WO2022027274A1 - 便携式无需光电传感器的光电和光热一体化追踪系统 - Google Patents

便携式无需光电传感器的光电和光热一体化追踪系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022027274A1
WO2022027274A1 PCT/CN2020/106955 CN2020106955W WO2022027274A1 WO 2022027274 A1 WO2022027274 A1 WO 2022027274A1 CN 2020106955 W CN2020106955 W CN 2020106955W WO 2022027274 A1 WO2022027274 A1 WO 2022027274A1
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Prior art keywords
box
angle
photovoltaic panel
female
fixed
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Application number
PCT/CN2020/106955
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李�杰
Original Assignee
李�杰
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Publication date
Application filed by 李�杰 filed Critical 李�杰
Priority to PCT/CN2020/106955 priority Critical patent/WO2022027274A1/zh
Publication of WO2022027274A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022027274A1/zh

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24SSOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/30Solar heat collectors for heating objects, e.g. solar cookers or solar furnaces
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24SSOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S50/00Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
    • F24S50/20Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors for tracking
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02SGENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/30Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
    • H02S20/32Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment specially adapted for solar tracking
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/47Mountings or tracking
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of new energy, in particular to a portable photoelectric and photothermal integrated tracking system that does not require a photoelectric sensor.
  • the photoelectric and photothermal devices in the portable market do not have the function of tracking the sun, resulting in low power generation and heat collection efficiency, which affects their application in the market.
  • the inductive tracking technology can track the sun, its cost is high and bulky. Therefore, it is difficult to adapt to the needs of outdoor activities.
  • the outdoor market lacks the integration of photoelectric and photothermal systems. Therefore, it is difficult to effectively improve the photoelectric conversion rate in the short term, so that portable photoelectric and photothermal devices can not only track It has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently in the optoelectronic and solar thermal industries.
  • the photoelectric and photothermal devices on the portable market do not have the function of tracking the sun, resulting in low power generation and heat collection efficiency, affecting their application in the market, so that the portable photoelectric and photothermal devices can not only track the sun, but also have practical Value has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently for the optoelectronic and solar thermal industries.
  • the present invention solves the above technical problems by providing a portable photoelectric and photothermal integrated tracking system that does not require a photoelectric sensor.
  • Portable photoelectric and photothermal integrated tracking system without photoelectric sensor including solar angle controller, solar cell, heat collecting device, turntable, tray, bracket, driving device, battery, box, solar cell of the photovoltaic panel type
  • the photovoltaic panel is installed in the box when it is stored, and the system is divided into two different modes of 1-dimensional or 2-dimensional tracking. According to the different combinations of the turntable and the tray or bracket, the photovoltaic panel can be installed in the box or in the box when generating electricity.
  • the first type of 1-latitude or 2-latitude tracking mode is carried out separately, using a combination of turntables and trays, the number of turntables and trays is 1, the second type of 1-latitude and 2
  • the mode of latitude tracking is carried out at the same time, which is an integrated mode. It adopts a combination of a turntable and a bracket. The number of the turntable and the bracket is 1 and S, respectively.
  • the first type of photovoltaic panels in the 2-dimensional tracking mode It is installed in two boxes horizontally. A beam is installed at each end of the box to fasten above the photovoltaic panels. The photovoltaic panels are connected in series or in parallel to charge the battery. A splitter plate with universal wheels and air resistance is installed.
  • the splitter plate is only required when the box is bracketed on the luggage rack.
  • the splitter plate is installed on the end of the box facing the front of the car, and on the inner side of the two boxes at the end of the splitter plate.
  • the upper and lower parts are respectively fixed with a beam, the beam is provided with bolt holes, and the bolts are used to fix the shunt plate.
  • the keel is a kind of support frame, and its shape is the same as that of the shunt plate, and it is also an arch, which includes longitudinal beams and cross beams, and the raised part in the middle of the keel is fixed on the box body through the support rod bolts.
  • a hinge and a bracket with a hole are installed at the junction between them, with the middle of the junction as the center, and Q nuts or bolts are installed at the bottom of the two boxes according to the shape of a polygon or circle, and the movable installation sub Female buckles or nuts, W pieces of female and female buckles are fixedly installed on the beam on one side of the inner bottom of each box, the corresponding other side is installed with a driving device, and the other two sides are installed with L-shaped member brackets.
  • the female-female buckle refers to a combination composed of two different pipes with convex or concave ends respectively. The concave ends are called female buckles, which are convex.
  • the convex type has an interface
  • the concave type has a spring fastener
  • the two tubes of the sub-button have the same polygon or circular section, of which the larger section is called the mother.
  • Buttons with small cross-section are called sub-buttons.
  • the structures of the two are the same as those of the concave-convex type.
  • the hollow tube is inserted into the drive device and fixed by bolts, and the other is an indirect connection through a triangular bracket.
  • the triangular bracket is composed of two vertical beams and one T-shaped beam. Both ends of the vertical beam are hinged to the inner side of the box bottom respectively. It is hingedly connected with the photovoltaic panel through the chute.
  • the chute is a beam installed at the bottom of the photovoltaic panel.
  • the cross-section is one wide and one narrow, and the tops are hinged to connect a polygonal or circular fastener.
  • the vertical beam with narrow cross-section passes through the wide cross-section vertical beam with an opening on the inside, and crosses each other to form a triangular shape.
  • the fastener at the top of the beam is fastened in the chute, the bottom end of the T-shaped beam is inserted into the driving device and fixed with bolts, and the two ends of the fastener with a polygon or circle on the top are respectively fastened in the hook grooves of the two vertical beams.
  • the driving device moves up and down along the hook groove, it drives the two vertical beams up and down, and the top fastener slides back and forth in the chute, thereby pushing the tripod and the photovoltaic panel to rise or fall.
  • the driving device is an intelligent electric column that can be lifted and lowered. Its column body is mainly composed of a polygonal or circular nut, a threaded shaft, and a hollow tube. The hollow tube is fixed on the nut to form an integral body.
  • the turntable is an intelligent electric column. Its column is mainly composed of a shaft and a hollow tube.
  • the hollow tube is fixed on the shaft and rotates with the shaft and cannot move up and down.
  • the tray is divided into polygonal or circular or cross type.
  • the polygonal or circular tray is a polygonal or circular tray movably installed with N feet and Q support rods, and there are N female and female buckles around the edge of the tray.
  • a polygonal or circular nut is fixedly installed in the center of the bottom end of the tray, the hollow tube movably installed on the nut is connected with the hollow tube of the turntable, and the female and female buckles at the top or bottom of each foot or support rod are connected to the edge of the tray
  • the bottom of the foot is a movable mounting universal wheel, and the top of the support rod is connected with the Q-pieces at the bottom of the box or fixed on the bolts with nuts.
  • the cross-shaped tray is composed of two T-shaped pillars with different diameters of the hollow tubes at the bottom.
  • Screw holes or female and female buckles after the two T-shaped pillars are movably connected by bolts or female and female buckles, they are inserted into or sleeved in the turntable or fixed at the top with bolts or female and female buckles.
  • the two boxes The frame is fixed on the cross-shaped tray with bolts or female buckles, the bottom of the turntable is movably fixed on the backing plate, and the backing plate is fixed on the ground by ground bolts or inverted U-shaped components. It is the same as the above-mentioned one with driving device 2 latitude tracking. The difference is that there is no hinge device and driving device in each box. Instead, a driving combination is added.
  • the driving combination is mainly composed of pipes.
  • the runner is connected to the shaft of the tubular motor and fixed inside the hollow tube.
  • the tubular motor is placed in the hollow tube and fixed on the box wall through the motor seat.
  • the other end of the hollow tube is tightened
  • the fixing member is fixed on the box wall, and the photovoltaic panel is directly fixed on the hollow tube and rotates with the rotation of the hollow tube.
  • the tracking is the same, except that there is no driving device and triangular bracket.
  • a support rod is installed at the vertical beam of the triangular bracket. One end of the support rod is hinged to the bottom of the box, and the other end is movable. When working, it is fastened to the bottom of the photovoltaic panel. Support the photovoltaic panel and the bottom of the box to form an inclined state.
  • the second type of box has only the bracket of the L-shaped member inside, the photovoltaic panel is placed on the bracket, and a beam is movably installed at each end of the box to fasten the photovoltaic panel.
  • each bracket in the combination is mainly composed of a hollow tube, a base, a polygonal or circular disk, and the base is a polygonal or circular cylinder with a circular interface in the center and installed around it.
