WO2022032994A1 - 一种建筑物托换基础旋转移位纠倾方法 - Google Patents

一种建筑物托换基础旋转移位纠倾方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022032994A1
WO2022032994A1 PCT/CN2021/074207 CN2021074207W WO2022032994A1 WO 2022032994 A1 WO2022032994 A1 WO 2022032994A1 CN 2021074207 W CN2021074207 W CN 2021074207W WO 2022032994 A1 WO2022032994 A1 WO 2022032994A1
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Prior art keywords
foundation
underpinning
building
track
displacement
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PCT/CN2021/074207
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English (en)
French (fr)
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贾强
张鑫
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山东建筑大学
山东建大工程鉴定加固研究院
山东建固特种专业工程有限公司
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Publication of WO2022032994A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022032994A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/06—Separating, lifting, removing of buildings; Making a new sub-structure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D35/00—Straightening, lifting, or lowering of foundation structures or of constructions erected on foundations

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  • the present disclosure relates to the field of building inclination correction, in particular to a method for rotation and displacement of a building underpinning foundation.
  • Building tilt rectification refers to the uneven settlement of the foundation of the building due to some reason of the foundation, the foundation or the building itself, and its superstructure deviates from the vertical position and tilts. The measures taken to ensure the safety of the building and restore its normal use function when it affects the safety and normal use of the building.
  • Building displacement is the process of setting up underpinning chassis and displacement rails under the original building, cutting the upper structure of the building from the original foundation, and setting up a traction or push device on one side of the building to move the building to a new site.
  • the general building displacement technology mostly moves the building along the horizontal direction.
  • a circular arc-shaped track is arranged in the inclined direction of the building, and the inclination correction is realized by sliding along the circular-arc-shaped track.
  • the rotation path of this method is two-dimensional, and its cross-section is a part of the arc, and the applicable conditions are limited: only the inclination direction of the building is consistent with the main axis arrangement direction of the vertical components (columns or walls) of the building, can this method be used Methods: During the traditional displacement process, the stability between the underpinning beams is not good, and the spacing between adjacent frame columns is easily changed, resulting in the bending damage of the frame columns; Seismic isolation can be achieved only when the direction of the rotation and displacement of the building is the same; however, the tilting direction of the building is related to the distribution of the foundation soil, which is very random, and rarely coincides with the arrangement direction of the main axis of the vertical components of the building.
  • the generation is also random, and it is impossible to be exactly the same as the installation direction of the building's seismic isolation structure. Therefore, for buildings inclined in any direction, and for earthquakes generated in any direction, the current inclination correction methods and seismic isolation structures are difficult to meet. need.
  • the purpose disclosed by the present invention is to provide a method for rectifying the inclination of a building underpinning foundation by rotation, displacement, and inclination in view of the defects in the prior art.
  • the beam constructs the underpinning foundation. After truncating the connection between the independent foundation and the frame column, the underpinning foundation drives the rotation and displacement of the building along the displacement track to realize the effective tilt correction of the three-dimensional space trajectory.
  • a method for rotation, displacement and tilt correction of a building underpinning foundation comprising the following steps:
  • the track foundation is poured above the independent foundation.
  • the side of the track foundation facing the building forms a space curved surface in the shape of the inner surface of the sphere.
  • the space curved surface covers all the independent foundations, and the displaced track is laid along the space curved surface;
  • the underpinning beams are poured on both sides of the frame columns of the building, and the underpinning beams clamp the frame columns from both sides and are fixedly connected with them;
  • connection between the frame column and the independent foundation is cut off from the construction gap, and the building load is transferred from the frame column and the independent foundation to the underpinning beam, the underpinning foundation, the displacement track, and the track foundation transfer;
  • the working pit is a ring-shaped working pit, and the diameter is greater than the length of the diagonal of the building, so that all the independent foundations are within the scope of the working pit, and the position of the bottom surface of the independent foundation that reaches the maximum settlement at the deepest point of the working pit is the elevation.
  • the spherical center of the corresponding space surface of the track foundation is located directly above the centroid of the building plane, and the independent foundations are all poured into the track foundation.
  • the track foundation corresponds to the side with the small settlement of the building, and the track foundation extends to the outer edge of the independent foundation; for the side with a large settlement of the building, the track foundation extends to the outside of the independent foundation and increases the arc length of the rotational displacement. .
  • underpinning beams are poured on both sides of the longitudinal frame columns or transverse frame columns of the building, and the underpinning beams are connected with the frame columns through pre-implanted steel bars in the frame columns, and clamp the frame columns from both sides.
  • the underpinning beam and the frame column are arranged vertically, and the beam bottom elevation of the underpinning beam is greater than the elevation of the intersection of the outermost frame column and the rotational displacement track.
