WO2022019683A1 - 광변조 디바이스 및 자동차 - Google Patents
광변조 디바이스 및 자동차 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022019683A1 WO2022019683A1 PCT/KR2021/009498 KR2021009498W WO2022019683A1 WO 2022019683 A1 WO2022019683 A1 WO 2022019683A1 KR 2021009498 W KR2021009498 W KR 2021009498W WO 2022019683 A1 WO2022019683 A1 WO 2022019683A1
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- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/133305—Flexible substrates, e.g. plastics, organic film
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- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13725—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on guest-host interaction
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13743—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on electrohydrodynamic instabilities or domain formation in liquid crystals
- G02F1/1375—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on electrohydrodynamic instabilities or domain formation in liquid crystals using dynamic scattering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/13787—Hybrid-alignment cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
- G02F1/1393—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the birefringence of the liquid crystal being electrically controlled, e.g. ECB-, DAP-, HAN-, PI-LC cells
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
- G02F1/1396—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent the liquid crystal being selectively controlled between a twisted state and a non-twisted state, e.g. TN-LC cell
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
- G02F2202/40—Materials having a particular birefringence, retardation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2413/00—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
- G02F2413/02—Number of plates being 2
Definitions
- the present application relates to an optical modulation device and an automobile.
- the light modulation device may be included in a sunroof or glass of a vehicle.
- a large amount of sunlight enters the vehicle through a sunroof or glass mounted on a vehicle in a season with a large amount of sunlight or in a region with a large amount of sunlight such as a tropical area. Such sunlight causes the temperature of the vehicle to rise.
- This application relates to an optical modulation device and an automobile.
- an optical modulation device used as a sunroof, front or rear glass or side glass of a vehicle, or included in the sunroof, front or rear glass or side glass, or the light modulation device is used as the sunroof, front or rear
- An object of the present invention is to provide an automobile including a light modulation device and a vehicle including the same as a vehicle included in a glass or a side glass, which is applied to the vehicle to enable uniform transmittance regardless of the field of view of an occupant of the vehicle.
- vertical, parallel, perpendicular, or horizontal among terms defining an angle means substantially vertical, parallel, orthogonal or horizontal in a range that does not impair the intended effect, and the range of the vertical, parallel, orthogonal or horizontal is to include errors such as manufacturing errors or variations.
- the physical properties mentioned in the present specification when the measurement temperature affects the physical properties, unless otherwise specified, the physical properties are those measured at room temperature.
- room temperature is a temperature in a state in which it is not particularly heated or reduced, and any one temperature within the range of about 10°C to 30°C, for example, about 15°C or more, 18°C or more, 20°C or more, or about 23 It may mean a temperature of about 27° C. or lower while being at least °C.
- the unit of temperature referred to in the present specification is °C.
- the retardation and refractive index referred to in the present specification means a refractive index for light having a wavelength of about 550 nm unless otherwise specified.
- angles formed by any two directions mentioned herein may be an acute angle among acute to obtuse angles formed by the two directions, or a smaller angle among angles measured in a clockwise direction and a counterclockwise direction.
- angles referred to herein are positive numbers.
- any one of the angle measured in the clockwise direction and the angle measured in the counterclockwise direction is expressed as a positive number, and the other The angle can also be expressed as a negative number.
- the present application relates to an optical modulation device applied to or included in a sunroof or glass of a vehicle.
- the present application also relates to an automobile comprising a light modulation device in a sunroof or glass.
- the glass may be the front glass 100 , the side glass 200 , or the rear glass 300 of the vehicle.
- the sunroof or glass may be entirely composed of the light modulating device, or at least a part thereof may be composed of the light modulating device.
- the term light modulation device may refer to a device capable of switching between at least two or more different states of light.
- the different states of light may mean different states of at least transmittance, color, and/or haze.
- Examples of states that the light modulation device may implement include, but are not limited to, transmission, blocking, high reflection, low reflection, and/or a color mode state representing a specific color.
- the light modulation device may be a device capable of switching between at least the transmission and blocking mode states, or a device capable of switching between the high reflection and low reflection mode states.
- the transmittance of the light modulation device in the transmission mode state is at least 20% or more, 25% or more, 30% or more, 35% or more, 40% or more, 45% or more, 50% or more, 55% or more, 60% or more, 65 % or more, 70% or more, 75% or more, or 80% or more.
- the transmittance of the optical modulation device in the blocking mode state is 60% or less, 55% or less, 50% or less, 45% or less, 40% or less, 35% or less, 30% or less, 25% or less, 20% or less, 15% or less , 10% or less, 5% or less, 1% or less, or 0.5% or less.
- the upper limit of the transmittance may be about 100%, and the lower limit of the transmittance in the blocking mode state may be about 0%.
- the difference between the transmittance in the transmission mode state and the transmittance in the blocking mode state is 15% or more , 20% or more, 25% or more, 30% or more, 35% or more, or 40% or more, or 90% or less, 85% or less, 80% or less, 75% or less, 70% or less, 65% or less, 60% or less , 55% or less, 50% or less, or 45% or less.
- the transmittance may be a straight light transmittance.
- the straight light transmittance is a percentage of the ratio of the light transmitted in the same direction as the incident direction to the light incident on the device. For example, if the device is in the form of a film or sheet, the percentage of light transmitted through the device in a direction parallel to the normal direction among incident light in a direction parallel to a normal direction of the film or sheet surface may be defined as the transmittance. .
- the transmittance is, for example, a transmittance for any one wavelength within the range of about 400 to 700 nm or about 380 to 780 nm, a transmittance for the entire visible light region, or a maximum of transmittance for the entire visible light region Alternatively, it may be a minimum transmittance, or an average value of transmittance within the visible light region.
- the light modulation device of the present application may be designed to be able to switch between at least two or more states of any one state selected from the transmission mode, the blocking mode, and the color mode state and the other state. If necessary, a third state or more state other than the above state may also be implemented.
- the switching of the optical modulation device may be controlled according to application of an external signal, for example, whether a voltage signal is applied.
