset from the top surface A 1 of the calibration tube (2), and the offset direction is the direction away from the tool.
  • the offset distance from the physical position of the tool TCP point to the top surface A1 of the calibration tube 2 is: On the side away from the calibration tube 2, rs is the radius of the inner wall of the sleeve.
  • the offset distance between the tool TCP point and the top surface A1 of the calibration tube 2 is determined by the dimension La of the auxiliary calibration tool, which is the auxiliary distance from the top surface A1 of the calibration tube 2 after the auxiliary device 3 is installed on the calibration tube 2 The distance from the center of the device concave sphere.
  • the mechanical arm 4 When in use, the mechanical arm 4 applies an appropriate amount of force in the axial direction of the calibration tube 2, and this direction is set as the Z-axis direction. At the same time, the mechanical arm 4 is set to the impedance mode. At this time, the rotational and translational damping in all directions is reduced, so that it can move more freely. Next, start relative motion on the spherical surface according to the pre-set trajectory. At this time, the calibration tube 2 and the steel ball that are buckled on the spherical surface of the calibration steel ball 1 by the auxiliary tool can be regarded as a whole, that is, a new tool, and the relative rotation of the calibration tube 2 around the surface of the steel ball can also be regarded as a new tool. fixed-point motion.
  • the relative motion is the rotation around the X and Y axes, and the translation is set to 0.
  • the damping of the mechanical arm 4 is small, and with the help of the auxiliary tool, the calibration tube 2 is not easy to fall off, so the calibration tube 2 starts winding without the need for pose data.