  • the underpinning foundation is cast in sections along the arrangement direction of the underpinning beam, and the underpinning foundation adopts the plate part suitable for the curved surface displacement track as the bottom template to form a bowl-shaped underpinning foundation. Beams connect frame columns.
  • the track foundation and the displacement track at the position of the frame column are constructed to form a complete rotation and displacement track of the three-dimensional space curved structure, and the construction gap is filled to form a complete bowl-shaped underpinning. Base.
  • the underpinning foundation drives the building to move along the displacement track
  • the position of the highest point gradually decreases while rotating along the circumferential direction
  • the position of the lowest point gradually rises while rotating along the circumferential direction, so that the top surface of the underpinning foundation tends to move.
  • the building slope gradually decreases to meet the demand.
  • the displacement track by establishing a track foundation with a space curved surface, and set the underpinning beam for the inclined building to construct the underpinning foundation. After truncating the connection between the independent foundation and the frame column, the underpinning foundation drives the building along the displacement.
  • the rotation and displacement of the track realizes the effective tilt correction of the three-dimensional space trajectory.
  • the tilt correction is realized by the rotation and displacement of the three-dimensional space curved track, which overcomes the current difficulty in correcting the tilt direction of the two-dimensional path. Inconsistent with the arrangement direction of the main shaft, the inclination rectification is limited, and after the inclination is rectified, a self-recovery structure that can isolate the earthquake force in any direction can be formed;
  • the method of rotation and displacement is used to correct the tilt, which is simpler, safer and more controllable than the forced landing method. It does not need to estimate the amount of settlement, soil excavation and irrigation in advance, and only needs to use conventional measurement methods to intuitively complete the correction. It can smoothly and stably realize the overall rotation and tilt correction of the building, improve the reliability in the process of tilt correction, and ensure the stability of the overall structure of the frame-type building;
  • the constructed trajectory surface is a spherical partial structure of a three-dimensional space curved surface, which can be suitable for ground settlement rectification in any direction, as well as isolation effects for earthquakes in any direction, overcoming the two-dimensional path rectification mentioned in the background art. limitation;
  • the underpinning foundation connection is formed by pouring, which maintains the spacing between adjacent frame columns, increases the strength of the underpinning beams, and overcomes the traditional displacement.
  • the stability between the underpinning beams is not good, and the spacing between adjacent frame columns is prone to change, resulting in the bending damage of the frame columns, which improves the protection of the overall frame structure of the building.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of an independent foundation before a building is rectified in an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is an elevation view of a building in the longitudinal direction (X-axis direction) before tilt correction in the embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is an elevation view of a building before the lateral (Y-axis direction) inclination correction in the embodiment of the disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of an independent foundation exposed by annular excavation around a building according to an embodiment of the disclosure
  • FIG. 5 is a plan view of a construction empty surface curved surface displacement track in an embodiment of the disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 is an elevation view along the longitudinal direction of the building (X-axis direction) of the construction empty surface curved surface displacement track in the embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7 is an elevation view along the building transverse direction (Y-axis direction) of the construction empty surface curved surface displacement track in the embodiment of the disclosure
  • Fig. 10 is the plan view of pouring the bowl-shaped underpinning foundation in blocks in the embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 11 is an elevation view (perpendicular to the direction of the underpinning beam) of pouring the bowl-shaped underpinning foundation in blocks according to the embodiment of the disclosure;
  • FIG. 12 is an elevation view (parallel to the direction of the underpinning beam) of the bowl-shaped underpinning foundation cast in blocks according to the embodiment of the disclosure;
  • 13 is an elevation view (perpendicular to the underpinning beam direction) of the connection between the truncated frame column and the independent foundation in the embodiment of the disclosure;
  • FIG. 14 is a plan view of the gaps between pouring and segmented bowl-shaped foundations in an embodiment of the present disclosure, which are connected to form an integral bowl-shaped foundation;
  • Fig. 15 is an elevation view (perpendicular to the direction of the underpinning beam) of the gaps between the poured and segmented bowl-shaped foundations in the embodiment of the disclosure, and the connection is an integral bowl-shaped foundation;
  • FIG. 16 is a plan view of the embodiment of the disclosure after the rotation and displacement are corrected
  • 17 is an elevation view (perpendicular to the direction of the underpinning beam) after the rotation and displacement are corrected in accordance with the embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 18 is an elevation view (parallel to the underpinning beam direction) of the embodiment of the disclosure after the rotation and displacement are corrected.
  • Coordinate axis along the longitudinal direction of the building (X axis), 2. Coordinate axis along the lateral direction of the building (Y axis), 3. The overall tilting and sinking direction of the building, 4. Independent foundation, 5. Frame column, 6. Foundation soil, 7. Frame beam plate, 8. The upper edge of the working pit slope, 9. The edge of the rotation and displacement track, 10. Underpinning beam, 11. Bowl-shaped underpinning foundation.
