Classifications

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  • B32B23/00—Layered products comprising a layer of cellulosic plastic substances, i.e. substances obtained by chemical modification of cellulose, e.g. cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, viscose
  • B32B23/04—Layered products comprising a layer of cellulosic plastic substances, i.e. substances obtained by chemical modification of cellulose, e.g. cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, viscose comprising such cellulosic plastic substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
  • B32B23/08—Layered products comprising a layer of cellulosic plastic substances, i.e. substances obtained by chemical modification of cellulose, e.g. cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, viscose comprising such cellulosic plastic substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
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• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
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• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Definitions

• the present invention relates to a multilayered flexible package characterized by antioxidant properties obtained through a core-shell system dispersion.
• antioxidant species during the polymerization process as reported, for example, in WO 2014/170426 which describes the integration of antioxidant molecules, specifically catechines, in a polyurethane matrix through their addition to one of the components of the polyurethane adhesive, prior to the polymerization reaction or after mixing the two reagents of the composition.
• WO 2017/049364 discloses a food packaging material comprising a polymeric material and a natural antioxidant.
• the described method to obtain the packaging material involves the addition of the natural antioxidant as a solid, a liquid, an oil, a powder or as an emulsion into the polymeric material, and a following process of extrusion (including cast film extrusion and blow film extrusion), moulding, or lamination to form the food packaging material.
• Still another approach for adding antioxidants to a polymeric material is disclosed in GB 2237574 which teaches the preparation of capsules by spraying an emulsion of the antioxidant and aqueous sodium alginate into a cross-linking bath containing an aqueous solution of a di- or multi-valent metal salt. Instantaneous reaction between the emulsion and the metal causes the alginate to cross-link and form a "sponge"-like matrix containing the antioxidant in its interstices.
• the matrix particles are referred to as capsules and the process is referred to as encapsulation, but this terminology should not be interpreted as including "balloon"-type capsules having distinct boundary walls; rather, the capsules described in GB 2237574 resemble "sponges” having irregular surfaces and possessing a multiplicity of pores.
• the described methods present some critical points for the final use in a packaging system such as the final thickness of the layer which can be reached, essentially not lower than 100-200 pm, with a consequent reduction of the possible applications of the final solution.
• a further limitation is represented by the placement of the antioxidant species into the layer of the package, with a consequent reduction of the antioxidant activity due to its distance from the outer portion of the container.
• the integration of some specific molecules such as catechines, and their distribution, is strictly related to the chemical compatibility with the characteristics of polymer employed.
• a further drawback is related to the application, for example during the extrusion process, of elevated temperatures that can lead to the antioxidant molecules spoilage. Indeed, it is important to point out that the use of antioxidants in this field is limited by their own nature, specifically by their instability under the exposure to oxygen, light, high temperatures, pH and storage time.
• the object of the present invention is to manufacture a multilayered flexible package that overcomes the above-mentioned drawbacks.
• This object is achieved by a multilayered flexible package comprising at least one polymeric coating that contains a dispersion of antioxidant capsules having a particle distribution comprised between 0.1 and 10 pm and a core-shell structure comprising a core of an antioxidant, with a reduction potential comprised between 0.1 and 0.5 V, and a polymeric shell covering the core at least by 70%.
• Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of a film to be used for a first embodiment of the present invention
• Figure 2 is a view similar to Fig.1 of a film to be used for a second embodiment of the present invention
• Figure 3A is a graph comparing the delay of oxidation provided by an embodiment of capsules according to the invention with respect to other three solutions outside the invention.
• Figure 3B is a graph comparing the delay of oxidation provided by an embodiment of the invention with respect to other two solutions outside the invention.
• the above particle distribution range shall mean that 90% of the capsules dispersed have a mean volume diameter comprised in the claimed range when measured by laser diffraction technique.
• the definitions and the considerations about laser diffraction theory and practice are derived from the standard ISO 13320:2020.
• the reduction potential of antioxidant species has been found to be in relation to the ease of compounds to donate hydrogen to free radicals, and the lower the reduction potential is the greater the hydrogen-donating ability of the antioxidant will be.
• the antioxidant species with a reduction potential comprised between 0.1 and 0.5 V have proven to be the most effective in carrying out their antioxidant effect avoiding the degradation of the air-sensitive materials contained in the package.
• the antioxidant species employed in the disclosed invention are selected in a group consisting of tannic acid, propyl gallate, gallic acid, caffeic acid, ascorbic acid and ferulic acid.
• Particles size has been found to be a key parameter in decreasing the reduction potential of antioxidant materials, with a significant effect moving down from 100 pm to 10 pm in particles size.
• particles size and shape are key characteristics in enabling antioxidant materials integration in packaging configurations.
