CN115916886A - 具有抗氧化特性的多层柔性包装 - Google Patents

具有抗氧化特性的多层柔性包装 Download PDF

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CN115916886A
CN115916886A CN202180043186.7A CN202180043186A CN115916886A CN 115916886 A CN115916886 A CN 115916886A CN 202180043186 A CN202180043186 A CN 202180043186A CN 115916886 A CN115916886 A CN 115916886A
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polyethylene
antioxidant
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米丽娅姆·里瓦
保罗·瓦卡
卡塔日娜·菲德卡
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Abstract

一种多层柔性包装，其包括包含抗氧化囊(3)的分散体的聚合物涂层(2)，所述抗氧化囊(3)具有0.1μm至10μm的颗粒尺寸分布和核壳结构，所述核壳结构包括还原电位为0.1V至0.5V的抗氧化剂的核(4)和覆盖核(4)至少70％的聚合物壳(5)。

Description

具有抗氧化特性的多层柔性包装
本发明涉及多层柔性包装，所述多层柔性包装特征在于通过核壳体系分散体获得的抗氧化特性。
在气敏材料的包装和储存领域，要达到的最重要的目标之一是避免由于氧化相关的降解而损失材料特性。例如，氧化过程被认为是易腐烂商品和食品变质的主要原因，影响其品质和安全性，特别是食品的营养和感官品质。
该问题的可能解决方案之一依赖于使用能够抑制氧化反应和随后自由基的产生的抗氧化剂物质。
在该领域，将所述抗氧化剂结合到活性包装中对于控制氧化相关的降解过程是最有前途的替代方案之一。
主要使用的方法以在聚合过程期间添加抗氧化剂物质为代表，例如在WO 2014/170426中所报道的，其描述了通过在聚合反应之前或在将组合物的两种试剂混合之后向聚氨酯粘合剂的组分之一中添加抗氧化剂分子(特别是，儿茶素)而将其结合到聚氨酯基质中。
US 2006/0047069也应用类似的策略，其中在聚合过程期间在聚合物分散体中添加抗氧化剂，设定特定的pH范围。
WO 2017/049364中报道了另一种可能的方法，其公开了包含聚合物材料和天然抗氧化剂的食品包装材料。所描述的获得包装材料的方法包括将天然抗氧化剂作为固体、液体、油、粉末或者作为乳剂添加到聚合物材料中，以及随后的挤出(包括流延膜挤出和吹膜挤出)、模制或层合的过程以形成食品包装材料。
GB 2237574中公开了又一种用于向聚合物材料中添加抗氧化剂的方法，其教导了通过将抗氧化剂和水性藻酸钠的乳剂喷洒到包含二价或多价金属盐的水溶液的交联浴中来制备囊。乳剂和金属之间的瞬时反应引起藻酸盐/酯交联并形成在其间隙中包含抗氧化剂的“海绵”状基质。在本文中，基质颗粒被称为囊，并且该过程被称为包封，但该术语不应被解释为包括具有明显边界壁的“气球”型囊；相反，GB 2237574中描述的囊类似于具有不规则表面并拥有多个孔的“海绵”。
然而，所描述的方法对于最终在包装体系中的使用提出了一些关键点，例如可以达到的层的最终厚度基本上不低于100μm至200μm，结果减少了最终解决方案的可能应用。另一个限制以将抗氧化剂物质置于包装的层中为代表，结果由于其与容器外部的距离而导致抗氧化活性降低。此外，一些特定分子例如儿茶素的结合及其分布与所用聚合物特性的化学相容性紧密相关。
另一个缺点与例如在挤出过程期间施加可能导致抗氧化剂分子腐败的升高的温度相关。事实上，重要的是要指出，在该领域中使用抗氧化剂受限于它们自身的性质，特别地受限于它们在暴露于氧、光、高温、pH和储存时间下的不稳定性。
本发明的目的是制造克服上述缺点的多层柔性包装。该目的通过这样的多层柔性包装来实现，所述多层柔性包装包括至少一个包含抗氧化囊的分散体的聚合物涂层，所述抗氧化囊具有0.1μm至10μm的颗粒分布和核壳结构，所述核壳结构包括还原电位为0.1V至0.5V的抗氧化剂的核和覆盖核至少70％的聚合物壳。
