WO2022033067A1 - 换挡执行装置和换挡方法 - Google Patents

换挡执行装置和换挡方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022033067A1
WO2022033067A1 PCT/CN2021/088474 CN2021088474W WO2022033067A1 WO 2022033067 A1 WO2022033067 A1 WO 2022033067A1 CN 2021088474 W CN2021088474 W CN 2021088474W WO 2022033067 A1 WO2022033067 A1 WO 2022033067A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
shift
gear
rocker arm
paddle
selector
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/088474
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
童放
姚远
吴迪
Original Assignee
丰疆智能软件科技(南京)有限公司
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Publication date
Application filed by 丰疆智能软件科技(南京)有限公司 filed Critical 丰疆智能软件科技(南京)有限公司
Publication of WO2022033067A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022033067A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H1/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H1/02—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion
    • F16H1/20—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving more than two intermeshing members
    • F16H1/22—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion without gears having orbital motion involving more than two intermeshing members with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/12—Gearings comprising primarily toothed or friction gearing, links or levers, and cams, or members of at least two of these types
    • F16H37/124—Gearings comprising primarily toothed or friction gearing, links or levers, and cams, or members of at least two of these types for interconverting rotary motion and reciprocating motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
    • F16H57/023—Mounting or installation of gears or shafts in the gearboxes, e.g. methods or means for assembly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
    • F16H59/02—Selector apparatus
    • F16H59/0217—Selector apparatus with electric switches or sensors not for gear or range selection, e.g. for controlling auxiliary devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/40—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism comprising signals other than signals for actuating the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/42—Ratio indicator devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a gear shift execution device and a gear shift method.
  • Agricultural machinery such as tractors and harvesters
  • the power system of the existing agricultural machinery includes an engine and a manual gearbox.
  • the driver drives the existing agricultural machinery, it is necessary to manually and frequently control the manual gearbox to realize the shifting of the agricultural machinery. It is easy to cause driver fatigue.
  • the performance level and energy consumption level of agricultural machinery are severely limited by the driver's control technology, that is, the higher the driver's control technology, the better the vehicle performance of agricultural machinery. The more it can be represented and the more energy consumption levels can be reduced.
  • An automatic transmission is a transmission widely used in passenger cars (such as private cars), which can realize automatic up-shifting and allow the kinetic energy output by the engine to match the speed of the vehicle, which can reduce the risk to the driver. control technology requirements.
  • passenger cars such as private cars
  • control technology requirements unlike the working environment of passenger cars, the working environment of agricultural machinery is more complex. It not only needs to work in a flat and regular farmland environment, but also needs to work in a working environment with worse working conditions, which leads to the existing automatic automatic operation. Gearboxes cannot be used in agricultural machinery.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a gear shift actuator and a shift method, wherein the shift actuator can automatically control the transmission to allow the agricultural machine to automatically select and shift gears, thus allowing the agricultural machine to operate in complex operations. work in the environment.
  • the shift actuator can automatically operate the transmission to allow the agricultural machine to automatically select and shift gears, so as to improve the The level of automation of agricultural machinery.
  • the gearbox has two shift shafts, and automatic gear selection is realized when the shift dial of the shift actuator is transferred from one shift shaft of the gearbox to the other shift shaft, correspondingly , when the shift dial of the shift execution device moves back and forth on a shift shaft of the gearbox, automatic shifting is realized.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a gear shift actuator and a gear shift method, wherein the gear selection driver provides a gear selection motor, a lead rod assembly and a gear selector paddle, the lead rod assembly is drivably connected to The gear selector motor and the gear selector are drivably connected to the lead screw assembly, wherein the lead screw assembly is used to convert the rotational motion of the gear selector motor to the gear selector paddle. reciprocating to allow the shift paddle to move the shift paddle synchronously to and fro, thereby shifting the shift paddle from one shift shaft of the transmission to the other shift shaft and Realize automatic file selection.
  • the present invention provides a shift execution device, which is applied to a gearbox with two shift shafts, wherein the shift execution device includes:
  • shift paddle is drivably mounted to the shift driver to allow the shift paddle to actuate the paddle shifter at one of the gearshifts of the gearbox Shaft moves back and forth, wherein the shift paddle is drivably mounted to the select drive to allow the select drive to actuate the shift paddle to shift from one of the shift shafts of the gearbox to the other of said shift shafts.
  • the shift driver includes a drive motor, a reducer mounted on the drive motor, a drive reduction gear mounted on a shift PTO shaft of the reducer, and A transmission reduction gear meshed with the drive reduction gear, wherein the shift head includes a head body and a head gear arranged on the head body, and the head gear is meshed with the head Transmission reduction gear.
  • the gear selection driver includes a gear selection motor, a lead rod assembly, and a gear selector block
  • the lead screw assembly includes a lead rod and a lead sleeve that is sheathed on the lead screw, so that The screw rod is installed on the gear selection power take-off shaft of the gear selection motor, the gear selector block is arranged on the wire sleeve, and the shift knob is drivably arranged on the gear selector Piece.
  • the gear selection driver includes a gear selection motor, a lead rod assembly, and a gear selector block
  • the lead screw assembly includes a lead rod and a lead sleeve that is sheathed on the lead screw, so that The screw rod is mounted on the gear selection power take-off shaft of the gear selection motor
  • the gear selector block is provided on the wire sleeve, wherein the switch head body of the gear selection switch head is drivably installed on the selector knob.
  • the shift selector has a shift arm
  • the shift head body has an annular slot, wherein the shift arm of the shift selector extends to and is held at the the annular slot of the head body.
  • the dial arm has a "C"-shaped retaining groove, and the part of the dial head body for forming the annular clamping groove is held in the retaining groove of the dial arm .
  • the shift execution device further includes a shift angle sensor, and the shift angle sensor is mounted on the drive reduction gear.
  • the shift execution device further includes a sensor rocker arm and a gear selection angle sensor
  • the sensor rocker arm includes a rocker arm crossbar extending from one end of the rocker arm crossbar An upper rocker arm section extending upward and a lower rocker arm section extending downward from the other end of the rocker arm crossbar, wherein the rocker arm upper section is slidably mounted on the slider of the gear selector a groove, the gear selection angle sensor is mounted on the lower section of the rocker arm, and the lower section of the rocker arm is configured to only perform rotational movement.
  • the shift execution device further includes a sensor rocker arm and a gear selection angle sensor
  • the sensor rocker arm includes a rocker arm crossbar extending from one end of the rocker arm crossbar An upper rocker arm section extending upward and a lower rocker arm section extending downward from the other end of the rocker arm crossbar, wherein the rocker arm upper section is slidably mounted on the slider of the gear selector a groove, the gear selection angle sensor is mounted on the lower section of the rocker arm, and the lower section of the rocker arm is configured to only perform rotational movement.
  • the shift actuator further includes a casing, wherein the casing has an inner space, a first communication channel, a second communication channel, a third communication channel, and a fourth communication channel.