  • the present disclosure provides a fast, easy-to-operate, and accurate method for TCP calibration of tubular tools, and the use of an auxiliary device can reduce the risk of the tool being detached from the calibration steel ball when moving, and limit its movement, thereby realizing an automatic calibration process; using the tool Compared with the traditional TCP calibration, the method of clasping the calibration steel ball needs to precisely touch the tip at a certain point, which is easier to operate and implement; the fully automatic calibration method avoids the error caused by manual operation, The test improves the efficiency of transportation and point collection, which in turn reduces the preoperative preparation time.

Abstract

本公开公开了一种自动辅助标定装置及其方法,包括标定钢球,标定钢球的外表面套接有辅助器,辅助器的外表面套接有标定管,利用辅助器或者直接使用标定管套接在标定钢球外表面进行滑动测试距离的方法,得出更加准确的TCP,本公开为管状工具的TCP标定提供了一种快速、易于操作、精准的方法,使用辅助器可以减少工具在移动时与标定钢球脱离的风险,限制其移动,从而实现自动标定过程;使用工具扣住标定钢球的做法相对于传统TCP标定需要精准地使用某一点触碰尖端,更加容易操作和实施;使用全自动标定方法避免了人工操作带来的误差,通过全自动的运算和自动化的测试,提高了运输和采点的效率,进而降低了术前准备时间。

Description

一种自动辅助标定装置及其方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2020年09月05日提交中国专利局的申请号为202010924485.9、名称为“一种自动辅助标定装置及其方法”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本公开涉及医疗器械技术领域,具体而言涉及一种自动辅助标定装置及其方法。
背景技术
机械臂的TCP(Tool centre point工具中心点)标定是机械臂应用的关键环节,也称为机械臂末端工具,其与机械臂的法兰盘相连接,已知法兰盘相连接以及法兰盘的位姿参数,为求得TCP相对于法兰盘的位姿参数,可以采用四点法原理来计算TCP。当末端工具为中空管状工具时,可以借用辅助工具来完成手动采点操作,医疗机械臂对于精度要求较高,手动采点由于施加的人力不均匀,容易影响其精度,并且手动采点的效率较低,延长了术前准备时间。
发明内容
本公开的目的包括,例如提供一种自动辅助标定装置及其方法,以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题中的至少一种。
本公开提供如下技术方案:一种自动辅助标定装置,包括标定钢球,所述标定钢球的外表面套接有辅助器,所述辅助器包括套环,所述套环的后表面装配有连接柱,所述套环的后端边缘处开设有倒角,所述连接柱的外表面套接有标定管,所述标定钢球包括定位钢珠,所述套环的前表面开设有套槽,所述套槽套接在钢珠的外表面,所述定位钢珠的外表面装配有连接杆,所述标定管的外侧端装配有机械臂。
一种自动辅助标定方法,包括以下方法:
A.将标定管安装在机械臂末端法兰外表面;
令法兰坐标系的中心Of的坐标系数值为{Xf,Yf,Zf},
同理,令机械臂基坐标系的中心Or的坐标系数值为{Xr,Yr,Zr},
同理,标定管末端的坐标系的中心Ot的坐标系数值为{Xt,Yt,Zt};
B.在机械臂坐标系中固定一个半径为r b的标定钢球,即标定钢球与机械臂需要保持严格的相对固定,同时将标定管安装在机械臂末端法兰的外表面;
C.将辅助器安装在标定管的内表面,并将辅助器扣在标定钢球外表面,此时以标定 管的轴线O 1为高线,标定钢球的球心为顶点,生成一顶角为120°的圆锥曲面,该圆锥曲面与标定钢球球面的交线即为标定管的运动路线;
D.将机械臂设置为阻抗模式,并沿着标定管轴线O 1朝向钢球的方向施加一定的力,标定管即被扣在钢球表面,此时以标定管轴线O 1为L 1,圆锥曲面的母线为L 2
L 1在空间中的位姿数据为
Figure PCTCN2020128752-appb-000001
