WO2022022169A1 - 内窥镜手术器械以及用于其的保护装置 - Google Patents

内窥镜手术器械以及用于其的保护装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022022169A1
WO2022022169A1 PCT/CN2021/101612 CN2021101612W WO2022022169A1 WO 2022022169 A1 WO2022022169 A1 WO 2022022169A1 CN 2021101612 W CN2021101612 W CN 2021101612W WO 2022022169 A1 WO2022022169 A1 WO 2022022169A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tube
protection
liner
needle
surgical instrument
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/101612
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
唐志
董文君
张岚
叶成友
谢星
金鸿雁
Original Assignee
南微医学科技股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2022022169A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022022169A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/34—Trocars; Puncturing needles
    • A61B17/3478—Endoscopic needles, e.g. for infusion
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/00234—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets for minimally invasive surgery
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/34—Trocars; Puncturing needles
    • A61B17/3494—Trocars; Puncturing needles with safety means for protection against accidental cutting or pricking, e.g. limiting insertion depth, pressure sensors
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/34—Trocars; Puncturing needles
    • A61B17/3494—Trocars; Puncturing needles with safety means for protection against accidental cutting or pricking, e.g. limiting insertion depth, pressure sensors
    • A61B17/3496—Protecting sleeves or inner probes; Retractable tips
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B90/00—Instruments, implements or accessories specially adapted for surgery or diagnosis and not covered by any of the groups A61B1/00 - A61B50/00, e.g. for luxation treatment or for protecting wound edges
    • A61B90/08—Accessories or related features not otherwise provided for
    • A61B2090/0801—Prevention of accidental cutting or pricking

Definitions

  • the invention relates to medical instruments for diagnosis and treatment under an endoscope, in particular to an endoscopic surgical instrument with a needle and a protective device therefor.
  • the endoscopic surgical instruments with needles (such as puncture needles) on the market have almost no structural design for protecting the needle tip and/or the outer tube sheathed outside the needle near the needle, so that the needle passes through a large
  • the needle tip will poke the outer tube during the bend, causing the needle tip to curl and become blunt, the puncture is blocked or even the needle cannot be drawn out, the outer tube may be punctured, and the endoscope may even be scratched.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an endoscopic surgical instrument and a protective device therefor, which at least partially solve the problem of protecting the needle tip and/or the outer tube from damage when the needle passes through a bend.
  • an endoscopic surgical instrument comprising: a needle, an actuating member connected to the tail of the needle, and an outer tube sleeved on the outside of the needle and the actuating member, the needle being capable of being driven
  • the outer tube extends out and retracts into the outer tube under the actuation of the moving member
  • the endoscopic surgical instrument further includes a protection device for preventing the outer tube from being punctured by a needle when it is bent, and the protection device includes A protective tube disposed on the inner wall of the outer tube surrounds at least the tip of the needle when the needle is retracted into the outer tube.
  • the protection tube is made of a material with a hardness greater than that of the outer tube, preferably the protection tube is made of a metal material.
  • the tube wall of the protection tube is formed with a discontinuous structure or a thinning structure of material in the axial direction of the protection tube or has a wave shape along the axial direction.
  • a plurality of cut grooves are formed on the pipe wall of the protection pipe, the plurality of cut grooves extend at least in the circumferential direction of the protection pipe, and are arranged in a staggered manner so that the protection pipe axially adjacent cut grooves Offset from each other in the circumferential direction.
  • the protection device further comprises a liner, the liner is lined in the protection tube to directly contact the needle tip when the protection tube is bent, for reducing the Friction between needle tip and guard.
  • the liner is made of a material with self-lubricating properties, preferably the liner is made of PEEK plastic or PI plastic.
  • the liner is fixed to the protective tube by at least a portion of its outer wall.
  • the liner and the protective tube are fixed to each other on at least one end, and at least a portion of the outer wall of the liner is relatively movable with respect to the inner wall of the protective tube.
  • the liner is formed with a varying outer diameter along its axial direction.
  • a hole-shaped mounting portion is provided on the pipe wall of the protection pipe, and the material of the liner protrudes into the hole-shaped mounting portion.
  • a distal end portion of the outer tube close to the needle is formed into a shape that tapers radially toward the needle tip.
  • the protection device further comprises an end tube fixedly connected to a distal end of the outer tube close to the needle, and one end of the protection tube is connected to the end tube.
  • the protection device further includes an end tube fixedly connected to a distal end of the outer tube close to the needle; one end of the protection tube is connected to the end
  • the pipes are connected, preferably the other end of the protection pipe is fixed with one end of the liner.
  • the liner extends from the protection tube to cover the junction of the protection tube and the end tube.
  • a stepped portion is formed on the inner wall of the end pipe, and the other end of the liner is abutted and connected to the stepped portion.
  • the outer surface of the end pipe is formed with barbs or threaded protrusions for fixing the end pipe on the inner wall of the outer pipe.
  • one end of the end pipe is formed with a flange for position-limiting, and the flange abuts on the end face of the distal end of the outer pipe.
  • the inner surface of the protective tube is provided with a lubricating coating for reducing the contact between the needle tip and the protective tube when the protective tube is bent and contacts the needle tip friction between.
  • the needle includes a first needle tube
  • the actuating member includes a second needle tube
  • the first needle tube and the second needle tube are partially sheathed to form a sheathed area, and in all A welded portion for fixed connection to each other is formed in the sheathed area by welding, and the welded portion and the end of the second needle tube located in the sheathed area are axially staggered from each other.
  • a protection device for an endoscopic surgical instrument includes a protection tube, and the tube wall of the protection tube is formed with a discontinuity of material in the axial direction of the protection tube The structure or thinned structure is wavy in said axial direction.
  • a plurality of cut grooves are formed on the pipe wall of the protection pipe, the plurality of cut grooves extend at least in the circumferential direction of the protection pipe, and are arranged in a staggered manner so as to be adjacent in the axial direction of the protection pipe
  • the cut grooves are offset from each other in the circumferential direction of the protective tube.
  • the extending direction of the plurality of cut grooves is parallel to the circumferential direction of the protection tube.
  • the width of the plurality of cutting grooves is less than or equal to 0.05 mm, and the distance between the adjacent cutting grooves in the axial direction is less than or equal to 0.2 mm.
  • the plurality of slits have the same length, and the length is greater than or equal to a quarter of the circumference of the protective tube.
  • At least one groove is formed on the outer surface of the pipe wall of the protection pipe, the thickness of the pipe wall of the protection pipe is reduced at the groove, and the at least one groove is at least on the circumference of the protection pipe extending upward, and the protective tube has a wall with a continuous, smooth inner surface.
  • the protection device further includes a liner pipe lined in the protection tube for reducing the coefficient of friction of the inner surface of the protection device.
  • the liner is made of a material with self-lubricating properties, preferably the liner is made of PEEK plastic or PI plastic.
  • the liner is fixed to the protective tube by at least a portion of its outer wall.
  • the liner and the protective tube are fixed to each other on at least one end, and at least a portion of the outer wall of the liner is relatively movable with respect to the inner wall of the protective tube.
  • the liner is formed with a varying outer diameter in the axial direction.
  • a hole-shaped mounting portion is provided on the pipe wall of the protection pipe, and the material of the liner protrudes into the hole-shaped mounting portion.
  • the protection device further comprises an end pipe, and one end of the protection pipe is connected with the end pipe.
  • the protection device further comprises an end pipe, one end of the protection pipe is connected with the end pipe, preferably the other end of the protection pipe is fixed with one end of the liner pipe.
  • the liner extends to cover the junction of the protective tube and the end tube.
  • a stepped portion is formed on the inner wall of the end pipe, and the other end of the liner is abutted and connected to the stepped portion.
  • a barb or threaded raised structure is formed on the outer surface of the end tube for securing the end tube to the inner wall of the member receiving the end tube.
  • one end of the end pipe is formed with a flange for position limiting.
  • the inner surface of the protective tube is provided with a lubricating coating for reducing the contact between the needle tip and the protective tube when the protective tube is bent and contacts the needle tip friction between.
