WO2022041844A1 - 叶片夹具和叶片吊装设备 - Google Patents

叶片夹具和叶片吊装设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022041844A1
WO2022041844A1 PCT/CN2021/093139 CN2021093139W WO2022041844A1 WO 2022041844 A1 WO2022041844 A1 WO 2022041844A1 CN 2021093139 W CN2021093139 W CN 2021093139W WO 2022041844 A1 WO2022041844 A1 WO 2022041844A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blade
main beam
clamping mechanism
guide rail
groove
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/093139
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
方晶
武宁
孟凯歌
黄可唯
黄建伟
苏伟
Original Assignee
江苏金风科技有限公司
成都世唯科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 江苏金风科技有限公司, 成都世唯科技有限公司 filed Critical 江苏金风科技有限公司
Priority to KR1020237010443A priority Critical patent/KR20230058665A/ko
Publication of WO2022041844A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022041844A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/10—Assembly of wind motors; Arrangements for erecting wind motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
    • B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
    • B66C1/42—Gripping members engaging only the external or internal surfaces of the articles
    • B66C1/44—Gripping members engaging only the external or internal surfaces of the articles and applying frictional forces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C13/00—Other constructional features or details
    • B66C13/04—Auxiliary devices for controlling movements of suspended loads, or preventing cable slack
    • B66C13/08—Auxiliary devices for controlling movements of suspended loads, or preventing cable slack for depositing loads in desired attitudes or positions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C13/00—Other constructional features or details
    • B66C13/18—Control systems or devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05B2230/60—Assembly methods
    • F05B2230/61—Assembly methods using auxiliary equipment for lifting or holding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the present disclosure belongs to the technical field of wind power generation, and in particular relates to a blade clamp and a blade hoisting device including the blade clamp.
  • the blade size of the wind turbine is also gradually increasing.
  • the length of the blade of the offshore wind turbine has exceeded 90 meters and the weight has exceeded 35 tons. Due to the weight of the blade, the blade is operated in the air. It is also increasingly difficult to attach accurately to the hub. How to safely and quickly align the blade and the hub at the pitch angle has become a difficult problem for the industry.
  • One of the main disclosure objectives of the present disclosure is to provide a blade clamp capable of pitching the blade, so as to facilitate the hoisting of the blade.
  • one aspect of the present disclosure provides a blade clamp, including: a main beam; ground connection to adjust the pitch angle of the blade; a pitch drive member for driving the blade clamping mechanism to rotate relative to the main beam; a guide rail formed on one of the blade clamping mechanism and the main beam; and a track groove formed in The other of the blade clamping mechanism and the main beam is on and movable relative to the guide rail.
  • Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a blade hoisting apparatus including the blade clamp as described above.
  • the single-blade spreader provided by the present disclosure has the following beneficial effects: the blade can be pitched during the assembly process of the wind turbine and the blade hoisting process, so as to connect the blade to the hub accurately, and pass the guide rail and the rail groove. Cooperate to further ensure the stability of the blade clamp with the blade pitch process.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a blade clamp according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is a partial structural schematic diagram showing the connection between the blade clamping mechanism and the main beam in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of part A in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded schematic view showing the connection of the blade clamping mechanism and the pitch drive member in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the state of the blade clamp in FIG. 1 before it is used for blade pitching.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the state after the blade clamp in FIG. 1 is used for blade pitching.
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged schematic view of part B in FIG. 4 .
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic diagram of a blade hoisting apparatus including a blade clamp according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic diagram of hoisting a blade by the blade hoisting device in FIG. 8 .
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purposes, and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as “first” or “second” may expressly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, “plurality” means two or more.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected” and “connected” should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection Connection, or integral connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication of two elements.
  • installed should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection Connection, or integral connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication of two elements.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a blade clamp according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded schematic view showing the connection of the blade clamping mechanism in FIG. 1 to the main beam.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of part A in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 4 is an exploded schematic view showing the connection of the blade clamping mechanism and the pitch drive member in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the state of the blade clamp in FIG. 1 before it is used for blade pitching.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the state after the blade clamp in FIG. 1 is used for blade pitching.
  • a blade clamp includes: a main beam 120 ; a blade clamping mechanism, which is provided at both ends of the main beam 120 , for clamping the blade 1 (see FIG. 7 ) ), the blade clamping mechanism is rotatably connected with the main beam 120 to adjust the pitch angle of the blade 1; the pitch driving member 141 drives the blade clamping mechanism to rotate relative to the main beam 120; the guide rail 142 is formed in the blade clamping on one of the mechanism and the main beam 120 ; and a track slot 143 formed on the other of the blade clamping mechanism and the main beam 120 and movable relative to the guide rail 142 .
  • the blade 1 can be pitched during the assembly process of the wind turbine and the blade hoisting process, so that the blade 1 is aligned with the hub and accurately connected to the hub, and the pitch is adjusted.
  • the cooperation of the guide rails 142 and the track grooves 143 helps the blade clamping mechanism to rotate stably relative to the main beam 120 , thereby ensuring the safety and stability of the blade clamp 100 during pitching with the blade 1 .