  • a communication channel and a fifth communication channel, the first communication channel and the second communication channel communicate with the inner space of the shell through the shell wall of the outer shell, and the third communication channel and the fourth communication channel are in The shell cover of the outer shell communicates with the inner space of the shell, and the third communication channel corresponds to the first communication channel, and the fifth communication channel communicates with the inner space of the shell with the shell wall of the outer shell, wherein
  • the speed reducer is mounted on the housing wall in such a manner that the shift power output shaft of the speed reducer extends to the inner space of the housing through the first communication passage, wherein the shift angle sensor is arranged in the form of A part of the shift angle sensor is extended to the housing inner space through the third communication passage and is mounted on the housing cover in a manner of being mounted on the drive reduction gear, wherein the The main
  • the present invention further provides a gear shifting method, wherein the gear shifting method includes the following steps:
  • step (b) further comprises the following steps:
  • FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a shift actuator according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded schematic view of the shift executing device according to the above preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a partial perspective view of the shift actuator according to the above preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a partial working state of the shift actuator according to the above preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of another partial working state of the shift actuator according to the above preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the application state of the shift executing device according to the above preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • a shift actuator 100 according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is disclosed and explained in the following description, wherein the shift actuator 100 is applied to a gearbox 200, and the shift execution device 100 can automatically control the gearbox 200 to allow the agricultural machine to automatically select and shift gears, thus allowing the agricultural machine to operate in a complex working environment work and improve the automation level of the agricultural machinery.
  • the shift execution device 100 includes a shift driver 10 , a gear selector driver 20 and a shift paddle 30 , wherein the shift paddle 30 is drivably connected to the shift driver 10 Shifting is accomplished by allowing the shift paddle 30 to be actuated by the shift drive 10, and the shift paddle 30 is drivably connected to the shift selector drive 20 to allow the shift paddle
  • the head 30 can be driven by the gear selection driver 20 to perform gear selection.
  • the gearbox 200 has two shifting shafts 201, wherein each of the shifting shafts 201 of the gearbox 200 corresponds to different gears of the agricultural machine, such as high gear, low gear, neutral, reverse.
  • Gears and other gears respectively correspond to different shift shafts 201 of the gearbox 200 , wherein each of the shift shafts 201 of the gearbox 200 can be respectively drivably connected to the shift execution Said shift paddle 30 of the device 100 .
  • the shift paddle 30 of the shift execution device 100 can selectively drive one of the two shift shafts 201 of the gearbox 200 , wherein the shift shaft 201
  • the driver 10 can drive the shift head 30 to move back and forth on one of the shift shafts 201 of the gearbox 200 to realize automatic gear shifting
  • the gear selector driver 20 can drive the shift head 30 to move from all gears.
  • One of the shift shafts 201 of the gearbox 200 is converted to the other of the shift shafts 201 to realize automatic gear selection. In this way, when the power of the agricultural machine is insufficient, the gear is automatically downshifted to increase the torque, correspondingly , when the power of the agricultural machine is sufficient, it will automatically upshift to increase the speed.
  • the shift driver 10 includes a shift motor 11 , a reducer 12 and a reduction gear set 13 , wherein the reducer 12 is mounted on the shift motor 11, and the reduction gear 12 has a shift power take-off shaft 121, wherein the reduction gears in the reduction gear set 13 are meshed with each other, and one of the reduction gears in the reduction gear set 13 is mounted on the The shifting power take-off shaft 121 of the speed reducer 12 .
  • the shift head 30 includes a head body 31 and a head gear 32 mounted on the head body 31 , wherein one of the reduction gears in the reduction gear set 13 is engaged with the shift head. The dial gear 32 of the dial head 30 is blocked.
  • the reduction gear set 13 is composed of two reduction gears, and one of the reduction gears is defined as an active reduction gear
  • the gear 131, the other said reduction gear is defined as a transmission reduction gear 132, and the transmission reduction gear 132 is meshed with the driving reduction gear 131, wherein the driving reduction gear 131 is mounted on the reduction gear 12
  • the manner in which the drive reduction gear 131 is installed on the shift power output shaft 121 of the reducer 12 is not limited in the shift execution device 100 of the present invention, as long as it is allowed
  • the drive reduction gear 131 can be driven by the shift power output shaft 121 of the reducer 12 to rotate synchronously, for example, the drive reduction gear 131 and the shift power output of the reducer 12
  • the shaft 121 may be a keyed connection.
  • the shift paddle 30 is held on the speed reducer 12 in such a way that the paddle gear 32 of the shift paddle 30 corresponds to the drive reduction gear 131 of the reduction gear set 13 side, and the transmission reduction gear 132 of the reduction gear set 13 is set to mesh with the drive reduction gear 131 and the shift head gear 32 of the shift head 30 at the same time.
  • the size of the shift actuator 100 can be miniaturized and lightened.
  • the speed reducer 12 can reduce the rotational speed of the shift motor 11 and further pass through the shift power output shaft of the speed reducer 12 121 outputs power to drive the driving reduction gear 131 installed on the shifting power output shaft 121 of the reducer 12 to rotate synchronously, wherein the driving reduction gear 131 is driven by the transmission reduction gear 132
  • the dial gear 32 of the shift dial 30 rotates to drive the dial body 31 of the shift dial 30 to rotate synchronously
  • the rotational speed can be further reduced, so that the reduction gear set 13 passes through the multi-stage
  • the gear decelerates and increases the torque to transmit the power to the shift paddle 30 to realize the rotation of the shift paddle 30 , so that the shift paddle 30 can be driven to rotate in one of the gearboxes 200 .
  • the shifting shaft 201 moves back and forth to realize automatic shifting.
  • the shift execution device 100 further includes a shift angle sensor 40 , wherein the shift angle sensor 40 is mounted on the reduction gear set 13 of the shift driver 10 .
  • the drive reduction gear 131 allows the shift angle sensor 40 to monitor the rotation angle of the shift head body 31 of the shift dial 30 by monitoring the rotation angle of the drive reduction gear 131 , and so on.
  • the above-described shift execution device 100 can realize precise control of shifting.
  • the gear selection driver 20 includes a gear selection motor 21 , a screw rod assembly 22 and a gear selection paddle 23 , wherein the screw rod assembly 22 is drivably connected to the selector
  • the gear motor 21, the shift paddle 23 is drivably connected to the lead screw assembly 22, wherein the paddle body 31 of the shift paddle 30 is drivably connected to the gear selector driver 20 of the selector paddle 23.
  • the screw assembly 22 is used to convert the rotary motion of the gear selector motor 21 into the reciprocating motion of the selector paddle 23 , so as to allow the selector paddle 23 to toggle the shift paddle 30 .
  • the shift head body 31 reciprocates synchronously, so that the shift head 30 is converted from one of the shift shafts 201 of the gearbox 200 to the other of the shift shafts 201 to realize automatic gear selection.