  • each foot is connected with a universal wheel
  • the top of the hollow tube is connected to a polygonal or circular disk
  • the lower end is inserted into the interface of the base to be movably fixed on the base, and the edge of the polygonal or circular disk
  • the circular hole is movably connected with the hollow pipe thread.
  • Each bracket is movably connected with the turntable.
  • the photovoltaic panel is installed on the top of the turntable through the hinge device, and a female-female buckle is fixed at the bottom of the photovoltaic panel. It is connected with the female and female buckles of the hinge device as a whole, and a driving device, one end of which is connected to the end of the bottom of the photovoltaic panel, and the other end is fixed on the turntable. Its driving will be carried out by the combination of the motor and the mechanical transmission mechanism in the intelligent electric column, thus forming a photovoltaic power generation system with 2-dimensional tracking; the second type of 1-dimensional tracking system is without a driving device.
  • tracking mode the photovoltaic panel is installed between the turntable and a bracket.
  • the photothermal system is a solar furnace.
  • the solar furnace is divided into multi-tube and single-tube.
  • the multi-tube type refers to the solar furnace formed by R vacuum heat collectors installed in a box
  • the multi-tube type solar furnace the bottom of the box and the inner side of the wall are all panels coated with reflective materials
  • the bottom surface of the box bottom is installed with a mother-in-law buckle or a hollow tube
  • an n-type or h-type bracket is fixed on the inner four corners of the box bottom respectively.
  • layer the lower layer is fixed on the bracket
  • the movable installation of the upper layer is called the cover
  • the upper and lower layers are connected by hinges
  • the bottom of the box wall is hinged
  • the box wall is divided into upper and lower sections, and the two sections are connected by hinges.
  • the lower section is a quadrilateral whose height is the sum of the heights of the bracket and the lattice-shaped box. After the wall is opened, it is supported by a rod, and the two ends of the rod are respectively connected to the upper section of the box wall and the lattice-shaped box, so that the box wall and the bottom of the box form an inclined state.
  • a plurality of vacuum collector tubes are fixed on a polygonal or circular lattice in the box.
  • the single-tube solar furnace is divided into two different types: square and rectangle.
  • the shape of the vacuum collector tubes of the square solar furnace is The shape of the square and rectangular solar furnace vacuum heat collectors is round.
  • the vacuum heat collectors of the square solar furnace are installed in a box.
  • the structure and installation method of the bottom and the wall of the box are the same as the above-mentioned multi-tube type.
  • the square lattice-shaped box in the box is fixed on the above-mentioned bracket, the cover of the box is installed on the side, one end of which is hingedly connected to the box wall through a hinge, and the other end is fastened to the box wall through a buckle.
  • the material is stainless steel or aluminum alloy, which is a polygonal or circular box without a cover with a frame, a circular interface on the side, a thread in the interface, a movable connection handle, and a movable inner tank. It is placed in a square vacuum heat collector tube.
  • the rectangular solar furnace includes a collector mirror, a polygonal or circular vacuum heat collector hollow tube, and the collector mirror is a plate coated with a reflective material.
  • the mirror surface has There are two types of flat type and parabolic type. The two pieces are spliced together to form a triangular or parabolic light collecting mirror. Each type of mirror has N pieces. In the skeleton of each piece, there are X skeletons protruding from the light collecting mirror. Outside the edge, its end has a threaded structure, and the positions of the X skeletons in the corresponding two light-collecting mirrors are staggered.
  • a pipe beam with a polygonal cross-section has 2X holes through each side, and the upper and lower through There are M holes, and each movable thread of the X skeleton is connected with a hollow tube.
  • the hollow tube is fixed to the pipe beam in two ways: bolted or non-bolted, and the back end of the hollow tube is bolted or non-bolted.
  • the front end is provided with a round hole or an elastic fastener.
  • the distance between the fixed member and the round hole or elastic fastener is the same as the width of the tube beam.
  • the M brackets of a vacuum heat collector hollow tube are Y-shaped, and the structure of the hollow tube at the bottom is And the way of fixing with the tube beam is the same as the hollow tube of the X frame, but the distance between the fixing member and the round hole or elastic fastener is the same as the thickness of the tube beam, and the hollow tube of the bracket is inserted into the M holes on the surface of the tube beam After the inside, bolts or elastic fasteners are fixed on the bottom of the tube beam, the vacuum heat collector is mounted on the top of the M brackets and fastened to the brackets, an inner tube is inserted inside the collector tube, and the tube is divided into multiple grids.
  • the two ends of the beam are movably installed with female and female buckles or hollow tubes. The installation method of solar furnaces.
  • the female and female buckles or hollow tubes of various types of solar furnaces are connected with the solar panels on the frame of the photovoltaic panel.
  • the female buckle or L-shaped hollow tube is connected, and the solar furnace is parallel to the photovoltaic panel; in the second type of integrated tracking mode, the female and female buckles of various types of solar furnaces are connected with the polygonal or circular disks.
  • the buckle or interface is fixedly connected and placed on the bracket horizontally.
  • the angle adjustment of the photovoltaic power generation system or the photovoltaic and photothermal integrated tracking system is to adjust the angle of the photovoltaic panel or box.
  • the angle controller is used for control.
  • the solar angle controller is an intelligent control device that uses time to control the angle of the photovoltaic panel or the box to change. It mainly includes a main chip, an angle sensor, GPS satellite positioning or electronic Compass, clock chip, bluetooth, motor-driven module, the main chip reads the real-time clock and angle values, and controls the change of the angle of the photovoltaic panel or the box according to different time periods.
  • the clock chip is powered on after the solar angle controller is powered on. , will automatically use GPS or Bluetooth to calibrate the time.
  • the working principle of photovoltaic panel or box angle adjustment is that the solar angle controller is installed on the same horizontal plane as the photovoltaic panel or box.
  • the controller Through GPS satellite positioning or electronic compass positioning, receiving a signal for adjusting the angle, the angle detection module is rotated by controlling the motor control module, so that the photovoltaic panel or box can complete the horizontal or tilting action.
  • the intelligent The electric column will complete the horizontal or extending or retracting movement with the rotation of the motor, and push the photovoltaic panel or box to rotate to the predetermined position.
  • the controller judges whether the photovoltaic panel or the box has rotated to a predetermined angle according to this input, and controls the control module of the motor accordingly, thereby completing the adjustment of the angle once.
  • the newly adjusted angle value is ⁇ -J* ⁇ /F in the morning period; the inclination angle is fixed in the noon period, and is ⁇ + ⁇ /F in the afternoon period.
  • the corresponding analog voltage value or adjustment time is input into the storage module of the controller in advance.
  • the specific implementation is that when the angle sensor is in the horizontal position and the angle is 0°, the output terminal Vo outputs an analog voltage of A volt, When the angle sensor and the horizontal plane form the angle value ⁇ of the maximum inclination angle, the analog voltage of B volts is output at this time.
  • the voltage output by the output terminal Vo will be The analog voltage signal that changes from A volt to B volt or B volt to A volt accordingly, so by measuring the magnitude of the voltage at the output terminal Vo of the angle sensor, the angle between the photovoltaic panel and the horizontal plane can be determined.
  • the components of the device are composed of a bottom plate and a polygonal vertical plate of C block. One end of the vertical plate with an arc has a hole, and the other end is welded and fixed on the bottom plate.
  • the components of the hinge device, C 1 or 2 When C > 2, it is a movable or bolted fixed connection, and when C > 2, it is a hinged connection to form a hinged device.
  • the angle controller controls it to rotate eastward or westward according to the signal output by the GPS or electronic compass module.
  • the adjustment of the inclination is the input method, and the input method is the inclination angle that needs to be adjusted calculated by the arithmetic average method of the maximum inclination angle.
  • the angle value is pre-input into the storage module of the controller together with the corresponding adjustment time.
  • the arithmetic mean method of the maximum inclination angle is the maximum inclination angle that can be formed by the photovoltaic panel in the morning and afternoon period, according to the adjustment times.
  • the arithmetic average method is characterized in that: the time counting is three or more times in a day, the adjustment time period of the 2-dimensional tracking is divided into three time periods of morning, noon and afternoon, three times of adjustment in one day, photovoltaic In the morning period, the board faces east and has the largest inclination angle. In the noon period, it is horizontal; in the afternoon period, it faces west and has the largest inclination angle.