根据本发明的包装的结构和特性将参照附图根据以下其一些实施方案的详细描述而对于本领域技术人员来说是清楚的，在附图中：
图1是用于本发明的第一实施方案的膜的示意性截面图；
图2是用于本发明的第二实施方案的膜的类似于图1的图；
图3A是比较由根据本发明的囊的实施方案提供的氧化延迟相对于本发明以外的其他三种解决方案的曲线图；以及
图3B是比较由本发明的实施方案提供的氧化延迟相对于本发明以外的其他两种解决方案的曲线图。
出于本发明的目的，以上颗粒分布范围应当意指当通过激光衍射技术测量时，90％的分散的囊具有包括在要求保护的范围内的平均体积直径。关于激光衍射理论和实践的定义和注意事项源自标准ISO 13320:2020。已经发现抗氧化剂物质的还原电位与化合物向自由基供氢的容易程度有关，并且还原电位越低，抗氧化剂的供氢能力将越大。因此，已经证明还原电位为0.1V至0.5V的抗氧化剂物质在实现其抗氧化效果方面最有效，避免了包装中包含的气敏材料降解。
特别地，在本公开的发明中使用的抗氧化剂物质在由以下组成的组中选择：鞣酸、没食子酸丙酯、没食子酸、咖啡酸、抗坏血酸和阿魏酸。
已经发现颗粒尺寸是使抗氧化剂材料的还原电位降低的关键参数，其中颗粒尺寸从100μm向下移动至10μm效果显著。此外，颗粒尺寸和形状是使抗氧化剂材料能够结合到包装配置中的关键特征。特别地，用于食品、化妆品、营养食品和药物产品的包装体系通常由厚度在0.5μm至100μm范围内的层组成，其中功能性填料例如抗氧化剂颗粒的精细分布可以由具有0.1μm至10μm的尺寸和球形形状的颗粒确保。
根据本发明的具有0.1μm至10μm尺寸的抗氧化剂颗粒的制备不是通过通常用于制备粉末的机械过程(结果不可能获得颗粒尺寸低于100μm的粉末)来制作，而是包括以湿法或干法过程通过材料溶解和随后沉淀的中间步骤。这样的过程可以为溶剂蒸发、溶胶凝胶过程、微乳剂、逐层吸附技术、粗滴乳化、膜辅助乳化、膜辅助纳米沉淀、原位聚合、凝聚/相分离、界面聚合、造粒、喷雾干燥、冷冻干燥、离子凝胶化或流化床技术。
囊体系通过覆盖抗氧化剂核的聚合物壳的存在来完成，聚合物以使得壳的重量与整个核壳体系的重量之间的比率为0.25至0.75的量添加。以这种方式，每个囊3具有核壳结构，所述核壳结构包括还原电位为0.1V至0.5V的抗氧化剂的核4和覆盖核4的聚合物壳5。
在根据本发明的第一实施方案中，聚合物壳5可以选自碳水化合物、胶、脂质、蛋白质、天然聚合物、化石来源聚合物及其共聚物，并且在一个优选配置中，天然聚合物为藻酸盐/酯，以及化石来源聚合物及其共聚物为聚乙烯-共-(乙烯醇)(EVOH)。
此外，所述聚合物壳5覆盖核4的至少70％，并且在一个优选实施方案中，其完全覆盖核4。
在一个替代实施方案中，聚合物壳5可以为戊二醛、叠氮化磷酸二苯酯(diphenylphosphoryl azide，DPPA)、京尼平或酶例如转谷氨酰胺酶、酪氨酸酶和漆酶。
然后将以上公开的囊3以相对于聚合物涂层2的5重量％至50重量％的量分散在聚合物涂层2中。
所述聚合物涂层2特征在于厚度为0.5μm至100μm并且可以选自丙烯酸类树脂、丙烯酸类-苯乙烯树脂、-乙烯基和醇酸树脂共聚物、氨基甲酸酯-丙烯酸类树脂、脂族氨基甲酸酯、氨基甲酸酯、聚酯、生物聚酯、环氧树脂、硅氧烷和聚硅氧烷、聚氨酯、聚苯乙烯、酚醛树脂、聚(乙烯-共-乙烯醇)(EVOH)、聚(乙烯醇)(PVAL)、聚(乳酸-共-乙醇酸)(PLGA)、聚乙二醇(PEG)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚苯乙烯(PS)及其共聚物、聚(乙酸乙烯酯)(PVAC)、水性和水稀释性的乳胶。
在该背景下，如本发明所公开的，使用基于核壳技术的抗氧化剂体系(囊)足以防止抗氧化剂降解，改善活性材料在最终配置中的保护和结合，以及提高其功能活性的控制，而不需要另外的保护要素。
另外，在将抗氧化剂结合到活性包装中时要考虑的另一个相关特征与所述材料在有机基质中的分散有关。更具体地，与现有技术中主要报道的粉末体系不同，使用核壳结构提高了分散体的控制和均匀性，结果性能改善。
因此，考虑到整个体系复杂性，本发明的核壳囊可以通过如上所述的不同方法制备，这避免了抗氧化剂降解，同时允许所述囊均匀且规则地分布在聚合物基质中。
为了增强包装的一些特定特征，可以以相对于聚合物涂层2的1重量％至30重量％的量向聚合物涂层2中进一步添加填料材料。所述填料可以选自沸石、水滑石、磷酸锆、卟啉、石墨烯和另外的二维晶体、氧化石墨烯、金属有机骨架材料(metal organicframework，MOF)、纤维素和乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物囊。