  • a circular arc track is set in the direction of the building's inclination, and the inclination correction is realized by the method of rotation and displacement; however, the rotation path of this method is two-dimensional, and the applicable conditions are limited. ;
  • the present disclosure proposes a method for correcting the inclination of a building underpinning by rotation, displacement, and inclination.
  • a method for rotation, displacement and tilt correction of a building underpinning foundation comprising the following steps:
  • the work pit is a circular work pit with a diameter greater than the length of the diagonal of the building, so that all independent foundations are within the scope of the work pit, and the deepest part of the work pit reaches settlement.
  • the position of the bottom surface of the largest independent foundation is the elevation;
  • the track foundation is poured above the independent foundation.
  • the side of the track foundation facing the building forms a space surface in the shape of part of the inner surface of the sphere.
  • the space surface covers all the independent foundations.
  • the center of the space surface corresponding to the track foundation is located directly above the center of the building plane. , the independent foundations are all cast in the track foundation, and the displaced track is laid along the space surface;
  • the underpinning beams are poured on both sides of the frame columns of the building, and the underpinning beams clamp the frame columns from both sides and are fixedly connected with them;
  • connection between the frame column and the independent foundation is cut off from the construction gap, and the building load is transferred from the frame column and the independent foundation to the underpinning beam, the underpinning foundation, the displacement track, and the track foundation transfer;
  • the origin of the Cartesian coordinate system is set to coincide with the centroid of the building, and the length direction of the building is defined as the longitudinal direction, which is represented by the X-axis direction of the Cartesian coordinate system.
  • Coordinate axis 1 define the width direction of the building as the horizontal direction, represented by the Y-axis direction, and the figure is along the horizontal (Y-axis) coordinate axis of the building; define the vertical direction of the building as the Z-axis direction;
  • the inclination direction is any direction, and generally does not coincide with the X and Y axis directions.
  • the figure shows the overall inclination and sinking direction of the building 3.
  • the rectification method includes the following steps:
  • the deepest point of the working pit should reach the maximum settlement and the bottom surface of the independent foundation should be the elevation to ensure that all the independent foundations are exposed in the working pit.
  • the frame column 5 above the independent foundation corresponds to the frame beam plate 7 between the frame columns;
  • the circular edge line of the slope top of the annular working pit is the intersection line between the working pit and the natural ground, that is, the upper edge line 8 of the working pit slope.
  • the radius of the sphere is usually set to 3 to 4 times the height of the building.
  • the bottom vertex of the track shall pass through the top surface of the independent foundation at the centroid of the plane. If there is no independent foundation at the centroid, the higher point of the top surface of the adjacent independent foundation shall be taken; the elevation of the track shall be guaranteed to be higher than the top of all independent foundations. noodle;
  • the range of track setting should extend to the outer edge of the independent foundation on the side with small settlement of the building; on the side with large settlement of the building, in addition to extending to the outer edge of the independent foundation, the arc length of the rotational displacement should be increased.
  • the distance can be calculated according to the following formula:
  • the track can be smooth steel plate or tetrafluoroethylene plate.
  • the curvature of the track is the same as the curvature of the base.
  • the upper surface of the track is painted with grease to reduce the resistance during rotational displacement;
  • intersection line of the rotation displacement track corresponding to the top surface of the track base is the boundary line 9 of the rotation displacement track.
  • concrete underpinning beams can also be poured from both sides of the horizontal frame columns of the building, and are also fixedly connected with the frame columns through pre-injected steel bars;
  • the underpinning beam is perpendicular to the frame column. Since the frame column is inclined before it is rectified, the angle between the underpinning beam and the horizontal plane is the same as the inclination angle of the frame column.
  • the beam bottom elevation of the underpinning beam should be greater than the elevation of the intersection of the outermost frame column and the rotational displacement track.
  • the reinforced concrete bowl-shaped underpinning foundation 11 is cast in sections along the longitudinal (or transverse) direction of the building.
  • the underpinning foundation shall be cast in sections along the longitudinal direction. Underpinning the foundation to facilitate the pouring operation.
  • the foundation should adopt the steel plate or tetrafluoroethylene plate with the same curvature as the curved track as the bottom formwork, and the top surface of the foundation and the underpinning beam have the same inclination angle.
  • each section of the bowl-shaped foundation is connected to the frame column by means of underpinning beams.
  • the underpinning foundation connection is formed by pouring, which maintains the spacing between adjacent frame columns, increases the strength of the underpinning beams, and overcomes the traditional During the displacement process, the stability between the underpinning beams is not good, and the spacing between adjacent frame columns is prone to change, resulting in the bending damage of the frame columns, which improves the protection of the overall frame structure of the building.
  • the load of the upper building is transferred from the frame column to the underpinning beam, the bowl-shaped underpinning foundation, the displacement track, the rotational displacement track foundation, and finally transferred to the foundation soil.