  • a protective tube that can be positioned within the outer tube of the endoscopic surgical instrument to surround the needle tip, it is possible to help prevent the outer tube from being poked by the needle when bent.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a protection device and an endoscopic surgical instrument according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a partial enlarged view of the endoscopic surgical instrument according to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an example of the protection tube according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention used in the endoscopic surgical instrument shown in FIG. 2 , wherein a cutout is formed on the protection tube;
  • Fig. 4 is a partial enlarged view of the protection tube shown in Fig. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a modification of the protection tube shown in Figures 3 and 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of a protective tube according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention applicable to an endoscopic surgical instrument, wherein a groove is formed on the protective tube;
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of an example of a protective tube according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention applicable to an endoscopic surgical instrument, wherein a scale structure is formed on the protective tube;
  • FIG. 8 is a view taken along the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. 7 of the protection tube shown in FIG. 7;
  • FIG. 9 schematically shows a state of the protective tube shown in FIG. 7 during the formation process, wherein the scale structure has not yet deflected toward the axial center of the protective tube;
  • FIGs 10 and 11 schematically show the dimensions of the parts related to the scale structure on the protection tube shown in Figure 7;
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of an example of a protective tube according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention applicable to an endoscopic surgical instrument, wherein the protective tube has a wavy wall in the axial direction;
  • FIG. 13 is a partial enlarged view of an endoscopic surgical instrument according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a protection device used in the endoscopic surgical instrument shown in FIG. 13 , wherein the protection device includes a protection tube and an end tube;
  • Figures 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19 show different embodiments of a protection device and an endoscopic surgical instrument (partially enlarged) according to a third embodiment of the present invention, wherein the protection device includes a protection tube and a liner Tube;
  • FIG. 20 is a partial enlarged view of an endoscopic surgical instrument according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of a protection device used in the endoscopic surgical instrument shown in Figure 20, wherein the protection device includes a protection tube, a liner tube and an end tube;
  • FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of a needle assembly that may be used in an endoscopic surgical instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an endoscopic surgical instrument 10 and a protection device provided therein according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • the endoscopic surgical instrument 10 includes a needle 11 , an actuating member 12 connected to the tail of the needle 11 , and an outer tube 13 sheathed outside the needle 11 and the actuating member 12 .
  • the needle 11 is connected to the top end of the actuating member 12 , and can extend out of the outer tube 13 from the distal end 13 a of the outer tube 13 and retract into the outer tube 13 under the actuation of the actuating member 12 .
  • FIG. 1 shows a state in which the needle 11 is retracted to the inside of the outer tube 13 .
  • the needle 11 may be, for example, a puncture needle, but is not limited thereto.
  • the actuating member 12 is an inner tube, which penetrates through the outer tube 13 and can move relative to the outer tube 13 in the axial direction.
  • the actuating member 12 may also be, for example, a push rod, and the present invention is not limited in this respect.
  • the endoscopic surgical instrument 10 may further include a handle assembly 14 located at the proximal end 13b of the outer tube 13 away from the needle 11 , the handle assembly 14 is connected to the outer tube 13 and the inner tube 12 respectively, and can be used with It is used to control the advance and retreat of the inner tube 12 relative to the outer tube 13 .
  • the needle 11 , the inner tube 12 and the outer tube 13 of the endoscopic surgical instrument 10 are to be pushed into the body of the object to be diagnosed and treated.
  • the needle 11 is retracted and kept inside the outer tube 13; when the distal end of the outer tube 13 is in a bent state, the needle 11 is in the curve formed by the outer tube 13, which often punctures the inner wall of the outer tube 13, and may also injure the inner wall of the outer tube 13. cause needle damage.
  • the inventors of the present invention have noticed this problem, and proposed to further provide a protection device 100 in the endoscopic surgical instrument 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention for preventing the outer tube 13 from being punctured by the needle 11 when it is bent.
  • the protection device 100 includes a protection tube 100 a provided on the inner wall of the outer tube 13 .
  • the protective tube 100a surrounds at least the needle tip 11a of the needle 11 (see FIG. 1).
  • the protective tube 100a may be formed as a discrete annular member and fixedly or movably positioned inboard of the distal end 13a of the outer tube 13 .
  • the protective tube 100a may be adhered to the inner wall of the outer tube 13 .
  • the protective tube 100a may also be formed as part of the inner wall of the outer tube 13, for example, by physically/chemically treating the inner wall of the distal end of the outer tube (the inner wall portion surrounding the tip portion of the needle) so that this portion The hardness of the inner wall is greater than that of the other positions, thereby preventing the outer tube from being damaged by the needle tip.
  • the present invention is not limited to taking a particular form of protective tube.
  • the protection tube 100 a has a hardness greater than that of the outer tube 13 .
  • the protective tube 100a may be made of a material having a hardness greater than that of the outer tube 13 .
  • the protection tube 100a is made of a metal material, such as stainless steel, nickel-titanium alloy, and the like.
  • the wall of the protection tube 100a is formed with a discontinuous structure or thinning of material in the axial direction of the protection tube. This will be introduced below with reference to FIGS. 2 to 11 .
  • FIG. 2 is a partial enlarged view of the endoscopic surgical instrument 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 shows the protective tube according to the first embodiment of the present invention adopted in the endoscopic surgical instrument 10 shown in FIG. 2 .
  • a plurality of notches 112 are formed on the tube wall 111 of the protection tube 110 , so that the material of the tube wall 111 of the protection tube 110 is discontinuous in the axial direction of the protection tube.
  • the plurality of cut grooves 112 extend in the circumferential direction of the protection tube 110 (in the direction shown by the arrow in FIG.
  • the protective tube 110 is preferably made of metal.
  • the staggered arrangement of the notches 112 makes the protection tube 110 easier to bend and deform and has a certain resilience, thereby facilitating the protection of the needle 11 and the outer tube 13 to smoothly pass through various bends in the body of the patient to be treated.
  • a plurality of cut grooves 112 may be formed on one circle of the pipe wall 111 of the protection pipe 110 in the circumferential direction; however, the present invention is not limited to this, for example, in the circumferential direction of the pipe wall Fewer grooves can be formed on a turn, for example one or two grooves.
  • FIG. 4 is a partial enlarged view of the protection tube 110 shown in FIG. 3 ; as shown in FIG. 4 , the cutting groove 112 has a very narrow and long shape.
  • the width w of the slit 112 is less than or equal to 0.05mm, and more preferably, the width w is less than or equal to 0.03mm, which makes the inner wall of the protective tube 110 still correspond to a smooth surface relative to the size of the needle tip 11a of the needle 11 . In this way, the needle tip 11a contacts the protection tube 110 and slides on the smooth and hard inner wall of the protection tube 110 when passing through the curve, so the needle tip 11a and the outer tube 13 will not be damaged.
  • the distance between the adjacent cut grooves 112 in the axial direction is less than or equal to 0.2 mm, so that the cut grooves 112 are densely distributed in the axial direction.
  • the width w of 112 is increased. Suppressing the increase of the width w of the cut groove 112 is beneficial to maintain the smoothness of the inner wall of the protection tube 110 relative to the needle tip 11a, thereby preventing the needle tip 11a from being damaged.
  • the plurality of slits 112 can be configured to have the same length l, which is beneficial to achieve the same mechanical strength and elasticity of the protection tube 110 in all directions of the tube wall 111. There are also advantages in design and manufacturing.
  • the length l of the plurality of slits 112 is preferably equal to or greater than a quarter of the circumference of the protection tube 110 .
  • the plurality of cut grooves of the protection tube extend along the circumferential direction of the protection tube; however, the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • Figure 5 shows a modification of the protection tube 110 shown in Figures 3 and 4, the protection tube 110'.
  • the plurality of cut grooves 112 ′ of the protection tube 110 ′ not only extend in the circumferential direction but also extend in the axial direction; in other words, the extension direction of the plurality of cut grooves 112 ′ is inclined with respect to the circumferential direction of the protection tube .
  • the acute angle ⁇ formed by the extending direction of the cut groove 112' with respect to the circumferential direction of the protection tube 110' is less than or equal to 30°.
  • FIG. 6 schematically shows an example of a protection tube (protection tube 120 ) according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention applicable to the endoscopic surgical instrument 10 .
  • at least one groove 122 is formed on the outer surface of the pipe wall 121 of the protection pipe 120 , and the groove 122 extends at least in the circumferential direction of the protection pipe 120 .
  • the thickness of the tube wall 121 protecting the tube 120 at the groove 122 is reduced.
  • the groove 122 may be, for example, a continuous spiral groove, or may be, for example, a plurality of grooves arranged as shown in FIG. 4 or FIG. 5 .
  • the grooves 122 are only formed on the outer surface of the protective tube wall, and do not penetrate to the inner surface of the tube wall. In this way, the protective tube 120 having the grooves 122 can have a continuous smooth inner surface.
  • the protective tube 120 may have improved bending deformability, while the protective tube 120 may maintain a continuous .
  • the smooth inner surface is beneficial to prevent the damage of the needle tip and the outer tube.
  • protection tube 130 protection tube 130
  • Embodiment 3 of the present invention an example of a protection tube (protection tube 130 ) according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention that can be applied to the endoscopic surgical instrument 10 will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 to 11 .
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of the protection tube 130
  • FIG. 8 is a view of the protection tube 130 taken in the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. 7 .
  • a plurality of scale structures 132 are formed on the pipe wall 131 of the protection tube 130 , and each scale structure 132 is deflected to the axial center by a part of the material of the pipe wall 131 along the direction of the needle tip 11 a of the needle head 11 formed, and a plurality of scale structures 132 are arranged in a staggered manner.
  • a groove corresponding to the outline of the scale structure 132 can be engraved on the tube wall 131 of the protective tube 130 by, for example, laser engraving technology (as shown in FIG. 9 ), and then the scales are pushed inward by a special tool. Press to deflect it to a predetermined degree.