  • the gear selection motor 21 has a gear selection power output shaft 211 , wherein the lead screw assembly 22 includes a lead screw 221 and a lead bush 222 that is fitted over the lead screw 221 , and the lead screw 221 is installed On the gear selection power output shaft 211 of the gear selection motor 21 , the gear selection paddle 23 is mounted on the wire sleeve 222 .
  • the lead screw 221 When the gear selection motor 21 is powered to allow the gear selection PTO shaft 211 to output power in a rotational manner, the lead screw 221 can be driven to rotate synchronously, so that the lead screw 221 can drive the lead sleeve 222 drives the gear selector block 23 to move away from or close to the gear selector motor 21 synchronously, so that the screw rod 221 and the screw sleeve 222 of the screw rod assembly 22 can cooperate with each other to move the
  • the rotational movement of the gear selection power take-off shaft 211 of the gear selection motor 21 is converted into the reciprocating movement of the gear selector paddle 23 , so that the gear shift paddle 30 is transmitted from one of the gear shift shafts of the gearbox 200 201 is shifted to another said shift shaft 201 to realize automatic gear selection.
  • the shift selector 23 includes a shift body 231 and a shift arm 232 extending outward from the shift body 231 , wherein the shift body 231 is disposed on the screw rod assembly 22
  • the wire sleeve 222 of the screw rod assembly 22 is allowed to drive the shifting block main body 231 to move synchronously and with the same amplitude.
  • the dial body 231 and the wire sleeve 222 are an integral structure.
  • the dial body 231 and the wire sleeve 222 are of separate structures and are mutually installed.
  • the dial body 31 of the shift dial 30 has an annular slot 311 , and the dial arm 232 of the shift selector 23 extends to and is held in the annular ring of the dial body 31 .
  • the card slot 311 on the one hand, when the shift head 30 is driven by the shift driver 10 to perform a rotational movement, the shift arm 232 of the shift selector 23 can be reliably maintained at the desired position.
  • the gear selector motor 21 drives the gear selector block 23 to reciprocate through the screw assembly 22 During movement, the shift arm 232 of the gear selector block 23 can drive the shift paddle 30 to reciprocate synchronously and at the same amplitude.
  • the shift arm 232 of the shift selector 23 has a “C”-shaped retaining groove 2321 to allow all The part of the shift head main body 31 for forming the annular snap groove 311 is held in the holding groove 2321 of the shift arm 232, so that when the gear selector block 23 is driven to reciprocate, the The shift arm 232 of the gear selector block 23 can drive the shift paddle 30 to reciprocate synchronously and with the same amplitude.
  • the shift actuator 100 further includes a sensor rocker arm 50 and a gear selection angle sensor 60 , wherein the sensor rocker arm 50 includes a rocker arm cross bar 51 , which is connected from the rocker arm 50 .
  • the rocker arm lower section 53 of the arm 50 and the rocker arm lower section 53 of the sensor rocker arm 50 are configured to be capable of rotational movement only.
  • the The shift block main body 231 of the gear selector 23 can drive the rocker arm upper section 52 of the sensor rocker arm 50 and the rocker arm cross bar 51 to rotate with the rocker arm lower section 53 as the rotation axis, In this way, the gear selection angle sensor 60 can monitor the movement range (displacement range) of the shift dial 30 by monitoring the rotation angle of the lower rocker arm 53 of the sensor rocker arm 50 , so that the shift The actuator 100 enables precise control of gear selection.
  • the position of the shift dial 30 is determined by the shift angle sensor 40 and the shift angle sensor 60 when the shift actuator 100 is commissioned for the first time, so that the shift actuator can be guaranteed 100 precise control of shifting and selecting to ensure the reliability and stability of the power system of agricultural machinery.
  • the shift actuator 100 further includes a housing 70 , wherein the housing 70 includes a main housing 71 and a housing cover 72 mounted on the main housing 71 and formed An inner housing space 73 between the main housing 71 and the housing cover 72 .
  • the main casing 71 includes a casing wall 711 and a casing wall 712 and has a cavity 713 , an opening 714 , a first communication channel 715 and a second communication channel 716 , wherein the casing wall 712 It integrally extends around the shell wall 711 to form the cavity 713 between the shell wall 712 and the shell wall 711 , and the shell wall 712 defines the cavity 713 and communicates with the cavity 713 .
  • the first communication channel 715 and the second communication channel 716 communicate with the cavity 713 at different positions of the shell wall 711 respectively.
  • the speed reducer 12 is mounted on the housing wall 711 of the main housing 71 , and the shift PTO shaft 121 of the speed reducer 12 extends to the main housing through the first communication passage 715
  • the cavity 713 of the body 71 wherein the driving reduction gear 131 is rotatably held in the cavity 713 of the main housing 71 .
  • the driving reduction gear 131 is rotatably mounted on the main casing 71 through a bearing, thus allowing the driving reduction gear 131 to be reliably held in the cavity 713 of the main casing 71 preset position.
  • the second communication passage 716 of the main casing 71 extends to the outside of the housing 70 so as to be able to be mounted on the gearbox 200 .
  • the head body 31 of the shift head 30 is rotatably mounted to the main housing 71 through one or two bearings, thus allowing the head of the shift head 30
  • the gear 32 is reliably held at the preset position of the cavity 713 of the main housing 71 .
  • the transmission reduction gear 132 of the reduction gear set 13 of the shift drive 10 is held between the drive reduction gear 131 and the dial gear 32, and the transmission reduction gears 132 are respectively meshed with the The driving reduction gear 131 and the dial gear 32 are connected, so that the transmission reduction gear 132 is reliably maintained at the preset position of the cavity 713 of the main housing 71 .
  • the case cover 72 has a third communication channel 721 , wherein when the case cover 72 is installed on the main case 71 to close the opening 714 of the main case 71 , the The third communication channel 721 communicates with the housing inner space 73 and corresponds to the first communication channel 715 of the main housing 71 , wherein the shift angle sensor 40 is mounted on the housing cover 72 , and a part of the shift angle sensor 40 extends through the third communication passage 721 of the housing cover 72 to the housing inner space 73 of the housing 70 and is mounted on the driving reduction gear 131 .
  • the housing cover 72 further has a fourth communication channel 722, and the fourth communication channel 722 communicates with the housing inner space 73, wherein the gear selector motor 21 is installed in the housing cover 72, and the selector The gear selection PTO shaft 211 of the gear motor 21 extends through the fourth communication channel 722 of the housing cover 72 to the housing inner space 73 of the housing 70 , wherein the wire sleeve assembly 22 and the The gear selector block 23 is kept at a preset position of the inner space 73 of the casing 70 , and the screw rod 221 of the wire sleeve assembly 22 is drivably mounted on the gear selector motor 21 .
  • the shift PTO shaft 211 and the shift head body 31 of the shift dial 30 are drivably mounted to the shift arm 232 of the shift paddle 23 .
  • the screw assembly 22 is rotatably mounted on the main housing 71 through a bearing, thus allowing the screw assembly 22 to be reliably held in the inner space 73 of the housing 70 Preset position.