  • the multiple adjustment refers to the two periods of morning or afternoon , the azimuth angle is adjusted every E minutes, the inclination angle is adjusted F times within E minutes, the angle value of the maximum inclination angle ⁇ of the photovoltaic panel in the input method is divided into F times by arithmetic average, and the angle value of each adjustment is ⁇ /F, the orientation of the photovoltaic panels in the three time periods is the same as that of the three adjustments within 1 day, in the morning period, the angle value of each new adjustment is ⁇ -J* ⁇ /F, J is an integer number series value , the minimum value is 1, and the maximum value is F; in the afternoon period, the newly adjusted angle value is ⁇ + ⁇ /F, and ⁇ is the angle value at the previous moment of adjustment.
  • the 1-dimensional tracking solar angle controller without driving device is installed horizontally at the bottom of the box.
  • the inclination angle is fixed.
  • the angle adjustment of the 2-dimensional tracking mode is mainly performed.
  • the portable photoelectric and photothermal integrated tracking system of the present invention does not need a photoelectric sensor, and solves the technical problems of difficulty in eating and using electricity in the state of no open fire and no electricity.
  • Fig. 1 is the plan top view of the first type of the combination of turntable and tray: symbol is 1 photovoltaic panel, symbol 2 is box body, symbol 3 is hinge device, symbol 4 is chute, symbol 5 is support, symbol 6 is turntable, The symbol 7 is a polygonal or circular tray, the symbol 8 is the foot of the tray, the symbol 9 is the support rod of the box, and the symbol 10 is the accumulator;
  • Figure 2 is the front view of the first type of combination of the turntable and the tray: the symbol 11 is the drive Device, the symbol 12 is the beam in the triangular bracket, the symbol 13 is the vertical beam in the triangular bracket, the symbol 14 is the snap button or the bolt, the symbol 15 is the bracket with holes and the latch, and the symbol 16 is the snap button or Interface, symbol 17 is a universal wheel;
  • Figure 3 is a plan top view when the multi-tube solar furnace is accommodated: symbol 18 is a trapezoidal box wall on the upper layer, and symbol 19 is a triangular box wall on the upper layer;
  • the symbol 24 is the support rod of the box wall, the symbol 25 is the bottom layer of the box on the fixed bracket, and the symbol 26 is the bracket;
  • Figure 6 is the front view of the second type of combination of the turntable and the bracket: the symbol 1 is the photovoltaic panel , the symbol 27 is the hollow tube at the bottom of the photovoltaic panel, the symbol 28 is the driving device, the symbol 29 is the hinged device formed by two T-shaped hollow tubes, the symbol 30 is the two T-shaped hollow tubes of the hinged device, and the symbol 31 is the intelligent electric column , the symbol 32 is a triangular bracket, the symbol 33 is a solar furnace, the symbol 34 is a polygonal or circular disk on the bracket, the symbol 35 is the hollow tube of the bracket, the symbol 36 is the base of the hollow tube, and the symbol 37 is the bracket Feet, the symbol 38 is the beam connecting the intelligent electric column and the bracket, and the symbol 39 is the universal wheel.
  • the symbol 1 is the photovoltaic panel
  • the symbol 27 is the hollow tube at
  • FIG. 1 and 2 it is the first type of 2-latitude tracking mode combined with a turntable and a tray.
  • the box When the box needs to be installed on the roof rack for charging, the box is opened and fixed on a bracket horizontally. The end facing the front of the car is installed with a split plate with air resistance, and the bracket is then fixed on the luggage rack on the roof. After arriving at the outdoor activity venue, the two boxes 2 are combined and the universal wheel is installed to form a suitcase with a password. After dragging to the installation site, reopen the box 2, and use the latch to fasten the two brackets 15 at the bottom as In one piece, support rods are installed on both sides of each box. One end of the rod is hinged on one side of the hinge device, and the other end is movable.
  • the top fastener of the vertical beam is taken out from the chute 4, and the photovoltaic panel 1 is supported by the support rod. Take out the installation accessories such as the turntable and the tray from the storage boxes in the two boxes, then fasten the fasteners in the chute 4, fix the turntable 6 on the ground, and insert or set the polygonal or circular tray 7 on the turntable. 6. Fix the top with bolts, and fix the top of the N feet 8 and the bottom end of the W support rod 9 with the socket 16 of the tray or the socket directly inserted into the tray, and then connect the socket 14 to the two sockets.
  • the female and female buckles at the top of the support rod 9 are fixedly connected with the female and female buckles 14 or the top of the support rod 9 is fixedly connected with the bolts 14, thereby forming a 2-dimensional photovoltaic power generation sun tracking system.
  • FIG. 6 it is the second type of 1-latitude and 2-latitude tracking integration mode of the turntable and bracket combination.
  • One end of the T-shaped hollow tube 30 is connected to the hollow tube 27 of the photovoltaic panel 1, and the other is inserted into the intelligent electric column 31 for fixed connection.
  • One end of the driving device 28 is connected to the bottom of the photovoltaic panel 1, and the other end is fixed on the intelligent
  • the electric column 31 rotates along with it.
  • S brackets one is installed with the photovoltaic panel 1, and the rest are installed horizontally with the solar furnace 33.
  • One end of the photovoltaic panel 1 is connected to the triangular bracket 32 on the intelligent electric column 31, and the other end is fixed.
  • the hollow tube 35 on the bracket is fixedly connected with the intelligent electric column 31 through the beam 38, the lower end of the hollow tube 35 of the bracket is inserted into the base 36 and fixed, and the base 36 has multiple feet 37, A gimbal wheel 39 is mounted on each foot, thereby forming an integrated system of 2-latitude and 1-latitude tracking.
  • the adjustment of the angle is three or more times in a day.
  • the adjustment time period of the 2-dimensional tracking is divided into three periods: morning, noon, and afternoon. Three adjustments in one day, photovoltaic panels, in the morning period, facing east , the inclination angle is the largest, in the noon period, it is horizontal; in the afternoon period, it faces west, and the inclination angle is the largest.
  • the orientation of the board is the same as the three adjustments within 1 day.
  • the system In the solar tracking system of 2-dimensional photovoltaic power generation, turn on the power switch on the box, and the system will automatically return to the state it should be in at that time.
  • the system first adjusts the azimuth of the box 2.
  • the azimuth is determined by the non-calculating electronic compass module method.
  • the solar angle controller will obtain the azimuth of the sun facing east or west according to the signal output by the electronic compass module.
  • the rotation of the turntable 6 is controlled by the solar angle controller, thereby driving the tray 7 at the top to rotate while driving the universal wheel 17 and the box body 2 to rotate, so that the box body 2 rotates to a predetermined azimuth, and after the azimuth angle is adjusted in place,
  • the solar angle controller activates the drive device 11 to adjust the inclination of the photovoltaic panel 1 .
  • the specific adjustment method please refer to paragraph 0012.
  • the angle of the photovoltaic panel 1 is adjusted according to the above paragraphs 0012 ⁇ 0013, and the angle of the solar furnace is also adjusted at the same time.
  • the solar furnace is no longer in use, just remove it. It is restored to the photoelectric system. After the power is turned off when it is stopped, the system returns to the horizontal state.
  • the hollow tube at the top of the photovoltaic panel frame is inserted into the support rod of the LED light, and the tablecloth is covered to become a picnic table.
  • the adjustment of the angle of photovoltaic panel 1 refers to paragraphs 0012 ⁇ 0014. After it stops working, turn off the power switch, and the photovoltaic panel returns to a horizontal state. Remove the photovoltaic panel and solar furnace on the bracket, and the photovoltaic panel of the smart electric column turns into a picnic table.
  • the above-mentioned photovoltaic power generation systems tracked by latitude 1 and latitude 2 can also be assembled in the home yard to generate electricity at ordinary times, saving electricity costs.
  • the portable photoelectric and photothermal integrated tracking system without photoelectric sensor provided by the invention provides tracking technology without photoelectric sensor at 1 latitude or 2 latitude, and solves the technical problems of difficulty in eating and basic electricity consumption in life without open fire and electricity .
  • the portable photoelectric system and the solar furnace all adopt the fixed bracket mode, which not only has no function of chasing the sun, but also cannot integrate the photoelectric system and the photothermal system.
  • the portable non-inductive tracking photoelectric and photothermal system provided by the present invention The integrated system can not only track the sun in 1 latitude or 2 dimensions, but more importantly, integrate photoelectricity and light heat in the suitcase of outdoor sports equipment. While the solar furnace is working, the photoelectric system can directly supply power to the battery.
  • the present invention increases the power generation and heat collection efficiency by about 60% on average compared with the photovoltaic and photothermal systems without the sun-following function, and the present invention has good economic and ecological benefits.