  • each bowl-shaped underpinning foundation is poured to form a complete bowl-shaped underpinning foundation.
  • a traction device is installed on the top of the slope in the direction of maximum settlement, and the bowl-shaped underpinning foundation and the buildings supported by it are pulled and rotated along the space curve track, and the inclination rate of the upper frame structure is gradually reduced. When the inclination rate meets the specification requirements, stop the rotation displacement.
  • the underpinning foundation drives the foundation to move along the displacement track
  • the position of the highest point gradually decreases while rotating along the circumferential direction
  • the position of the lowest point gradually rises while rotating along the circumferential direction, so that the underpinning position gradually rises.
  • the top surface of the replacement foundation tends to be level, and the building slope is gradually reduced to meet the demand.
  • the bottom surface of the underpinning foundation and the contact surface of the displacement track itself have friction; the moment generated by the two forces will block the building from further rotation, and even return to the original equilibrium position.
  • the energy dissipation effect is produced in the reciprocating motion, and the earthquake damage of the building is prevented.
  • the energy dissipation effect is produced in the reciprocating motion, and the earthquake damage of the building is prevented.
  • the displacement track is laid, and the underpinning beam is set for the inclined building to construct the underpinning foundation.
  • the rotation of the building along the displacement track is driven by the underpinning foundation. Shift to achieve effective tilt correction of the three-dimensional trajectory space trajectory;
  • the inclination correction is realized by the rotation and displacement of the three-dimensional space curved track, which overcomes the limitation that the current two-dimensional path inclination correction is difficult to correct the inclination direction and the main axis arrangement direction.

Abstract