  • the main casing 71 has a fifth communication channel 717, and the fifth communication channel 717 communicates with the cavity 713 through the shell wall 712, wherein the gear selection angle sensor 60 is installed in the The casing wall 712 of the main casing 71 , and a part of the gear selection angle sensor 60 extends to the inner space 73 of the casing 70 through the fifth communication passage 717 of the main casing 71 And it is installed on the rocker arm lower section 53 of the sensor rocker arm 50 .
  • the rocker arm lower section 53 of the sensor rocker arm 50 is rotatably mounted on all the main housing 71 .
  • Shell wall 712 is described.
  • the rocker arm lower section 53 of the sensor rocker arm 50 is rotatably mounted on the housing wall 712 of the main housing 71 through a bearing.
  • the speed reducer 12 can reduce the shifting motor
  • the rotation of 11 further outputs power through the shift PTO shaft 121 of the reducer 12 to drive the drive reduction gear 131 installed on the shift PTO shaft 121 of the reducer 12 to synchronize
  • the driving gear 131 drives the dial gear 32 of the shift dial 30 to rotate through the transmission deceleration gear 132 to drive the dial main body 31 of the shift dial 30
  • the rotational speed can be further reduced, so that the shift paddle 30 can be driven to move forward and backward on one of the shift shafts 201 of the gearbox 200 to realize automatic shifting.
  • the shift sensor 40 can monitor the rotation angle of the main body 31 of the shift knob 30 by monitoring the rotation angle of the drive reduction gear 131 , so that the shift execution device 100 can Achieve precise control over shifting.
  • the screw rod 221 and the screw sleeve of the screw rod assembly 22 222 can cooperate with each other to convert the rotational motion of the gear selector motor 21 into the reciprocating motion of the gear selector pad 23 provided on the wire sleeve 222 .
  • the arm 232 can drive the main body 31 of the shift knob 30 to reciprocate, so that the shift knob 30 can be driven to switch from one of the shift shafts 201 of the gearbox 200 to The other shift shaft 201 realizes automatic gear selection.
  • the gear selection angle sensor 60 can monitor the movement range (displacement range) of the shift dial 30 by monitoring the rotation angle of the rocker arm lower section 53 of the sensor rocker arm 50 , as described above.
  • the shift execution device 100 can realize precise control of gear selection.
  • the present invention further provides a gear shifting method, wherein the gear shifting method includes the following steps:
  • step (b) further comprises the steps of:

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Gear-Shifting Mechanisms (AREA)

Abstract

一种换挡执行装置（100）和换挡方法，换挡执行装置（100）包括一换挡驱动器（10）、一选挡驱动器（20）以及一换挡拨头（30），其中换挡拨头（30）被可驱动地安装于换挡驱动器（10），以允许换挡驱动器（10）驱动换挡拨头（30）在一变速箱（200）的一个换挡轴（201）前后移动而实现自动换挡，其中换挡拨头（30）被可驱动地安装于选挡驱动器（20），以允许选挡驱动器（20）驱动换挡拨头（30）从变速箱（200）的一个换挡轴（201）转换至另一个换挡轴（201）而实现自动选挡。

Description

换挡执行装置和换挡方法 技术领域
本发明涉及农机领域，特别涉及一换挡执行装置和换挡方法。
背景技术