- the optical modulation device may maintain any one of the states described above in a state in which an external signal such as a voltage is not applied, and may be switched to another state when a voltage is applied.
- the state of the mode may be changed, or the third other mode state may be implemented.
- the vehicle of the present application may further include a control circuit capable of switching the optical modulation device, an external signal application means, and the like.
- a method of configuring such additional means is not particularly limited, and known means may be appropriately applied.
- the light modulation device may include, as a basic unit, a light modulation film layer having two substrates facing each other and a light modulation layer positioned between the substrates.
- 2 is a view showing an example of the light modulation film layer.
- the light modulation film layer may include a first substrate 100 and a second substrate 200 disposed to face each other.
- the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 are attached by a sealant 300 .
- a functional layer 1001 is formed on one surface (hereinafter, may be referred to as a first surface) of the first substrate 100, and one surface (hereinafter, referred to as a first surface) of the other second substrate 200 .
- a liquid crystal alignment layer 2001 is formed on the first and second substrates 100 and 200, and a light modulation layer is positioned between the first and second substrates 200 and 100 facing each other.
- the light modulation layer is a liquid crystal layer
- a liquid crystal alignment layer is typically formed on both surfaces of the first and second substrates 100 and 200 .
- the functional layer 1001 formed on the first surface of the first substrate 100 may also be a liquid crystal alignment layer.
- the functional layer 1001 may be an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer.
- the present inventors have confirmed that, as the functional layer 1001 of the first substrate 100, even when an appropriate pressure-sensitive adhesive layer or adhesive layer, not a liquid crystal aligning film, is formed, liquid crystal alignment suitable for vehicles is achieved.
- a spacer for maintaining a cell gap between the first and second substrates may be present on any one of the first and second substrates of the light modulation film layer.
- the functional layer 1001 on 100 in the case of forming an adhesive layer or an adhesive layer, the adhesive layer or the adhesive layer 1001 is attached to the spacer to greatly improve the bonding force between the first and second substrates. have.
- the first surface of the substrate means any one surface of the main surface of the substrate and the opposite surface
- the second surface means the other surface of the main surface and the opposite surface of the substrate.
- a known substrate material may be used without particular limitation.
- an isotropic substrate or an anisotropic substrate may be used as the substrate.
- the term isotropic substrate means a substrate whose refractive index does not depend on the polarization direction of a wave
- anisotropic substrate means a substrate whose refractive index varies depending on the polarization state of light.
- an inorganic substrate such as a glass substrate, a crystalline or amorphous silicon substrate, or a quartz substrate, or a plastic substrate can be used.
- plastic substrate examples include a triacetyl cellulose (TAC) substrate; COP (cyclo olefin copolymer) substrates such as norbornene derivative substrates; PMMA(poly(methyl methacrylate) substrate; PC(polycarbonate) substrate; PE(polyethylene) substrate; PP(polypropylene) substrate; PVA(polyvinyl alcohol) substrate; DAC(diacetyl cellulose) substrate; Pac(Polyacrylate) substrate; PES(polypropylene) substrate ether sulfone) substrate; PEEK (polyetheretherketon) substrate; PPS (polyphenylsulfone), PEI (polyetherimide) substrate; PEN (polyethylenemaphthatlate) substrate; PET (polyethyleneterephtalate) polyester substrate such as; PI (polyimide) substrate; PSF (polysulfone) substrate ; A PAR (polyarylate) substrate or a substrate including an amorphous fluor
- an anisotropic substrate may be applied in terms of securing mechanical properties, flexibility, and optical properties suitable for vehicles, and specifically, an anisotropic plastic substrate may be applied.
- Such a substrate can provide mechanical properties, flexibility, and optical properties suitable for a light modulation device for a vehicle due to its inherent properties.
- a substrate having optical anisotropy of a certain level or more may exhibit mechanical properties and flexibility particularly suitable for vehicles.
- a plastic substrate having an in-plane retardation of at least 400 nm or more may be applied as the substrate.
- the in-plane retardation (Rin) means a value calculated by Equation 1 below.
- Rin d ⁇ (nx - ny)
- Rin is the in-plane retardation
- d is the thickness of the substrate
- nx is the refractive index in the slow axis direction of the substrate
- ny is the refractive index in the fast axis direction of the substrate
- the in-plane retardation is, in another example, 450 nm or more, 550 nm or more, 600 nm or more, 650 nm or more, 700 nm or more, 750 nm or more, 800 nm or more, 850 nm or more, 900 nm or more, 950 nm or more, 1000 nm or more or more, 2000 nm or more, 3000 nm or more, 4,000 nm or more, 5,000 nm or more, 6,000 nm or more, 7,000 nm or more, 8,000 nm or more, 9,000 m or more, 10,000 m or more, 11,000 m or more, 12,000 m or more, 13,000 m or more, It can be as high as 14,000 m or more or on the order of 15,000 m or more.
- the in-plane retardation of each of the substrates may be about 50,000 nm or less, about 40,000 nm or less, about 30,000 nm or less, 20,000 nm or less, 18,000 nm or less, 16,000 nm or less, 15,000 nm or less, or 12,000 nm or less.
- a polyester film substrate such as a poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrate is typically known, but the type of substrate that can be applied in the present application is not limited thereto. All of the various types of substrates can be applied as long as they have In addition, at least two substrates applied to the light modulation film layer may all have the above in-plane retardation, but at least one substrate may have the above in-plane retardation.
- PET poly(ethylene terephthalate)
- the substrate having the above anisotropy shows suitable mechanical properties, flexibility, and optical properties for vehicles, but due to the inherent optical anisotropy of the substrate, when applied to a vehicle, it can provide optical non-uniformity depending on the viewing angle of the occupant. have.
- the light modulation device designed according to the present application can improve or eliminate the disadvantages while taking advantage of the substrate.
- the slow axis of the first and/or second anisotropic substrate is formed to be parallel to the width direction of the vehicle.