  • the blade clamping mechanism may include a blade tip clamping mechanism 110 for clamping the blade tip portion and a blade root clamping mechanism 130 for clamping the blade root portion.
  • the structures of the blade tip clamping mechanism 110 and the blade root clamping mechanism 130 are similar, and the difference between the two lies in the size of the clamping openings formed. 130 has a small clamping opening.
  • the size of the jaws of the blade tip clamping mechanism 110 and the blade root clamping mechanism 130 can be adjusted to be suitable for clamping blades 1 of different sizes, which is versatile.
  • the structure of the blade tip clamping mechanism 110 and the connection relationship with other components will be described in detail.
  • the blade tip clamping mechanism 110 includes a supporting arm 113 , a pressing arm 111 and a connecting arm 112 .
  • the supporting arm 113 and the pressing arm 111 form two clamp feet for clamping the opposite surfaces of the blade 1 , and the connecting arm 112 is connected to Between the supporting arm 113 and the pressing arm 111, a clamping structure having a "C" shape or a "C” shape is formed.
  • the shape of the blade tip clamping mechanism 110 is not limited to this, as long as the blade 1 can be accommodated and clamped.
  • the supporting arm 113 and the pressing arm 111 are respectively provided with conforming pressing members 114 .
  • the conformal pressing member 114 When clamping the blade 1 , the conformal pressing member 114 on the supporting arm 113 supports the lower surface of the blade 1 , and the conforming pressing member 114 on the pressing arm 111 presses the upper surface of the blade 1 .
  • the conformal pressing member 114 may be composed of a component whose shape or angle is adjusted according to the external force, so as to be able to conform to the surface of the blade 1 according to the size and airfoil of the blade 1 when clamping the blade 1 .
  • the conformable pressing member 114 may include a flexible material such as flexible steel plate, glass fiber reinforced plastic, nylon block, etc., so as to increase the buffer capacity and reduce the wear on the blade.
  • the main beam 120 may include a beam body 121 and legs 122 extending laterally with respect to the beam body 121 from both ends of the beam body 121 . As shown in FIG. 1 , the legs 122 may be substantially perpendicular to the main beam 120 .
  • the blade tip clamping mechanism 110 is provided on the outer side of the leg 122 , that is, facing the end surface of the main beam 120 .
  • the support arm 113 of the blade tip clamping mechanism 110 is connected to the legs 122 of the main beam 120 through the pin shaft 144 , so that the blade tip clamping mechanism 110 can rotate relative to the main beam 120 around the pin shaft 144 .
  • the guide rails 142 are formed on the tip clamping mechanism 110 and the track grooves 143 are formed on the main beam 120 .
  • the guide rail 142 is formed on the side surface of the connecting arm 112 facing the beam main body 121
  • the rail groove 143 is formed on the end surface of the beam main body 121 .
  • the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the positions of the guide rails 142 and the rail grooves 143 may be interchanged as required.
  • the track groove 143 may be an engaging groove, and the opening of the engaging groove faces the guide rail 142 .
  • the guide rail 142 may be a ridge guide rail formed with a protruding structure that can be inserted into the engaging groove.
  • the cross section of the groove wall of the track groove 143 may be a rectangle with rounded corners, and correspondingly, the cross section of the guide rail 142 may be formed as a rectangle with rounded corners.
  • the track grooves 143 and the guide rails 142 may extend along the trajectory of the blade tip clamping mechanism 110 rotating relative to the main beam 120, that is, the track grooves 143 and the guide rails 142 are generally arc-shaped along the length direction thereof.
  • the rail groove 143 and the guide rail 142 are nested and fitted through the convex and concave structures, and the cross section of the rail groove 143 and the guide rail 142 is formed into a rectangle with rounded corners, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto, the guide rail 142
  • the cross section of the track groove 143 can also be formed into other shapes such as triangle, trapezoid, rectangle, etc., and the track groove 143 and the guide rail 142 can also adopt known structures in the prior art, as long as the track groove 143 can be engaged with the guide rail 142 and It only needs to be slidable relative to the guide rail 142 .
  • the blade tip clamping mechanism 110 can play an auxiliary guiding role during the rotation of the blade tip clamping mechanism 110 relative to the main beam 120, and constrain the degree of freedom of the pitching process.
  • the guide rails 142 can be nested in the track grooves 143, so that in the length direction of the main beam 120 (span direction of the blade), the guide rails 142 and the track grooves 143 cannot be disengaged from each other, so that the pitch cylinder can also be solved.
  • the problem that the fulcrum cannot be found by single-point rotation, and the problem that the pin shaft is stuck when the blade clamp 100 drives the blade 1 to pitch, further ensures the stability of the blade clamp 100 during operation.
  • the track groove 143 and the guide rail 142 are designed to be along
  • the arc-shaped structure in the length direction can further solve the problem of the movable point support of the pitch cylinder, and at the same time avoid the risk of interference with the main beam 120 during the rotation of the pitch cylinder.
  • both the pin shaft 144 and the connecting column 145 are arranged on the support arm 113.
  • the support arm 113 will not bear too much torque, and the pitch cylinder also only bears The vertical (the direction of its expansion) tension.