例如，如果必须实现水分阻挡效果，则填料可以为选自八面沸石(Faujasite，FAU)、丝光沸石(mordenite，MOR)、ZSM-5和Linde A型的沸石。另外，在另一个实施方案中，如对于申请人名下的WO2020/012396中公开的囊所报道的，可以通过添加乙烯含量为24mol％至38mol％(高乙烯含量)的呈颗粒形式的第一乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物和乙烯含量低于15mol％(低乙烯含量)的第二乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物的分散体而具有氧阻挡效果。
在一个优选实施方案中，聚合物涂层2作为沿包装的周边的连续框架或者作为覆盖包装的整个表面的连续层应用。
如图1所示，包括核壳囊3的聚合物涂层2可以这样使用：耦接至若干种基底1，例如聚丙烯(polypropylene，PP)、取向聚丙烯(oriented polypropylene，OPP)、双轴取向聚丙烯(biaxially-oriented polypropylene，BOPP)、聚乙烯(polyethylene，PE)和低密度聚乙烯(low density polyethylene，LDPE)、聚酰胺(polyamide，PA)和双轴取向聚酰胺(biaxially-oriented polyamide，BOPA)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(polyethyleneterephthalate，PET)和双向取向聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(biaxially-orientedpolyethylene terephthalate，BOPET)、聚乙烯呋喃酸酯(polyethylene furanoate，PEF)、聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(polybutylene adipate terephtalate，PBAT)、聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(polybutylene succinate，PBS)、聚乳酸(polylactic acid，PLA)、双轴取向聚乳酸(biaxially-oriented polylactic acid，PLA)、mater-bi(基于玉米淀粉的可生物降解塑料)、聚羟基烷酸酯(polyhydroxyalkanoate，PHA)、淀粉共混物、纸和层合纸、木质素纤维素共混物和玻璃纸。
此外，如图2所示，所述聚合物涂层2可以覆盖有聚合物层6，所述聚合物层6选自聚乙烯(PE)、机器定向取向聚乙烯(machine-directed oriented polyethene，MDO-PE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、丙烯酸类树脂、丙烯酸类-苯乙烯树脂、丙烯酸类树脂共聚物、硅氧烷和聚硅氧烷。
最后，考虑到对保存不同气敏材料的广泛兴趣，本文所述的解决方案可以容易地用于食品、化妆品、营养食品或药物产品用包装体系。
实施例
在下文中，将参照以下实施例更详细地解释说明本发明。
根据本发明的样品S1的制备
通过以下制备核壳囊3：在室温下以200rpm保持搅拌下以相对于0.1M HCl溶液的1重量％添加壳聚糖作为聚合物壳5的前体。在溶解之后，以相对于壳聚糖溶液的2重量％添加鞣酸作为抗氧化剂材料，并在相同条件下保持搅拌。在其溶解之后，将所得制剂喷雾干燥，获得对于至少90％的颗粒具有小于10μm的尺寸(直径)的以单分散囊的形式存在的核壳囊3。
比较样品C1的制备
通过以下制备无壳的抗氧化剂颗粒：在室温下以200rpm保持搅拌下以相对于水溶液的4重量％添加鞣酸。在其溶解之后，将所得制剂喷雾干燥，获得对于至少90％的颗粒具有小于10μm的尺寸(直径)的以单分散颗粒的形式存在的颗粒。
下表1报告了样品制备期间采用的喷雾干燥参数：
样品 <![CDATA[T<sub>入口</sub>(℃)]]> 泵送％ 抽吸％