L 2在空间中的位姿数据为
Figure PCTCN2020128752-appb-000002
由于两直线在球心相交,看作位于同一位置,但是方向不同,所以机械臂执行的运动量为T3=T2 -1*T1;
E.在机械臂的运动轨迹上,每间隔一定的角度采集一次法兰的位姿数据,每4个位姿数据为一组,并通过四点法求得TCP数据。当两组TCP的误差小于容许值后,计算停止,否则重复以上自动运动步骤A-D。
在一种或多种实施方式中,未使用辅助器时,标定管TCP点的物理位置位于重合于标定管轴线O 1
在一种或多种实施方式中,使用了辅助器时,标定管TCP点的物理位置位于重合于标定管轴线O 1
在一种或多种实施方式中,所述辅助器安装在标定管前端后将辅助器上的球面的球心作为工具中心点。
在一种或多种实施方式中,所述辅助器的内壁截面为圆形。
在一种或多种实施方式中,所述辅助器被配置为使用凹球面与同尺寸的标定钢球配合以帮助工具确定一个不在工具表面的点作为工具中心。
在一种或多种实施方式中,标定管的顶面A 1与内壁相交的部分为标准圆,标准圆扣在球面上可以保证经过圆心,向圆所在平面的法向延伸的直线,必定通过标定钢球球心, 且球心与圆心距离不变。
在一种或多种实施方式中,所述标定管(2)为直筒类的标定管(2)。
在一种或多种实施方式中,将通过辅助器扣在标定钢球球面的标定管和标定钢球看作一个整体,命名为工具,所述辅助器安装在套筒前端后将辅助器上的球面的球心作为工具中心点。
在一种或多种实施方式中,工具TCP点的物理位置与标定管的轴线O 1相重合,距离标定管顶面A 1存在一定偏移,偏移方向为远离工具的方向。
在一种或多种实施方式中,工具TCP点物理位置距离标定管顶面A 1的偏移距离为
Figure PCTCN2020128752-appb-000003
位于远离标定管的一侧,r s为套筒内壁的半径。
在一种或多种实施方式中,工具TCP点距离标定管顶面A 1的偏移距离,由标定管顶面A 1由辅助标定工具尺寸L a决定,L a为标定管装上辅助器后标定管顶面A 1距离辅助装置凹球面球心的距离。
在一种或多种实施方式中,在使用时,机械臂在标定管的轴向方向施加适当大小的力,并设此方向为Z轴方向。同时,将机械臂设置为阻抗模式,此时各方向的转动和平移阻尼减小,使其可以较为自由地运动。接下来根据提前设定好的轨迹开始在球面上进行相对运动。此时可以将通过辅助工具扣在标定钢球球面的标定管和钢球看作一个整体,也就是一个新的工具,那标定管绕钢球表面的相对转动也可以看作新工具的定点运动。相对运动为绕X,Y轴方向的转动,并且将平移量设置为0。此时,由于存在沿标定管的力,机械臂阻尼较小,并且在辅助工具的帮助下,标定管不容易脱落,所以标定管在不需要位姿数据的情况下开始做绕球面的自动运动,并实时采集位姿数据,采用四点法解算TCP数据。
在一种或多种实施方式中,当多个TCP数据之间的差值小于允许误差时,运动停止,输出计算结果。
与现有技术相比,本公开的有益效果是:本公开为管状工具的TCP标定提供了一种快速、易于操作、精准的方法,使用辅助器可以减少工具在移动时与标定钢球脱离的风险,限制其移动,从而实现自动标定过程;使用工具扣住标定钢球的做法相对于传统TCP标定需要精准地使用某一点触碰尖端,更加容易操作和实施;使用全自动标定方法避免了人工操作带来的误差,通过全自动的运算和自动化的测试,提高了运输和采点的效率, 进而降低了术前准备时间。
附图说明
图1为本公开提供的套管标定法截面示意图;
图2为本公开提供的套管标定法标定步骤示意图;
图3为本公开提供的标定钢球和辅助器装配示意图;
图4为本公开提供的标定钢球和辅助器剖切结构示意图;
图5为本公开提供的辅助器结构示意图;
图6为本公开提供的辅助器剖切结构示意图;
图7为本公开提供的辅助器标定法截面示意图;
图8为本公开提供的标定结构示意图。
图中:1、标定钢球,11、定位钢珠,12、连接杆,2、标定管,3、辅助器,31、套环,32、倒角,33、连接柱,34、套槽,4、机械臂。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本公开实施例中的附图,对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本公开一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本公开中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本公开保护的范围。