• packaging systems for food, cosmetic, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical products typically consist of layers with thickness ranging from 0.5 to 100 pm where a fine distribution of functional fillers, e.g. antioxidant particles, can be ensured from particles with size comprised between 0.1 and 10 pm and spherical shape.
• the preparation of antioxidant particles with 0.1-10 pm size according to the present invention is not made through the mechanical processes typically used for the preparation of powders (with the consequent impossibility to obtain powders with a particle size lower than 100 pm) but including an intermediate step through material solubilization and a subsequent precipitation in wet or dry processes.
• Such processes can be solvent evaporation, sol-gel processes, microemulsions, layer-by-layer adsorption technique, macroemulsification, membrane-assisted emulsification, membrane-assisted nanoprecipitation, in-situ polymerization, coacervation/phase separation, interfacial polymerization, prilling, spray drying, freeze drying, ionic gelation or fluidized bed technology.
• each capsule 3 has a core-shell structure comprising a core 4, of an antioxidant with a reduction potential comprised between 0.1 and 0.5 V, and a polymeric shell 5 covering core 4.
• the polymeric shell 5, in a first embodiment according to the present invention, can be selected among carbohydrates, gums, lipids, proteins, natural polymers, fossil origin polymers and their copolymers, and in a preferred configuration the natural polymers are alginates and the fossil origin polymers and their copolymers are polyethylene-co-(vinyl alcohol) (EVOH).
• EVOH polyethylene-co-(vinyl alcohol)
• said polymeric shell 5 covers at least 70% of core 4 and in a preferred embodiment it completely covers core 4.
• the polymeric shell 5 can be glutaraldehyde, diphenylphosphoryl azide (DPP A), genipin or enzymes, such as transglutaminase, tyrosinase and laccase.
• DPP A diphenylphosphoryl azide
• genipin or enzymes, such as transglutaminase, tyrosinase and laccase.
• the above-disclosed capsules 3 are then dispersed in a polymeric coating 2 in an amount comprised between 5 and 50 % by weight with respect to the polymeric coating 2
• Said polymeric coating 2 is characterized by a thickness comprised between 0.5 and 100 pm and can be selected among acrylics, acrylics-styrene, -vinyl and alkyd copolymer, urethane-acrylics, aliphatic-urethanes, urethanes, polyesters, biopolyesters, epoxies, siloxanes and polysiloxanes, polyurethanes, polystyrene, phenolic resin, poly (ethylene- co-vinyl alcohol) (EVOH), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVAL), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS) and their copolymers, poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAC), waterborne and water reducible latex.
• EVOH ethylene- co-vinyl alcohol
• PVAL poly(vinyl alcohol)
• PLGA poly(lactic-co-gly
• an antioxidant system based on core-shell technology is enough to prevent the antioxidants degradation, improve the protection and the integration of the active materials in the final configuration and increase the control of their functional activity, without the need of further protective elements.
• antioxidants are a further relevant feature to be considered in the integration of antioxidants into an active package. More specifically, the use of core-shell structures, unlike the powder systems largely reported in the prior art, increases the control and the homogeneity of the dispersion with a consequent performance improvement.
• the core-shell capsules of the present invention can be prepared through different processes, as described above, which avoid the antioxidant degradation and, at the same time, allow a homogeneous and regular distribution of said capsules in the polymeric matrix.
• a filler material can be further added to the polymeric coating 2 in an amount comprised between 1 and 30 % by weight with respect to the polymeric coating 2.
• Said filler can be selected among zeolites, hydrotalcites, zirconium phosphate, porphyrins, graphene and other two-dimensional crystals, graphene oxide, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), cellulose and capsules of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer.
• the filler can be a zeolite selected among Faujasite (FAU), mordenite (MOR), ZSM-5 and Linde Type A.
• FAU Faujasite
• MOR mordenite
• ZSM-5 Linde Type A.
• an oxygen barrier effect with the addition of a dispersion of a first ethyl ene-vinyl alcohol copolymer in the form of particles with an ethylene content comprised between 24 and 38 mol% (high ethylene content) and a second ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer with an ethylene content lower than 15 mol% (low ethylene content) as reported for the capsules disclosed in WO 2020/012396 in the applicant’s name.
• the polymeric coating 2 is applied as a continuous frame along the perimeter of the package or as a continuous layer covering the entire surface of the package.
• the polymeric coating 2 including the core-shell capsules 3 can be used coupled to several kinds of substrate 1, as for example polypropylene (PP), oriented polypropylene (OPP), biaxially-oriented polypropylene (BOPP), polyethylene (PE) and low density polyethylene (LDPE), polyamide (PA) and biaxially-oriented polyamide (BOPA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and biaxially-oriented polyethylene terephthalate (BOPET), polyethylene furanoate (PEF), polybutylene adipate terephtalate (PBAT), polybutylene succinate (PBS), polylactic acid (PLA), biaxially- oriented polylactic acid (PLA), mater-bi (biodegradable plastics based on com starch), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), starch blends, paper and laminated paper, lignin cellulose blend and cellophane.