  • the support arm 113 will be subjected to a large torque, on the one hand, the rotation of the pin 144 will be stuck, on the other hand , the pitch cylinder will rotate around the pin shaft 144 at a single point, and the pitch cylinder may be damaged due to vertical force (perpendicular to the telescopic direction).
  • the guide rails 142 and the rail grooves 143 are engaged with each other, and the torque borne by the support arm 113 will be greatly reduced, ensuring that the pliers feet and the main The rigidity between the beams 120 avoids the problem of the pin shaft 144 being stuck in rotation.
  • the pitch cylinder will be supported at two points of the pin shaft 144 and the guide rail 142, so as to avoid the risk of the pitch cylinder interfering with the main beam 120 due to the bending moment during the rotation of the blade tip clamping mechanism 110.
  • auxiliary grooves 142 a extending along the length direction of the guide rail 142 are respectively formed on two side surfaces of the guide rail 142 . Accordingly, auxiliary rails 143 a may be formed on the side surfaces of the rail grooves 143 along the length direction of the rail grooves 143 , and the auxiliary rails 143 a may be protrusions protruding outward from the inner side surfaces of the rail grooves 143 .
  • the auxiliary groove 142a may receive the auxiliary rail 143a and slide relative to the auxiliary rail 143a.
  • the auxiliary groove 142a may be formed as a rounded groove (for example, the cross section of the groove wall is a semicircle), and the auxiliary rail 143a may be formed as a rounded convex matched with the auxiliary groove 142a
  • the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the auxiliary rail 143a and the auxiliary groove 142a may also be formed into a structure with a cross-section of a triangle, a trapezoid, a rectangle, etc., as long as the auxiliary groove 142a and the auxiliary rail 143a can be engaged and can be opposed to each other. Just slide on the auxiliary rail 143a.
  • auxiliary rails 143a and the auxiliary grooves 142a By arranging the auxiliary rails 143a and the auxiliary grooves 142a, not only the engaging grooves of the rail grooves 143 are facilitated to slide along the guide rails 142, but also since the auxiliary rails 143a are accommodated in the auxiliary grooves 142a, they can also be guided to a certain extent.
  • the movement of the track groove 143 and the guide rail 142 can further prevent the track groove 143 and the guide rail 142 from shifting in the lateral direction (ie, the width direction of the snap groove), or even one side of the snap groove from the guide rail 142 Disengagement makes the blade tip clamping mechanism 110 rotate relative to the main beam 120 without disengagement, which further ensures the stability of the blade clamp 100 during operation.
  • auxiliary groove 142a is formed on the side surface of the guide rail 142 and the auxiliary rail 143a is formed on the inner side surface of the rail groove 143, but the positions of the auxiliary groove 142a and the auxiliary rail 143a may be changed as required. interchangeable.
  • the track groove 143 can slide relative to the guide rail 142, and the track groove 143 can slide from the direction perpendicular to the length of the blade
  • the guide rail 142 is disengaged.
  • the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and the auxiliary rails 143 a and the auxiliary grooves 142 a may not be provided, but the rail grooves 143 and the guide rails 142 may be formed into a structure nested with each other, so that the guide rails 142 are embedded in the rail grooves 143 and are limited to the rail grooves 143 Slide inside.
  • the guide rail 142 is formed as a ridged guide rail with a cross section of "T" and "L” shape. Accordingly, the track groove 143 needs to have a "T” and “L” shaped chute that can slide and fit with the ridged guide rail. Specifically, Ground, the opening side of the rail groove 143 is formed with a laterally protruding flange, and the laterally protruding portion of the "T"-shaped, "L”-shaped guide rail 142 is inserted into the rail groove 143 and supported by the flange, thereby preventing the rail 142 and the rail groove. 143 Both are separated in the longitudinal direction of the main beam 120 .
  • a guide rail 142 may also be formed on the other side surface of the connecting arm 112 opposite to the above-mentioned side surface. That is, the guide rails 142 are formed on both side surfaces of the connecting arm 112 so that the connection positions of the blade tip clamping mechanism 110 and the blade root clamping mechanism 130 at both ends of the main beam 120 can be interchanged. For example, when the orientation of the blade needs to be adjusted but the position of the blade clamp cannot be adjusted, it is only necessary to adjust the position where the main beam 120 is connected to the two side surfaces of the connecting arm 112 , which increases the versatility of the blade clamp 100 .
  • the pitch drive member 141 may be a linear telescopic drive mechanism. One end of the pitch driving member 141 is hinged to the lower part of the connecting arm 112 , and the other end is hinged to the upper part of the end of the beam main body 121 . , so that the inclination angle of the blade 1 clamped by the blade tip clamping mechanism 110 can vary from -7° to +7° in the air (ie, pitch).
  • the linear telescopic drive mechanism may be a hydraulic cylinder, eg, an automatically controlled hydraulic ram.
  • the cylinder block of the hydraulic cylinder is provided on the beam main body 121 , and the end of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the connecting arm 112 .
  • the present disclosure is not limited thereto, as long as it is a telescopic drive mechanism capable of linear reciprocating motion.
  • the linear telescopic drive mechanism may also be a force transmission structure such as an air cylinder, an electric lead screw, or a bolt with a nut.
  • Both ends of the beam body 121 have accommodating spaces for accommodating hydraulic cylinders.