请参阅图1-4,本公开提供一种技术方案:根据本公开的自动辅助标定装置包括标定钢球1,标定钢球1的外表面套接有辅助器3,辅助器3包括套环31,套环31的后表面装配有连接柱33,套环31的后端边缘处开设有倒角32,连接柱33的外表面套接有标定管2,标定钢球1包括定位钢珠11,套环31的前表面开设有套槽34,套槽34套接在钢珠11的外表面,定位钢珠11的外表面装配有连接杆12,标定管2的外侧端装配有机械臂4。
根据本公开提供了一种自动辅助标定方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
A.将标定管2安装在机械臂4末端法兰外表面;
例如,令法兰坐标系的中心Of的坐标系数值为{Xf,Yf,Zf},
同理,令机械臂4基坐标系的中心Or的坐标系数值为{Xr,Yr,Zr},
同理,标定管2末端的坐标系的中心Ot的坐标系数值为{Xt,Yt,Zt};
B.在机械臂4坐标系中固定一个半径为r b的标定钢球1,即,使得标定钢球1与机械臂4保持严格的相对固定,同时将标定管2安装在机械臂4末端法兰的外表面;
C.将辅助器3安装在标定管2的内表面,并将辅助器3扣在标定钢球1外表面,此时,以标定管2的轴线O 1为高线,标定钢球1的球心为顶点,生成一顶角为120°的圆锥曲面,该圆锥曲面与标定钢球1球面的交线即为标定管2的运动路线;
D.将机械臂4设置为阻抗模式,并沿着标定管2轴线O 1朝向钢球的方向施加一定的力,标定管2即被扣在钢球表面,此时以标定管2轴线O 1为L 1,圆锥曲面的母线为L 2
L 1在空间中的位姿数据为
Figure PCTCN2020128752-appb-000004
L 2在空间中的位姿数据为
Figure PCTCN2020128752-appb-000005
由于两直线在球心相交,看作位于同一位置,但是方向不同,所以机械臂4执行的运动量为T3=T2 -1*T1;
E.在机械臂4的运动轨迹上,例如,每间隔一定的角度采集一次法兰的位姿数据,每4个位姿数据为一组(包括,但不限于4个位姿数据),并通过四点法求得TCP数据。当两组TCP的误差小于容许值后,计算停止,否则重复以上自动运动步骤A-D;
本方法通过力控和辅助工具结合的方式进行全自动标定,无需手动调整机械臂位姿,并采集数据,该过程均通过机械臂的控制设备自动进行位移操作,并采集对应的力反馈数据,用于四点法的计算,利用自动化的过程,减少手工操作所带来的误差,降低工作量,提高标定速度;
本方法使用四点法原理标定TCP,但不限于采集四个点的数据进行标定,使用了类似结构或者方法,本方法自动采集并计算多组TCP数据,只有当误差小于允许范围时才输出TCP数值,使用了类似结构和方法;
并且本公开采用了辅助器3和标定管2两种方案套接在钢球的外表面进行标定的方法进行工具中心点的运算,以用于校准机械臂,两种方案的测试方法相同,区别仅在于使用标定管2或者辅助器3的两种方式,该方案只要保证了零件加工精度,即可保证标定结果的精度。
具体而言,未使用辅助器3时,标定管2TCP点的物理位置位于重合于标定管2轴线O 1,标定管2轴线为O 1,如图例1和图例7所示,并且标定管2的顶面为A 1
具体而言,使用了辅助器3时,标定管2TCP点的物理位置位于重合于标定管2轴线O 1,辅助器3安装在标定管2前端后可以将辅助器3上的球面的球心作为工具中心点详见图例7,辅助器3与被标定工具进行安装配合,所以辅助器3可以但不限于工具内壁截面为圆形的情况;辅助器3的创新点以及保护点在于,使用凹球面与同尺寸的标定钢球1配合可以帮助工具确定一个不在工具表面的点作为工具中心。
具体而言,标定管2的顶面A 1与内壁相交的部分为标准圆,标准圆扣在球面上可以保证经过圆心,向圆所在平面的法向延伸的直线,必定通过标定钢球1球心,且球心与圆心距离不变,对于直筒类的标定管2,标定管2的轴线O 1必定通过球心,详见附图1与附图7,但该方法可以但不限于直筒工具,对于顶面与内壁相交部分为圆的其他管状结构,使用标定钢球1辅助标定管2的标定方法依然适用。
具体而言,将通过辅助器3扣在标定钢球球面的标定管2和标定钢球1看作一个整体,命名为工具,辅助器3安装在套筒前端后将辅助器3上的球面的球心作为工具中心点。
具体而言,工具TCP点的物理位置与标定管2的轴线O 1相重合,距离标定管(2)顶面A 1存在一定偏移,偏移方向为远离工具的方向。
具体而言,工具TCP点物理位置距离标定管2顶面A 1的偏移距离为
Figure PCTCN2020128752-appb-000006
位于远离标定管2的一侧,r s为套筒内壁的半径。
具体而言,工具TCP点距离标定管2顶面A 1的偏移距离,由辅助标定工具尺寸L a决定,L a为标定管2装上辅助器3后标定管2顶面A 1距离辅助装置凹球面球心的距离。