  • the scale structures 132 preferably have rounded ends, and the width D of the root of the scale structures 132 connected to the tube wall 131 is greater than the circumferential distance d of the adjacent scale structures 132 in the circumferential direction.
  • the scale structure 132 has a height h in the axial direction, and the adjacent scale structures 132a, 132b of the protection tube 130 in the axial direction have a distance H in the axial direction, preferably H is less than or equal to the scale height h. double.
  • the distance B by which the end of the scale structure 132 is deflected from the tube wall 131 to the axial center is preferably greater than the thickness b of the tube wall 131 .
  • this is not necessary, as long as the distance B that the end of the scale structure 132 is deflected from the tube wall 131 to the axial center can ensure that when the protection tube 130 bends with the outer tube 13, the deflected scale structure 132 can shield the tube wall 131 to prevent the needle tip 11a from passing through the opening area or being stuck in the opening area.
  • the protection tube 130 can prevent the needle tip or the outer tube 13 from being damaged when the outer tube 13 is bent.
  • the tube wall 131 forms a discontinuous structure of the material in the axial direction, so the protection tube 131 has better bending deformation ability, thereby The outer tube 13 can be bent more flexibly.
  • the protection tube according to the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to a discontinuous structure or a thinned structure having the above-mentioned materials.
  • the protection tube 140 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention has a tube wall 141 with a continuous material, and the tube wall 141 has a wave shape along the axial direction.
  • Such protective tube 140 may also be referred to as a "bellows-type" protective tube.
  • the wave shape of the tube wall 141 on the outer side is unfolded, so that a smooth inner surface can be formed along which the needle tip 11a is guided to slide, thereby preventing damage to the needle tip or the outer tube.
  • the endoscopic surgical instrument 10' and the protection device 200 according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 13 and 14 .
  • the endoscopic surgical instrument 10 ′ according to the second embodiment of the present invention has substantially the same structure as the endoscopic surgical instrument 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, except that: as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14
  • the protection device 200 includes a protective tube 200a and an end tube 200b; one end of the protective tube 200a is connected to the end tube 200b, and the end tube 200b is used to be fixedly connected to the endoscopic surgical instrument 10' on a distal end 13a of the outer tube 13 close to the needle 11.
  • the protection tube 200a according to the second embodiment of the present invention may be the same protection tube as the protection tube 100a of the protection device 100 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, which will not be repeated here.
  • the protection tube 200a and the end tube 200b may be integrally formed, or may be formed separately and then fixedly connected together, for example, may be connected together by welding or riveting.
  • the present invention is not limited in the specific manner in which the protection tube and the end tube are connected.
  • the two can also be fixed together by bonding or interference fit.
  • the outer surface of the end tube 200b may be formed with barb or threaded raised structures 200b-1 for securing the end tube 200b to the outer tube of the endoscopic surgical instrument 10' 13 on the inner wall.
  • one end portion of the end pipe 200b may be formed with a flange 200b-2 for positioning.
  • the flange 200b-2 serves to abut against the end face of the distal end portion 13a of the outer tube 13 when the protector 200 is assembled to the endoscopic surgical instrument 10'.
  • Such a configuration facilitates the axial positioning of the protection device 200 on the outer tube 13 .
  • FIG. 17 is a partial enlarged view of the connection structure between the protection pipe and the liner shown in FIG. 16 .
  • the endoscopic surgical instrument 10 ′′ according to the third embodiment of the present invention is different from the endoscopic surgical instrument 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention in that, as shown in FIGS. 15 to 19 , the protection device 300 except The protection tube 310 is included, and the liner tube 320 is also included.
  • the liner tube 320 is lined in the protection tube 310 to directly contact the needle tip 11a when the protection tube 310 is bent, so as to reduce friction between the needle tip 11a and the protection device 300 .
  • the protection tube 310 may adopt the protection tubes of different structures described above in conjunction with the first embodiment, or may adopt any other suitable form of protection tubes capable of protecting the needle tip.
  • the protective tube has sufficient hardness and strength to prevent being punctured by the needle tip (for example, the protective tube is made of metal), in order to The protective tube is easily bent and deformed to protect the needle and the outer tube to smoothly pass through various bends in the body of the object being diagnosed and treated, and the tube wall of the protective tube is processed to form a compliant structure.
  • the frictional force between the protective tube wall and the needle tip after processing may increase.
  • the material of the protective tube itself may cause relatively high friction with the needle tip. Greater friction may cause damage to the needle tip.
  • the inventors of the present invention found such a problem, and further proposed to provide a liner 320 for reducing friction in the protection tube 310 .
  • the liner 320 may be made of a material with self-lubricating properties.
  • Self-lubricating materials simply put, refer to materials that do not require external lubricants and can exhibit low friction and low wear properties during relative friction.
  • Plastic-based self-lubricating materials are widely used, such as polyamide, fluoroplastic, polyoxymethylene, polycarbonate, high-density polyethylene, polysulfone, polyarylsulfone, polyimide, polyphenylene sulfide, and phenolic plastics.
  • the liner tube 320 is preferably made of PEEK (polyetheretherketone) plastic. Or PI (polyimide) plastic. At the same time, PEEK (polyetheretherketone) plastic or PI (polyimide) plastic also meets the safety requirements for endoscopic surgery.
  • PEEK polyetheretherketone
  • PI polyimide
  • the liner 320 can be lined in the protection tube 310 in different ways, for example, it can be integrally fitted/connected to the inner wall of the protection tube 310, or connected to the inner wall of the protection tube 310 through a portion of its outer wall, or through other connections
  • the structure is connected to the protection tube 310 and enables the liner tube 320 to be nested within the protection tube 310 .
  • the liner tube 320 may be completely within the length of the protection tube 310, or may extend beyond the length of the protection tube 310 at one or both ends, and the present invention is not limited in this respect.
  • the liner 320 and the protection tube 310 are fixed to each other on at least one end, and at least a portion of the outer wall of the liner 320 is relatively movable with respect to the inner wall of the protection tube 310 .
  • the protection tube 310 and the liner tube 320 can each have a greater degree of freedom of movement, so that they can be bent and deformed more easily.
  • the endoscopic surgical instrument 10 ′′ includes a protection device 300A, and the liner tube 320 of the protection device 300A is fixed on the protection tube 310 through a part of its outer wall.
  • the ends of the protection tube 310 and the liner tube 320 are fixedly connected to each other at the ends indicated by the dotted lines in the figure.
  • the fixed connection can be realized by means of, for example, bonding or a connection formed by injection molding.
  • the liner 320 may be formed with a varying outer diameter along its axial direction. In this way, a gap can be formed between the liner tube 320 and the protection tube 310, so that the two can be deformed more independently, so that they can be more easily bent.
  • the liner 320 has a larger outer diameter at one end indicated by the dashed lines, and a relatively smaller outer diameter at other portions. Between the larger outer diameter part and the smaller outer diameter part, the outer diameter can be gradually transitioned, and the outer diameter abrupt step can also be formed.
  • the length of the liner tube 320 in the axial direction may slightly exceed the protection tube 310 , so that the liner tube 320 covers the inner wall of the protection tube 310 .
  • the liner tube 320 may also be shorter in length than the protection tube 310 .
  • the endoscopic surgical instrument 10 ′′ includes a protection device 300B, which is basically the same as the protection device 300A shown in FIG. 15 , except that the liner tube 320 and the protection tube 310 connection structure is different.
  • a hole-shaped mounting portion 311 is provided on the pipe wall of the protection pipe 310 , and the material of the liner pipe 320 protrudes into the hole-shaped mounting portion 311 , so that the protection pipe 310 is connected to the hole-shaped mounting portion 311 .
  • a fixed connection is formed between the liners 320 .
  • the outer wall of the liner 320 may be pre-formed with protrusions corresponding to the hole-shaped mounting portion 311 , and in the process of installing the liner 320 into the protection pipe 310 , these protrusions protrude into the hole-shaped mounting portion 311 through elastic deformation middle.
  • the material of the liner tube 320 may be filled into the hole-shaped mounting portion 311 of the protection tube 310 by means of extrusion deformation.
  • the method of extrusion connection is simpler, and the connection formed by the plastic deformation of the material after extrusion is stronger when the tube wall of the protection tube 310 is thin.
  • the material of the liner 320 may also be heated while extrusion to promote plastic deformation. This strengthens the connection strength between the liner tube 320 and the protection tube 310 .
  • the number of the hole-shaped mounting parts 311 is not limited as long as the required connection strength can be achieved.
  • the hole-shaped mounting portion 311 is located at or near the end of the protection tube 310 so as to perform a pressing operation on the inner liner 320 .
  • the liner tube 320 shown above in FIGS. 15-17 is connected to the protection tube 310 at the end indicated by the dashed line, it should be understood that the present invention is not so limited.