  • the ends of the piston rods of the hydraulic cylinders are connected to the connecting arms 112 through the connecting columns 145 perpendicular to the connecting arms 112 .
  • the lower parts of the two ends of the beam body 121 are formed with accommodating connections.
  • Post 145 and an open slot 146 that avoids interference between the post 145 and the pitch drive member 141 .
  • the opening slot 146 may be an opening extending along the telescopic direction of the pitch driving member 141 .
  • FIG. 5 shows schematic views of the blade clamp before and after pitching, respectively.
  • the blade clamp 100 is in a state before the blade is pitched, and the piston rod of the pitch drive member 141 is in a state in which it is extended to the maximum extension stroke.
  • the blade clamp 100 is in the state after the blade is pitched, the piston rod of the pitch drive member 141 is retracted, and the blade tip clamping mechanism 110 is driven to rotate relative to the main beam 120 around the pin shaft 144, thereby realizing The blade 1 clamped in the blade tip clamping mechanism 110 is pitched.
  • pin shaft holes 113 a , 113 b and 122 a through which the pin shafts 144 pass are formed on the legs 122 and the support arm 113 .
  • a first ball bearing 151 and a second ball bearing 152 are installed in the pin shaft holes 113 a and 113 b of the support arm 113 , and the inner rings of the first ball bearing 151 and the second ball bearing 152 are sleeved on the pin shaft 144 .
  • a pin hole end cover 155 is installed on the outside of the pin hole 122a of the outrigger 122, and a self-lubricating bearing 153 is also arranged at the pin hole 122a of the outrigger 122.
  • the self-lubricating bearing 153 has graphite inside, which is used to communicate with the first ball. Bearings 151 are redundant. Therefore, the pin shaft 144 can realize the rotation of the ball bearing and the lubricated rotation of the self-lubricating graphite, so as to ensure the reliability of the rotation of the pin shaft 144 .
  • a locking nut 154 may also be provided to prevent loosening of the pitch structure, which may be a forward and reverse threaded rotating structure.
  • the first end (left end) of the pin shaft 144 passes through the pin shaft holes 113a, 113b and 122a on the outrigger 122 and the support arm 113, and is sealed by the pin shaft end cover 156, thereby ensuring anti-corrosion use in the marine salt spray environment and seal.
  • the pin shaft 144 can be a self-lubricating pin shaft with a hole.