一种建筑物托换基础旋转移位纠倾方法，涉及建筑物纠倾领域，在建筑物周围开挖环形工作坑，通过建立带有空间曲面的轨道基础铺设移位轨道，对倾斜建筑物设置托换梁构建托换基础，在截断独立基础(4)和框架柱(5)连接后，通过托换基础带动建筑物沿移位轨道的旋转移位，实现三维空间轨迹的有效纠倾；针对建筑物任意方向可能产生的整体倾斜，通过三维空间曲面轨道旋转移位实现纠倾，克服了目前二维路径纠倾难以对倾斜方向与主轴布置方向进行纠倾的限制，并且纠倾后可形成对任意方向地震作用力实现隔震的自恢复结构。

Description

一种建筑物托换基础旋转移位纠倾方法 技术领域
本公开涉及建筑物纠倾领域，特别涉及一种建筑物托换基础旋转移位纠倾方法。
背景技术
本部分的陈述仅仅是提供了与本公开相关的背景技术，并不必然构成现有技术。
建筑物纠倾系指建筑物由于地基、基础或建筑物本身的某种原因造成基础不均匀沉降，其上部结构偏离竖直位置而发生倾斜，当建筑物的倾斜程度超过国家有关规范要求、严重影响建筑物安全及正常使用时所采取的以期确保建筑物安全及恢复其正常使用功能的纠倾扶正、加固稳定的措施。
建筑物移位是在原建筑物下方设置托换底盘和移位轨道，将建筑物上部结构与原基础截断，在建筑物一侧设置牵引或者顶推装置，将建筑物移至新址的过程。一般建筑物移位技术多是将建筑物沿水平方向移动。
发明人发现，目前在建筑物倾斜方向上设置圆弧形轨道，并通过沿圆弧形轨道滑动的方法实现纠倾。但该方法的旋转路径是二维的，其截面是圆弧的一部分，适用条件受到限制：只有建筑物倾斜方向和建筑物的竖向构件(柱或墙体)主轴布置方向一致，才能采用该方法；传统的移位过程中，托换梁之间的稳定性不佳，相邻框架柱的间距容易发生变化导致框架柱的弯折损伤；另外，形成的隔震结构在地震作用力方向和建筑物旋转移位方向一致时，才能发挥隔震作用；但建筑物倾斜方向和地基土分布有关，有很大随机性，很少正好与建筑物的竖向构件主轴 布置方向一致；地震作用的产生也具有随机性，不可能正好与建筑物的隔震结构设置方向一致，因此，针对任意方向出现倾斜的建筑物，以及对任意方向产生的地震，目前的纠倾方法及隔震结构难以满足需求。
发明内容
本发明公开的目的是针对现有技术存在的缺陷，提供一种建筑物托换基础旋转移位纠倾方法，通过建立带有空间曲面的轨道基础铺设移位轨道，对倾斜建筑物设置托换梁构建托换基础，在截断独立基础和框架柱连接后，通过托换基础带动建筑物沿移位轨道的旋转移位，实现三维空间轨迹的有效纠倾。
一种建筑物托换基础旋转移位纠倾方法，包括以下步骤：
在建筑物周围开挖工作坑，暴露所有独立基础；
在独立基础上方浇注轨道基础，轨道基础朝向建筑物的一侧形成部分球体内表面形状的空间曲面，空间曲面覆盖所有独立基础，沿空间曲面铺设移位轨道；
在建筑物框架柱两侧浇注托换梁，托换梁从两侧夹住框架柱并与其固连；
在托换梁顶面与移位轨道之间浇注，在框架柱周围留设施工空隙，形成底部适应空间曲面的托换基础；
从施工空隙内切断框架柱与独立基础的连接，建筑物荷载从框架柱、独立基础传递转移到托换梁、托换基础、移位轨道、轨道基础传递；
填充施工空隙，形成完整的碗型托换基础；
驱动托换基础沿移位轨道旋转移位，至上部建筑物倾斜率逐渐减小至符合规范后停止；
处理工作坑，完成纠倾。
进一步地，工作坑为环形工作坑，直径大于建筑物对角线的长度，使得所有 独立基础均在工作坑范围内，工作坑的最深处达到沉降最大独立基础底面位置为标高。
进一步地，轨道基础对应空间曲面的球心位于建筑物平面形心的正上方，独立基础均被浇注在轨道基础内。
进一步地，轨道基础对应建筑物沉降量小的一侧，轨道基础延伸至独立基础外边沿；对应建筑物沉降量大的一侧，轨道基础延伸至独立基础外且增加旋转移位的弧长距离。
进一步地，在建筑物的纵向框架柱或横向框架柱的两侧浇注托换梁，托换梁通过预先植入框架柱内的钢筋与框架柱相连，并从两侧夹住框架柱。
进一步地，托换梁与框架柱垂直布置，托换梁的梁底标高大于最外侧框架柱与旋转移位轨道交点的标高。
进一步地，沿托换梁的布置方向分段浇注托换基础，托换基础采用与曲面移位轨道相适应的板件作为底部模板，形成碗型托换基础，碗型托换基础通过托换梁连接框架柱。
进一步地，在切断框架柱与独立基础的连接后，施工框架柱位置的轨道基础和移位轨道，形成完整的三维空间曲面结构的旋转移位轨道，填充施工空隙，形成完整的碗型托换基础。
进一步地，托换基础带动建筑物沿移位轨道运动的过程中，其最高点位置沿环向转动的同时逐渐下降，最低点位置沿环向转动的同时逐渐上升，使托换基础顶面趋于水平，建筑物倾斜率逐渐减小至满足需求。
与现有技术相比，本公开具有的优点和积极效果是：
(1)通过建立带有空间曲面的轨道基础铺设移位轨道，对倾斜建筑物设置 托换梁构建托换基础，在截断独立基础和框架柱连接后，通过托换基础带动建筑物沿移位轨道的旋转移位，实现三维空间轨迹的有效纠倾，针对建筑物任意方向可能产生的整体倾斜，通过三维空间曲面轨道旋转移位实现纠倾，克服了目前二维路径纠倾难以对倾斜方向与主轴布置方向不一致进行纠倾的限制，并且纠倾后可形成对任意方向地震作用力实现隔震的自恢复结构；
(2)采用旋转移位的方法纠倾，相比迫降的方法更简单、安全、可控，不需要事先预估沉降量、掏土和灌水量，只需要采用常规的测量手段直观地完成纠倾，能够平滑稳定的实现对建筑物整体的旋转纠倾，提升纠倾过程中的可靠性，保证框架式建筑物整体结构的稳定；