  • the liner 320 may be connected to the protection tube 310 by a section of the tube wall in the middle, or the protection tube 310 may be connected to the protection tube 310 over the entire length where the protection tube 310 and the liner 320 overlap each other.
  • the liner tube 320 may be connected to the protection tube 310 on both ends by its outer walls.
  • both ends of the protection tube 310 of the protection device 300C may be provided with hole-shaped mounting portions 311 , and the material of both ends of the liner tube 320 protrudes into the hole-shaped mounting portions 311 .
  • Fig. 19 shows another embodiment, the endoscopic surgical instrument 10" according to this embodiment is different from the endoscopic surgical instrument 10" shown in Figs. 15-18 mainly in that: in the embodiment shown in Fig. 19, The distal end portion 13a' of the outer tube 13, which is close to the needle tip 11a, is formed in a shape that tapers toward the radial direction of the needle tip 11a.
  • the "radially tapered shape” refers not to the rounded portion formed by the chamfering of the end portion, but to the radial tapering of the end portion 13a' of the outer tube 13 to form a truncated cone shape.
  • This shape of the distal end portion 13a' of the outer tube 13 facilitates forming an inwardly protruding (inner diameter-reduced) portion on the inner wall to abut against one end of the protection tube 310 and the liner tube 320, thereby helping to fix the protection tube 310 and liner 320.
  • the protective tube 310 and/or the liner tube 320 may only abut the inwardly protruding portion, or may be further secured thereto, eg, by gluing.
  • FIG. 20 is a partial enlarged view of the endoscopic surgical instrument 10"', in which the protection is shown Device 400 .
  • Figure 21 shows the protection device 400 alone.
  • the protection device 400 includes an end pipe 430 in addition to the protection pipe 410 and the liner pipe 420 .
  • the end tube 430 is fixedly connected to a distal end portion 13 a of the outer tube 13 near the needle 11 , and one end of the protection tube 410 is connected to the end tube 430 .
  • the protective tube 410 may be secured to the liner tube 420 at the other end thereof.
  • the outer surface of the end pipe 430 may be formed with barbs or threaded protrusion structures for fixing the end pipe 430 on the inner wall of the outer pipe 13 .
  • One end portion of the end pipe 430 may be formed with a flange 430a for positioning, and the flange 430a may abut against the end surface of the distal end portion 13a of the outer pipe 13, thereby helping the end pipe 430 to be positioned axially.
  • one end of the protection tube 410 abuts one end of the end tube 430 and can be connected to each other by, for example, welding.
  • the present invention is not so limited.
  • the end tube 430 may be partially sleeved outside the protection tube 410 and connected to the protection tube 410 at the end of the end tube 430 by eg welding.
  • the liner tube 420 extends from the protection tube 410 to cover the connection between the protection tube 410 and the end tube 430 (see the position indicated by the dotted line in FIG. 21 ).
  • the junction between the protection tube 410 and the end tube 430 may have an uneven surface, and the liner tube 420 extends to cover the junction to prevent the needle tip from being scratched and damaged there.
  • the liner 420 may be secured to the inner wall of the end tube 430, such as by bonding.
  • a stepped portion 430b may be formed on the inner wall of the end pipe 430, and one end of the liner pipe 420 abuts against the stepped portion 430a.
  • the stepped portion 430b does not exceed the liner tube 420 in the radially inward direction, and can also be flush with the liner tube 420 to avoid the needle tip 11a colliding with the stepped portion 430 and causing damage to the needle tip.
  • a gap is formed between the outer wall of the liner tube 420 and the inner wall of the end tube 430, so that the two can be deformed more flexibly, so as to be easier to bend.
  • a protective tube with a lubricating coating on the inner surface can also be used, wherein the lubricating coating is used to bend and contact the needle tip when the protective tube is bent reduce the friction between the needle tip and the protective tube.
  • the lubricating coating can be formed on the inner surface of the protective tube by physical/chemical means, such as by electroplating, spraying, heat treatment, etc.
  • the lubricating coating can be formed of, for example, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), diamond-like carbon (DLC) and other materials.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • DLC diamond-like carbon