农机，例如拖拉机、收割机，是农业生产中常用的农用机械。农机的出现和普及极大地解放了劳动力并促使农业由传统农业转变为现代农业。现有的农机的动力系统包括发动机和手动变速箱，在驾驶员驾驶现有的农机时需要手动频繁地操控手动变速箱而实现农机的换挡，这对于驾驶员的操控技术的要求比较高和容易导致驾驶员产生疲劳，更为重要的是，农机的车辆性能的发挥水平及能耗水平严重地受限于驾驶员的操控技术，也即，驾驶员的操控技术越高，农机的车辆性能越能够被体现和能耗水平越能够被降低。自动变速箱是一种被广泛地应用于乘用车(例如私家车)的变速箱，其能够实现自动升降档而允许发动机输出的动能和车用车的车速相匹配，如此能够降低对驾驶员的操控技术的要求。但是与乘用车的工作环境不同的是，农机的作业环境更为复杂，其不仅要在平整规律的农田环境作业，而且还需要在工况更差的作业环境作业，这导致现有的自动变速箱无法被应用于农机。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于提供一换挡执行装置和换挡方法，其中所述换挡执行装置能够自动地操控变速箱而允许农机自动地选档和换挡，如此允许所述农机在复杂的作业环境中作业。
本发明的一个目的在于提供一换挡执行装置和换挡方法，其中所述换挡执行装置能够自动地操控所述变速箱而允许所述农机自动地选档和换挡，如此能够提高所述农机的自动化水平。例如，所述变速箱具有两个换挡轴，当所述换挡执行装置的换挡拨头从所述变速箱的一个换挡轴转移至另一个换挡轴时实现自动选档，相应地，当所述换挡执行装置的所述换挡拨头在所述变速箱的一个换挡轴前后移动时实现自动换挡。
本发明的一个目的在于提供一换挡执行装置和换挡方法，其中所述换挡执行装置提供一换挡驱动器和一选档驱动器，其中所述换挡拨头被可驱动地连接于所述换挡驱动器，以在所述换挡驱动器驱动所述换挡拨头时，所述换挡拨头在所述变速箱的一个换挡轴前后移动而实现自动换挡，其中所述换挡拨头被可驱动地连接于所述选档驱动器，以在所述选档驱动器驱动所述换挡拨头时，所述换挡拨头从所述变速箱的一个换挡轴转换至另一个换挡轴而实现自动选档。
本发明的一个目的在于提供一换挡执行装置和换挡方法，其中所述选档驱 动器提供一选档电机、一丝杆组件以及一选档拨块，所述丝杆组件被可驱动地连接于所述选档电机，所述选档拨块被可驱动地连接于所述丝杆组件，其中所述丝杆组件用于将所述选档电机的旋转运动转换为所述选档拨块的往复运动，以允许所述选档拨块拨动所述换挡拨头同步地往复运动，从而使所述换挡拨块从所述变速箱的一个换挡轴转换至另一个换挡轴而实现自动选档。
依本发明的一个方面，本发明提供一换挡执行装置，其应用于具有两个换挡轴的变速箱，其中所述换挡执行装置包括：
一换挡驱动器；
一选档驱动器；以及
一换挡拨头，其中所述换挡拨头被可驱动地安装于所述换挡驱动器，以允许所述换挡驱动器驱动所述换挡拨头在所述变速箱的一个所述换挡轴前后移动，其中所述换挡拨头被可驱动地安装于所述选档驱动器，以允许所述选档驱动器驱动所述换挡拨头从所述变速箱的一个所述换挡轴转换至另一个所述换挡轴。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述换挡驱动器包括一驱动电机、被安装于所述驱动电机的一减速机、被安装于所述减速机的换挡动力输出轴的一主动减速齿轮以及被啮合于所述主动减速齿轮的一传动减速齿轮，其中所述换挡拨头包括一拨头主体和被设置于所述拨头主体的一拨头齿轮，所述拨头齿轮被啮合于所述传动减速齿轮。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述选档驱动器包括一选档电机、一丝杆组件以及一选档拨块，所述丝杆组件包括一丝杆和被套装于所述丝杆的一丝套，所述丝杆被安装于所述选档电机的选档动力输出轴，所述选档拨块被设置于所述丝套，其中所述换挡拨头被可驱动地设置于所述选档拨块。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述选档驱动器包括一选档电机、一丝杆组件以及一选档拨块，所述丝杆组件包括一丝杆和被套装于所述丝杆的一丝套，所述丝杆被安装于所述选档电机的选档动力输出轴，所述选档拨块被设置于所述丝套，其中所述选档拨头的所述拨头主体被可驱动地安装于所述选档拨块。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述选档拨块具有一拨臂，所述拨头主体具有一环形卡槽，其中所述选档拨块的所述拨臂延伸至和被保持在所述拨头主体的所述环形卡槽。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述拨臂具有一“C”字形的保持槽，所述拨头主体的用于形成所述环形卡槽的部位被保持在所述拨臂的所述保持槽。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述换挡执行装置进一步包括一换挡角度传感器，所述换挡角度传感器被安装于所述主动减速齿轮。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述换挡执行装置进一步包括一传感器摇臂和一选档角度传感器，其中所述传感器摇臂包括一摇臂横杆、自所述摇臂横杆的一个端部向上延伸的一摇臂上段以及自所述摇臂横杆的另一个端部向下延伸的一摇臂下段，其中所述摇臂上段被可滑动地安装于所述选档拨块的滑槽，所述 选档角度传感器被安装于所述摇臂下段，并且所述摇臂下段被设置仅做旋转运动。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述换挡执行装置进一步包括一传感器摇臂和一选档角度传感器，其中所述传感器摇臂包括一摇臂横杆、自所述摇臂横杆的一个端部向上延伸的一摇臂上段以及自所述摇臂横杆的另一个端部向下延伸的一摇臂下段，其中所述摇臂上段被可滑动地安装于所述选档拨块的滑槽，所述选档角度传感器被安装于所述摇臂下段，并且所述摇臂下段被设置仅做旋转运动。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述换挡执行装置进一步包括一外壳，其中所述外壳具有一壳内空间、一第一连通通道、一第二连通通道、一第三连通通道、一第四连通通道以及一第五连通通道，所述第一连通通道和所述第二连通通道于所述外壳的壳壁连通所述壳内空间，所述第三连通通道和所述第四连通通道于所述外壳的壳盖连通所述壳内空间，并且所述第三连通通道对应于所述第一连通通道，所述第五连通通道于所述外壳的壳墙连通所述壳内空间，其中所述减速机以所述减速机的所述换挡动力输出轴经所述第一连通通道延伸至所述壳内空间的方式被安装于所述壳壁，其中所述换挡角度传感器以所述换挡角度传感器的一部分经所述第三连通通道延伸至所述壳内空间并被安装于所述主动减速齿轮的方式被安装于所述壳盖，其中所述换挡拨头的所述拨头主体经所述第二连通通道延伸至所述外壳的外部，其中所述选档电机以所述选档电机的所述选档动力输出轴经所述第四连通通道延伸至所述壳内空间的方式被安装于所述壳盖，其中所述选档角度传感器以所述选档角度传感器的一部分经所述第五连通通道延伸至所述壳内空间并被安装于所述摇臂下段的方式被安装于所述壳墙，其中所述摇臂下段被可转动地安装于所述壳墙以使所述摇臂下段被设置仅做旋转运动。
依本发明的另一个方面，本发明进一步提供一换挡方法，其中所述换挡方法包括如下步骤：
(a)允许一换挡驱动器驱动一换挡拨头在一变速箱的一个换挡轴前后移动而实现自动换挡；和
(b)允许一选档驱动器驱动所述换挡拨头从所述变速箱的一个所述换挡轴转换至另一个所述换挡轴而实现自动选档。
根据本发明的一个实施例，所述步骤(b)进一步包括如下步骤：
(b.1)通过一丝杆组件将一选档电机的旋转运动转换为一选档拨块的往复运动；和
(b.2)允许所述选档拨块带动所述换挡拨头往复运动。
附图说明
图1是依本发明的一较佳实施例的一换挡执行装置的立体示意图。