S1 150 30 90
C1 150 30 95
表1-采用的喷雾干燥参数
比较样品C2的描述
选择从Sigma Aldrich购买的鞣酸作为比较样品，而不使其经受转化成颗粒的过程。样品C2以对于至少90％的颗粒具有小于100μm的尺寸(直径)的粉末的形式存在。
涂层制备
根据本发明，然后将以上公开的样品S1、C1和C2分散在两种不同的聚合物基质中以获得低厚度涂层。
A)将样品S1、C1和C2以相对于聚合物涂层的10重量％的量分散在聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯无溶剂聚合物树脂中，用1％基于羟基酮的体系作为光引发剂。为了制备特征在于低厚度值的聚合物涂层，采用标称厚度为4μm的螺旋棒将获得的分散体刮在PET上，并使获得的涂层经受UV固化过程(15秒，100mW/cm2)。样品S1的特征在于：与样品C2相比，囊更规则且均匀地分布到聚合物层中，对于样品C2，由于其尺寸而不可能保证抗氧化剂材料规则地分散到低厚度聚合物层中。将样品S1与C1进行比较，聚合物壳的存在将抗氧化剂的反应性保留在聚合物粘结剂中，从而确保其均匀分散和功能。
B)将样品S1、C1和C2以相对于聚合物涂层的10重量％的量分散在聚硅氧烷无溶剂聚合物树脂中。为了制备特征在于低厚度值的聚合物涂层，采用标称厚度为4μm的螺旋棒将获得的分散体刮在PET上，并使获得的涂层在80℃下经受热固化过程45分钟。样品S1的特征在于：与样品C2相比，囊更规则且均匀地分布到聚合物层中，对于样品C2，由于其尺寸而不可能保证抗氧化剂材料规则地分散到低厚度聚合物层中。将样品S1与C1进行比较，聚合物壳的存在保留了对反应性物质的抗氧化剂的反应性，如以下段落所解释说明。
通过微量热技术的颗粒功能：
通过微量热技术测试样品S1、C1和C2的抗氧化能力，以监测比较作为标准参照的单独亚麻籽油(linseed oil，LO)以及与样品S1、C1和C2混合的LO的氧化反应的抑制。在等温模式下，将恒温器中的油保持在30℃的温度下，并随时间连续测量产生的热量。
图3A的曲线图示出了标准亚麻籽油(LO)由于样品S1、C1和C2的活性在氧化方面的延迟的比较。显然，与样品C1的颗粒和样品C2的粉末相比，样品S1保证了亚麻籽油在氧化方面长得多的保存时间。特别地，对于呈具有小于100μm的尺寸(直径)的粉末的形式的样品C2，在测试条件下未观察到相关的抗氧化能力。
通过微量热技术的涂层功能：
通过微量热技术测试包含样品S1和C1的涂层的抗氧化能力，以监测比较作为标准参照的单独亚麻籽油(LO)以及与包含样品S1和C1的涂层混合的LO的氧化反应的抑制。在等温模式下，将恒温器中的油保持在30℃的温度下，并随时间连续测量产生的热量。
图3B的曲线图示出了标准亚麻籽油(LO)由于样品S1和C1的活性在氧化方面的延迟的比较。各个涂层按照程序A，即通过将所述样品分散在聚乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯无溶剂聚合物树脂中来制备。
因此显然，包含样品S1的涂层保证了亚麻籽油在氧化方面保存超过20小时，而在使用包含样品C1的涂层的情况下，由于没有保护壳，抗氧化剂颗粒立即发生反应，结果减少了保存时间。

Claims (16)

1.一种多层柔性包装，包括至少一个包含抗氧化剂颗粒的分散体的聚合物涂层(2)，特征在于所述抗氧化剂颗粒包含在具有0.1μm至10μm的体积平均直径和核壳结构的囊(3)中，所述核壳结构包括：
-还原电位为0.1V至0.5V的抗氧化剂的核(4)，和
-覆盖所述核(4)的至少70％，优选地100％的聚合物壳(5)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的包装，其中所述抗氧化剂在由以下组成的组中选择：鞣酸、没食子酸丙酯、没食子酸、咖啡酸、抗坏血酸和阿魏酸。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的包装，其中所述聚合物壳(5)在由以下组成的组中选择：碳水化合物、胶、脂质、蛋白质、天然聚合物、化石来源聚合物及其共聚物。