  • FIG. 22 is a partial enlarged view of the needle tube assembly.
  • the needle assembly shown in Figure 22 includes a first needle and a second needle.
  • the first needle tube is the needle tube 11A included in the needle 11
  • the second needle tube is the needle tube 12A included in the actuator/inner tube 12 .
  • the first needle tube 11A and the second needle tube 12A are partially sheathed to form a sheathing area 15, and a welding portion 15a for fixed connection to each other is formed in the sheathing area 15 by welding.
  • the welding portion 15a and the end portion 12A-1 of the second needle tube 12A located in the sheath region 15 are axially offset from each other.
  • needles used in endoscopic surgical instruments especially needles used as puncture needles, to have superelastic properties, so that they can deform flexibly with external force and restore their shape when there is no external force.
  • Needles made of nickel-titanium alloys are excellent in this regard and are especially suitable for use as puncture needles.
  • the needle 11 made of nickel-titanium alloy is welded to the actuator/inner tube 12, the nickel-titanium alloy is easily oxidized due to heat at the welded part, thus becoming brittle and easy to break during bending.
  • the welding portion 15a and the end portion 12A-1 of the second needle tube 12A are offset from each other in the axial direction, it can be ensured that both sides of the welding portion 15a in the axial direction are protected by the first The second needle tube 12A is covered, so that the first needle tube 11A can be protected by the mechanical strength of the second needle tube 12A, so that the first needle tube 11A is prevented from being broken due to excessive bending at the welding portion 15a.
  • the distances staggered from each other may be not less than a certain multiple, such as 2 times, of the outer diameter of the first needle tube 11A.
  • the welding portion 15a and the second needle tube 12A may be staggered by a certain length, such as 1 mm.
  • the first needle tube 11A and the second needle tube 12A are connected together by forming the welding portion 15a by ultrasonic welding or laser welding.

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Abstract

一种内窥镜手术器械（10），包括：针头（11）、促动件（12）以及外管（13），针头（11）能够在促动件（12）的促动作用下伸出外管（13）以及回退到外管（13）中，内窥镜手术器械（10）还包括用于防止外管（13）在弯曲时被针头（11）戳伤的保护装置（100），保护装置（100）包括设置在外管（13）的内壁上的保护管（100a），当针头（11）回退到外管（13）中时，保护管（100a）至少围绕针头（11）的针尖（11a）。

Description

内窥镜手术器械以及用于其的保护装置 技术领域
本发明涉及内窥镜下诊治用的医疗器械，特别是涉及一种带针头的内窥镜手术器械以及用于其的保护装置。
背景技术
目前市场上的带针头(例如穿刺针)的内窥镜手术器械，在针头附近几乎都没有用于保护针尖和/或套设在针头外部的外管的结构设计，从而针头在经过较大的弯道时针尖会戳到外管，导致针尖卷边、变钝，穿刺受阻甚至无法出针，还可能导致戳破外管，甚至划伤内窥镜。
故而，亟待开发一种新型的带针头的内窥镜手术器械，其中设置有针头/外管保护装置，从而在针头经过弯道时可以有效地保护针尖和/或外管，又可以轻松通过弯道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种内窥镜手术器械以及用于其的保护装置，其至少部分地解决了在针头经过弯道时保护针尖以及/或者外管不受损的问题。
根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种内窥镜手术器械，其包括：针头、连接于针头尾部的促动件以及套设在针头和促动件外部的外管，所述针头能够在促动件的促动作用下伸出外管以及回退到外管中，其中，所述内窥镜手术器械还包括用于防止外管在弯曲时被针头戳伤的保护装置，所述保护装置包括设置在所述外管的内壁上的保护管，当所述针头回退到外管中时，所述保护管至少围绕所述针头的针尖。
优选地，所述保护管由硬度大于外管的材料制成，优选所述保护管由金属材料制成。
优选地，所述保护管的管壁在保护管轴向的方向上形成有材料的 不连续结构或减薄结构或沿所述轴向方向呈波浪形状。
优选地，所述保护管的管壁上形成有多个切槽，所述多个切槽至少在所述保护管的周向上延伸，并且交错布置以使得保护管轴向上相邻的切槽在周向上彼此错位。
在一些优选的实施例中，所述保护装置还包括衬管，所述衬管内衬于所述保护管之中以在所述保护管弯曲时直接接触所述针尖，用于减小所述针尖与保护装置之间的摩擦。
优选地，所述衬管由具备自润滑性的材料制成，优选所述衬管由PEEK塑料或PI塑料制成。
优选地，所述衬管通过其外壁的至少一部分固定在所述保护管上。
优选地，所述衬管和所述保护管在至少一个端部上彼此固定，并且所述衬管的至少一部分外壁相对于所述保护管的内壁是可相对活动的。
优选地，所述衬管形成为沿其轴向具有变化的外径。
优选地，所述保护管的管壁上设置有孔形安装部，并且所述衬管的材料突入所述孔形安装部中。
优选地，所述外管的靠近针头的一远端端部形成为沿所述针尖的朝向径向逐渐收缩的形状。
在一些有利的实施例中，所述保护装置还包括一端管，所述端管固定连接至所述外管的靠近针头的一远端端部上，所述保护管的一端与端管相连。
在另一些有利的实施例中，所述保护装置还包括一端管，所述端管固定连接至所述外管的靠近针头的一远端端部上；所述保护管的一端与所述端管相连，优选地所述保护管的另一端与所述衬管的一端固定。
优选地，所述衬管自所述保护管延伸至覆盖所述保护管与所述端管的连接处。
优选地，所述端管的内壁上形成有台阶部，并且所述衬管的另一端抵接并连接至所述台阶部。
优选地，所述端管的外表面上形成有倒刺或螺纹凸起结构，用于将端管固定在外管的内壁上。
优选地，所述端管的一个端部形成有用于限位的凸缘，并且所述凸缘抵靠在外管的所述远端端部的端面上。
在一些有利的实施例中，所述保护管的内表面具备润滑涂层，所述润滑涂层用于在所述保护管弯曲并接触所述针尖时减小所述针尖与所述保护管之间的摩擦。
在一些有利的实施例中，所述针头包括第一针管，所述促动件包括第二针管，所述第一针管与所述第二针管部分地套设，形成套设区域，并且在所述套设区域内通过焊接形成用于彼此固定连接的焊接部，所述焊接部与所述第二针管位于所述套设区域的端部在轴向上彼此错开。
根据本发明的另一个方面，提供了一种用于内窥镜手术器械的保护装置，所述保护装置包括保护管，保护管的管壁在保护管轴向的方向上形成有材料的不连续结构或减薄结构或沿所述轴向方向呈波浪形状。
优选地，所述保护管的管壁上形成有多个切槽，所述多个切槽至少在所述保护管的周向上延伸，并且交错布置，使得在所述保护管轴向上相邻的切槽在保护管的周向上是彼此错位的。
优选地，所述多个切槽的延伸方向平行于所述保护管的周向。
优选地，所述多个切槽的宽度小于等于0.05mm，并且轴向上相邻的切槽在所述轴向上的间距小于等于0.2mm。
优选地，所述多个切槽具有相同的长度，并且所述长度大于等于保护管的周长的四分之一。
优选地，所述保护管的管壁的外表面上形成有至少一个凹槽，在所述凹槽处保护管的管壁厚度减薄，所述至少一个凹槽至少在所述保护管的周向上延伸，并且所述保护管的管壁具有连续、光滑的内表面。
在一些有利的实施例中，所述保护装置还包括衬管，所述衬管内衬于所述保护管之中，用于减小所述保护装置的内表面的摩擦系数。
优选地，所述衬管由具备自润滑性的材料制成，优选所述衬管由PEEK塑料或PI塑料制成。