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Abstract

一种便携式无需光电传感器的光电和光热一体化追踪系统,包括转盘(6)、箱体(2)、托盘(7)、托架,根据转盘(6)和托盘(7)或托架的不同组合体,用户外出活动装备的旅行箱(2)把光电和光热集合为一体,构建成一个1维度或2维度追踪的光电和光热系统,解决了感应式追踪技术追日成本高、体积大因而很难适应于户外活动的需求以及缺少光电和光热系统一体化技术难题;该光电和光热一体化追踪系统发电及集热效率平均多增加了60%左右。

Description

便携式无需光电传感器的光电和光热一体化追踪系统 技术领域
本发明涉及新能源领域,具体为便携式无需光电传感器的光电和光热一体化追踪系统。
背景技术
目前便携式市场上的光电和光热装置由于都不具有追日功能,导致发电及集热效率的低下,影响到其在市场上的应用,而感应式追踪技术虽然能够追日,但其成本高体积大因而很难适应于户外活动的需求,户外市场上更是缺少光电和光热系统一体化的技术,所以在光电转化率短期内难于有效提高的当下,让便携式光电和光热装置不仅能够追日而且具有实用性和一体化性,就成为光电和光热行业所遇到的一个亟待解决的技术难题。
技术问题
目前便携式市场上的光电和光热装置都不具有追日功能,导致发电及集热效率的低下,影响到其在市场上的应用,让便携式光电和光热装置不仅能够追日而且又要具有实用价值,就成为光电和光热行业所遇到的一个亟待解决的技术难题。
技术解决方案
针对上述缺陷,本发明通过提供便携式无需光电传感器的光电和光热一体化追踪系统,使得上述的技术难题得到了解决。
为实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案为如下。
便携式无需光电传感器的光电和光热一体化追踪系统,包含太阳能角度控制器、太阳能电池、集热装置、转盘、托盘、托架、驱动装置、蓄电池、箱子,所述光伏板类型的太阳能电池,收纳时光伏板安装在箱子内,系统分为1维度或2维度追踪的两种不同的模式,根据转盘和托盘或托架的不同组合,光伏板发电时其分为安装在箱子内或在箱子外的两种不同类型,第一种类型的1纬度或2纬度追踪的模式是分别进行,采用转盘和托盘的组合,转盘和托盘的数量都为1个,第二种类型的1纬度和2纬度追踪的模式是同时进行,是一体化的模式,采用转盘和托架的组合,转盘和托架的数量分别为1个和S个,所述第一种类型的2维度追踪模式的光伏板是水平状安装在两个箱子内,箱子两端各活动式的安装有一根梁扣紧在光伏板的上方,光伏板串联或并联为蓄电池充电,箱子上安装有电源接口、开关,活动式的安装有万向轮、空气阻力的分流板,分流板是把箱子托架在行李架上时才需安装,分流板安装在朝向车头的箱体一端,在安装分流板一端的两个箱子的内侧,上下部分分别固定安装有一根横梁,横梁上开有螺栓孔,螺栓固定分流板,所述分流板为拱形状,中间高两端低,截面为带弧形的多边形,分流板固定在箱体或龙骨上,所述龙骨是一种支撑架,其形状与分流板相同也为拱形,其包含纵梁和横梁,龙骨中部凸起部分是通过支撑杆螺栓固定在箱体上,两个箱子之间的交接处安装有合页和带有孔洞的支架,以交接处中部为中心,两个箱子底部按多边形或圆形的形状相对应的安装有Q个螺母或螺栓,活动式的安装子母扣或螺母,在每个箱子内侧底部一边的横梁上固定安装有W个子母扣,与其相对应的另一边安装有驱动装置,其余两侧安装有L型构件的支架,一种顶端带有铰接装置构件或圆环构件的T型空心管,两根为一组进行铰接或轴连接形成一个铰接装置,共有W个铰接装置,铰接装置的T型空心管是子母扣,光伏板底部一端安装有子母扣,铰接装置上的子母扣,下端的与箱底的、上端的与光伏板的分别连接形成为一体,光伏板两侧边框上安装有子母扣或L型空心管,活动式连接子母扣,所述子母扣,是指由端头分别带有凸型或凹形的不同的两根管所构成的组合体,端头为凹型的称为母扣,为凸型的称为子扣,凸型上开有接口,凹型内有弹簧扣件,外面有按钮,或者子母扣的两根管是具有相同的多边形或圆形的截面,其中截面大的称为母扣,截面小的称为子扣,两者的结构分别与凹凸型的相同,子母扣连接时,子扣插入母扣时,弹簧扣件扣在子扣的接口内把两者连为一体,按住按钮则子母扣分开,光伏板另一端与驱动装置相连,连接的方式有两种,一种是与其直接连接,光伏板的空心管插入驱动装置内螺栓固定,另一种是通过一个三角形支架的间接连接,所述三角形支架由2根竖梁和1根T型横梁所构成,竖梁两端分别与箱底内侧铰接,和光伏板通过滑槽进行铰接连接,所述滑槽是安装在光伏板底部的横梁,截面为凹型,其两侧边缘都带有钩槽,两根竖梁的截面和形状都与滑槽的相同,截面1根宽1根窄,顶端都铰接连接一个多边形或圆形的扣件,截面窄的竖梁穿过内侧有开口的截面宽的竖梁内,彼此之间交叉形成三角形状,竖梁顶端的扣件扣在滑槽内,T型横梁的底端插入驱动装置内螺栓固定,其顶部带有多边形或圆形的扣件两端分别扣在两根竖梁的钩槽内,随着驱动装置的升降而沿着钩槽上下移动的同时,带动两根竖梁上下起伏,顶端的扣件在滑槽内左右来回滑动,由此推动三角架以及光伏板的升起或降落,所述驱动装置是一种可升降的智能电动柱,其柱体主要由多边形或圆形的螺母、带有螺纹的轴、空心管所构成,空心管固定在螺母上形成一体,螺母沿着轴上下移动,所述转盘是一根智能电动柱,其柱体主要由轴、空心管所构成,空心管固定在轴上随轴一起旋转而不能上下移动,在所述有驱动装置2纬度追踪当中的托盘分为多边形或圆形或十字型,所述多边形或圆形的托盘是活动式安装有N个脚和Q根支撑杆的多边形或圆形的托盘,托盘边缘的周边有N个子母扣或接口,托盘底端中心固定安装有个多边形或圆形的螺母,活动式安装在螺母上的空心管与转盘的空心管连接,每个脚或支撑杆的顶端或底端的子母扣与托盘边缘的子母扣连接或直接插入托盘的接口螺栓连接,脚的底部是活动式的安装万向轮,支撑杆顶端的子母扣与箱底的Q个子母扣连接或采用螺母固定在螺栓上,托盘随同转盘旋转的同时,其N个脚将绕着转盘做圆周运动;所述十字型托盘,是由底部空心管直径不同的两根T型支柱所构成,每根T型支柱的两端安装有螺丝孔或子母扣,两根T型支柱通过螺栓或子母扣活动式的连接为一体后,插入或套在转盘内或顶端螺栓或子母扣固定,随着转盘同时转动,两个箱子架在十字型托盘上螺栓或子母扣固定,转盘底部活动式的固定在垫板上,垫板采用地栓或倒U型构件固定在地面上,所述无驱动装置2纬度追踪,其结构与上述有驱动装置2纬度追踪的相同,区别在于每个箱子内无铰接装置和驱动装置,取而代之的是增加了驱动组合,驱动组合主要由管状电机、转轮、空心管所构成,转轮连接在管状电机的转轴上并固定于空心管内侧,管状电机安放在空心管内,通过电机座固定于箱壁上,空心管的另一端通过紧固构件固定于箱壁上,光伏板是直接固定在空心管上随着空心管的旋转而转动,所述第一种类型的1维度追踪的光伏发电系统的结构与上述同一类型中的2维度追踪的相同,只是没有驱动装置和三角形支架,在三角形支架的竖梁处分别安装一根支撑杆,支撑杆一端与箱底铰接连接,另一端是活动,工作时将其扣在光伏板的底部,撑起光伏板与箱底形成倾斜状态,所述第二种类型的箱子内侧只有L型构件的支架,光伏板托放在支架上,箱子两端各活动式的安装有一根梁扣紧在光伏板的上方,组合中的每个托架主要由空心管、基座、多边形或圆形的盘所构成,基座是一个多边形或圆形的柱体,其中心有个圆形的接口,四周安装有K个脚,每个脚都连接