(3)构建的轨迹面为三维空间曲面的球面部分结构，能够适合任意方向的地基沉降纠倾，以及对任意方向地震产生隔震效果，克服背景技术中所提到的二维路径纠倾的局限性；
(4)相邻列的框架柱对应的托换梁之间，浇注形成托换基础连接，维持了相邻框架柱之间的间距，并增加了托换梁的强度，克服了传统的移位过程中，托换梁之间的稳定性不佳，相邻框架柱的间距容易发生变化导致框架柱的弯折损伤的问题，提高了对建筑物整体框架结构的保护性。
附图说明
构成本公开的一部分的说明书附图用来提供对本公开的进一步理解，本公开的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本公开，并不构成对本公开的不当限定。
图1为本公开实施例中建筑物纠倾前独立基础的平面图；
图2为本公开实施例中建筑物纵向(X轴方向)纠倾前的立面图；
图3为本公开实施例中建筑物横向(Y轴方向)纠倾前的立面图；
图4为本公开实施例中建筑物周边环形开挖露出独立基础的平面图；
图5为本公开实施例中施工空面曲面移位轨道的平面图；
图6为本公开实施例中施工空面曲面移位轨道的沿建筑物纵向(X轴方向)的立面图；
图7为本公开实施例中施工空面曲面移位轨道的沿建筑物横向(Y轴方向)的立面图；
图8为本公开实施例中施工两侧夹柱托换梁的平面图；
图9为本公开实施例中施工两侧夹柱托换梁的立面图(垂直于托换梁方向)；
图10为本公开实施例中分块浇筑碗形托换基础的平面图；
图11为本公开实施例中分块浇筑碗形托换基础的立面图(垂直于托换梁方向)；
图12为本公开实施例中分块浇筑碗形托换基础的的立面图(平行于托换梁方向)；
图13为本公开实施例中截断框架柱与独立基础之间连接的立面图(垂直于托换梁方向)；
图14为本公开实施例中浇筑分块碗形基础之间的空隙，连接为整体碗形基础的平面图；
图15为本公开实施例中浇筑分块碗形基础之间的空隙，连接为整体碗形基础的立面图(垂直于托换梁方向)；
图16为本公开实施例中旋转移位纠倾后的平面图；
图17为本公开实施例中旋转移位纠倾后的立面图(垂直于托换梁方向)；
图18为本公开实施例中旋转移位纠倾后的立面图(平行于托换梁方向)。
其中：1、沿建筑物纵向(X轴)坐标轴，2、沿建筑物横向(Y轴)坐标轴，3、建筑物整体倾斜下沉方向，4、独立基础，5、框架柱，6、地基土，7、框架梁板，8、工作坑边坡上边沿线，9、旋转移位轨道边沿线，10、托换梁，11、碗形托换基础。
具体实施方式
应该指出，以下详细说明都是例示性的，旨在对本公开提供进一步地说明。除非另有指明，本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本公开所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
需要注意的是，这里所使用的术语仅是为了描述具体实施方式，而非意图限制根据本公开的示例性实施方式。如在这里所使用的，除非上下文另外明确指出，否则单数形式也意图包括复数形式，此外，还应当理解的是，当在本说明书中使用术语“包含”和/或“包括”时，其指明存在特征、步骤、操作、器件、组件和/或它们的组合；
为了方便叙述，本公开中如果出现“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”字样，仅表示与附图本身的上、下、左、右方向一致，并不对结构起限定作用，仅仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的设备或元件必须具有特定的方位，以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本公开的限制。
正如背景技术中所介绍的，现有技术中在建筑物倾斜方向上设置圆弧形轨道，并通过旋转移位的方法实现纠倾；但该方法的旋转路径是二维的，适用条件受到限制；针对上述问题，本公开提出了一种建筑物托换基础旋转移位纠倾方法。
实施例1
本公开的一种典型的实施方式中，如图1-图18所示，提出了一种建筑物托 换基础旋转移位纠倾方法。
能够针对建筑物任意方向可能产生的整体倾斜，通过三维空间曲面轨道旋转移位实现纠倾的方法，不受沉降方向的限制，并且纠倾后可形成对任意方向地震作用力实现隔震的自恢复结构。
包括以下步骤：
一种建筑物托换基础旋转移位纠倾方法，包括以下步骤：
在建筑物周围开挖工作坑，暴露所有独立基础4，工作坑为环形工作坑，直径大于建筑物对角线的长度，使得所有独立基础均在工作坑范围内，工作坑的最深处达到沉降最大独立基础底面位置为标高；
在独立基础上方浇注轨道基础，轨道基础朝向建筑物的一侧形成部分球体内表面形状的空间曲面，空间曲面覆盖所有独立基础，轨道基础对应空间曲面的球心位于建筑物平面形心的正上方，独立基础均被浇注在轨道基础内，沿空间曲面铺设移位轨道；
在建筑物框架柱两侧浇注托换梁，托换梁从两侧夹住框架柱并与其固连；
在托换梁顶面与移位轨道之间浇注，在框架柱周围留设施工空隙，形成底部适应空间曲面的托换基础；
从施工空隙内切断框架柱与独立基础的连接，建筑物荷载从框架柱、独立基础传递转移到托换梁、托换基础、移位轨道、轨道基础传递；