  • the second end (right end) of the pin shaft 144 is provided with a self-lubricating bushing 157 with a hole, which has a graphite self-lubricating function and has an opening in the upper part, which can be lubricated. Grease to ensure safe and reliable rotation of the pin shaft.
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic diagram of a blade hoisting apparatus including a blade clamp according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic diagram of hoisting a blade by the blade hoisting device in FIG. 8 .
  • the blade hoisting apparatus includes a blade clamp 100 .
  • the blade 1 is clamped in two blade clamping mechanisms, and the angle of the blade clamping mechanism relative to the main beam 120 is adjusted by the pitch driving member 141, so as to realize the clamping mechanism in the blade clamping mechanism.
  • the angle of the blade 1 in the air is adjusted for a more accurate fit to the hub.
  • the guide rail 142 and the track groove 143 slide in cooperation with each other, which further ensures the stability of the blade clamp 100 during operation.
  • the blade hoisting apparatus includes a blade clamp capable of pitching the blade during the hoisting process, so that the blade can be in a desired posture during the hoisting process, so as to be accurately installed on the hub.
  • the blade clamp can prevent the pin shaft from being stuck in the process of pitching the blade, and prevent the pitch cylinder from being unable to find the fulcrum due to single-point rotation, thereby stably achieving Blade pitch.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

一种叶片夹具和叶片吊装设备。叶片夹具（100）包括：主梁（120）；叶片夹持机构，设置于主梁（120）的两端，用于夹持叶片（1），叶片夹持机构与主梁（120）可旋转地连接，以调节叶片的变桨角度；变桨驱动构件（141），驱动叶片夹持机构相对于主梁（120）旋转；导轨（142），形成在叶片夹持机构和主梁（120）中的一者上；以及轨道槽（143），形成在叶片夹持机构和主梁（120）中的另一者上并且能够相对于导轨（142）移动。该叶片夹具和叶片吊装设备能够在叶片吊装过程中，对叶片进行变桨，以便于叶片的安装。

Description

叶片夹具和叶片吊装设备 技术领域
本公开属于风力发电技术领域，尤其涉及一种叶片夹具和包括该叶片夹具的叶片吊装设备。
背景技术
随着风力发电机组单机容量不断增大，风力发电机组的叶片尺寸也逐渐增大，例如海上风力发电机组的叶片长度已经超过90米，重量超过35吨，由于叶片重量的问题，将叶片空中作业准确地连接在轮毂上也越来越困难。如何安全快速的将叶片与轮毂在变桨角度上进行对准，成为行业的难题。
发明内容
本公开的主要公开目的之一在于提供一种能够对叶片进行变桨的叶片夹具，以利于叶片的吊装。
针对上述公开目的，本公开的一方面提供了一种叶片夹具，包括：主梁；叶片夹持机构，设置于主梁的两端，用于夹持叶片，叶片夹持机构与主梁可旋转地连接，以调节叶片的变桨角度；变桨驱动构件，驱动叶片夹持机构相对于主梁旋转；导轨，形成在叶片夹持机构和主梁中的一者上；以及轨道槽，形成在叶片夹持机构和主梁中的另一者上并且能够相对于导轨移动。
本公开的另一方面提供了一种叶片吊装设备，叶片吊装设备包括如上所述的叶片夹具。
本公开提供的单叶片吊具具有如下有益效果：可以实现在风力发电机组的装配过程以及叶片吊装过程中对叶片进行变桨，从而将叶片准确地连接到轮毂上，并且通过导轨和轨道槽的配合，进一步保证叶片夹具带着叶片变桨过程的稳定。
附图说明
通过下面结合附图对实施例进行的描述，本公开的上述和/或其它目的和 优点将会变得更加清楚，其中：
图1示出了根据本公开示例性实施例的叶片夹具的示意图。
图2是示出图1中的叶片夹持机构与主梁连接处的局部结构示意图。
图3是图2中的部分A的放大示意图。
图4是示出图1中的叶片夹持机构与变桨驱动构件连接的分解示意图。
图5示出了图1中的叶片夹具用于叶片变桨之前的状态示意图。
图6示出了图1中的叶片夹具用于叶片变桨之后的状态示意图。
图7是图4中的部分B的放大示意图。
图8示出了根据本公开示例性实施例的包括叶片夹具的叶片吊装设备的示意图。
图9示出了图8中的叶片吊装设备吊装叶片的示意图。
附图标记说明：