• substrate 1 for example polypropylene (PP), oriented polypropylene (OPP), biaxial
• said polymeric coating 2 can be covered, as represented in Fig. 2, with a polymer layer 6 selected among polyethylene (PE), machine-directed oriented polyethene (MDO-PE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), acrylics, acrylics-styrene, acrylics copolymers, siloxanes and polysiloxanes.
• PE polyethylene
• MDO-PE machine-directed oriented polyethene
• LDPE low density polyethylene
• acrylics acrylics-styrene
• acrylics copolymers acrylics copolymers
• siloxanes siloxanes and polysiloxanes.
• the core-shell capsules 3 are prepared by adding chitosan, as precursor of the polymeric shell 5, at 1% by weight with respect to a 0.1 M solution of HC1 kept under stirring at 200 rpm at RT. After solubilization, tannic acid, as antioxidant material, is added at 2% by weight with respect to the chitosan solution and kept under stirring in the same conditions. After its solubilization, the resulting formulation is spray-dried obtaining core-shell capsules 3 presented in the form of monodispersed capsules with a size (diameter) less than 10 pm for at least 90% of the particles.
• the antioxidant particles without shell, are prepared by adding tannic acid at 4% by weight with respect to a water solution kept under stirring at 200 rpm at RT. After its solubilization, the resulting formulation is spray-dried obtaining particles presented in the form of monodispersed particles with a size (diameter) less than 10 pm for at least 90% of the particles
• Tannic acid purchased from Sigma Aldrich is selected as comparative sample without submitting it to a transformation process into particles.
• Sample C2 is presented in the form of a powder with a size (diameter) less than 100 pm for at least 90% of the particles.
• the above-disclosed samples SI, Cl and C2 are then dispersed in two different polymer matrices, in order to obtain a low-thickness coating.
• Samples SI, Cl and C2 are dispersed in an amount of 10% by weight with respect to the polymeric coating in a polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate solvent-less polymeric resin, with a 1% hydroxyketone-based system as photoinitiator.
• the obtained dispersion is bladed adopting a spiral bar with 4 pm of nominal thickness, on PET, and the obtained coating is submitted to a UV curing process (15 sec, 100 mW/cm 2 ).
• the sample SI is characterized by a more regular and homogeneous distribution of capsules into the polymeric layer than sample C2 for which, due to its size, it is not possible to guarantee a regular dispersion of antioxidant material into the low thickness polymeric layer.
• the presence of the polymeric shell preserves the antioxidant reactivity into the polymeric binder, ensuring its homogeneous dispersion and functionality.
• Samples SI, Cl and C2 are dispersed in a polysiloxanes solventdess polymeric resin in an amount of 10% by weight with respect to the polymeric coating.
• the obtained dispersion is bladed adopting a spiral bar with 4 pm of nominal thickness, on PET, and the obtained coating is submitted to a thermal curing process at 80°C for 45 minutes.
• the sample SI is characterized by a more regular and homogeneous distribution of capsules into the polymeric layer than sample C2 for which, due to its size, it is not possible to guarantee a regular dispersion of antioxidant material into the low thickness polymeric layer.
• the presence of the polymeric shell preserves the antioxidant reactivity toward reactive species, as explained in the following paragraph.
• the graph of Fig.3A shows the comparison of the delay, in term of oxidation, of standard linseed oil (LO) thanks to the activity of samples SI, Cl and C2.
• sample SI guarantees much longer preservation time, in term of oxidation, of linseed oil in comparison to the particles of sample Cl and the powder of sample C2.
• sample C2 in the form of a powder with a size (diameter) less than 100 pm, no relevant antioxidant capacity was observed in the testing conditions.
• the antioxidant capacity of a coating comprising samples SI and Cl is tested by microcalorimetric technique in order to monitor the inhibition of an oxidation reaction comparing linseed oil (LO) alone, as standard reference, and LO mixed with a coating comprising samples SI and Cl.
• LO linseed oil
• the graph of Fig.3B shows the comparison of the delay, in term of oxidation, of standard linseed oil (LO) thanks to the activity of samples SI and Cl.
• the respective coatings are prepared following procedure A, i.e. by dispersing said samples in a polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate solvent-less polymeric resin.
• the coating comprising sample SI guarantees a preservation over 20 hours, in term of oxidation, of linseed oil, whereas with the use of the coating comprising sample Cl, due to the absence of the protective shell, the antioxidant particles react immediately, with a consequent reduction of the time of preservation.

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