- the fact that the slow axis is formed to be parallel to the width direction of the vehicle means that, for example, when the light modulation device has a fastening means or a fastening portion that can be mounted on a sunroof position of the vehicle.
- the fastening means or fastening part exists so that the slow axis of the substrate is arranged parallel to the width direction of the vehicle. can do.
- the shape of the optical modulation device is configured to have the same shape as that of the sunroof of the vehicle, and the optical modulation device is mounted on the sunroof of the vehicle according to the shape, the slow axis of the substrate is the vehicle It may mean that the shape of the optical modulation device is manufactured so as to be arranged parallel to the width direction of the .
- the light modulation device has a fastening means or a fastening portion that can be mounted to the sunroof of the vehicle, or the light modulating device has the same shape as the sunroof, and the fastening means, fastening portion or shape Accordingly, when the light modulation device is mounted on the sunroof of the vehicle, the fastening means, fastening portion, or shape may be determined such that the slow axis of the first or second anisotropic substrate is disposed parallel to the width direction of the car. .
- a method of forming the fastening means or fastening portion as described above in the light modulating device or configuring the light modulating device to have the above shape is not particularly limited, and a known method may be applied.
- the slow axis of the first and/or second anisotropic substrate is the slow axis of the vehicle. It may be formed to be disposed parallel to the longitudinal direction.
- the fact that the slow axis is formed to be disposed parallel to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle means, for example, a fastening means or a fastening portion that can be mounted to the light modulation device at a position on the front, rear, or side glass of the vehicle.
- the fastening means such that the slow axis of the substrate is arranged parallel to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle.
- the shape of the light modulation device is configured to have the same shape as that of the front or rear or side glass of the vehicle, and depending on the shape, if the light modulation device is mounted as the front, rear or side glass of the vehicle, , may mean that the shape of the optical modulation device is manufactured so that the slow axis of the substrate is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle.
- the light modulation device has a fastening means or a fastening portion that can be mounted on the front, rear or side glass of a vehicle, or the light modulation device has the same shape as the front, rear or side glass,
- the fastening means, fastening portion or shape When the light modulation device is mounted to the front, rear or side glass of the vehicle according to the fastening means, fastening portion or shape, the slow axis of the first or second anisotropic substrate is arranged parallel to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle.
- a fastening means, a fastening part, or a shape may be determined.
- a method of forming the fastening means or fastening portion as described above in the light modulating device or configuring the light modulating device to have the above shape is not particularly limited, and a known method may be applied.
- both anisotropic substrates are applied as two substrates (eg, the first and second substrates 100 and 200 in FIG. 2 ) in the light modulation film layer of the present application
- the two substrates are suitably arranged so that their optical axes are parallel to each other.
- the optical axis of the anisotropic substrate is. Unless otherwise specified, it means the slow axis of the anisotropic substrate, and the optical axis of the polarizing layer means the absorption axis of the polarizing layer unless otherwise specified.
- the light modulation layer present between the substrates determines the transmittance, reflectivity, haze and/or color of the light of the light modulation device, alone or in conjunction with other components, depending on whether an external signal is applied. It is a functional layer that can be changed. Such a light modulation layer may be referred to as an active light modulation layer in the present specification.
- an external signal may mean an external factor that may affect the behavior of a material included in the light modulation layer, for example, an optical modulation material, for example, an external voltage. Accordingly, the state in which there is no external signal may mean a state in which there is no application of an external voltage or the like.
- the type of the light modulation layer is not particularly limited as long as it has the above-described function, and a known light modulation layer may be applied.
- the light modulation layer may be, for example, a liquid crystal layer, an electrochromic material layer, a photochromic material layer, an electrophoretic material layer, or a dispersed particle alignment layer.
- the liquid crystal layer may be applied as the light modulation layer.
- a liquid crystal layer is a layer containing a liquid crystal compound.
- the scope of the term liquid crystal layer includes all layers containing a liquid crystal compound, for example, a so-called guest host layer or a chiral dopant containing a liquid crystal compound (liquid crystal host) and a dichroic dye, as will be described later.
- a layer including an additive together with a liquid crystal compound is also a kind of a liquid crystal layer defined in this specification.
- the liquid crystal layer may be an active liquid crystal layer, and thus the liquid crystal compound may be present in the liquid crystal layer so that the alignment direction changes depending on whether an external signal is applied.
- liquid crystal compound any kind of liquid crystal compound may be used as long as its alignment direction can be changed by application of an external signal.
- a smectic liquid crystal compound, a nematic liquid crystal compound, or a cholesteric liquid crystal compound may be used.
- the liquid crystal compound may be, for example, a compound having no polymerizable group or crosslinkable group so that the alignment direction can be changed by application of an external signal.
- the liquid crystal layer may include a liquid crystal compound having a positive or negative dielectric anisotropy.
- the absolute value of the dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal may be appropriately selected in consideration of the purpose of the present application.
- the term “dielectric anisotropy ( ⁇ )” may mean a difference ( ⁇ // - ⁇ ) between a horizontal dielectric constant ( ⁇ //) and a vertical dielectric constant ( ⁇ ) of a liquid crystal.
- the term horizontal permittivity ( ⁇ //) refers to a dielectric constant value measured along the direction of the electric field in a state in which a voltage is applied so that the direction of the electric field by the applied voltage and the director of liquid crystal molecules is substantially horizontal
- the perpendicular permittivity ⁇ refers to a dielectric constant value measured along the direction of the electric field in a state in which a voltage is applied so that the direction of the electric field by the applied voltage is substantially perpendicular to the direction of the liquid crystal molecules.
- the driving mode of the liquid crystal layer is, for example, DS (Dynamic Scattering) mode, ECB (Electrically Controllable Birefringence) mode, IPS (In-Plane Switching) mode, FFS (Fringe-Field Switching) mode, OCB (Optially Compensated Bend) mode.