填充施工空隙，形成完整的碗型托换基础；
在切断框架柱与独立基础的连接后，施工框架柱位置的轨道基础和移位轨道，形成完整的三维空间曲面结构的旋转移位轨道，填充施工空隙，形成完整的碗型托换基础；
驱动托换基础沿移位轨道旋转移位，托换基础带动基础沿移位轨道运动的过程中，其最高点位置沿环向转动的同时逐渐下降，最低点位置沿环向转动的同时逐渐上升，使托换基础顶面趋于水平，建筑物倾斜率逐渐减小，至上部建筑物倾斜率逐渐减小至符合规范后停止；
处理工作坑，完成纠倾；在纠倾后的托换基础顶面施工楼地面，回填工作坑土方，恢复建筑物使用功能。
具体的，结合附图，对本实施例中纠倾方法进行详细描述：
为表述方便，设定笛卡尔坐标系的原点与建筑物的形心重合，定义建筑物的长度方向为纵向，用笛卡尔坐标系的X轴方向表示，图中为沿建筑物纵向(X轴)坐标轴1；定义建筑物的宽度方向为横向，用Y轴方向表示，图中为沿建筑物横向(Y轴)坐标轴2；定义建筑物的竖向为Z轴方向；建筑物的整体倾斜方向为任意方向，一般不于X、Y轴方向重合，图中为建筑物整体倾斜下沉方向3。
纠倾方法包括以下步骤：
1)在发生倾斜的建筑物周围地基土6中开挖环形工作坑，工作坑的圆环直径应大于建筑物的对角线长度，以保证所有独立基础4均在工作坑范围内；
工作坑最深处应达到沉降最大独立基础底面位置为标高，以保证所有独立基础都暴露在工作坑内，独立基础上方对应框架柱5，框架柱之间设有框架梁板7；
环形工作坑的边坡坡顶圆形边沿线是工作坑与天然地面的交线，即工作坑边坡上边沿线8。
2)在独立基础上方用混凝土浇筑三维的部分球体内表面的空间曲面结构的旋转移位轨道基础。
可以理解的是，由于框架柱与独立基础未断开，此处的旋转移位轨道基础暂 时无法施工，该轨道基础球心应在建筑物平面形心的正上方；
球体的半径通常设定为3～4倍建筑物层高。
轨道最底顶点应穿过平面形心位置独立基础的顶面，若形心处无独立基础，则取相邻独立基础顶面的较高点；轨道标高应保证全部高于所有独立基础的顶面；
轨道设置的范围，在建筑物沉降小的一侧，应延伸至独立基础外边沿；在建筑物沉降大的一侧，除了延伸至独立基础外边沿以外，还要增加旋转移位的弧长距离，该距离可按照下式计算：
L＝γR
式中，L为建筑物旋转移位的距离；γ为建筑物的倾斜度；R为旋转移位的轨迹线的半径。
3)在空间曲面轨道基础上表面铺设旋转移位轨道。
轨道可以是光滑的钢板，也可以是四氟乙烯板。轨道的曲率与基础的曲率相同。轨道的上表面涂刷油脂，以减少旋转移位时的阻力；
旋转移位轨道对应轨道基础顶面的交线为旋转移位轨道边界线9。
4)在建筑物的纵向框架柱两侧浇筑钢筋混凝土托换梁10，托换梁通过预先植入框架柱内的钢筋与框架柱相连，并从两侧夹住框架柱。
可以理解的是，也可以从建筑的横向框架柱两侧浇注混凝土托换梁，同样与框架柱通过预先注入的钢筋实现固连；
需要指出的是，由于托换梁需要配合浇注形成托换基础，因此，无需纵横方向交错设置托换梁，在形成托换基础后，能够使得相邻的托换梁之间形成稳定的连接，减少了对托换梁的施工步骤。
托换梁与框架柱垂直，由于框架柱纠倾前是倾斜的，所以托换梁与水平面夹 角和框架柱倾斜角度相同。
为保证托换梁与纵向(或者横向)框架柱都实现连接，托换梁的梁底标高应大于最外侧框架柱与旋转移位轨道交点的标高。
5)沿着建筑物的纵向(或者横向)分段浇筑钢筋混凝土碗形托换基础11。
根据步骤4)中的布置方式，若在建筑物的纵向框架柱两侧布置托换梁，则沿纵向分段浇注托换基础，同样的，若横向布置托换梁，则沿横向分段浇注托换基础，方便浇筑操作的进行。
该基础宜采用与曲面轨道曲率相同的钢板或四氟乙烯板作为底模板，基础顶面与托换梁倾斜角度相同。
碗形托换基础浇筑至框架柱附近时停止浇筑，留设竖向施工空隙。每段碗形基础依靠托换梁与框架柱相连。
可以理解的是，相邻列的框架柱对应的托换梁之间，浇注形成托换基础连接，维持了相邻框架柱之间的间距，并增加了托换梁的强度，克服了传统的移位过程中，托换梁之间的稳定性不佳，相邻框架柱的间距容易发生变化导致框架柱的弯折损伤的问题，提高了对建筑物整体框架结构的保护性。
6)在每段碗形托换基础的空隙内，切断框架柱与独立基础的连接。
此时，上部建筑物的荷载从框架柱，转移到托换梁、碗形托换基础、移位轨道、旋转移位轨道基础，最后传递到地基土中。
7)施工框架柱位置的旋转移位基础和轨道，形成完整的三维空间曲面结构的旋转移位轨道。
同时，浇筑每段碗形托换基础之间的空隙，形成完整的碗形托换基础。
8)在沉降最大方向的边坡顶部设置牵引装置，对碗形托换基础以及其支撑 的建筑物沿着空间曲线轨道进行牵引旋转移位，上部框架结构的倾斜率逐渐减小。当倾斜率符合规范要求后，停止旋转移位。
具体的，在本实施例中，托换基础带动基础沿移位轨道运动的过程中，其最高点位置沿环向转动的同时逐渐下降，最低点位置沿环向转动的同时逐渐上升，使托换基础顶面趋于水平，建筑物倾斜率逐渐减小至满足需求。
9)拆除移位牵引装置。
在碗形托换基础顶面施工楼地面，回填工作坑的土方，恢复建筑物使用功能。
对于多方向隔震的实现，在水平地震力作用下，建筑物会产生相应旋转力矩，会沿空间曲面轨道产生滑动；