有万向轮,空心管顶端连接多边形或圆形的盘,下端插入基座的接口内活动式地固定在基座上,多边形或圆形的盘的边缘四周安装有子母扣或接口,底部中心处有个内侧带有螺纹的圆孔,圆孔活动式地与空心管螺纹连接,每个托架上与转盘间活动式连接有一根横梁,托架随着转盘的转动,绕转盘做圆规运动,在第二种类型当中的2维度追踪模式中,光伏板是通过所述的铰接装置安装在转盘的顶端,光伏板底部固定安装一个子母扣,与铰接装置的子母扣连接为一体,一根驱动装置,其一端连接在光伏板底部的端部,另一端固定在转盘上,上述的智能电动柱的柱体都是固定在机座上,其的驱动将采用智能电动柱内的电机和机械传动机构的组合体来进行,由此构成一个2维度追踪的光伏发电系统;所述第二种类型的1维度追踪系统,是无驱动装置的追踪模式,光伏板是安装在转盘和一个托架之间,光伏板一端活动式的固定在托架的多边形或圆盘上,另一端通过一个三角形支架活动式的固定在转盘上,在上述的追踪系统上再加装上集热装置,就变成为一个光电和光热的一体化追踪系统,所述的光热系统是一种太阳能炉,所述太阳能炉,其分为多管和单管两种不同类型,多管型的是指R根真空集热管,安装在一个箱子内所形成的太阳能炉,所述多管型太阳能炉,箱底和壁的内侧都是涂有反光材料的板,箱底的底面安装有子母扣或空心管,箱底的内侧四个角上分别固定安装一个n型或h型的支架,盒子内分隔成多个多边形或圆形的格子,盒子分为上下两层,下层固定在支架上,上层活动式安装称为盖子,上下层采用合页连接,箱壁的底部是铰接在箱底上,箱壁分为上下两段,两段之间采用合页连接,下段为四边形、其高度是支架和格子状盒子的高度之和,上段是梯形或梯形和三角形的组合体,箱壁打开后由杆支撑,杆的两端分别连接在箱壁的上段以及格子状的盒子上,使得箱壁与箱底形成倾斜的状态,有盖子的内胆是活动式安放于真空集热管内,多根真空集热管架在盒子内的多边形或圆形的格子上固定,所述单管型太阳能炉,其分为四方形和长方形两种不同的类型,四方形太阳能炉真空集热管的形状为四方形,长方形太阳能炉真空集热管的形状为圆形,所述四方形太阳能炉的真空集热管是安装在一个箱子的盒子内,箱底和箱壁的结构及安装方式都与上述多管型的相同,箱子内四方形格子状的盒子固定在上述的支架上,盒子的盖子是安装在侧面,其一端通过合页与盒子壁铰接连接,另一端通过卡扣扣紧在盒子壁上,内胆的材质为不锈钢或铝合金,其为多边形或圆形的带有边框的无盖的盒子,其侧边有个圆形的接口,接口内带有螺纹,活动式连接把手,内胆是活动式的安放于四方形真空集热管内,所述长方形的太阳能炉,其包含有集光镜、多边形或圆形的真空集热空心管,所述集光镜是涂有反光材料的板,镜面有平板型和抛物线型两种,两块拼接合为一体形成一块三角形或抛物面形的集光镜,每种类型的镜面有N块,每块的骨架中,有X根骨架凸出于集光镜边缘外,其端头带有螺纹结构,相对应两块集光镜中的X根骨架位置是相错的,一根截面为多边形的管梁,两侧各贯穿有2X个孔,上下面贯穿有M个孔,所述X根骨架每根活动式螺纹连接有空心管,空心管固定在管梁的方式有螺栓固定或非螺栓固定两种,螺栓固定或非螺栓固定方式的空心管后端带有固定构件,前端带有圆孔或弹性扣件,固定构件与圆孔或弹性扣件之间的间距与管梁的宽度相同,两块集光镜拼接时,两种不同固定方式的空心管是分别插入管梁每侧的2X个孔后,螺栓固定或弹性扣件固定在管梁的两侧上,一根真空集热空心管的M个支架为Y型,其底部空心管的结构以及与管梁固定的方式与X根骨架的空心管相同,但固定构件与圆孔或弹性扣件之间的间距是与管梁的厚度相同,支架空心管插入管梁面上的M个孔内后,螺栓固定或弹性扣件固定在管梁底部上,真空集热管架在M个支架的顶端,扣紧在支架上,集热管内部插有一根内胆管,管内分隔成多个格子,管梁两端活动式安装子母扣或空心管,太阳能炉的安装方式,在第一种类型的追踪模式当中,各种类型太阳能炉的子母扣或空心管与光伏板边框上的子母扣或L型空心管相连接,并且太阳能炉与光伏板平行;在第二种类型的一体化追踪模式当中,各种类型的太阳能炉的子母扣与多边形或圆形的盘的子母扣或接口固定连接,并且水平地安放在托架上,光伏发电系统或光电和光热一体化追踪系统的角度调节,是调节光伏板或箱子的角度,将由安装有嵌入式的角度传感器的太阳能角度控制器,来进行控制,所述太阳能角度控制器,是利用时间计时来控制光伏板或箱子的角度发生改变的一种智能控制装置,其主要有主芯片、角度传感器、GPS卫星定位或电子指南针、时钟芯片、蓝牙、电机驱动的模块,主芯片通过读取实时的时钟及角度数值,根据不同的时间段来控制光伏板或箱子角度的变化,时钟芯片在太阳能角度控制器接通电源后,将自动采用GPS或蓝牙进行时间的校对,光伏板或箱子角度调节的工作原理为,太阳能角度控制器与光伏板或箱子安装在同一个水平面上,当时间到达预设的时刻时,控制器通过GPS卫星定位或电子指南针的定位,接受到一个调节角度的信号,则通过控制电机控制模块来使角度检测模块做出转动动作,以使得光伏板或箱子完成水平或倾斜动作,此时的智能电动柱将随着电机的转动完成水平或伸或缩的运动,推动光伏板或箱子转动到预定位置的同时,角度传感器输出的模拟量经过模拟数字转换器转换后送入主控制器,主控制器再根据此输入来判定光伏板或箱子是否已经转动到预定的角度,并据此来控制电机的控制模块,由此完成一次角度的调节,倾角多次调节的方式是采用输入法,每次新调节的角度值,在上午时段为ψ-J*ψ/F;正午时段,倾角固定不变,在下午时段为γ+ψ/F,把计算出每次所需调节的倾角角度值跟与其相对应的模拟电压值或调节时刻一起预先输入到控制器的储存模块当中,具体的实施方式为,当角度传感器处于水平位置角度为0°时,输出端Vo输出的为A伏的模拟电压,当角度传感器与水平面成最大倾角的角度值ψ时,此时输出的是B伏的模拟电压,当角度传感器在0°~ψ或ψ~180°的区间变化时,输出端Vo输出的电压将从A伏依此变化到B伏或B伏依此变化到A伏的模拟电压信号,因此通过测定角度传感器输出端Vo电压的大小,就能够确定光伏板与水平面间的夹角,所述铰接装置的构件是由1块底板和C块的多边形竖板所构成,竖板带有圆弧的一端带有孔洞,另外一端焊接固定在底板上,所述铰接装置的构件,C=1或2时候,是活动式或螺栓的固定连接,当C>2时候,是铰接连接形成一个铰接装置,其特征在于:不需要光电传感装置,分别采用转盘、箱体、固定或活动的支架的不同组合体,构建成一个1维度或2维度追踪的光电和光热系统,方位角和倾角的调节将采用时间计时,采用太阳能角度控制器来进行控制,所述太阳能角度控制器是根据时间计时,通过控制智能电动柱智能驱动光伏板或箱子方位角水平朝东或朝西方向移动或倾角从东面到西面进行转动,由此调节光伏板或箱子的方位角或倾角跟随时间的变化而发生改变的方法,调节的顺序为方位角调节在先,倾角在后,所述方位角的调节由太阳能角度控制器根据GPS或电子指南针模块输出的信号控制其朝东或朝西转动,所述倾角的调节为输入法,所述输入法是采用最大倾角算术平均法计算得出的所需调节的倾角角度值跟与其相对应的调节时刻一起预先输入到控制器的储存模块当中,所述最大倾角算术平均法是对上午和下午的时段内,光伏板所能形成的最大倾角,按调节的次数进行算术平均的方法,其特征在于:所述时间计时是一日之内三次或多次,2维度追踪的调节时间段分为上午、正午、下午三个时段,一日之内的三次调节,光伏板,在上午时段,面朝东面,倾角最大,正午时段,是水平状;下午时段,是面朝西面,倾角最大,所述的多次调节,是指在上午或下午两个时段内,每间隔E分钟进行一次方位角的调节,在E分钟内倾角调节F次,所述输入法当中的光伏板的最大倾角ψ的角度值按算术平均分成F次,每次调节的角度值为ψ/F,三个时间段内光伏板的朝向与1日之内三次调节的相同,在上午时段,每次新调节的角度值为ψ-J*ψ/F,J是整数的数字系列值,最小值为1,最大值为F;在下午时段,每次新调节的角度值为γ+ψ/F,γ是调节前一时刻的角度值,每次方位角进行调节时,倾角都已经归位到初始的位置,无驱动装置的1维度追踪的太阳能角度控制器水平安装在箱底,倾角是固定不变,方位角调节的次数,是一日之内所有调节时间的总和,按每间隔D分钟计算所得,在第二种1维度和2维度为一体化的模式当中,是以2维度追踪模式的角度调节为主来进行。