在使用时,机械臂4在标定管2的轴向方向施加适当大小的力,并设此方向为Z轴方向。同时,将机械臂4设置为阻抗模式,此时各方向的转动和平移阻尼减小,使其可以较为自由地运动。接下来根据提前设定好的轨迹开始在球面上进行相对运动。此时可以将通过辅助工具扣在标定钢球1球面的标定管2和钢球看作一个整体,也就是一个新的工具,那标定管2绕钢球表面的相对转动也可以看作新工具的定点运动。相对运动为绕X,Y轴方向的转动,并且将平移量设置为0。此时,由于存在沿标定管2的力,机械 臂4阻尼较小,并且在辅助工具的帮助下,标定管2不容易脱落,所以标定管2在不需要位姿数据的情况下开始做绕球面的自动运动,并实时采集位姿数据,采用四点法解算TCP数据。
当多个TCP数据之间的差值小于允许误差时,运动停止,输出计算结果。
尽管已经示出和描述了本公开的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本公开的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本公开的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
工业实用性
本公开为管状工具的TCP标定提供了一种快速、易于操作、精准的方法,使用辅助器可以减少工具在移动时与标定钢球脱离的风险,限制其移动,从而实现自动标定过程;使用工具扣住标定钢球的做法相对于传统TCP标定需要精准地使用某一点触碰尖端,更加容易操作和实施;使用全自动标定方法避免了人工操作带来的误差,通过全自动的运算和自动化的测试,提高了运输和采点的效率,进而降低了术前准备时间。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种自动辅助标定装置,包括标定钢球(1),其特征在于:所述标定钢球(1)的外表面套接有辅助器(3),所述辅助器(3)包括套环(31),所述套环(31)的后表面装配有连接柱(33),所述套环(31)的后端边缘处开设有倒角(32),所述连接柱(33)的外表面套接有标定管(2),所述标定钢球(1)包括定位钢珠(11),所述套环(31)的前表面开设有套槽(34),所述套槽(34)套接在钢珠(11)的外表面,所述定位钢珠(11)的外表面装配有连接杆(12),所述标定管(2)的外侧端装配有机械臂(4)。
  2. 一种自动辅助标定装置的标定方法,该方法应用于权利要求1中的一种自动辅助标定装置中,其特征在于以下方法:
    A.将标定管(2)安装在机械臂(4)末端法兰外表面;
    令法兰坐标系的中心Of的坐标系数值为{Xf,Yf,Zf},
    同理,令机械臂(4)基坐标系的中心Or的坐标系数值为{Xr,Yr,Zr},
    同理,标定管(2)末端的坐标系的中心Ot的坐标系数值为{Xt,Yt,Zt};
    B.在机械臂(4)坐标系中固定一个半径为r b的标定钢球(1),即标定钢球(1)与机械臂(4)需要保持严格的相对固定,同时将标定管(2)安装在机械臂(4)末端法兰的外表面;
    C.将辅助器(3)安装在标定管(2)的内表面,并将辅助器(3)扣在标定钢球(1)外表面,此时以标定管(2)的轴线O 1为高线,标定钢球(1)的球心为顶点,生成一顶角为120°的圆锥曲面,该圆锥曲面与标定钢球(1)球面的交线即为标定管(2)的运动路线;
    D.将机械臂(4)设置为阻抗模式,并沿着标定管(2)轴线O 1朝向钢球的方向施加一定的力,标定管(2)即被扣在钢球表面,此时以标定管(2)轴线O 1为L 1,圆锥曲面的母线为L 2
    L 1在空间中的位姿数据为
    Figure PCTCN2020128752-appb-100001
    L 2在空间中的位姿数据为
    Figure PCTCN2020128752-appb-100002
    由于两直线在球心相交,看作位于同一位置,但是方向不同,所以机械臂(4)执行的运动量为T3=T2 -1*T1;
    E.在机械臂(4)的运动轨迹上,每间隔一定的角度采集一次法兰的位姿数据,每4个位姿数据为一组,并通过四点法求得TCP数据。当两组TCP的误差小于容许值后,计算停止,否则重复以上自动运动步骤A-D。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种自动辅助标定装置的标定方法,其特征在于:未使用辅助器(3)时,标定管(2)TCP点的物理位置位于重合于标定管(2)轴线O 1
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的一种自动辅助标定装置的标定方法,其特征在于:使用了辅助器(3)时,标定管(2)TCP点的物理位置位于重合于标定管(2)轴线O 1