图2是依本发明的上述较佳实施例的所述换挡执行装置的分解示意图。
图3是依本发明的上述较佳实施例的所述换挡执行装置的局部立体示意图。
图4是依本发明的上述较佳实施例的所述换挡执行装置的一个局部工作状态示意图。
图5是依本发明的上述较佳实施例的所述换挡执行装置的另一个局部工作状态示意图。
图6是依本发明的上述较佳实施例的所述换挡执行装置的应用状态示意图。
具体实施方式
以下描述用于揭露本发明以使本领域技术人员能够实现本发明。以下描述中的优选实施例只作为举例，本领域技术人员可以想到其他显而易见的变型。在以下描述中界定的本发明的基本原理可以应用于其他实施方案、变形方案、改进方案、等同方案以及没有背离本发明的精神和范围的其他技术方案。
本领域技术人员应理解的是，在本发明的揭露中，术语“纵向”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系是基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，其仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此上述术语不能理解为对本发明的限制。
可以理解的是，术语“一”应理解为“至少一”或“一个或多个”，即在一个实施例中，一个元件的数量可以为一个，而在另外的实施例中，该元件的数量可以为多个，术语“一”不能理解为对数量的限制。
参考本发明的说明书附图之附图1至图6，依本发明的一较佳实施例的一换挡执行装置100在接下来的描述中被揭露和被阐述，其中所述换挡执行装置100被应用于一变速箱200，并且所述换挡执行装置100能够自动地控制所述变速箱200而允许所述农机自动地选档和换挡，如此允许所述农机在复杂的作业环境中作业和提高所述农机的自动化水平。
具体地，所述换挡执行装置100包括一换挡驱动器10、一选档驱动器20以及一换挡拨头30，其中所述换挡拨头30被可驱动地连接于所述换挡驱动器10以允许所述换挡拨头30能够被所述换挡驱动器10驱动而实现换挡，和所述换挡拨头30被可驱动地连接于所述选档驱动器20以允许所述换挡拨头30能够被所述选档驱动器20驱动而实现选档。所述变速箱200具有两个换挡轴201，其中所述变速箱200的每个所述换挡轴201分别对应于所述农机的不同档位，例如高速档、低速档、空档、倒车档等档位分别对应于所述变速箱200的不同的所述换挡轴201，其中所述变速箱200的每个所述换挡轴201能够分别被可驱动地连接于所述换挡执行装置100的所述换挡拨头30。换言之，所述换挡执行装置100的所述换挡拨头30能够择一驱动所述变速箱200的两个所述换挡轴201中的一个所述换挡轴201，其中所述换挡驱动器10能够驱动所述换挡拨头30在所述变速箱200的一个所述换挡轴201前后移动而实现自动换挡，所述选档驱 动器20能够驱动所述换挡拨头30从所述变速箱200的一个所述换挡轴201转换至另一个所述换挡轴201而实现自动选档，通过这样的方式，当所述农机的动力不足时自动降档而增加扭矩，相应地，当所述农机的动力充足时自动升档而提高速度。
更具体地，参考附图2至图5，所述换挡驱动器10包括一换挡电机11、一减速机12以及一减速齿轮组13，其中所述减速机12被安装于所述换挡电机11，并且所述减速机12具有一换挡动力输出轴121，其中所述减速齿轮组13中的减速齿轮相互啮合，并且所述减速齿轮组13中的一个所述减速齿轮被安装于所述减速机12的所述换挡动力输出轴121。所述换挡拨头30包括一拨头主体31和被安装于所述拨头主体31的一拨头齿轮32，其中所述减速齿轮组13中的一个所述减速齿轮被啮合于所述换挡拨头30的所述拨头齿轮32。
在附图1至图6示出的所述换挡执行装置100的这个具体示例中，所述减速齿轮组13由两个所述减速齿轮组成，其中一个所述减速齿轮被定义为一主动减速齿轮131，另一个所述减速齿轮被定义为一传动减速齿轮132，并且所述传动减速齿轮132被啮合于所述主动减速齿轮131，其中所述主动减速齿轮131被安装于所述减速机12的所述换挡动力输出轴121，其中所述换挡拨头30的所述拨头齿轮32被啮合于所述传动减速齿轮132。值得一提的是，所述主动减速齿轮131被安装于所述减速机12的所述换挡动力输出轴121的方式在本发明的所述换挡执行装置100中不受限制，其只要允许所述主动减速齿轮131能够被所述减速机12的所述换挡动力输出轴121带动而同步地转动即可，例如所述主动减速齿轮131和所述减速机12的所述换挡动力输出轴121可以是键连接。
优选地，所述换挡拨头30以所述换挡拨头30的所述拨头齿轮32对应于所述减速齿轮组13的所述主动减速齿轮131的方式被保持在所述减速机12的一侧，并且所述减速齿轮组13的所述传动减速齿轮132被设置同时啮合于所述主动减速齿轮131和所述换挡拨头30的所述拨头齿轮32，通过这样的方式，所述换挡执行装置100的尺寸能够被小型化和轻便化。
当所述换挡电机11被供能而以转动的方式输出动力时，所述减速机12能够降低所述换挡电机11的转速并进一步通过所述减速机12的所述换挡动力输出轴121输出动力，以带动被安装于所述减速机12的所述换挡动力输出轴121的所述主动减速齿轮131同步地转动，其中在所述主动减速齿轮131通过所述传动减速齿轮132驱动所述换挡拨头30的所述拨头齿轮32转动而带动所述换挡拨头30的所述拨头主体31同步地转动时能够进一步降低转速，如此所述减速齿轮组13通过多级齿轮减速增扭作用而将动力传递至所述换挡拨头30，以实现所述换挡拨头30的转动，这样所述换挡拨头30能够被驱动而在所述变速箱200的一个所述换挡轴201前后移动而实现自动换挡。
继续参考附图2至图5，所述换挡执行装置100进一步包括一换挡角度传感器40，其中所述换挡角度传感器40被安装于所述换挡驱动器10的所述减速齿轮组13的所述主动减速齿轮131，以允许所述换挡角度传感器40通过监控所述 主动减速齿轮131的转动角度的方式监控所述换挡拨头30的所述拨头主体31的转动角度，如此所述换挡执行装置100能够实现对换挡的精确控制。
继续参考附图1至图6，所述选档驱动器20包括一选档电机21、一丝杆组件22以及一选档拨块23，其中所述丝杆组件22被可驱动地连接于所述选档电机21，所述选档拨块23被可驱动地连接于所述丝杆组件22，其中所述换挡拨头30的所述拨头主体31被可驱动地连接于所述选档驱动器20的所述选档拨块23。所述丝杆组件22用于将所述选档电机21的旋转运动转换为所述选档拨块23的往复运动，以允许所述选档拨块23拨动所述换挡拨头30的所述拨头主体31同步地往复运动，从而使所述换挡拨头30从所述变速箱200的一个所述换挡轴201转换至另一个所述换挡轴201而实现自动选档。
具体地，所述选档电机21具有一选档动力输出轴211，其中所述丝杆组件22包括一丝杆221和被套装于所述丝杆221的一丝套222，所述丝杆221被安装于所述选档电机21的所述选档动力输出轴211，所述选档拨块23被安装于所述丝套222。当所述选档电机21被供能而允许所述选档动力输出轴211以转动的方式输出动力时能够带动所述丝杆221同步地转动，如此所述丝杆221能够驱动所述丝套222带动所述选档拨块23同步地做远离或靠近所述选档电机21的运动，如此所述丝杆组件22的所述丝杆221和所述丝套222能够相互配合而将所述选档电机21的所述选档动力输出轴211的旋转运动转换为所述选档拨块23的往复运动，这样所述换挡拨头30从所述变速箱200的一个所述换挡轴201转换至另一个所述换挡轴201而实现自动选档。