优选地，所述衬管通过其外壁的至少一部分固定在所述保护管上。
优选地，所述衬管和所述保护管在至少一个端部上彼此固定，并 且所述衬管的至少一部分外壁相对于所述保护管的内壁是可相对活动的。
优选地，所述衬管形成为沿轴向具有变化的外径。
优选地，所述保护管的管壁上设置有孔形安装部，并且所述衬管的材料突入所述孔形安装部中。
在一些有利的实施例中，所述保护装置还包括一端管，所述保护管的一端与端管相连。
在另一些有利的实施例中，所述保护装置还包括一端管，所述保护管的一端与所述端管相连，优选地所述保护管的另一端与所述衬管的一端固定。
优选地，所述衬管延伸至覆盖所述保护管与所述端管的连接处。
优选地，所述端管的内壁上形成有台阶部，并且所述衬管的另一端抵接并连接至所述台阶部。
优选地，所述端管的外表面上形成有倒刺或螺纹凸起结构，用于将端管固定至接收端管的构件的内壁上。
优选地，所述端管的一个端部形成有用于限位的凸缘。
在一些有利的实施例中，所述保护管的内表面具备润滑涂层，所述润滑涂层用于在所述保护管弯曲并接触所述针尖时减小所述针尖与所述保护管之间的摩擦。
根据本发明实施例，通过提供可设置在内窥镜手术器械外管内以围绕针尖的保护管，可以帮助防止外管在弯曲时被针头戳伤。
附图说明
通过阅读参照以下附图所作的对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述，本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显：
图1是根据本发明第一实施方式的保护装置和内窥镜手术器械的结构示意图；
图2是根据本发明实施例一的内窥镜手术器械的局部放大图；
图3是图2所示内窥镜手术器械中采用的、根据本发明实施例一的保护管的一个示例的立体图，其中保护管上形成有切槽；
图4是图3所示保护管的局部放大图；
图5是图3和图4所示保护管的一个变形例；
图6是可应用于内窥镜手术器械的、根据本发明实施例二的保护管的一个示例的示意性剖视图，其中保护管上形成有凹槽；
图7是可应用于内窥镜手术器械的、根据本发明实施例三的保护管的一个示例的立体视图，其中保护管上形成有鳞片结构；
图8是图7所示保护管沿图7中箭头所示方向获得的视图；
图9示意性地示出了图7所示保护管在形成过程中的一个状态，其中鳞片结构尚未向保护管轴心偏折；
图10和图11示意性地示出图7所示保护管上的鳞片结构相关的部分尺寸；
图12为可应用于内窥镜手术器械的、根据本发明实施例四的保护管的一个示例的示意图，其中保护管具有沿轴向呈波浪形状的管壁；
图13为根据本发明第二实施方式的内窥镜手术器械的局部放大图；以及
图14为图13所示内窥镜手术器械中采用的保护装置的示意图，其中该保护装置包括保护管和端管；
图15、图16、图17、图18和图19示出了根据本发明第三实施方式的保护装置和内窥镜手术器械(局部放大)的不同实施例，其中保护装置包括保护管和衬管；
图20为根据本发明第四实施方式的内窥镜手术器械的局部放大图；
图21为图20所示内窥镜手术器械中采用的保护装置的示意图，其中该保护装置包括保护管、衬管和端管；
图22为可应用于根据本发明实施方式的内窥镜手术器械中的针管组件的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本申请作进一步的详细说明。可以理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释相关发明，而非对该发明的限定。另外还需要说明的是，为了便于描述，附图中仅示出了与发明相关的部分。
在本发明中，术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“前”、“后”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”、“中”、“竖直”、“水平”、“横向”、“纵向”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系。这些术语主要是为了更好地描述本发明及其实施例，并非用于限定所指示的装置、元件或组成部分必须具有特定方位，或以特定方位进行构造和操作。
图1是根据本发明第一实施方式的内窥镜手术器械10和设置于其中的保护装置的结构示意图。
如图1所示，内窥镜手术器械10包括针头11、连接于针头11尾部的促动件12以及套设在针头11和促动件12外部的外管13。针头11与促动件12的顶端连接，可在促动件12的促动作用下从外管13的远端端部13a伸出外管13以及回退到外管13中。图1示出了针头11回退到外管13内部的状态。
针头11例如可以为穿刺针，但是不限于此。在图1所示示例中，促动件12为一内管，其贯穿于外管13中，能够相对于外管13沿轴向移动。在其它示例中，促动件12也可以为例如推杆，而本发明在这方面不受限制。如图1所示，内窥镜手术器械10还可以包括位于外管13的远离针头11的近端端部13b的手柄组件14，手柄组件14与外管13和内管12分别连接，可以用于操纵内管12相对于外管13的进退动作。
内窥镜手术器械10在使用时，其针头11、内管12和外管13要被推送到被诊治对象的体内。在推送过程中，针头11回退保持在外管13内部；在外管13的远端端部处于弯曲状态时，针头11处在外管13形成的弯道中，经常会戳伤外管13内壁，还可能导致针头损坏。本发明的发明人注意到这一问题，并提出在根据本发明实施例的内窥镜手术器械10中进一步设置用于防止外管13在弯曲时被针头11戳伤的保护装置100。
根据本发明第一实施方式，保护装置100包括设置在外管13内壁上的保护管100a。当针头11回退到外管13中时，保护管100a至少围绕针头11的针尖11a(见图1)。
在一些实现方式中，保护管100a可以形成为分立的环状构件，并且被固定地或者可移动地定位在外管13的远端端部13a的内侧。例如， 保护管100a可以被粘接在外管13的内壁上。在另一些实现方式中，保护管100a也可以形成为外管13内壁的一部分，例如通过对外管远端端部的内壁(围绕针头的针尖部分的内壁部分)进行物理/化学处理以使得该部分内壁的硬度大于其它位置的内壁，从而防止外管免受针尖的损伤。本发明并不限于采用特定形式的保护管。
保护管100a具有大于外管13的硬度。例如，保护管100a可以由硬度大于外管13的材料制成。优选地，保护管100a由金属材料制成，例如不锈钢、镍钛合金等。
在一些有利的实施例中，保护管100a的管壁在保护管轴向的方向上形成有材料的不连续结构或减薄结构。对此以下将结合图2至图11来介绍。
图2是根据本发明实施例一的内窥镜手术器械10的局部放大图，图3示出了图2所示内窥镜手术器械10中采用的、根据本发明实施例一的保护管的一个示例(保护管110)的立体图。如图3中更清楚地示出的，保护管110的管壁111上形成有多个切槽112，从而使得保护管110的管壁111的材料在保护管的轴向上是不连续的。该多个切槽112在保护管110的周向(如图3中箭头所示方向)上延伸，并且交错布置，使得在保护管110轴向上相邻的切槽(例如图3中所示切槽112a、112b)在保护管110的周向上是彼此错位的。保护管110优选是金属制成的。交错布置的切槽112使得保护管110更容易弯曲变形并且具有一定的回弹性，从而有利于保护针头11和外管13顺利在被诊治对象的体内通过各种弯道。
在图3所示示例中，在保护管110的管壁111的沿周向的一圈上可以形成有多个切槽112；然而，本发明并不限于此，例如在管壁沿周向的一圈上可以形成更少的切槽，例如一个或者两个切槽。
图4是图3所示保护管110的局部放大图；如图4所示，切槽112具有十分狭长的形状。优选切槽112的宽度w小于等于0.05mm，更优选宽度w小于等于0.03mm，这使得保护管110的内壁相对于针头11的针尖11a的尺寸而言仍然相当于一个光滑表面。这样，在经过弯道的过程中，针尖11a接触到保护管110，并在保护管110光滑而坚硬的内壁上滑动，因此不会损伤针尖11a，也不会戳伤外管13。
优选地，轴向上相邻的切槽112在轴向上的间距小于等于0.2mm，从而使得切槽112在轴向上是较为密布的。这一方面有利于增大保护管110的柔性，使之更容易随外管13弯曲，另一方面有利于抑制保护管110在弯曲时位于外侧(远离弯曲的中心的一侧)的各个切槽112的宽度w的增大。抑制切槽112的宽度w增大，有利于保持保护管110的内壁相对于针尖11a的光滑度，从而防止针尖11a受损伤。
此外，如图3和图4所示，多个切槽112可以构造为具有相同的长度l，这有利于实现保护管110在管壁111的各个方向上的相同机械强度和弹性等性能，在设计制造方面也具有优势。多个切槽112的长度l优选大于等于保护管110的周长的四分之一。
图2至图4所示示例中，保护管的多个切槽沿着保护管的周向延伸；然而，本发明并不限于此。图5示出了图3和图4所示保护管110的一个变形例，保护管110’。如图5所示，保护管110’的多个切槽112’不仅在周向上延伸还在轴向上延伸；换句话说，多个切槽112’的延伸方向相对于保护管的周向倾斜。优选地，如图5所示，切槽112’延伸的方向相对于保护管110’的周向所成的锐角θ小于等于30°。
图6示意性地示出了可应用于内窥镜手术器械10的、根据本发明实施例二的保护管的一个示例(保护管120)。如图所示，保护管120的管壁121的外表面上形成有至少一个凹槽122，凹槽122至少在保护管120的周向上延伸。在凹槽122处保护管120的管壁121的厚度减薄。凹槽122可以是例如一个连续的螺旋槽，也可以是例如具有如图4或图5所示布置的多个凹槽。相对于切槽112、112’，凹槽122仅仅形成在保护管管壁的外表面上，而并不贯通至管壁的内表面。这样，具有凹槽122的保护管120可以具有连续光滑的内表面。
由于保护管120的外表面上形成有减薄管壁材料的凹槽122，并且凹槽至少在周向上延伸，所以保护管120可以具有改善的弯曲变形能力，而同时保护管120可以保持有连续、光滑的内表面，有利于防止针尖与外管的损伤。
接下来将参照图7至图11介绍可应用于内窥镜手术器械10的、根据本发明实施例三的保护管的一个示例(保护管130)。
图7是保护管130的示意性立体图，图8是沿图7中箭头所示方 向获得的保护管130视图。
如图7和图8所示，保护管130的管壁131上形成有多个鳞片结构132，每一个鳞片结构132由管壁131的一部分材料沿针头11的针尖11a的方向向轴心偏折而形成，并且多个鳞片结构132交错布置。
保护管130在制作时，可以例如采用激光雕刻技术在保护管130的管壁131上雕刻出对应于鳞片结构132轮廓的切槽(如图9所示)，然后用专用工装将鳞片向内推压以使之发生预定程度偏折。
如图10所示，鳞片结构132优选具有圆滑的末端，并且鳞片结构132与管壁131相连的根部的宽度D大于周向上相邻的鳞片结构132在周向上的距离d。
此外，如图10所示，鳞片结构132沿轴向具有高度h，并且保护管130的轴向上相邻的鳞片结构132a、132b在轴向上具有间距H，优选H小于等于鳞片高度h的两倍。