4.根据权利要求3所述的包装，其中所述天然聚合物为藻酸盐/酯，以及所述化石来源聚合物及其共聚物为聚乙烯-共-(乙烯醇)(EVOH)。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的包装，其中所述聚合物壳(5)在由以下组成的组中选择：戊二醛、叠氮化磷酸二苯酯(DPPA)、京尼平或酶例如转谷氨酰胺酶、酪氨酸酶和漆酶。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的包装，其中所述聚合物涂层(2)在由以下组成的组中选择：丙烯酸类树脂、丙烯酸类-苯乙烯树脂、-乙烯基和醇酸树脂共聚物、氨基甲酸酯-丙烯酸类树脂、脂族氨基甲酸酯、氨基甲酸酯、聚酯、生物聚酯、环氧树脂、硅氧烷和聚硅氧烷、聚氨酯、聚苯乙烯、酚醛树脂、聚乙烯-共-(乙烯醇)(EVOH)、聚(乙烯醇)(PVAL)、聚(乳酸-共-乙醇酸)(PLGA)、聚乙二醇(PEG)、聚乙烯(PE)、聚苯乙烯(PS)及其共聚物、聚(乙酸乙烯酯)(PVAC)、水性和水稀释性的乳胶。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的包装，其中所述聚合物涂层(2)的厚度为0.5μm至100μm。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的包装，其中抗氧化囊(3)以相对于所述聚合物涂层(2)的5重量％至50重量％的量添加。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的包装，其中所述壳(5)的重量与整个核壳体系的重量之间的比率为0.25至0.75。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的包装，其中以相对于所述聚合物涂层(2)的1重量％至30重量％的量添加填料。
11.根据权利要求10所述的包装，其中所述填料在由以下组成的组中选择：沸石、水滑石、磷酸锆、卟啉、石墨烯和另外的二维晶体、氧化石墨烯、金属有机骨架材料(MOF)、纤维素和乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物囊。
12.根据权利要求11所述的包装，其中所述沸石在由以下组成的组中选择：八面沸石(FAU)、丝光沸石(MOR)、ZSM-5和Linde A型。
13.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的包装，其中所述聚合物涂层(2)作为框架或连续层应用。
14.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的包装，其中所述聚合物涂层(2)耦接至基底(1)，所述基底(1)在由以下组成的组中选择：聚丙烯(PP)、取向聚丙烯(OPP)、双轴取向聚丙烯(BOPP)、聚乙烯(PE)和低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、聚酰胺(PA)和双轴取向聚酰胺(BOPA)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)和双向取向聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(BOPET)、聚乙烯呋喃酸酯(PEF)、聚己二酸对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBAT)、聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)、聚乳酸(PLA)、生物取向聚乳酸(bio-oriented polyactic acid，PLA)、mater-bi、聚羟基烷酸酯(PHA)、淀粉共混物、纸和层合纸、木质素纤维素共混物和玻璃纸。
15.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的包装，其中所述聚合物涂层(2)覆盖有聚合物层(6)，所述聚合物层(6)在由以下组成的组中选择：聚乙烯(PE)、机器定向取向聚乙烯(MDO-PE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、丙烯酸类树脂、丙烯酸类-苯乙烯树脂、丙烯酸类树脂共聚物、硅氧烷和聚硅氧烷。
16.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的包装在用于食品、化妆品、营养食品或药物产品的包装体系中的用途。
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