更具体地，所述选档拨块23包括一拨块主体231和自所述拨块主体231向外延伸的一拨臂232，其中所述拨块主体231被设置于所述丝杆组件22的所述丝套222，以允许所述丝杆组件22的所述丝套222带动所述拨块主体231同步地和同幅度地运动。优选地，所述拨块主体231和所述丝套222是一体式结构。可选地，所述拨块主体231和所述丝套222是分体式结构，并被相互安装。所述换挡拨头30的所述拨头主体31具有一环形卡槽311，所述选档拨块23的所述拨臂232延伸至和被保持在所述拨头主体31的所述环形卡槽311，如此一方面，在所述换挡拨头30被所述换挡驱动器10驱动而做旋转运动时，所述选档拨块23的所述拨臂232能够被可靠地保持在所述换挡拨头30的所述头拨头主体31的所述环形卡槽311内，另一方面，在所述选档电机21通过所述丝杆组件22驱动所述选档拨块23往复运动时，所述选档拨块23的所述拨臂232能够带动所述换挡拨头30同步地和同幅度地做往复运动。在附图1至图6示出的所述换挡执行装置100的这个具体示例中，所述选档拨块23的所述拨臂232具有一个“C”字形的保持槽2321，以允许所述拨头主体31的用于形成所述环形卡槽311的部位被保持在所述拨臂232的所述保持槽2321，如此在所述选档拨块23被驱动而做往复运动时，所述选档拨块23的所述拨臂232能够带动所述换挡拨头30同步地和同幅度地做往复运动。
继续参考附图2至图5，所述换挡执行装置100进一步包括一传感器摇臂 50和一选档角度传感器60，其中所述传感器摇臂50包括一摇臂横杆51、自所述摇臂横杆51的一个端部向上延伸的一摇臂上段52以及自所述摇臂横杆51的另一个端部向下延伸的一摇臂下段53，其中所述拨块主体231具有一滑槽2310，所述传感器摇臂50的所述摇臂上段52被可滑动地安装于所述拨块主体231的所述滑槽2310，其中所述选档角度传感器60被安装于所述传感器摇臂50的所述摇臂下段53，并且所述传感器摇臂50的所述摇臂下段53被设置仅能够做旋转运动。当所述选档拨块23被驱动而做往复运动以允许所述选档拨块23的所述拨臂232带动所述换挡拨头30同步地和同幅度地做往复运动时，所述选档拨块23的所述拨块主体231能够驱动所述传感器摇臂50的所述摇臂上段52和所述摇臂横杆51以所述摇臂下段53为旋转轴而做旋转运动，如此所述选档角度传感器60通过监控所述传感器摇臂50的所述摇臂下段53的转动角度的方式能够监控所述换挡拨头30的运动幅度(位移幅度)，从而所述换挡执行装置100能够实现对选档的精确控制。
优选地，所述换挡拨头30的位置在初次调试所述换挡执行装置100时由所述换挡角度传感器40和所述选档角度传感器60确定，如此能够保证所述换挡执行装置100对换挡和选档的精确控制而保证农机的动力系统的可靠性和稳定性。
继续参考附图1至图6，所述换挡执行装置100进一步包括一外壳70，其中所述外壳70包括一主壳体71和被安装于所述主壳体71的一壳盖72以及形成于所述主壳体71和所述壳盖72之间的一壳内空间73。
具体地，所述主壳体71包括一壳壁711和一壳墙712以及具有一凹腔713、一开口714、一第一连通通道715以及一第二连通通道716，其中所述壳墙712一体地延伸于所述壳壁711的四周，以于所述壳墙712和所述壳壁711之间形成所述凹腔713，和由所述壳墙712界定连通于所述凹腔713的所述开口714，其中所述第一连通通道715和所述第二连通通道716分别在所述壳壁711的不同位置连通所述凹腔713。所述减速机12被安装于所述主壳体71的所述壳壁711，并且所述减速机12的所述换挡动力输出轴121经所述第一连通通道715延伸至所述主壳体71的所述凹腔713，其中所述主动减速齿轮131被可转动地保持在所述主壳体71的所述凹腔713。优选地，所述主动减速齿轮131通过一个轴承被可转动地安装于所述主壳体71，如此允许所述主动减速齿轮131被可靠地保持在所述主壳体71的所述凹腔713的预设位置。
所述换挡拨头30的所述拨头主体31的一个端部以所述换挡拨头30的所述拨头齿轮32被保持在所述主壳体71的所述凹腔713的方式经所述主壳体71的所述第二连通通道716延伸至所述外壳70的外部，以能够被安装于所述变速箱200。优选地，所述换挡拨头30的所述拨头主体31通过一个或者两个轴承被可转动地安装于所述主壳体71，如此允许所述换挡拨头30的所述拨头齿轮32被可靠地保持在所述主壳体71的所述凹腔713的预设位置。
所述换挡驱动器10的所述减速齿轮组13的所述传动减速齿轮132被保持 在所述主动减速齿轮131和所述拨头齿轮32之间，并且所述传动减速齿轮132分别啮合于所述主动减速齿轮131和所述拨头齿轮32，如此所述传动减速齿轮132被可靠地保持在所述主壳体71的所述凹腔713的预设位置。
所述壳盖72具有一第三连通通道721，其中在所述壳盖72被安装于所述主壳体71以封闭所述主壳体71的所述开口714时，所述壳盖72的所述第三连通通道721连通于所述壳内空间73，并对应于所述主壳体71的所述第一连通通道715，其中所述换挡角度传感器40被安装于所述壳盖72，并且所述换挡角度传感器40的一部分经所述壳盖72的所述第三连通通道721延伸至所述外壳70的所述壳内空间73而被安装于所述主动减速齿轮131。
所述壳盖72进一步具有一第四连通通道722，所述第四连通通道722连通于所述壳内空间73，其中所述选档电机21被安装于所述壳盖72，并且所述选档电机21的所述选档动力输出轴211经所述壳盖72的所述第四连通通道722延伸至所述外壳70的所述壳内空间73，其中所述丝套组件22和所述选档拨块23被保持在所述外壳70的所述壳内空间73的预设位置，并且所述丝套组件22的所述丝杆221被可驱动地安装于所述选档电机21的所述选档动力输出轴211，和所述换挡拨头30的所述拨头主体31被可驱动地安装于所述选档拨块23的所述拨臂232。优选地，所述丝杆组件22通过一个轴承被可转动地安装于所述主壳体71，如此允许所述丝杆组件22被可靠地保持在所述外壳70的所述壳内空间73的预设位置。
进一步地，所述主壳体71具有一第五连通通道717，所述第五连通通道717于所述壳墙712连通于所述凹腔713，其中所述选档角度传感器60被安装于所述主壳体71的所述壳墙712，并且所述选档角度传感器60的一部分经所述主壳体71的所述第五连通通道717延伸至所述外壳70的所述壳内空间73而被安装于所述传感器摇臂50的所述摇臂下段53。为了保证所述传感器摇臂50的所述摇臂下段53被设置仅能够做旋转运动，所述传感器摇臂50的所述摇臂下段53被可转动地安装于所述主壳体71的所述壳墙712。优选地，所述传感器摇臂50的所述摇臂下段53通过一个轴承被可转动地安装于所述主壳体71的所述壳墙712。
参考附图4至图6，在自动换挡时，向所述换挡电机11供能而允许所述换挡电机11以转动的方式输出动力，所述减速机12能够降低所述换挡电机11的转动并进一步通过所述减速机12的所述换挡动力输出轴121输出动力，以带动被安装于所述减速机12的所述换挡动力输出轴121的所述主动减速齿轮131同步地转动，其中在所述主动减速齿轮131通过所述传动减速齿轮132驱动所述换挡拨头30的所述拨头齿轮32转动而带动所述换挡拨头30的所述拨头主体31同步地转动时能够进一步降低转速，这样所述换挡拨头30能够被驱动而在所述变速箱200的一个所述换挡轴201前后移动而实现自动换挡。同时，所述换挡传感器40能够通过监控所述主动减速齿轮131的转动角度的方式监控所述换挡拨头30的所述拨头主体31的转动角度，如此所述换挡执行装置100能够实现 对换挡的精确控制。