此外，如图11所示，鳞片结构132的末端由管壁131向轴心偏折的距离B优选大于管壁131的厚度b。然而，这并不是必须的，只要鳞片结构132的末端由管壁131向轴心偏折的距离B能够保证当保护管130随着外管13弯曲时，偏折的鳞片结构132能够遮蔽管壁131上的开口区域，从而防止针尖11a穿过开口区域或者被卡在开口区域。
根据本发明第三实施例，尽管保护管130的内壁并不是光滑表面，但是由于这样的保护管130在弯曲时，位于外侧的保护管管壁上的鳞片会遮蔽开口区域并且在沿着针尖11a的方向上不会对针尖11a形成阻挡，所以保护管130能够防止外管13弯曲时针尖或外管13受损伤。
同时，由于管壁131的一部分材料被切割并向轴心偏转，换句话书，管壁131在轴向上形成了材料的不连续结构，所以保护管131具有更好的弯曲变形能力，从而能更灵活地随着外管13弯曲。
以上结合图2至图11介绍了保护管管壁在轴向上形成有材料的不连续结构或减薄结构的不同实施例。然而，应该理解的是，根据本发明实施例的保护管并不限于具有上述材料的不连续结构或减薄结构。例如，如图12所示的根据本发明实施例四的保护管140，其具有材料连续的管壁141，该管壁141沿轴向呈波浪形状。这样的保护管140也可以称为“波纹管式”保护管。当波纹管式保护管140随外管弯曲 时，位于外侧的管壁141的波浪形状会被展开，使得能够形成引导针尖11a沿其滑行的光滑内表面，从而防止针尖或外管受损伤。
下面结合图13和图14介绍根据本发明第二实施方式的内窥镜手术器械10’和保护装置200。
根据本发明第二实施方式的内窥镜手术器械10’与根据本发明第一实施方式的内窥镜手术器械10具有基本上相同的结构，不同之处在于：如图13和图14所示，内窥镜手术器械10’中，保护装置200除了包括保护管200a，还包括一端管200b；保护管200a的一端与端管200b相连，而端管200b用于固定连接至内窥镜手术器械10’的外管13的靠近针头11的一远端端部13a上。
根据本发明第二实施方式的保护管200a可以是与根据本发明第一实施方式的保护装置100的保护管100a相同的保护管，在此不再赘述。
保护管200a与端管200b可以一体形成，也可以分开形成之后被固定连接在一起，例如可以通过焊接或者铆接连接在一起。当然，本发明在保护管和端管连接的具体方式方面不受限制。例如，两者之间也可以通过粘接或者过盈配合的方式固定在一起。
参见图14，在有利的实施例中，端管200b的外表面上可以形成有倒刺或螺纹凸起结构200b-1，用于将端管200b固定在内窥镜手术器械10’的外管13的内壁上。
此外，如图13和图14所示，端管200b的一个端部可以形成有用于限位的凸缘200b-2。当保护装置200被装配到内窥镜手术器械10’时，凸缘200b-2用于抵靠在外管13的远端端部13a的端面上。这样的结构有助于保护装置200在外管13上的轴向定位。
接下来，结合图15至图19介绍根据本发明第三实施方式的内窥镜手术器械10”和保护装置300，其中，图15、图16、图18和图19分别示出了不同的实施例，图17为图16所示保护管与衬管连接结构的局部放大图。
在根据本发明第三实施方式的内窥镜手术器械10”与根据本发明第一实施方式的内窥镜手术器械10的不同之处在于：如图15至图19所示，保护装置300除了包括保护管310，还包括衬管320，衬管320 内衬于保护管310之中以在保护管310弯曲时直接接触针尖11a，用于减小针尖11a与保护装置300之间的摩擦。
这里，保护管310可以采用以上结合第一实施方式所介绍的不同结构的保护管，也可以采用能够实现保护针尖作用的任何其它合适形式的保护管。
从以上结合本发明第一实施方式介绍的保护管的多个实施例中可以看到，在保护管具有足以防止被针尖戳穿的硬度和强度的前提下(例如保护管由金属制成)，为了使保护管容易弯曲变形以保护针头和外管顺利在被诊治对象的体内通过各种弯道，保护管的管壁被加工以形成顺应性结构。加工之后的保护管管壁与针尖之间的摩擦力可能增大。在另一些情况下，保护管的材料本身可能就造成其与针尖之间的摩擦力比较大。较大的摩擦力可能会造成对针尖的损伤。本发明的发明人发现这样的问题，并进一步提出在保护管310中设置用于减小摩擦的衬管320。
优选地，衬管320可以由具备自润滑性的材料制成。自润滑性材料，简单地说，是指不需外加润滑剂，在相对摩擦时能表现出低摩擦和低磨损性能的材料。塑料基自润滑材料应用得比较广泛，如聚酰胺、氟塑料、聚甲醛、聚碳酸酯、高密度聚乙烯、聚砜、聚芳砜、聚酰亚胺、聚苯硫醚以及酚醛塑料等。考虑到为了防止针尖戳穿衬管320，除了保护管310在外侧的支撑作用以外，还需要衬管320本身具有一定的机械强度和表面硬度，所以衬管320优选由PEEK(聚醚醚酮)塑料或PI(聚酰亚胺)塑料制成。同时，PEEK(聚醚醚酮)塑料或PI(聚酰亚胺)塑料也满足内窥镜手术的安全性要求。然而，应该理解，本发明并不限于此，衬管也可以由满足要求的任何其它类型的材料制成。
衬管320可以以不同的方式内衬于保护管310中，例如可以整体地贴合/连接在保护管310的内壁上，或者通过其外壁的一部分与保护管310的内壁连接，或者通过其它连接结构与保护管310连接并使得衬管320套设在保护管310内。应该理解的是，衬管320可以完全位于保护管310的长度范围内，也可以在一端或者两端延伸超出保护管310的长度范围，本发明在此方面不受限制。
优选地，衬管320和保护管310在至少一个端部上彼此固定，并且衬管320的至少一部分外壁相对于保护管310的内壁是可相对活动的。这样，在保护管310和衬管320顺应于外管13的弯曲而弯曲时，保护管310和衬管320可以各自具备更大的活动自由度，从而能够更为容易地弯曲变形。
以下参照图15-19结合不同实施例更加详细地介绍内窥镜手术器械10”和保护装置300。
在图15所示实施例中，内窥镜手术器械10”包括保护装置300A，保护装置300A的衬管320通过其外壁的一部分固定在保护管310上。具体而言，如图15所示，保护管310与衬管320在图中虚线所标示出的端部彼此固定连接。该固定连接可以通过例如粘接或者通过注塑所形成的连结等方式来实现。
优选地，衬管320可以形成为沿其轴向具有变化的外径。这样衬管320与保护管310之间可以形成间隙，使得两者能够更加独立地发生形变，从而更加容易弯曲。在图15所示示例中，衬管320在虚线所标示的一端具有较大的外径，而在其它部分具有相对较小的外径。在较大外径部分和较小外径部分之间可以以外径渐变的部分过渡，也可以形成外径突变的台阶。
如图15所示，衬管320在轴向上的长度可以略超过保护管310，从而使得衬管320覆盖保护管310的内壁。在其它实施例或示例中，衬管320也可以比保护管310的长度短。
在图16及图17所示实施例中，内窥镜手术器械10”包括保护装置300B，保护装置300B与图15所示保护装置300A基本上相同，不同之处在于衬管320与保护管310的连接结构不同。
如图17的局部放大图所示，保护装置300B中，保护管310的管壁上设置有孔形安装部311，并且衬管320的材料突入孔形安装部311中，从而在保护管310与衬管320之间形成固定连接。仅作为示例，衬管320的外壁可以预先形成有对应于孔形安装部311的凸起，在将衬管320安装进入保护管310的过程中，这些凸起通过弹性变形突入孔形安装部311中。
作为替代并且优选地，衬管320的材料可以通过挤压变形的方式 被填充到保护管310的孔形安装部311中。相比于在衬管320上预先形成凸起，挤压连接的方式更加简单，而且在保护管310的管壁较薄的情况下挤压后材料的塑形变形所形成的连接更加牢固。此外，在挤压填充的情况下，还可以在挤压的同时对衬管320的材料进行加热，促进发生塑性变形。这样加强了衬管320与保护管310之间的连接强度。孔形安装部311的数量不限，只要能够实现所需的连接强度。此外，优选孔形安装部311位于或靠近保护管310的端部，以便对内侧的衬管320进行挤压操作。
尽管以上图15至图17中所示衬管320在虚线所标示的一端连接至保护管310，但是应该理解，本发明不限于此。例如，衬管320可以通过中间位置的一段管壁与保护管310相连，或者在保护管310和衬管320彼此重叠的整个长度上与保护管310相连。又例如，在图18所示实施例中，衬管320可以在两端上均通过其外壁连接至保护管310。仅作为示例而非限制性的，如图18所示，保护装置300C的保护管310的两端可以均设置有孔形安装部311，并且衬管320的两端材料突入孔形安装部311中。
图19示出另一实施例，根据该实施例的内窥镜手术器械10”与图15～18所示内窥镜手术器械10”的不同之处主要在于：图19所示实施例中，外管13的靠近针尖11a的远端端部13a’形成为沿针尖11a的朝向径向逐渐收缩的形状。这里，应该注意，“径向逐渐收缩的形状”指的并不是由于端部倒角形成的圆角部分，而是指外管13的端部13a’径向逐渐收缩形成圆台形。外管13的远端端部13a’的这种形状有利于在内壁形成向内凸起(内径变小)的部分，以与保护管310及衬管320的一端抵接，从而帮助固定保护管310及衬管320。保护管310以及/或者衬管320可以仅仅抵接所述向内凸起的部分，也可以例如通过粘接与之进一步固定。
以下参照图20和图21介绍根据本发明第四实施方式的内窥镜手术器械10”’和保护装置400。图20是内窥镜手术器械10”’的局部放大图，其中示出了保护装置400。为了清楚起见，图21则单独示出了保护装置400。
根据本发明第四实施方式，如图20和图21所示，保护装置400 除了保护管410、衬管420外，还包括端管430。端管430固定连接至外管13的靠近针头11的一远端端部13a上，保护管410的一端与端管430相连。在图示示例中，保护管410可以在其另一端与衬管420固定。
优选地，端管430的外表面上可以形成有倒刺或螺纹凸起结构，用于将端管430固定在外管13的内壁上。端管430的一个端部可以形成有用于限位的凸缘430a，该凸缘430a可以抵靠在外管13的远端端部13a的端面上，从而帮助端管430轴向定位。
在图20和图21所示有利的示例中，保护管410的一端与端管430的一端相抵靠并可以通过例如焊接彼此连接。然而，应该理解，本发明并不限于此。例如，与图13和图14中所示示例类似，端管430可以部分地套设在保护管410的外部，并且在端管430的端部处通过例如焊接与保护管410连接。
优选地，衬管420自保护管410延伸至覆盖保护管410与端管430的连接处(见图21中虚线标示位置)。在保护管410与端管430的连接处可能会出现表面不光滑的情况，衬管420延伸覆盖该连接处，可以防止针尖在此处受到刮擦而造成损伤。
在衬管420延伸至端管430内部的情况下，衬管420可以固定至端管430的内壁，例如通过粘接。优选地，如图20和图21所示，端管430的内壁上可以形成有台阶部430b，并且衬管420的一端抵接台阶部430a。这种情况下，优选地，台阶部430b在径向向内的方向上不超过衬管420，也可以与衬管420平齐，避免针尖11a与台阶部430抵触，造成对针尖的损伤。