当离开平衡位置一定倾斜角度之后，建筑物重量沿曲面切线方向的分力会增大；产生与运动方向相反的弹力；
另外，托换基础底面和移位轨道接触面本身具有摩擦力；两种力产生的力矩会阻滞建筑物进一步旋转，甚至会回复到原有平衡位置。在往复运动中产生耗能效果，防止了建筑物的震损。
在往复运动中产生耗能效果，防止了建筑物的震损。
通过建立带有空间曲面的轨道基础铺设移位轨道，对倾斜建筑物设置托换梁构建托换基础，在截断独立基础和框架柱连接后，通过托换基础带动建筑物沿移位轨道的旋转移位，实现三维轨迹空间轨迹的有效纠倾；
针对建筑物任意方向可能产生的整体倾斜，通过三维空间曲面轨道旋转移位实现纠倾，克服了目前二维路径纠倾难以对倾斜方向与主轴布置方向进行纠倾的限制，并且纠倾后可形成对任意方向地震作用力实现隔震的自恢复结构。
以上所述仅为本公开的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本公开，对于本领域 的技术人员来说，本公开可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本公开的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种建筑物托换基础旋转移位纠倾方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
    在建筑物周围开挖工作坑，暴露所有独立基础；
    在独立基础上方浇注轨道基础，轨道基础朝向建筑物的一侧形成部分球体内表面形状的空间曲面，空间曲面覆盖所有独立基础，沿空间曲面铺设移位轨道；
    在建筑物框架柱两侧浇注托换梁，托换梁从两侧夹住框架柱并与其固连；
    在托换梁顶面与移位轨道之间浇注，在框架柱周围留设施工空隙，形成底部适应空间曲面的托换基础；
    从施工空隙内切断框架柱与独立基础的连接，建筑物荷载从框架柱、独立基础传递转移到托换梁、托换基础、移位轨道、轨道基础传递；
    填充施工空隙，形成完整的碗型托换基础；
    驱动托换基础沿移位轨道旋转移位，至上部建筑物倾斜率逐渐减小至符合规范后停止；
    处理工作坑，完成纠倾。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的建筑物托换基础旋转移位纠倾方法，其特征在于，工作坑为环形工作坑，直径大于建筑物对角线的长度，使得所有独立基础均在工作坑范围内，工作坑的最深处达到沉降最大独立基础底面位置为标高。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的建筑物托换基础旋转移位纠倾方法，其特征在于，轨道基础对应空间曲面的球心位于建筑物平面形心的正上方，独立基础均被浇注在轨道基础内。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的建筑物托换基础旋转移位纠倾方法，其特征在于，轨道基础对应建筑物沉降量小的一侧，轨道基础延伸至独立基础外边沿；对应建筑物沉降量大的一侧，轨道基础延伸至独立基础外且增加旋转移位的弧长距离。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的建筑物托换基础旋转移位纠倾方法，其特征在于，在建筑物的纵向框架柱或横向框架柱的两侧浇注托换梁，托换梁通过预先植入框架柱内的钢筋与框架柱相连，并从两侧夹住框架柱。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的建筑物托换基础旋转移位纠倾方法，其特征在于，托换梁与框架柱垂直布置，托换梁的梁底标高大于最外侧框架柱与旋转移位轨道交点的标高。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的建筑物托换基础旋转移位纠倾方法，其特征在于，沿托换梁的布置方向分段浇注托换基础，托换基础采用与曲面移位轨道相适应的板件作为底部模板，形成碗型托换基础，碗型托换基础通过托换梁连接框架柱。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的建筑物托换基础旋转移位纠倾方法，其特征在于，在切断框架柱与独立基础的连接后，施工框架柱位置的轨道基础和移位轨道，形成完整的三维空间曲面结构的旋转移位轨道，填充施工空隙，形成完整的碗型托换基础。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的建筑物托换基础旋转移位纠倾方法，其特征在于，托换基础带动建筑物沿移位轨道运动的过程中，其最高点位置沿环向转动的同时逐渐下降，最低点位置沿环向转动的同时逐渐上升，使托换基础顶面趋于水平，建筑物倾斜率逐渐减小至满足需求。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的建筑物托换基础旋转移位纠倾方法，其特征在于，在纠倾后的托换基础顶面施工楼地面，回填工作坑土方，恢复建筑物使用功能。
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