1：叶片；100：叶片夹具；110、叶尖夹持机构；130：叶根夹持机构；111：压紧臂；112：连接臂；113：承托臂；113a：销轴孔；113b：销轴孔；114：随形压紧件；120：主梁；121：梁主体；122：支腿；122a：销轴孔；141：变桨驱动构件；142：导轨；142a：辅助凹槽；143：轨道槽；143a：辅助轨道；144、销轴；145：连接柱；146：开口槽；151：第一滚珠轴承；152：第二滚珠轴承；153：自润滑轴承；154：防松螺母；155：销轴孔端盖；156：销轴端盖；157：带孔自润滑轴套。
具体实施方式
现在将参考附图更全面地描述示例实施方式。然而，不应被理解为本公开的实施形态限于在此阐述的实施方式。图中相同的附图标记表示相同或类似的结构，因而将省略它们的详细描述。
在本申请的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。
术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相 对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本公开的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
在本申请的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本公开中的具体含义。
本公开所描述的特征、结构或特性可以以任何合适的方式结合在一个或更多实施方式中。在上面的描述中，提供许多具体细节从而给出对本公开的实施方式的充分理解。然而，本领域技术人员将意识到，可以实践本公开的技术方案而没有所述特定细节中的一个或更多，或者可以采用其它的方法、组件、材料等。在其它情况下，不详细示出或描述公知结构、材料或者操作以避免模糊本公开的各方面。
图1示出了根据本公开示例性实施例的叶片夹具的示意图。图2是示出图1中的叶片夹持机构与主梁连接的分解示意图。图3是图2中的部分A的放大示意图。图4是示出图1中的叶片夹持机构与变桨驱动构件连接的分解示意图。图5示出了图1中的叶片夹具用于叶片变桨之前的状态示意图。图6示出了图1中的叶片夹具用于叶片变桨之后的状态示意图。
如图1至图4中所示，根据本公开示例性实施例的叶片夹具包括：主梁120；叶片夹持机构，设置于主梁120的两端，用于夹持叶片1(见图7)，叶片夹持机构与主梁120可旋转地连接，以调节叶片1的变桨角度；变桨驱动构件141，驱动叶片夹持机构相对于主梁120旋转；导轨142，形成在叶片夹持机构和主梁120中的一者上；以及轨道槽143，形成在叶片夹持机构和主梁120中的另一者上并且能够相对于导轨142移动。
根据本公开示例性实施例的叶片夹具，可以实现在风力发电机组的装配过程以及叶片吊装过程中对叶片1进行变桨，从而将叶片1与轮毂对准并准确地连接到轮毂上，变桨过程中，通过导轨142和轨道槽143的配合，有助于叶片夹持机构相对于主梁120稳定旋转，从而保证叶片夹具100带着叶片1变桨过程中的安全稳定性。
其中，叶片夹持机构可以包括用于夹持叶尖部分的叶尖夹持机构110和 用于夹持叶根部分的叶根夹持机构130。叶尖夹持机构110和叶根夹持机构130的结构类似，二者的区别在于所形成的夹持口大小不同，具体地，叶尖夹持机构110的夹持口比叶根夹持机构130的夹持口小。叶尖夹持机构110和叶根夹持机构130的夹口大小均可以调节，以适合夹持不同尺寸的叶片1，具有通用性。以下，以叶尖夹持机构110为例，对其结构以及与其它部件的连接关系进行详细描述。
叶尖夹持机构110包括承托臂113、压紧臂111以及连接臂112，承托臂113和压紧臂111形成用于夹持叶片1的相对表面的两个钳脚，连接臂112连接在承托臂113和压紧臂111之间，以形成具有“C”形状或“匚”形状的夹持结构。但叶尖夹持机构110的形状不限于此，只要能够将叶片1容纳并夹持叶片1即可。承托臂113和压紧臂111上分别置有随形压紧件114。夹持叶片1时，承托臂113上的随形压紧件114支撑叶片1的下表面，压紧臂111上的随形压紧件114压紧叶片1的上表面。随形压紧件114可由根据外力的作用而调整形状或角度的部件构成，以在夹持叶片1时能够与叶片1的大小和翼型随形地与叶片1表面贴合。在此，随形压紧件114可包括诸如柔性钢板、玻璃钢、尼龙块等具有柔性的材料，以增加缓冲能力和减少对叶片的磨损。
主梁120可以包括梁主体121以及从梁主体121的两端的相对于梁主体121横向延伸的支腿122。如图1中所示，支腿122可以与主梁120大致垂直。叶尖夹持机构110设置在支腿122的外侧，即，面向主梁120的端表面设置。叶尖夹持机构110的承托臂113通过销轴144连接到主梁120的支腿122上，使得叶尖夹持机构110能够围绕销轴144相对于主梁120旋转。
在实施例中，导轨142形成在叶尖夹持机构110上，轨道槽143形成在主梁120上。具体地，如图3和图4中所示，导轨142形成在连接臂112的面向梁主体121的侧表面上，轨道槽143形成在梁主体121的端面上。但本公开不限于此，根据需要，导轨142和轨道槽143的位置可互换。
轨道槽143可以为卡合凹槽，卡合凹槽的开口面向导轨142。导轨142可以为脊状导轨，形成有能够嵌入卡合凹槽内的凸出结构。例如，轨道槽143的槽壁的横截面可以为倒圆角的矩形，相应地，导轨142的横截面可以形成为倒圆角的矩形。轨道槽143和导轨142可以沿着叶尖夹持机构110相对于主梁120旋转的轨迹延伸，即，轨道槽143和导轨142整体沿其长度方向呈 弧形。在本实施例中，轨道槽143和导轨142通过外凸和内凹结构嵌套配合，并且轨道槽143和导轨142的横截面形成为倒圆角的矩形，但本公开不限于此，导轨142和轨道槽143的横截面还可以形成为三角形、梯形、矩形等其它形状，并且轨道槽143和导轨142还可以采用现有技术中的已知结构，只要能够实现轨道槽143与导轨142接合并且能够相对于导轨142滑动即可。