优选地，衬管420的外壁与端管430的内壁之间形成有间隙，以便两者各自更加灵活地变形，从而更加易于弯曲。
以上参照附图介绍了根据本发明第三实施方式和第四实施方式的内窥镜手术器械和保护装置，其中保护装置设置有用于减小与针尖之间的摩擦力的衬管。然而，为了相同的目的，根据本发明其它实施方式的内窥镜手术器械和保护装置中，也可以采用内表面具备润滑涂层的保护管，其中润滑涂层用于在保护管弯曲并接触针尖时减小针尖与保护管之间的摩擦。润滑涂层可以是通过物理/化学的方式形成于保护 管的内表面，如通过电镀、喷涂、热处理等方式。润滑涂层例如可以采用聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、类金刚石碳(DLC)等材料来形成。采用润滑涂层替代衬管，有利于简化结构，而且无需组装保护管和衬管，有利于减少工作量。
最后，结合图22介绍可应用于根据本发明各实施方式的内窥镜手术器械中的针管组件，图22为该针管组件的局部放大图。
如图22所示的针管组件包括第一针管和第二针管。例如，第一针管为针头11所包括的针管11A，第二针管为促动件/内管12所包括的针管12A。第一针管11A与第二针管12A部分地套设，形成套设区域15，并且在套设区域15内通过焊接形成用于彼此固定连接的焊接部15a。根据本发明实施例，焊接部15a与第二针管12A位于套设区域15的端部12A-1在轴向上彼此错开。
对于内窥镜手术器械中使用的针头而言，特别是对于用作穿刺针的针头，具有超弹性性能，从而能够随外力灵活地发生变形并且在没有外力时恢复形状，是非常有利的。镍钛合金制成的针头在这方面性能优异，尤其适合于用作穿刺针。然而，镍钛合金制成的针头11在与促动件/内管12焊接连接时，镍钛合金在焊接部位容易因受热而氧化，从而变脆，在弯曲时易于断裂。根据本发明实施例的上述针管组件中，由于焊接部15a与第二针管12A的端部12A-1在轴向彼此错开，所以可以确保焊接部15a的沿轴向的两侧位置上均被第二针管12A覆盖，从而可以通过第二针管12A的机械强度为第一针管11A提供保护，使第一针管11A免于在焊接部15a发生过大弯曲而断裂。
优选地，彼此错开的距离可以是不小于第一针管11A的外径的一定倍数，如2倍等。焊接部15a与第二针管12A彼此错开的也可以是一定的长度，如1mm。
优选地，第一针管11A和第二针管12A通过超声波焊接或激光焊接形成所述焊接部15a，从而连接在一起。
以上描述仅为本申请的较佳实施例以及对所运用技术原理的说明。本领域技术人员应当理解，本申请中所涉及的发明范围，并不限于上述技术特征的特定组合而成的技术方案，同时也应涵盖在不脱离所述发明构思的情况下，由上述技术特征或其等同特征进行任意组合 而形成的其它技术方案。例如上述特征与本申请中公开的(但不限于)具有类似功能的技术特征进行互相替换而形成的技术方案。

Claims (38)

  1. 一种内窥镜手术器械，包括：针头、连接于针头尾部的促动件以及套设在针头和促动件外部的外管，所述针头能够在促动件的促动作用下伸出外管以及回退到外管中，其中，所述内窥镜手术器械还包括用于防止外管在弯曲时被针头戳伤的保护装置，所述保护装置包括设置在所述外管的内壁上的保护管，当所述针头回退到外管中时，所述保护管至少围绕所述针头的针尖。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的内窥镜手术器械，其中，所述保护管由硬度大于外管的材料制成，优选所述保护管由金属材料制成。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的内窥镜手术器械，其中，所述保护管的管壁在保护管轴向的方向上形成有材料的不连续结构或减薄结构或沿所述轴向方向呈波浪形状。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的内窥镜手术器械，其中，所述保护管的管壁上形成有多个切槽，所述多个切槽至少在所述保护管的周向上延伸，并且交错布置以使得保护管轴向上相邻的切槽在周向上彼此错位。
  5. 如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的内窥镜手术器械，其中，所述保护装置还包括衬管，所述衬管内衬于所述保护管之中以在所述保护管弯曲时直接接触所述针尖，用于减小所述针尖与保护装置之间的摩擦。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的内窥镜手术器械，其中，所述衬管由具备自润滑性的材料制成，优选所述衬管由PEEK塑料或PI塑料制成。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的内窥镜手术器械，其中，所述衬管通过其外壁的至少一部分固定在所述保护管上。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的内窥镜手术器械，其中，所述衬管和所述保护管在至少一个端部上彼此固定，并且所述衬管的至少一部分外壁相对于所述保护管的内壁是可相对活动的。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的内窥镜手术器械，其中，所述衬管形成为沿其轴向具有变化的外径。
  10. 如权利要求7所述的内窥镜手术器械，其中，所述保护管的管壁上设置有孔形安装部，并且所述衬管的材料突入所述孔形安装部 中。
  11. 如权利要求1-10中任一项所述的内窥镜手术器械，其中，所述外管的靠近针头的一远端端部形成为沿所述针尖的朝向径向逐渐收缩的形状。
  12. 如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的内窥镜手术器械，其中，所述保护装置还包括一端管，所述端管固定连接至所述外管的靠近针头的一远端端部上，所述保护管的一端与所述端管相连。
  13. 如权利要求8-10中任一项所述的内窥镜手术器械，其中，所述保护装置还包括一端管，所述端管固定连接至所述外管的靠近针头的一远端端部上，所述保护管的一端与所述端管相连，优选地所述保护管的另一端与所述衬管的一端固定。
  14. 如权利要求13所述的内窥镜手术器械，其中，所述衬管自所述保护管延伸至覆盖所述保护管与所述端管的连接处。
  15. 如权利要求13所述的内窥镜手术器械，其中，所述端管的内壁上形成有台阶部，并且所述衬管的另一端抵接并连接至所述台阶部。
  16. 如权利要求12-15中任一项所述的内窥镜手术器械，其中，所述端管的外表面上形成有倒刺或螺纹凸起结构，用于将端管固定在外管的内壁上。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的内窥镜手术器械，其中，所述端管的一个端部形成有用于限位的凸缘，并且所述凸缘抵靠在外管的所述远端端部的端面上。
  18. 如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的内窥镜手术器械，其中，所述保护管的内表面具备润滑涂层，所述润滑涂层用于在所述保护管弯曲并接触所述针尖时减小所述针尖与所述保护管之间的摩擦。
  19. 如权利要求1-18中任一项所述的内窥镜手术器械，其中，所述针头包括第一针管，所述促动件包括第二针管，所述第一针管与所述第二针管部分地套设，形成套设区域，并且在所述套设区域内通过焊接形成用于彼此固定连接的焊接部，所述焊接部与所述第二针管位于所述套设区域的端部在轴向上彼此错开。
  20. 一种用于内窥镜手术器械的保护装置，其中，所述保护装置包括保护管，保护管的管壁在保护管轴向的方向上形成有材料的不连 续结构或减薄结构或沿所述轴向方向呈波浪形状。
  21. 如权利要求20所述的保护装置，其中，所述保护管的管壁上形成有多个切槽，所述多个切槽至少在所述保护管的周向上延伸，并且交错布置，使得在所述保护管轴向上相邻的切槽在保护管的周向上是彼此错位的。
  22. 如权利要求21所述的保护装置，其中，所述多个切槽的延伸方向平行于所述保护管的周向。
  23. 如权利要求22所述的保护装置，其中，所述多个切槽的宽度小于等于0.05mm，并且轴向上相邻的切槽在所述轴向上的间距小于等于0.2mm。
  24. 如权利要求23所述的保护装置，其中，所述多个切槽具有相同的长度，并且所述长度大于等于保护管的周长的四分之一。
  25. 如权利要求20所述的保护装置，其中，所述保护管的管壁的外表面上形成有至少一个凹槽，在所述凹槽处保护管的管壁厚度减薄，所述至少一个凹槽至少在所述保护管的周向上延伸，并且所述保护管的管壁具有连续、光滑的内表面。
  26. 如权利要求20-25中任一项所述的保护装置，其中，所述保护装置还包括衬管，所述衬管内衬于所述保护管之中，用于减小所述保护装置的内表面的摩擦系数。
  27. 如权利要求26所述的保护装置，其中，所述衬管由具备自润滑性的材料制成，优选所述衬管由PEEK塑料或PI塑料制成。
  28. 如权利要求26所述的保护装置，其中，所述衬管通过其外壁的至少一部分固定在所述保护管上。
  29. 如权利要求28所述的保护装置，其中，所述衬管和所述保护管在至少一个端部上彼此固定，并且所述衬管的至少一部分外壁相对于所述保护管的内壁是可相对活动的。
  30. 如权利要求29所述的保护装置，其中，所述衬管形成为沿轴向具有变化的外径。
  31. 如权利要求28所述的保护装置，其中，所述保护管的管壁上设置有孔形安装部，并且所述衬管的材料突入所述孔形安装部中。
  32. 如权利要求20-28中任一项所述的保护装置，其中，所述保 护装置还包括一端管，所述保护管的一端与端管相连。
  33. 如权利要求29-31中任一项所述的保护装置，其中，所述保护装置还包括一端管，所述保护管的一端与所述端管相连，优选地所述保护管的另一端与所述衬管的一端固定。
  34. 如权利要求33所述的保护装置，其中，所述衬管延伸至覆盖所述保护管与所述端管的连接处。
  35. 如权利要求33所述的保护装置，其中，所述端管的内壁上形成有台阶部，并且所述衬管的另一端抵接并连接至所述台阶部。
  36. 如权利要求32-35中任一项所述的保护装置，其中，所述端管的外表面上形成有倒刺或螺纹凸起结构，用于将端管固定至接收端管的构件的内壁上。
  37. 如权利要求36所述的保护装置，其中，所述端管的一个端部形成有用于限位的凸缘。
  38. 如权利要求20-25中任一项所述的保护装置，其中，所述保护管的内表面具备润滑涂层，所述润滑涂层用于在所述保护管弯曲并接触所述针尖时减小所述针尖与所述保护管之间的摩擦。
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