- VA Vertical Alignment
- MVA Multi-domain Vertical Alignment
- PVA Powerned Vertical Alignment
- HAN Hybrid Aligned Nematic
- TN Transmission Nematic
- STN Super Twisted Nematic
- R-TN Reversed Twisted Nematic
- the light modulation layer which is a liquid crystal layer, may further include a dichroic dye in terms of controlling light transmittance variable characteristics together with the liquid crystal compound, if necessary.
- the light modulation layer which is the liquid crystal layer, may further include the dichroic dye.
- the term “dye” may mean a material capable of intensively absorbing and/or transforming light within the visible light region, for example, at least a portion or the entire range within the wavelength range of 400 nm to 700 nm
- the term “dichroic dye” may refer to a material capable of anisotropic absorption of light in at least a part or the entire range of the visible light region. Such dyes are, for example, known as azo dyes or anthraquinone dyes, but are not limited thereto.
- the light modulation layer is a liquid crystal layer including a liquid crystal compound and a dichroic dye, for example, when the light modulation device includes a polarization layer of one layer, a so-called guest host liquid crystal layer (Guest host liquid crystal layer) liquid crystal cell).
- the term "GHLC layer” refers to a functional layer in which dichroic dyes are arranged together according to the arrangement of liquid crystals, and each exhibits anisotropic light absorption characteristics with respect to the alignment direction of the dichroic dye and the direction perpendicular to the alignment direction. have.
- a dichroic dye is a material whose absorption rate of light varies depending on the polarization direction.
- the absorption rate of light polarized in the long-axis direction is large, it is called a p-type dye, and if the absorption rate of light polarized in the short-axis direction is large, it is called an n-type dye.
- a p-type dye polarized light vibrating in the long axis direction of the dye is absorbed, and polarized light vibrating in the short axis direction of the dye is absorbed and transmitted therethrough.
- the dichroic dye is a p-type dye, unless otherwise specified.
- the light modulation film layer including the guest host liquid crystal layer as the light modulation layer may function as an active polarizer.
- active polarizer may refer to a functional device capable of controlling anisotropic light absorption according to application of an external signal. Such an active polarization layer may be distinguished from a passive polarization layer, which will be described later, having constant light absorption or light reflection characteristics regardless of external signal application.
- the guest host liquid crystal layer may control anisotropic light absorption with respect to polarization in a direction parallel to the arrangement direction of the dichroic dye and polarization in a direction perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the dichroic dye by adjusting the arrangement of the liquid crystal and the dichroic dye. Since the arrangement of the liquid crystal and the dichroic dye can be controlled by application of an external signal such as a magnetic field or an electric field, the guest host liquid crystal layer can control anisotropic light absorption according to the application of an external signal.
- the liquid crystal layer as the light modulation layer may include a so-called chiral dopant together with the liquid crystal compound. Such a chiral dopant may induce the alignment of the helical structure in the liquid crystal compound.
- the chiral dopant is not particularly limited and may be used as long as it can induce a desired twisting without impairing liquid crystallinity such as nematic regularity.
- the chiral dopant for inducing rotation in the liquid crystal molecules needs to include at least chirality in the molecular structure.
- a chiral dopant is, for example, a compound having one or two or more asymmetric carbons, a compound having an asymmetric point on a heteroatom such as a chiral amine or a chiral sulfoxide, or cumulene ) or a compound having an axially asymmetric, optically active site having an axial agent such as binaphthol may be exemplified.
- the chiral dopant may be, for example, a low molecular weight compound having a molecular weight of 1,500 or less.
- a commercially available chiral nematic liquid crystal or the like may be applied.
- the ratio of the chiral dopant is 0.05 More than, 0.1 or more, 0.15 or more, 0.2 or more, 0.25 or more, 0.3 or more, 0.35 or more, 0.4 or more, 0.45 or more, 0.5 or more, 0.55 or more, 0.6 or more, 0.65 or more, 0.7 or more, 0.75 or more
- the chiral dopant may be included in a ratio that may be on the order of 0.8 or more.
- Such a ratio (d/p) may be linked with the alignment of the liquid crystal compound induced by the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer or the adhesive layer and the liquid crystal alignment layer to derive an alignment state suitable for the application purpose.
- the ratio (d/p) is higher, the light modulation device can more efficiently implement transmission and blocking states, and in particular, a device in which transmittance is effectively suppressed in the blocking state can be implemented.
- an excessive amount of a chiral dopant is added to increase the ratio (d/p), there is a problem in that orientation stability, particularly orientation stability according to temperature change, and orientation stability at high temperature is reduced.
- the ratio (d/p) may be 2 or less, 1.5 or less, 1 or less, less than 1, 0.95 or less, 0.9 or less, or 0.85 or less.
- the pitch (p) of the optical modulation layer (liquid crystal layer) in the so-called twisted or cholesteric alignment mode to which the chiral dopant is applied can be measured by a measurement method using a wedge cell, and a Simple method for accurate measurements of D.Podolskyy et al. It can be measured by the method described in the cholesteric pitch using a stripe-wedge Grandjean-Cano cell (Liquid Crystals, Vol. 35, No. 7, July 8 ⁇ 2008, 789-791).
- the content (wt%) of the chiral dopant is calculated by the formula of 100/(Helixcal Twisting power (HTP) ⁇ pitch (nm)), and may be selected at an appropriate ratio in consideration of the desired pitch (p).
- the type of the above additional components (eg, dichroic dye or chiral dopant, etc.) included in the light modulation layer together with the liquid crystal compound is not particularly limited, and well-known components may be used. It may further include a required known component.
- liquid crystal alignment layer that may be formed on the first surface of the first and/or second substrate in the light modulation film layer.
- a known vertical or horizontal alignment layer or other alignment layer may be applied in consideration of a desired initial alignment.
- a contact alignment layer such as a rubbing alignment layer or a non-contact alignment layer such as a photo alignment layer may be applied.
- the type of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer or the adhesive layer that can be applied as a functional layer to the surface of the first substrate there is no particular limitation on the type of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer or the adhesive layer that can be applied as a functional layer to the surface of the first substrate.