通过轨道槽143和导轨142的配合，可以在叶尖夹持机构110相对于主梁120旋转的过程中起到辅助导向的作用，对变桨过程的自由度进行约束。此外，导轨142可以嵌套在轨道槽143中，使得在主梁120的长度方向(叶片的展向方向)上，导轨142和轨道槽143两者不能相互脱开，从而还可以解决变桨油缸单点旋转无法找到支点的问题，以及叶片夹具100带动叶片1变桨时，销轴旋转卡死的问题，进一步保证叶片夹具100工作中的稳定性，而将轨道槽143和导轨142设计为沿长度方向呈弧形的结构，可以进一步解决变桨油缸的活动点支撑的问题，同时避开了变桨油缸旋转过程中与主梁120干涉的风险。
更具体地，销轴144和连接柱145均设置在承托臂113上，在叶片夹具携带着叶片1处于水平位置时，承托臂113不会承受太多的扭矩，变桨油缸也只承受竖向(其伸缩方向)的张拉力。然而，当叶片1处于倾斜状态(例如，与水平方向呈30°，甚至竖直方向)时，承托臂113会受到较大的扭矩，一方面销轴144的旋转会卡死，另一方面，变桨油缸将围绕销轴144进行单点旋转，并且变桨油缸承受垂向(垂直于伸缩方向)的力而可能损坏。在设置了嵌套的导轨142和轨道槽143之后，即使在叶片1处于倾斜状态时，导轨142和轨道槽143相互卡合，承托臂113承受的扭矩将大大降低，保证了钳脚与主梁120之间的刚性，避免了销轴144旋转卡死的问题。此外，变桨油缸将在销轴144和导轨142两点处得到支撑，避免了变桨油缸在叶尖夹持机构110旋转过程中，由于受到弯矩而与主梁120干涉的风险。
进一步地，如图3中所示，导轨142的两个侧表面上分别形成有沿着导轨142的长度方向延伸的辅助凹槽142a。相应地，轨道槽143的侧表面上沿着轨道槽143的长度方向可以形成有辅助轨道143a，辅助轨道143a可为从轨道槽143的内侧表面上向外突出的凸起。辅助凹槽142a可容纳辅助轨道143a，并且相对于辅助轨道143a滑动。可选地，辅助凹槽142a可形成为倒圆角的凹槽(例如，槽壁的横截面为半圆形)，辅助轨道143a可形成为与辅助凹槽 142a相配合的倒圆角的凸起，但本公开不限于此，辅助轨道143a和辅助凹槽142a还可以形成为横截面为三角形、梯形、矩形等其它形状的结构，只要能够实现辅助凹槽142a和辅助轨道143a接合并且能够相对于辅助轨道143a滑动即可。
通过设置辅助轨道143a和辅助凹槽142a，不仅有助于轨道槽143的卡合凹槽沿着导轨142滑动，而且由于辅助轨道143a容纳在辅助凹槽142a内，因此还可在一定程度上引导轨道槽143和导轨142的运动，从而可进一步避免轨道槽143和导轨142在横向方向(即，卡合凹槽的宽度方向)上偏移，或甚至卡合凹槽的一侧从导轨142上脱离，使得叶尖夹持机构110相对于主梁120旋转过程，两者不脱离，进一步保证叶片夹具100工作中的稳定性。
图3和图4中虽然示出了辅助凹槽142a形成在导轨142的侧表面上，辅助轨道143a形成在轨道槽143的内侧表面上，但根据需要，辅助凹槽142a和辅助轨道143a的位置可互换。
另外，本公开的实施例通过轨道槽143和导轨142以及辅助轨道143a和辅助凹槽142a的配合，使得轨道槽143能够相对于导轨142滑动，并且不会沿着垂直于叶片长度方向的方向从导轨142上脱离。但本公开不限于此，还可以不设置辅助轨道143a和辅助凹槽142a，而将轨道槽143和导轨142形成为彼此嵌套的结构，使得导轨142嵌入轨道槽143并且被限制在轨道槽143内滑动。例如，导轨142形成为横截面为“T”、“L”型的脊状导轨，相应地，轨道槽143需要开设能够与脊状导轨滑动配合的“T”、“L”型滑槽，具体地，轨道槽143的开口侧形成有横向突出的凸缘，“T”型、“L”型导轨142的横向凸出部分插入轨道槽143中并被凸缘支撑，从而防止导轨142和轨道槽143两者在主梁120的长度方向上脱离。
可选地，连接臂112的与上述侧表面相对的另一侧表面上也可以形成有导轨142。也就是说，在连接臂112的两个侧表面上均形成导轨142，从而叶尖夹持机构110和叶根夹持机构130在主梁120的两端的连接位置可以互换。例如，在需要调整叶片的朝向而无法调整叶片夹具的位置时，只需要调整主梁120连接在连接臂112的两个侧表面中的位置即可，增加了叶片夹具100的通用性。
变桨驱动构件141可以为线性伸缩驱动机构。变桨驱动构件141的一端铰接到连接臂112的下部，另一端铰接到梁主体121的端部的上部，通过变 桨驱动构件141的线性伸缩带动叶尖夹持机构110相对于主梁120旋转，从而实现叶尖夹持机构110夹持的叶片1在空中-7°～+7°的倾角变化(即，变桨)。
在实施例中，如图4至图6中所示，线性伸缩驱动机构可以为液压缸，例如，自动控制的液压油缸。液压缸的缸体设置在梁主体121上，液压缸的活塞杆的端部连接到连接臂112上。但本公开不限于此，只要是能够满足直线往复运动的可伸缩驱动机构即可。例如，线性伸缩驱动机构也可以是气缸、电动丝杠或者螺栓带螺母等传递力结构。
梁主体121的两端具有容纳液压缸的容纳空间，液压缸的活塞杆的端部通过与连接臂112垂直的连接柱145与连接臂112连接，梁主体121的两端的下部上形成有容纳连接柱145并且避免连接柱145与变桨驱动构件141干涉的开口槽146。开口槽146可以为沿着变桨驱动构件141的伸缩方向延伸的开口。通过将液压油缸嵌套安装至主梁120的内部，可以很好的起到防雨和防腐蚀问题，大大提高了液压油缸的使用寿命。
图5和图6分别示出了叶片夹具变桨前和变桨后的示意图。如图5中所示，叶片夹具100处于叶片变桨之前的状态，变桨驱动构件141的活塞杆处于伸出至最大伸出行程的状态。如图6中所示，叶片夹具100处于叶片变桨之后的状态，变桨驱动构件141的活塞杆缩回，并带动叶尖夹持机构110绕销轴144相对于主梁120旋转，从而实现叶尖夹持机构110中夹持的叶片1变桨。
如图7中所示，支腿122和承托臂113上形成有供销轴144穿过的销轴孔113a、113b和122a。承托臂113的销轴孔113a和113b中安装有第一滚珠轴承151和第二滚珠轴承152，第一滚珠轴承151和第二滚珠轴承152的内圈套接在销轴144上。支腿122的销轴孔122a的外侧安装有销轴孔端盖155，并且支腿122的销轴孔122a处还设置自润滑轴承153，自润滑轴承153内部有石墨，用于和第一滚珠轴承151冗余备份。因此销轴144可实现滚珠轴承旋转和自润滑石墨的润滑旋转，保证销轴144旋转的可靠性。考虑旋转结构的稳定，还可以设置防松螺母154，用于变桨结构的防松，其可以为正反向螺纹旋转结构。