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种自动辅助标定装置的标定方法,其特征在于:所述辅助器(3)安装在标定管(2)前端后将辅助器(3)上的球面的球心作为工具中心点。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种自动辅助标定装置的标定方法,其特征在于:所述辅助器(3)的内壁截面为圆形。
  7. 根据权利要求4-6中任一项所述的一种自动辅助标定装置的标定方法,其特征在于:所述辅助器(3)被配置为使用凹球面与同尺寸的标定钢球(1)配合以帮助工具确定一个不在工具表面的点作为工具中心。
  8. 根据权利要求3或4所述的一种自动辅助标定装置的标定方法,其特征在于:标定管(2)的顶面A 1与内壁相交的部分为标准圆,标准圆扣在球面上可以保证经过圆心,向圆所在平面的法向延伸的直线,必定通过标定钢球(1)球心,且球心与圆心距离不变。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种自动辅助标定装置的标定方法,其特征在于:所述标定管(2)为直筒类的标定管(2)。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种自动辅助标定装置的标定方法,其特征在于:将通过辅助器(3)扣在标定钢球球面的标定管(2)和标定钢球(1)看作一个整体,命名为工具,所述辅助器(3)安装在套筒前端后将辅助器(3)上的球面的球心作为工具中心点。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的一种自动辅助标定装置的标定方法,其特征在于:工具TCP点的物理位置与标定管(2)的轴线O 1相重合,距离标定管(2)顶面A 1存在一定偏移,偏移 方向为远离工具的方向。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的一种自动辅助标定装置的标定方法,其特征在于:工具TCP点物理位置距离标定管(2)顶面A 1的偏移距离为
    Figure PCTCN2020128752-appb-100003
    位于远离标定管(2)的一侧,r s为套筒内壁的半径。
  13. 根据权利要求11所述的一种自动辅助标定装置的标定方法,其特征在于:工具TCP点距离标定管(2)顶面A 1的偏移距离,由辅助标定工具尺寸L a决定,L a为标定管(2)装上辅助器(3)后标定管(2)顶面A 1距离辅助装置凹球面球心的距离。
  14. 根据权利要求2-13中任一项所述的一种自动辅助标定装置的标定方法,其特征在于:在使用时,所述机械臂(4)在所述标定管(2)的轴向方向施加适当大小的力,并设此方向为Z轴方向;同时,将所述机械臂(4)设置为阻抗模式,此时各方向的转动和平移阻尼减小,使其可以较为自由地运动;接下来根据提前设定好的轨迹开始在球面上进行相对运动;此时可以将通过辅助工具扣在所述标定钢球(1)球面的标定管(2)和钢球看作一个整体,也就是一个新的工具,那所述标定管(2)绕钢球表面的相对转动也可以看作新工具的定点运动,其中相对运动为绕X,Y轴方向的转动,并且将平移量设置为0;此时,由于存在沿所述标定管(2)的力,所述机械臂(4)阻尼较小,并且在辅助工具的帮助下,所述标定管(2)不容易脱落,所以所述标定管(2)在不需要位姿数据的情况下开始做绕球面的自动运动,并实时采集位姿数据,采用四点法解算TCP数据。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的一种自动辅助标定装置的标定方法,其特征在于:当多个TCP数据之间的差值小于允许误差时,运动停止,输出计算结果。
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CN110181558A (zh) * 2019-06-20 2019-08-30 佛山市天目工业测量科技有限公司 一种变臂关节式坐标测量机标定机器人的装置及其方法
CN111267092A (zh) * 2019-08-27 2020-06-12 上海飞机制造有限公司 标定机器人工具坐标系的方法和系统

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CN115521077A (zh) * 2022-10-28 2022-12-27 佛山市晶玻科技有限公司 曲面淋漆工艺
CN115521077B (zh) * 2022-10-28 2023-09-22 佛山市晶玻科技有限公司 曲面淋漆工艺

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