有益效果
本发明的便携式无需光电传感器的光电和光热一体化追踪系统,解决了在无明火无电状态下吃饭及用电难的技术难题。
附图说明
图1是转盘和托盘组合的第一种类型的平面俯视图:符号为1光伏板,符号2为箱体,符号3为铰接装置,符号4为滑槽,符号5为支架,符号6为转盘,符号7为多边形或圆形的托盘,符号8为托盘的脚,符号9为箱子的支撑杆,符号10为蓄电池;图2为转盘和托盘组合的第一种类型的正视图:符号11为驱动装置,符号12为三角形支架中的横梁,符号13为三角形支架中的竖梁,符号14为子母扣或螺栓,符号15为带孔的支架和插销,符号16为托盘上的子母扣或接口,符号17为万向轮;图3为多管型太阳能炉收纳时的平面俯视图:符号18是上层为梯形状的箱壁,符号19是上层为三角形状的箱壁;图4为多管型太阳能炉工作时的平面俯视图:符号20为盒子中的盖子,符号21为盖子的纵梁,符号22为盖子的横梁,符号23为真空集热管,图5为多管型太阳能炉工作状态的正视图:符号24是箱壁的支撑杆,符号25为固定托架上盒子的底层,符号26为支架;图6为转盘和托架组合的第二种类型的正视图:符号1为光伏板,符号27为光伏板底部的空心管,符号28为驱动装置,符号29为两根T型空心管形成的铰接装置,符号30为铰接装置的两根T型空心管,符号31为智能电动柱,符号32为三角形支架,符号33为太阳能炉,符号34为托架上的多边形或圆形盘,符号35为托架的空心管,符号36为空心管的基座,符号37为托架的脚,符号38为连接智能电动柱与托架间的梁,符号39为万向轮。
本发明的最佳实施方式
参阅图1~2,是转盘和托盘组合的第一种类型的2纬度追踪模式,箱体需要安装在车顶行李架上进行充电时,箱体是打开呈水平状固定在一个支架上,支架朝向车头的一端安装有空气阻力的分流板,支架再固定在车顶的行李架上。在到达户外活动场地后,两个箱子2合起来安装好万向轮就成了一个带密码的旅行箱,拖到安装地点后再重新打开箱子2,用插销把底部的两个支架15扣为一体,在每个箱子的两侧安装有支撑杆,杆的一端铰接在铰接装置一侧,另一端活动,把竖梁顶端扣件从滑槽4内取出,用支撑杆撑起光伏板1,从两个箱子内的收纳箱中取出转盘和托盘等安装配件,再把扣件扣好在滑槽4内,把转盘6固定安装在地面上,把多边形或圆形托盘7插入或套在转盘6顶端螺栓固定,把N个脚8的顶端和W根支撑杆9的底端的子母扣与托盘16子母扣或直接插入托盘的接口内固定连接,然后再把子母扣14与两个箱子2的螺母螺纹连接后,支撑杆9顶端的子母扣与子母扣14固定连接或支撑杆9顶端与螺栓14固定连接,由此形成一个2维度光伏发电的追日系统。
参阅图3~5,使用多管型太阳能炉时,打开箱壁18、19,把食材放入真空集热管23的内胆里,然后把真空集热管23架在盒子底层25的格子内,盖子20盖上并扣好,用支撑杆24把箱壁支撑好,由此多管型太阳能炉安装完成,太阳能炉安装时,是把太阳能炉的空心管插入光伏板边框的空心管内,或是把其空心管螺栓固定在一个活动式组装的支架上,支架的空心管则插入光伏板1边框上的空心管内而且与其平行,太阳能炉的角度将随同光伏板1的角度调节一起同时进行,由此形成一个2维度追日的光电和光热一体化系统。
参阅图6是转盘和托架组合的第二种类型的1纬度和2纬度追踪一体化模式,光伏方正1通过铰接装置29安装在智能电动柱31上,两根T型空心管30铰接形成一个铰接装置29,T型空心管30上面一根与光伏板1的空心管27连接,另一根插入智能电动柱31中固定连接,驱动装置28一端与光伏板1底部连接,另一端固定在智能电动柱31上随着其一起转动,S个托架上,一个安装光伏板1,其余的水平安装太阳能炉33,光伏板1一端连接在智能电动柱31上的三角形支架32上,另一端固定在托架的圆盘34上,托架上的空心管35与智能电动柱31通过梁38固定连接,托架的空心管35下端插入基座36内固定,基座36有多根脚37,每个脚都安装有万向轮39,由此形成一个2纬度和1纬度追踪的一体化系统。
本发明的实施方式
角度的调节是一日之内三次或多次,2维度追踪的调节时间段分为上午、正午、下午三个时段,一日之内的三次调节,光伏板,在上午时段,面朝东面,倾角最大,正午时段,是水平状;下午时段,是面朝西面,倾角最大,所述的多次调节,是指在上午或下午两个时段内,每间隔E分钟进行一次方位角的调节,在E分钟内倾角调节F次,所述输入法当中的光伏板的最大倾角ψ的角度值按算术平均分成F次,每次调节的角度值为ψ/F,三个时间段内光伏板的朝向与1日之内三次调节的相同,在上午时段,每次新调节的角度值为ψ-J*ψ/F,J是整数的数字系列值,最小值为1,最大值为F;在下午时段,每次新调节的角度值为γ+ψ/F,γ是调节前一时刻的角度值,每次方位角进行调节时,倾角都已经归位到初始的位置,无驱动装置的1维度追踪的太阳能角度控制器水平安装,倾角是固定不变,方位角调节的次数,是一日之内所有调节时间的总和,按每间隔D分钟计算所得,在第二种1维度和2维度为一体化的模式当中,是以2维度追踪模式的角度调节为主来进行。
在2维度光伏发电的追日系统当中,打开箱体上的电源开关,系统会自动归位到当时所应有的状态。系统首先调节箱体2的方位角,方位角采用非计算方式的电子指南针模块法来确定方位角,太阳能角度控制器将根据电子指南针模块输出的信号,得出太阳朝东或朝西的方位角,由太阳能角度控制器控制转盘6转动,由此带动其顶端的托盘7发生旋转的同时带动万向轮17及箱体2转动,使得箱体2转动到预定的方位,方位角调整到位后,太阳能角度控制器启动驱动装置11对光伏板1的倾角进行调节。具体的调节方式参照0012段。
在2维度追日的光电和光热一体化系统当中,光伏板1根据上述0012~0013段的方式调节角度的同时,太阳能炉的角度也同时得到调节,太阳能炉不再使用时,只要取下又恢复到光电系统,停止使用时关闭电源后系统又恢复到水平状态,在光伏板边框顶端空心管插入LED灯的支撑杆,铺上桌布就变成了一张野餐桌。
在2纬度和1纬度追踪的一体化系统当中,光伏板1角度的调节参照0012~0014段。停止工作后关闭电源开关,光伏板又归位成水平状态,取下托架上的光伏板和太阳能炉,智能电动柱的光伏板就转变成了一张野餐桌子。上述1纬度和2纬度追踪的光伏发电系统,平时还可以组装在自家庭院内进行发电,节省电费。
工业实用性