- various types of pressure-sensitive adhesives or adhesives known in the industry as so-called Optically Clear Adhesive (OCA) or Optical Clear Resin (OCR) can be combined with a liquid crystal alignment layer to induce a suitable alignment of the liquid crystal compound.
- OCA Optically Clear Adhesive
- OCR Optical Clear Resin
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive or adhesive for example, an acryl-based, silicone-based, epoxy-based, or urethane-based pressure-sensitive adhesive or adhesive may be applied.
- a silicone-based pressure-sensitive adhesive or adhesive can be exemplified.
- the unique surface properties of the silicone pressure-sensitive adhesive or adhesive can be combined with a liquid crystal alignment layer (especially, a vertical alignment layer) to induce an alignment state of the liquid crystal compound suitable for the purpose.
- a cured product of a curable silicone adhesive or a pressure-sensitive adhesive composition (hereinafter, may simply be referred to as a curable silicone composition) may be used.
- the type of the curable silicone composition is not particularly limited, and, for example, a heat-curable silicone composition or an ultraviolet-curable silicone composition may be used.
- the curable silicone composition is an addition-curable silicone composition, (1) an organopolysiloxane containing two or more alkenyl groups in a molecule and (2) an organopolysiloxane containing two or more silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms in a molecule may include
- the silicone compound as described above can form a cured product by addition reaction in the presence of a catalyst such as a platinum catalyst.
- the (1) organopolysiloxane contains at least two alkenyl groups in one molecule as a main component constituting the cured silicone product.
- specific examples of the alkenyl group include a vinyl group, an allyl group, a butenyl group, a pentenyl group, a hexenyl group, or a heptenyl group, among which a vinyl group is usually applied, but is not limited thereto.
- the bonding position of the above-described alkenyl group is not particularly limited.
- the alkenyl group may be bonded to the end of the molecular chain and/or to the side chain of the molecular chain.
- the types of substituents that may be included in addition to the above-described alkenyl include an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, or a heptyl group; Aryl groups, such as a phenyl group, a tolyl group, a xylyl group, or a naphthyl group; an aralkyl group such as a benzyl group or a phenentyl group; and a halogen-substituted alkyl group such as a chloromethyl group, a 3-chloropropyl group, or a 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl group, and among these, a methyl group or a phenyl group is usually applied, but is not limited thereto.
- the molecular structure of the (1) organopolysiloxane is not particularly limited, and for example, it may have any shape, such as linear, branched, cyclic, networked, or partially branched linear. In general, those having a linear molecular structure among the molecular structures described above are generally applied, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- organopolysiloxane examples include dimethylsiloxane-methylvinylsiloxane copolymer blocking trimethylsiloxane groups at both ends of the molecular chain, methylvinylpolysiloxane blocking both ends of the molecular chain, and trimethylsiloxane group blocking at both ends of the molecular chain Dimethylsiloxane-methylvinylsiloxane-methylphenylsiloxane copolymer, blocking dimethylvinylsiloxane groups at both ends of the molecular chain dimethylpolysiloxane, blocking dimethylvinylsiloxane groups at both ends of the molecular chain Methylvinylpolysiloxane, blocking dimethylvinylsiloxane groups at both ends of the molecular chain dimethylsiloxane-methyl Vinylsiloxane copolymer, blockade of dimethylvinylsiloxane groups at both ends
- R 1 is a hydrocarbon group other than the alkenyl group, specifically, an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, or a heptyl group; an aryl group such as a phenyl group, a tolyl group, a xylyl group or a naphthyl group; an aralkyl group such as a benzyl group or a phenentyl group; It may be a halogen-substituted alkyl group such as a chloromethyl group, a 3-chloropropyl group, or a 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl group.
- an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group
- R 2 is an alkenyl group, and specifically, may be a vinyl group, an allyl group, a butenyl group, a pentenyl group, a hexenyl group, or a heptenyl group.
- the organopolysiloxane may serve to crosslink the (1) organopolysiloxane.
- the bonding position of the hydrogen atom is not particularly limited, and, for example, may be bonded to the terminal and/or side chain of the molecular chain.
- the types of substituents that may be included in addition to the silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms are not particularly limited, and for example, as mentioned in (1) organopolysiloxane, an alkyl group, an aryl group, and an aralkyl group or a halogen-substituted alkyl group, and among these, a methyl group or a phenyl group is usually applied, but is not limited thereto.
- the molecular structure of the (2) organopolysiloxane is not particularly limited, and for example, may have any shape, such as linear, branched, cyclic, network, or partially branched linear. Among the molecular structures described above, those having a linear molecular structure are usually applied, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
- organopolysiloxane More specific examples of the (2) organopolysiloxane include methylhydrogenpolysiloxane blocking trimethylsiloxane groups at both ends of the molecular chain, dimethylsiloxane-methylhydrogen copolymer blocking trimethylsiloxane groups at both ends of the molecular chain, and trimethylsiloxane groups at both ends of the molecular chain Blocking dimethylsiloxane-methylhydrogensiloxane-methylphenylsiloxane copolymer, blocking dimethylhydrogensiloxane groups at both ends of the molecular chain Dimethylpolysiloxane, blocking dimethylhydrogensiloxane groups at both ends of the molecular chain Dimethylsiloxane-methylphenylsiloxane copolymer, dimethyl at both ends of the molecular chain
- R 1 is a hydrocarbon group other than the alkenyl group, specifically, an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, or a heptyl group; an aryl group such as a phenyl group, a tolyl group, a xylyl group or a naphthyl group; an aralkyl group such as a benzyl group or a phenentyl group; It may be a halogen-substituted alkyl group such as a chloromethyl group, a 3-chloropropyl group, or a 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl group.
- an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group
- the content of the (2) organopolysiloxane is not particularly limited as long as it is included to the extent that appropriate curing can be achieved.
- the (2) organopolysiloxane may be contained in an amount such that the number of silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms is 0.5 to 10 with respect to one alkenyl group included in the aforementioned (1) organopolysiloxane. In this range, curing can be sufficiently advanced and heat resistance can be secured.