销轴144的第一端(左端)穿过支腿122和承托臂113上的销轴孔113a、113b和122a，并且由销轴端盖156密封，从而确保在海上盐雾环境使用的防腐和密封。
销轴144可以是带孔自润滑销轴，销轴144的第二端(右端)设置有带孔自润滑轴套157，其本身带有石墨自润滑功能，同时上部有开孔，可灌注润滑脂，确保销轴旋转安全可靠。
图8示出了根据本公开示例性实施例的包括叶片夹具的叶片吊装设备的示意图。图9示出了图8中的叶片吊装设备吊装叶片的示意图。
参照图8和图9，叶片吊装设备包括叶片夹具100。在叶片吊装过程中，叶片1被夹持在两个叶片夹持机构中，通过变桨驱动构件141来调整叶片夹持机构相对于主梁120的角度，从而实现叶片夹持机构中夹持的叶片1在空中的角度调整，以更准确地安装到轮毂上。并且，在叶片1变桨过程中，导轨142和轨道槽143彼此配合滑动，进一步保证叶片夹具100工作中的稳定性。
根据本公开的实施例的叶片吊装设备，包括能够在叶片吊装过程中对叶片进行变桨的叶片夹具，使得叶片可以在吊装过程中处于期望姿态，从而准确地安装到轮毂上。另外，根据本公开的实施例的叶片吊装设备，可以防止叶片夹具在对叶片进行变桨过程中，可以防止销轴旋转卡死，防止变桨油缸单点旋转无法找到支点，从而可以稳定地实现叶片变桨。
虽然上面已经详细描述了本公开的实施例，但本领域技术人员在不脱离公开的精神和范围内，可对公开的实施例做出各种修改和变形。但是应当理解，在本领域技术人员看来，这些修改和变形仍将落入权利要求所限定的公开的实施例的精神和范围内。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种叶片夹具，其特征在于，所述叶片夹具(100)包括：
    主梁(120)；
    叶片夹持机构，设置于所述主梁(120)的两端，用于夹持叶片(1)，所述叶片夹持机构与所述主梁(120)可旋转地连接，以调节所述叶片(1)的变桨角度；
    变桨驱动构件(141)，驱动所述叶片夹持机构相对于所述主梁(120)旋转；
    导轨(142)，形成在所述叶片夹持机构和所述主梁(120)中的一者上；以及
    轨道槽(143)，形成在所述叶片夹持机构和所述主梁(120)中的另一者上并且能够相对于所述导轨(142)移动。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的叶片夹具，其特征在于，所述叶片夹持机构(110，130)包括承托臂(113)、压紧臂(111)以及连接在所述承托臂(113)与所述压紧臂(111)之间的连接臂(112)，
    所述主梁(120)包括梁主体(121)以及从所述梁主体(121)的两端的相对于所述梁主体(121)横向延伸的支腿(122)，
    所述承托臂(113)通过销轴(144)连接到所述主梁(120)的支腿(122)上，使得所述叶片夹持机构能够围绕所述销轴(144)相对于所述主梁(120)旋转。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的叶片夹具，其特征在于，所述叶片夹持机构面向所述主梁(120)的端面设置，所述导轨(142)形成在所述连接臂(112)的面向所述梁主体(121)的侧表面上，所述轨道槽(143)形成在所述梁主体(121)的所述端面上。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的叶片夹具，其特征在于，所述轨道槽(143)为卡合凹槽，所述卡合凹槽的开口面向所述导轨(142)，所述导轨(142)形成为能够嵌套在所述卡合凹槽内的凸出结构，
    所述轨道槽(143)和所述导轨(142)沿长度方向呈弧形。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的叶片夹具，其特征在于，沿着所述轨道槽(143)的长度方向，在所述轨道槽(143)的内侧表面上形成有辅助轨道(143a)和 辅助凹槽(142a)中的一者；
    沿着所述导轨(142)的长度方向，在所述导轨(142)的侧表面上形成有所述辅助轨道(143a)和所述辅助凹槽(142a)中的另一者，所述辅助轨道(143a)为容纳在所述辅助凹槽(142a)内并相对于所述辅助凹槽(142a)滑动的凸起。
  6. 根据权利要求2所述的叶片夹具，其特征在于，所述变桨驱动构件(141)为线性伸缩驱动机构，所述变桨驱动构件(141)的一端铰接到所述连接臂(112)的下部，另一端铰接到所述梁主体(121)的端部，通过所述变桨驱动构件(141)的线性伸缩带动所述叶片夹持机构相对于所述主梁(120)旋转。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的叶片夹具，其特征在于，所述线性伸缩驱动机构为液压缸，所述液压缸的缸体设置在所述梁主体(121)上，所述液压缸的活塞杆的端部连接到所述连接臂(112)上。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的叶片夹具，其特征在于，所述梁主体(121)的所述两端具有容纳所述液压缸的容纳空间，所述液压缸的活塞杆的所述端部通过与所述连接臂(112)垂直的连接柱(145)与所述连接臂(112)连接，所述梁主体(121)的所述两端的下部上形成有避免所述连接柱(145)与所述变桨驱动构件(141)干涉的开口槽(146)。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的叶片夹具，其特征在于，所述开口槽(146)为沿着所述变桨驱动构件(141)的伸缩方向延伸的开口。
  10. 根据权利要求3所述的叶片夹具，其特征在于，所述连接臂(112)的与所述侧表面相对的另一侧表面上也形成有所述导轨(142)。
  11. 一种叶片吊装设备，其特征在于，所述叶片吊装设备包括如权利要求1-10中任一项所述的叶片夹具(100)。
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