相应地，在自动选档时，向所述选档电机21供能而允许所述选档电机21以转动的方式输出动力，所述丝杆组件22的所述丝杆221和所述丝套222能够相互配合而将所述选档电机21的旋转运动转换为被设置于所述丝套222的所述选档拨块23的往复运动，此时所述选档拨块23的所述拨臂232能够带动所述换挡拨头30的所述拨头主体31做往复运动，这样所述换挡拨头30能够被驱动而从所述变速箱200的一个所述换挡轴201转换至另一个所述换挡轴201而实现自动选档。同时，所述选档角度传感器60能够通过监控所述传感器摇臂50的所述摇臂下段53的转动角度的方式能够监控所述换挡拨头30的运动幅度(位移幅度)，如此所述换挡执行装置100能够实现对选档的精确控制。
依本发明的另一个方面，本发明进一步提供一换挡方法，其中所述换挡方法包括如下步骤：
(a)允许所述换挡驱动器10驱动所述换挡拨头30在所述变速箱200的一个所述换挡轴201前后移动而实现自动换挡；和
(b)允许所述选档驱动器20驱动所述换挡拨头30从所述变速箱200的一个所述换挡轴201转换至另一个所述换挡轴201而实现自动选档。
优选地，所述步骤(b)进一步包括如下步骤：
(b.1)通过所述丝杆组件22将所述选档电机21的旋转运动转换为所述选档拨块23的往复运动；和
(b.2)允许所述选档拨块23带动所述换挡拨头30往复运动。
本领域的技术人员可以理解的是，以上实施例仅为举例，其中不同实施例的特征可以相互组合，以得到根据本发明揭露的内容很容易想到但是在附图中没有明确指出的实施方式。
本领域的技术人员应理解，上述描述及附图中所示的本发明的实施例只作为举例而并不限制本发明。本发明的目的已经完整并有效地实现。本发明的功能及结构原理已在实施例中展示和说明，在没有背离所述原理下，本发明的实施方式可以有任何变形或修改。

Claims (12)

  1. 一换挡执行装置，应用于一变速箱，其中所述变速箱具有两个换挡轴，其特征在于，包括：
    一换挡驱动器；
    一选档驱动器；以及
    一换挡拨头，其中所述换挡拨头被可驱动地安装于所述换挡驱动器，以允许所述换挡驱动器驱动所述换挡拨头在所述变速箱的一个所述换挡轴前后移动，其中所述换挡拨头被可驱动地安装于所述选档驱动器，以允许所述选档驱动器驱动所述换挡拨头从所述变速箱的一个所述换挡轴转换至另一个所述换挡轴。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的换挡执行装置，其中所述换挡驱动器包括一驱动电机、被安装于所述驱动电机的一减速机、被安装于所述减速机的换挡动力输出轴的一主动减速齿轮以及被啮合于所述主动减速齿轮的一传动减速齿轮，其中所述换挡拨头包括一拨头主体和被设置于所述拨头主体的一拨头齿轮，所述拨头齿轮被啮合于所述传动减速齿轮。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的换挡执行装置，其中所述选档驱动器包括一选档电机、一丝杆组件以及一选档拨块，所述丝杆组件包括一丝杆和被套装于所述丝杆的一丝套，所述丝杆被安装于所述选档电机的选档动力输出轴，所述选档拨块被设置于所述丝套，其中所述换挡拨头被可驱动地设置于所述选档拨块。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的换挡执行装置，其中所述选档驱动器包括一选档电机、一丝杆组件以及一选档拨块，所述丝杆组件包括一丝杆和被套装于所述丝杆的一丝套，所述丝杆被安装于所述选档电机的选档动力输出轴，所述选档拨块被设置于所述丝套，其中所述选档拨头的所述拨头主体被可驱动地安装于所述选档拨块。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的换挡执行装置，其中所述选档拨块具有一拨臂，所述拨头主体具有一环形卡槽，其中所述选档拨块的所述拨臂延伸至和被保持在所述拨头主体的所述环形卡槽。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的换挡执行装置，其中所述拨臂具有一“C”字形的保持槽，所述拨头主体的用于形成所述环形卡槽的部位被保持在所述拨臂的所 述保持槽。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的换挡执行装置，进一步包括一换挡角度传感器，所述换挡角度传感器被安装于所述主动减速齿轮。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的换挡执行装置，进一步包括一传感器摇臂和一选档角度传感器，其中所述传感器摇臂包括一摇臂横杆、自所述摇臂横杆的一个端部向上延伸的一摇臂上段以及自所述摇臂横杆的另一个端部向下延伸的一摇臂下段，其中所述摇臂上段被可滑动地安装于所述选档拨块的滑槽，所述选档角度传感器被安装于所述摇臂下段，并且所述摇臂下段被设置仅做旋转运动。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的换挡执行装置，进一步包括一传感器摇臂和一选档角度传感器，其中所述传感器摇臂包括一摇臂横杆、自所述摇臂横杆的一个端部向上延伸的一摇臂上段以及自所述摇臂横杆的另一个端部向下延伸的一摇臂下段，其中所述摇臂上段被可滑动地安装于所述选档拨块的滑槽，所述选档角度传感器被安装于所述摇臂下段，并且所述摇臂下段被设置仅做旋转运动。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的换挡执行装置，进一步包括一外壳，其中所述外壳具有一壳内空间、一第一连通通道、一第二连通通道、一第三连通通道、一第四连通通道以及一第五连通通道，所述第一连通通道和所述第二连通通道于所述外壳的壳壁连通所述壳内空间，所述第三连通通道和所述第四连通通道于所述外壳的壳盖连通所述壳内空间，并且所述第三连通通道对应于所述第一连通通道，所述第五连通通道于所述外壳的壳墙连通所述壳内空间，其中所述减速机以所述减速机的所述换挡动力输出轴经所述第一连通通道延伸至所述壳内空间的方式被安装于所述壳壁，其中所述换挡角度传感器以所述换挡角度传感器的一部分经所述第三连通通道延伸至所述壳内空间并被安装于所述主动减速齿轮的方式被安装于所述壳盖，其中所述换挡拨头的所述拨头主体经所述第二连通通道延伸至所述外壳的外部，其中所述选档电机以所述选档电机的所述选档动力输出轴经所述第四连通通道延伸至所述壳内空间的方式被安装于所述壳盖，其中所述选档角度传感器以所述选档角度传感器的一部分经所述第五连通通道延伸至所述壳内空间并被安装于所述摇臂下段的方式被安装于所述壳墙，其中所述摇臂下段被可转动地安装于所述壳墙以使所述摇臂下段被设置仅做旋转运动。
  11. 一换挡方法，其特征在于，所述换挡方法包括如下步骤：
    (a)允许一换挡驱动器驱动一换挡拨头在一变速箱的一个换挡轴前后移动而实现自动换挡；和
    (b)允许一选档驱动器驱动所述换挡拨头从所述变速箱的一个所述换挡轴转换至另一个所述换挡轴而实现自动选档。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的换挡方法，其中所述步骤(b)进一步包括如下步骤：
    (b.1)通过一丝杆组件将一选档电机的旋转运动转换为一选档拨块的往复运动；和
    (b.2)允许所述选档拨块带动所述换挡拨头往复运动。
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