- the addition-curable silicone composition may further include platinum or a platinum compound as a catalyst for curing.
- platinum or a platinum compound as a catalyst for curing.
- the specific kind of platinum or the platinum compound is not particularly limited.
- the ratio of the catalyst may also be adjusted to a level at which proper curing can be achieved.
- the addition-curable silicone composition may also contain an appropriate additive required from the viewpoint of storage stability, handleability and workability improvement in an appropriate ratio.
- the silicone composition is a condensation-curable silicone composition, for example, (a) an alkoxy group-containing siloxane polymer; and (b) a hydroxyl group-containing siloxane polymer.
- the (a) siloxane polymer may be, for example, a compound represented by the following formula (1).
- R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon group
- R 3 represents an alkyl group
- a and b each independently represent a number greater than or equal to 0 and less than 1
- a+b represents a number greater than 0 and less than 2
- c represents a number greater than 0 and less than 2
- d represents a number greater than 0 and less than 4
- a+b+c ⁇ 2+d is 4.
- the monovalent hydrocarbon may be, for example, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, a benzyl group or a tolyl group, and in this case, the alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms includes a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, It may be an isopropyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, or an octyl group.
- the monovalent hydrocarbon group may be substituted with a known substituent such as, for example, a halogen, an amino group, a mercapto group, an isocyanate group, a glycidyl group, a glycidoxy group, or a ureido group.
- a known substituent such as, for example, a halogen, an amino group, a mercapto group, an isocyanate group, a glycidyl group, a glycidoxy group, or a ureido group.
- examples of the alkyl group of R 3 include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, or a butyl group.
- examples of the alkyl groups include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, or a butyl group.
- a methyl group or an ethyl group is usually applied, but is not limited thereto.
- a branched or tertiarily crosslinked siloxane polymer among the polymers of Formula 1 may be used.
- the hydroxyl group may remain
- the siloxane polymer (a) can be produced, for example, by hydrolyzing and condensing polyfunctional alkoxysilane or polyfunctional chlorosilane.
- An average person skilled in the art can easily select an appropriate polyfunctional alkoxysilane or chlorosilane according to the desired (a) siloxane polymer, and the conditions of hydrolysis and condensation reaction using the same can also be easily controlled.
- an appropriate monofunctional alkoxysilane may be used in combination according to the purpose.
- siloxane polymer (a) commercially available organosiloxanes such as X40-9220 or X40-9225 from Shin-Etsu Silicone, XR31-B1410, XR31-B0270 or XR31-B2733 from GE Toray Silicone, etc. Polymers may be used.
- (b) hydroxyl group-containing siloxane polymer contained in the condensation-curable silicone composition for example, a compound represented by the following formula (2) can be used.
- R 4 and R 5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon group, and when a plurality of R 4 and R 5 are present, they may be the same as or different from each other. and n represents an integer of 5 to 2,000.
- specific types of the monovalent hydrocarbon group include, for example, the same hydrocarbon group as in the case of the formula (1).
- the siloxane polymer (b) can be produced, for example, by hydrolyzing and condensing dialkoxysilane and/or dichlorosilane.
- a person skilled in the art can easily select an appropriate dialkoxy silane or dichloro silane according to the desired (b) siloxane polymer, and the conditions of hydrolysis and condensation reaction using the same can also be easily controlled.
- the siloxane polymer (b) as described above for example, a commercially available bifunctional organosiloxane polymer such as XC96-723, YF-3800, YF-3804 manufactured by GE Toray Silicones can be used.
- the addition curing type or condensation curing type silicone composition described above is one example of a material for forming the silicone pressure-sensitive adhesive or adhesive applied in the present application. That is, basically any silicon adhesive or adhesive known as OCA or OCR in the industry may be applied in the present application.
- the type of the pressure-sensitive adhesive or adhesive or the curable composition forming the same is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended use.
- a solid, semi-solid or liquid pressure-sensitive adhesive or adhesive or curable composition may be used.
- the solid or semi-solid pressure-sensitive adhesive or adhesive or curable composition may be cured before the bonding object is bonded.
- the liquid pressure-sensitive adhesive or adhesive or curable composition is so-called optical clear resin (OCR), and may be cured after the bonding object is bonded.
- a so-called polydimethyl siloxane-based pressure-sensitive adhesive or adhesive or curable composition or polymethylvinyl siloxane-based pressure-sensitive adhesive or adhesive or curable composition or alkoxy Alkoxy silicone-based adhesive or adhesive or curable composition may be used, but is not limited thereto.
- the thickness of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer or the adhesive layer is not particularly limited, and may be selected within an appropriate range for securing a desired adhesive strength or adhesive strength.
- the thickness may be in the range of approximately 1 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
- the thickness is 2 ⁇ m or more, 3 ⁇ m or more, 4 ⁇ m or more, 5 ⁇ m or more, 6 ⁇ m or more, 7 ⁇ m or more, 8 ⁇ m or more, 9 ⁇ m or more, or 10 ⁇ m or more, or 45 ⁇ m or less, 40 ⁇ m or less in another example. , 35 ⁇ m or less, 30 ⁇ m or less, 25 ⁇ m or less, 20 ⁇ m or less, 15 ⁇ m or less, or 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the initial alignment of the liquid crystal compound which is formed by the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer or the adhesive layer and/or the liquid crystal alignment layer in the liquid crystal layer as the light modulation layer, may be a vertical alignment, a horizontal alignment, an inclined alignment, or a spray alignment.
- the liquid crystal compound in the vertical alignment, horizontal alignment, oblique alignment state, or spray alignment state, may be twisted to exist in a twisting alignment or a cholesteric alignment state, or it may not.
- the initial alignment refers to an alignment in a state in which an external signal such as a voltage is not applied to the light modulation layer including the liquid crystal compound.
- the meaning of the horizontal orientation, oblique orientation, vertical orientation or spray orientation is as known in the art.