本发明的便携式无需光电传感器的光电和光热一体化追踪系统,提供的1纬度或2纬度无需光电传感器的追踪技术,解决了在无明火无电状态下吃饭难及生活基本用电的技术难题。目前便携式的光电系统和太阳能炉都是采用固定支架模式,不仅没有追日的功能,更不可能把光电系统和光热系统进行一体化,本发明提供的便携式非感应式追踪的光电和光热一体化系统,不仅能够1纬度或2维度进行追日,更重要的是用户外运动装备的旅行箱把光电和光热集合为一体,太阳能炉工作的同时,光电系统能够直接给蓄电池供电,其携带方便、技术简单、成本低、性价比高,解决了光电和光热系统领域内亟待解决的技术难题,即光电和光热系统不仅要能够追日,而且能够方便携带、还要具有实用价值的难题,本发明比不具有追日功能的光电和光热系统的发电和集热的效率平均多增加了60%左右,本发明具有很好的经济效益和生态效益。

Claims (3)

  1. 便携式无需光电传感器的光电和光热一体化追踪系统,包含太阳能角度控制器、太阳能电池、集热装置、转盘、托盘、托架、驱动装置、蓄电池、箱子,所述光伏板类型的太阳能电池,收纳时光伏板安装在箱子内,系统分为1维度或2维度追踪的两种不同的模式,根据转盘和托盘或托架的不同组合,光伏板发电时其分为安装在箱子内或在箱子外的两种不同类型,第一种类型的1纬度或2纬度追踪的模式是分别进行,采用转盘和托盘的组合,转盘和托盘的数量都为1个,第二种类型的1纬度和2纬度追踪的模式是同时进行,是一体化的模式,采用转盘和托架的组合,转盘和托架的数量分别为1个和S个,所述第一种类型的2维度追踪模式的光伏板是水平状安装在两个箱子内,箱子两端各活动式的安装有一根梁扣紧在光伏板的上方,光伏板串联或并联为蓄电池充电,箱子上安装有电源接口、开关,活动式的安装有万向轮、空气阻力的分流板,分流板是把箱子托架在行李架上时才需安装,分流板安装在朝向车头的箱体一端,在安装分流板一端的两个箱子的内侧,上下部分分别固定安装有一根横梁,横梁上开有螺栓孔,螺栓固定分流板,所述分流板为拱形状,中间高两端低,截面为带弧形的多边形,分流板固定在箱体或龙骨上,所述龙骨是一种支撑架,其形状与分流板相同也为拱形,其包含纵梁和横梁,龙骨中部凸起部分是通过支撑杆螺栓固定在箱体上,两个箱子之间的交接处安装有合页和带有孔洞的支架,以交接处中部为中心,两个箱子底部按多边形或圆形的形状相对应的安装有Q个螺母或螺栓,活动式的安装子母扣或螺母,在每个箱子内侧底部一边的横梁上固定安装有W个子母扣,与其相对应的另一边安装有驱动装置,其余两侧安装有L型构件的支架,一种顶端带有铰接装置构件或圆环构件的T型空心管,两根为一组进行铰接或轴连接形成一个铰接装置,共有W个铰接装置,铰接装置的T型空心管是子母扣,光伏板底部一端安装有子母扣,铰接装置上的子母扣,下端的与箱底的、上端的与光伏板的分别连接形成为一体,光伏板两侧边框上安装有子母扣或L型空心管,活动式连接子母扣,所述子母扣,是指由端头分别带有凸型或凹形的不同的两根管所构成的组合体,端头为凹型的称为母扣,为凸型的称为子扣,凸型上开有接口,凹型内有弹簧扣件,外面有按钮,或者子母扣的两根管是具有相同的多边形或圆形的截面,其中截面大的称为母扣,截面小的称为子扣,两者的结构分别与凹凸型的相同,子母扣连接时,子扣插入母扣时,弹簧扣件扣在子扣的接口内把两者连为一体,按住按钮则子母扣分开,光伏板另一端与驱动装置相连,连接的方式有两种,一种是与其直接连接,光伏板的空心管插入驱动装置内螺栓固定,另一种是通过一个三角形支架的间接连接,所述三角形支架由2根竖梁和1根T型横梁所构成,竖梁两端分别与箱底内侧铰接,和光伏板通过滑槽进行铰接连接,所述滑槽是安装在光伏板底部的横梁,截面为凹型,其两侧边缘都带有钩槽,两根竖梁的截面和形状都与滑槽的相同,截面1根宽1根窄,顶端都铰接连接一个多边形或圆形的扣件,截面窄的竖梁穿过内侧有开口的截面宽的竖梁内,彼此之间交叉形成三角形状,竖梁顶端的扣件扣在滑槽内,T型横梁的底端插入驱动装置内螺栓固定,其顶部带有多边形或圆形的扣件两端分别扣在两根竖梁的钩槽内,随着驱动装置的升降而沿着钩槽上下移动的同时,带动两根竖梁上下起伏,顶端的扣件在滑槽内左右来回滑动,由此推动三角架以及光伏板的升起或降落,所述驱动装置是一种可升降的智能电动柱,其柱体主要由多边形或圆形的螺母、带有螺纹的轴、空心管所构成,空心管固定在螺母上形成一体,螺母沿着轴上下移动,所述转盘是一根智能电动柱,其柱体主要由轴、空心管所构成,空心管固定在轴上随轴一起旋转而不能上下移动,在所述有驱动装置2纬度追踪当中的托盘分为多边形或圆形或十字型,所述多边形或圆形的托盘是活动式安装有N个脚和Q根支撑杆的多边形或圆形的托盘,托盘边缘的周边有N个子母扣或接口,托盘底端中心固定安装有个多边形或圆形的螺母,活动式安装在螺母上的空心管与转盘的空心管连接,每个脚或支撑杆的顶端或底端的子母扣与托盘边缘的子母扣连接或直接插入托盘的接口螺栓连接,脚的底部是活动式的安装万向轮,支撑杆顶端的子母扣与箱底的Q个子母扣连接或采用螺母固定在螺栓上,托盘随同转盘旋转的同时,其N个脚将绕着转盘做圆周运动;所述十字型托盘,是由底部空心管直径不同的两根T型支柱所构成,每根T型支柱的两端安装有螺丝孔或子母扣,两根T型支柱通过螺栓或子母扣活动式的连接为一体后,插入或套在转盘内或顶端螺栓或子母扣固定,随着转盘同时转动,两个箱子架在十字型托盘上螺栓或子母扣固定,转盘底部活动式的固定在垫板上,垫板采用地栓或倒U型构件固定在地面上,所述无驱动装置2纬度追踪,其结构与上述有驱动装置2纬度追踪的相同,区别在于每个箱子内无铰接装置和驱动装置,取而代之的是增加了驱动组合,驱动组合主要由管状电机、转轮、空心管所构成,转轮连接在管状电机的转轴上并固定于空心管内侧,管状电机安放在空心管内,通过电机座固定于箱壁上,空心管的另一端通过紧固构件固定于箱壁上,光伏板是直接固定在空心管上随着空心管的旋转而转动,所述第一种类型的1维度追踪的光伏发电系统的结构与上述同一类型中的2维度追踪的相同,只是没有驱动装置和三角形支架,在三角形支架的竖梁处分别安装一根支撑杆,支撑杆一端与箱底铰接连接,另一端是活动,工作时将其扣在光伏板的底部,撑起光伏板与箱底形成倾斜状态,所述第二种类型的箱子内侧只有L型构件的支架,光伏板托放在支架上,箱子两端各活动式的安装有一根梁扣紧在光伏板的上方,组合中的每个托架主要由空心管、基座、多边形或圆形的盘所构成,基座是一个多边形或圆形的柱体,其中心有个圆形的接口,四周安装有K个脚,每个脚都连接有万向轮,空心管顶端连接多边形或圆形的盘,下端插入基座的接口内活动式地固定在基座上,多边形或圆形的盘的边缘四周安装有子母扣或接口,底部中心处有个内侧带有螺纹的圆孔,圆孔活动式地与空心管螺纹连接,每个托架上与转盘间活动式连接有一根横梁,托架随着转盘的转动,绕转盘做圆规运动,在第二种类型当中的2维度追踪模式中,光伏板是通过所述的铰接装置安装在转盘的顶端,光伏板底部固定安装一个子母扣,与铰接装置的子母扣连接为一体,一根驱动装置,其一端连接在光伏板底部的端部,另一端固定在转盘上,上述的智能电动柱的柱体都是固定在机座上,其的驱动将采用智能电动柱内的电机和机械传动机构的组合体来进行,由此构成一个2维度追踪的光伏发电系统;所述第二种类型的1维度追踪系统,是无驱动装置的追踪模式,光伏板是安装在转盘和一个托架之间,光伏板一端活动式的固定在托架的多边形或圆盘上,另一端通过一个三角形支架活动式的固定在转盘上,在上述的追踪系统上再加装上集热装置,就变成为一个光电和光热的一体化追踪系统,所述的光热系统是一种太阳能炉,所述太阳能炉,其分为多管和单管两种不同类型,多管型的是指R根真空集热管,安装在一个箱子内所形成的太阳能炉,所述多管型太阳能炉,箱底和壁的内侧都是涂有反光材料的板,箱底的底面安装有子母扣或空