- the liquid crystal compound of the light modulation layer maintains the horizontal alignment, the inclined alignment, the vertical alignment, or the spray alignment in the initial state, and may be changed to a different alignment state according to an external signal.
- the initial alignment of the liquid crystal compound in the light modulation layer may be a vertical alignment or an alignment state similar to the vertical alignment.
- Such an alignment state is obtained by applying a vertical alignment film as the liquid crystal alignment film.
- Such an orientation is useful in a device implementing a so-called R-TN (Reversed Twisted Nematic) orientation.
- the in-plane retardation (based on a wavelength of 550 nm) of the optical modulation layer in the vertical alignment or in an alignment state similar to the vertical alignment is, for example, about 30 nm or less, 25 nm or less, 20 nm or less, 15 nm or less, 10 nm or less, or 5 nm or less, 0 nm or more, or more than 0 nm.
- the in-plane retardation may be obtained according to Equation 1 above.
- the light modulation film layer may further include a spacer for maintaining a spacer between the first and second substrates.
- a spacer for maintaining a spacer between the first and second substrates.
- a spacer as a commonly applied spacer, a ball spacer, a column spacer, or a barrier rib spacer may be applied.
- the barrier rib spacer may be used as the spacer, and in particular, the barrier rib spacer in which the barrier ribs form at least one closed shape may be applied.
- a hexagon eg, a regular hexagon
- a quadrangle eg, a square or a rectangle
- the partition wall spacer in which the closed shape is a hexagon, particularly a regular hexagon is also called a so-called honeycomb type spacer.
- a honeycomb or quadrangular barrier rib spacer is a case in which the shape formed by the barrier rib spacer is a honeycomb or quadrangle when the shape of the barrier rib spacer formed on the substrate is observed in the normal direction of the substrate. it means.
- the honeycomb type is usually a combination of a regular hexagon, and in the case of a quadrangle, there may be a square, a rectangle, or a combination of a square and a rectangle.
- a barrier rib spacer may be used as the spacer in consideration of the adhesion between the first and second substrates, but is not limited thereto.
- the pitch of the spacers may also be appropriately selected in consideration of a desired adhesion force or cell gap maintenance efficiency.
- the pitch of the barrier rib spacer when the barrier rib spacer is applied, the pitch of the barrier rib spacer may be in the range of 50 ⁇ m to 2,000 ⁇ m.
- a method of obtaining the pitch in the partition wall spacer is known.
- the pitch is obtained through the spacing between the sides facing in the hexagon constituting the honeycomb, and in the case of the rectangular spacer, the pitch is obtained through the length of the side of the rectangle.
- the average value thereof may be defined as the pitch.
- the area of the closed figure ie, an area of, for example, a hexagon or a square
- the area is an arithmetic mean.
- a line width of the barrier rib spacer for example, a width of each hexagonal or quadrangular wall constituting the honeycomb may be, for example, in a range of about 5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m. In another example, the line width may be about 10 ⁇ m or more or 15 ⁇ m or more, or 45 ⁇ m or less, 40 ⁇ m or less, 35 ⁇ m or less, 30 ⁇ m or less, 25 ⁇ m or less, or 20 ⁇ m or less.
- the cell gap is properly maintained, and the adhesion between the substrates can be maintained excellently.
- a method of forming the ball spacer, column spacer, or barrier rib spacer as described above between substrates is known.
- An electrode layer may be formed on each substrate of the light modulation film layer as a component for applying an external signal to the light modulation layer.
- an electrode layer may be present between the first surface and the pressure-sensitive adhesive or adhesive layer in the first substrate (between 100 and 1001 in FIG. 2) and/or between the first surface and the alignment layer in the second substrate (200 and 2001 in FIG. 2) (between the spacer, between the spacer and the alignment layer).
- the electrode layer is formed between the first surface of the second substrate and the spacer and alignment film. can be located between
- a known transparent electrode layer may be applied.
- a so-called conductive polymer layer, a conductive metal layer, a conductive nanowire layer, or a metal oxide layer such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) may be used as the electrode layer.
- ITO Indium Tin Oxide
- various materials and methods for forming the transparent electrode layer are known and can be applied without limitation.
- the light modulation device basically includes the light modulation film layer, and may include additional other components as necessary. That is, depending on the driving mode, the above-described transmission, blocking, high reflection and/or low reflection modes can be implemented and switched between them even with the light modulation film layer alone, but in order to facilitate the implementation or switching of these modes It is also possible to include additional components.
- the device may further include a polarization layer (passive polarization layer) disposed on one side or both sides of the light modulation film layer.
- a polarization layer passive polarization layer
- 3 is an example of the structure
- the polarization layer 400 is disposed on only one surface of the light modulation film layer
- FIG. 4 is a polarization layer on both sides of the light modulation film layer in the structure of FIG. 2 ( 400) is placed.
- the partition wall spacer is applied as a spacer and has a rectangular shape (square or rectangular), it is appropriate that the sides of the rectangle and the absorption axis of the polarizing layer are substantially perpendicular or horizontal to each other.
- the term polarization layer may refer to a device that converts natural light or unpolarized light into polarized light.
- the polarization layer may be a linear polarization layer.
- the linear polarization layer refers to a case in which selectively transmitted light is linearly polarized light vibrating in one direction, and selectively absorbed or reflected light is linearly polarized light vibrating in a direction orthogonal to the vibration direction of the linearly polarized light. That is, the linear polarization layer may have a transmission axis and an absorption axis or a reflection axis orthogonal to each other in a plane direction.
- the polarization layer may be an absorption type polarization layer or a reflection type polarization layer.
- absorption-type polarizing layer for example, a polarizing layer in which iodine is dyed on a polymer stretched film, such as a PVA (poly(vinyl alcohol)) stretched film, or a liquid crystal polymerized in an aligned state as a host, and the liquid crystal
- a guest-host type polarizing layer having a dichroic dye arranged according to orientation as a guest may be used, but is not limited thereto.