心管,箱底的内侧四个角上分别固定安装一个n型或h型的支架,盒子内分隔成多个多边形或圆形的格子,盒子分为上下两层,下层固定在支架上,上层活动式安装称为盖子,上下层采用合页连接,箱壁的底部是铰接在箱底上,箱壁分为上下两段,两段之间采用合页连接,下段为四边形、其高度是支架和格子状盒子的高度之和,上段是梯形或梯形和三角形的组合体,箱壁打开后由杆支撑,杆的两端分别连接在箱壁的上段以及格子状的盒子上,使得箱壁与箱底形成倾斜的状态,有盖子的内胆是活动式安放于真空集热管内,多根真空集热管架在盒子内的多边形或圆形的格子上固定,所述单管型太阳能炉,其分为四方形和长方形两种不同的类型,四方形太阳能炉真空集热管的形状为四方形,长方形太阳能炉真空集热管的形状为圆形,所述四方形太阳能炉的真空集热管是安装在一个箱子的盒子内,箱底和箱壁的结构及安装方式都与上述多管型的相同,箱子内四方形格子状的盒子固定在上述的支架上,盒子的盖子是安装在侧面,其一端通过合页与盒子壁铰接连接,另一端通过卡扣扣紧在盒子壁上,内胆的材质为不锈钢或铝合金,其为多边形或圆形的带有边框的无盖的盒子,其侧边有个圆形的接口,接口内带有螺纹,活动式连接把手,内胆是活动式的安放于四方形真空集热管内,所述长方形的太阳能炉,其包含有集光镜、多边形或圆形的真空集热空心管,所述集光镜是涂有反光材料的板,镜面有平板型和抛物线型两种,两块拼接合为一体形成一块三角形或抛物面形的集光镜,每种类型的镜面有N块,每块的骨架中,有X根骨架凸出于集光镜边缘外,其端头带有螺纹结构,相对应两块集光镜中的X根骨架位置是相错的,一根截面为多边形的管梁,两侧各贯穿有2X个孔,上下面贯穿有M个孔,所述X根骨架每根活动式螺纹连接有空心管,空心管固定在管梁的方式有螺栓固定或非螺栓固定两种,螺栓固定或非螺栓固定方式的空心管后端带有固定构件,前端带有圆孔或弹性扣件,固定构件与圆孔或弹性扣件之间的间距与管梁的宽度相同,两块集光镜拼接时,两种不同固定方式的空心管是分别插入管梁每侧的2X个孔后,螺栓固定或弹性扣件固定在管梁的两侧上,一根真空集热空心管的M个支架为Y型,其底部空心管的结构以及与管梁固定的方式与X根骨架的空心管相同,但固定构件与圆孔或弹性扣件之间的间距是与管梁的厚度相同,支架空心管插入管梁面上的M个孔内后,螺栓固定或弹性扣件固定在管梁底部上,真空集热管架在M个支架的顶端,扣紧在支架上,集热管内部插有一根内胆管,管内分隔成多个格子,管梁两端活动式安装子母扣或空心管,太阳能炉的安装方式,在第一种类型的追踪模式当中,各种类型太阳能炉的子母扣或空心管与光伏板边框上的子母扣或L型空心管相连接,并且太阳能炉与光伏板平行;在第二种类型的一体化追踪模式当中,各种类型的太阳能炉的子母扣与多边形或圆形的盘的子母扣或接口固定连接,并且水平地安放在托架上,光伏发电系统或光电和光热一体化追踪系统的角度调节,是调节光伏板或箱子的角度,将由安装有嵌入式的角度传感器的太阳能角度控制器,来进行控制,所述太阳能角度控制器,是利用时间计时来控制光伏板或箱子的角度发生改变的一种智能控制装置,其主要有主芯片、角度传感器、GPS卫星定位或电子指南针、时钟芯片、蓝牙、电机驱动的模块,主芯片通过读取实时的时钟及角度数值,根据不同的时间段来控制光伏板或箱子角度的变化,时钟芯片在太阳能角度控制器接通电源后,将自动采用GPS或蓝牙进行时间的校对,光伏板或箱子角度调节的工作原理为,太阳能角度控制器与光伏板或箱子安装在同一个水平面上,当时间到达预设的时刻时,控制器通过GPS卫星定位或电子指南针的定位,接受到一个调节角度的信号,则通过控制电机控制模块来使角度检测模块做出转动动作,以使得光伏板或箱子完成水平或倾斜动作,此时的智能电动柱将随着电机的转动完成水平或伸或缩的运动,推动光伏板或箱子转动到预定位置的同时,角度传感器输出的模拟量经过模拟数字转换器转换后送入主控制器,主控制器再根据此输入来判定光伏板或箱子是否已经转动到预定的角度,并据此来控制电机的控制模块,由此完成一次角度的调节,倾角多次调节的方式是采用输入法,每次新调节的角度值,在上午时段为ψ-J*ψ/F;正午时段,倾角固定不变,在下午时段为γ+ψ/F,把计算出每次所需调节的倾角角度值跟与其相对应的模拟电压值或调节时刻一起预先输入到控制器的储存模块当中,具体的实施方式为,当角度传感器处于水平位置角度为0°时,输出端Vo输出的为A伏的模拟电压,当角度传感器与水平面成最大倾角的角度值ψ时,此时输出的是B伏的模拟电压,当角度传感器在0°~ψ或ψ~180°的区间变化时,输出端Vo输出的电压将从A伏依此变化到B伏或B伏依此变化到A伏的模拟电压信号,因此通过测定角度传感器输出端Vo电压的大小,就能够确定光伏板与水平面间的夹角,所述铰接装置的构件是由1块底板和C块的多边形竖板所构成,竖板带有圆弧的一端带有孔洞,另外一端焊接固定在底板上,所述铰接装置的构件,C=1或2时候,是活动式或螺栓的固定连接,当C>2时候,是铰接连接形成一个铰接装置,其特征在于:不需要光电传感装置,分别采用转盘、箱体、固定或活动的支架的不同组合体,构建成一个1维度或2维度追踪的光电和光热系统,方位角和倾角的调节将采用时间计时,采用太阳能角度控制器来进行控制。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的便携式无需光电传感器的光电和光热一体化追踪系统,其特征在于:所述太阳能角度控制器是根据时间计时,通过控制智能电动柱智能驱动光伏板或箱子方位角水平朝东或朝西方向移动或倾角从东面到西面进行转动,由此调节光伏板或箱子的方位角或倾角跟随时间的变化而发生改变的方法,调节的顺序为方位角调节在先,倾角在后,所述方位角的调节由太阳能角度控制器根据GPS或电子指南针模块输出的信号控制其朝东或朝西转动,所述倾角的调节为输入法,所述输入法是采用最大倾角算术平均法计算得出的所需调节的倾角角度值跟与其相对应的调节时刻一起预先输入到控制器的储存模块当中,所述最大倾角算术平均法是对上午和下午的时段内,光伏板所能形成的最大倾角,按调节的次数进行算术平均的方法。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的便携式无需光电传感器的光电和光热一体化追踪系统,其特征在于:所述时间计时是一日之内三次或多次,2维度追踪的调节时间段分为上午、正午、下午三个时段,一日之内的三次调节,光伏板,在上午时段,面朝东面,倾角最大,正午时段,是水平状;下午时段,是面朝西面,倾角最大,所述的多次调节,是指在上午或下午两个时段内,每间隔E分钟进行一次方位角的调节,在E分钟内倾角调节F次,所述输入法当中的光伏板的最大倾角ψ的角度值按算术平均分成F次,每次调节的角度值为ψ/F,三个时间段内光伏板的朝向与1日之内三次调节的相同,在上午时段,每次新调节的角度值为ψ-J*ψ/F,J是整数的数字系列值,最小值为1,最大值为F;在下午时段,每次新调节的角度值为γ+ψ/F,γ是调节前一时刻的角度值,每次方位角进行调节时,倾角都已经归位到初始的位置,无驱动装置的1维度追踪的太阳能角度控制器水平安装在箱底,倾角是固定不变,方位角调节的次数,是一日之内所有调节时间的总和,按每间隔D分钟计算所得,在第二种1维度和2维度为一体化的模式当中,是以2维度追踪模式的角度调节为主来进行。
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