- a reflective polarizing layer for example, a reflective polarizing layer known as a so-called DBEF (Dual Brightness Enhancement Film) or a reflective polarizing layer formed by coating a liquid crystal compound such as LLC (Lyotropic liquid crystal) may be used.
- DBEF Double Brightness Enhancement Film
- LLC Lithotropic liquid crystal
- the polarizing layer may be disposed on both sides of the light modulation film layer.
- the angle formed by the transmission axes of the polarizing layers disposed on both sides may be within the range of 85 degrees to 95 degrees or approximately vertical.
- the light modulation device may include other necessary components in addition to the above components.
- Any other components necessary for driving or using an optical modulation device, such as an -infrared cut layer, may be added.
- a method of manufacturing the light modulation device is not particularly limited, and the device may be manufactured through a known method except that the above element is applied as each component.
- the present application also relates to an automobile including the light modulation device.
- the optical modulation device as described above is included in a sunroof or glass.
- the glass may be the front glass 100 , the side glass 200 , or the rear glass 300 of the vehicle.
- the sunroof 400 formed only in a partial area on the ceiling of the vehicle is illustrated in FIG. 1
- the shape of the sunroof of the present application is not limited to that illustrated in FIG. 1 , and for example, a so-called panoramic sunroof.
- a design in which a significant part of the vehicle's ceiling is made up of a sunroof is also included.
- the light modulation device of the present application may constitute the sunroof or vehicle glass as a whole, or may form a part thereof.
- the optical axis of the substrate in the width direction of the automobile (that is, the direction indicated by the dotted line).
- the optical axis of the substrate is in the direction of the ground (ie, as indicated by the dotted line in FIG. 1 , in a state in which the vehicle is in contact with four wheels on the ground, in a direction parallel to the ground or in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle) can be parallel to
- the method of configuring the vehicle as described above is not particularly limited, and a method of constructing a sunroof or glass of a vehicle is generally adopted, but the above-described arrangement is achieved in consideration of the optical axis direction of the light modulation device during the construction. You have to go through the process to make it happen.
- the present application provides an optical modulation device including an anisotropic plastic substrate and an automobile in which the optical modulation device is applied to a sunroof and/or glass, and while taking advantage of the optical modulation device, disadvantages due to the application of the anisotropic plastic substrate It is possible to provide a vehicle that can be eliminated or improved.
- FIG. 1 is a view showing the exterior of an exemplary automobile.
- FIGS. 2 to 4 are schematic diagrams of an exemplary light modulation device of the present application.
- 5 to 16 are photographs showing results of evaluating the uniformity of optical properties assuming that the light modulation device is applied to a vehicle sunroof or glass.
- a polyester film with a thickness of about 145 ⁇ m in which an indium tin oxide (ITO) layer is deposited on each first surface (SKC, high stretch PET, in-plane retardation (based on a wavelength of 550 nm): about 10,000 nm).
- a horizontal photo-alignment film (AMP21, LG Chem, norbornene series) was formed on the surface of the ITO layer of the first and second substrates, respectively.
- the alignment film when the alignment film is formed on the surface of the ITO layer of the second substrate, ball spacers having an average diameter (D50 diameter) of about 12 ⁇ m are dispersed in the alignment film material so that the thickness of the liquid crystal layer in the final product (cell gap) is the ball was held by a spacer.
- the alignment of the photo-alignment layer was performed by irradiation of linearly polarized ultraviolet light, and the alignment of the liquid crystal compound by the photo-alignment layer was made to be approximately horizontal with the slow axis of the substrate.
- a liquid crystal composition (MDA-14-1235, manufactured by Merck) containing a dichroic dye is coated on the alignment layer of the second substrate, and the surface on which the alignment layer of the first substrate is formed faces the coated side of the liquid crystal composition It was laminated to make a light modulation film layer.
- an optical modulation device was manufactured by attaching a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based absorption-type linear polarization layer to one surface of the optical modulation film layer. At the time of the attachment, the absorption axis of the linear polarization layer and the slow axis of the substrate were horizontal to each other.
- PVA poly(vinyl alcohol)
- the non-uniformity of light transmittance was evaluated by applying the light modulation device (A) of Preparation Example 1 to a sunroof of an automobile.
- a surface light source is disposed on the rear surface of the light modulation device, and the light modulation device is mounted on a sunroof position of the vehicle so that the slow axis of the substrate of the device is parallel to the width of the vehicle and then observed from the front. , the non-uniformity in the case of moving the gaze to the left and right was evaluated (Test 1).
- a surface light source is disposed on the rear side of the light modulation device, and the light modulation device is mounted on a sunroof position of the vehicle so that the slow axis of the substrate of the device is perpendicular to the width of the vehicle.
- the non-uniformity in the case of moving to was evaluated (Test 2).
- Test 1 corresponds to Example 1
- Test 2 corresponds to Comparative Example 1.
- FIGS. 8 to 10 are the front, left, and right observations of Test 2, respectively.
- a polyester film (SKC, high-stretch PET, in-plane retardation (550 nm wavelength): about 10,000 nm) having a thickness of about 145 ⁇ m in which an ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) layer is deposited on the first surface.
- a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer was formed on the first surface of the first substrate.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer was formed by coating a bar with a silicone pressure-sensitive adhesive composition (Shinetsu, KR3700) and drying it at about 150° C. for 5 minutes to have a thickness of about 10 ⁇ m.
- the same substrate as the first substrate was applied.
- the pitch of regular hexagons (closed shape) constituting the honeycomb is about 350 ⁇ m
- the height (cell gap) is about 6 ⁇ m
- the line width is about
- a barrier rib spacer of about 10 ⁇ m was formed in an area ratio of about 9%
- a vertical alignment layer (5661LB3, Nissan Corporation) was formed on the formed spacer.
- the vertical alignment layer was formed by rubbing in one direction.
- a liquid crystal composition was coated on the surface of the vertical alignment film of the second substrate, and the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer of the first substrate was laminated to face the coated surface of the liquid crystal composition to prepare a light modulation film layer.
- liquid crystal composition a composition prepared by mixing a liquid crystal compound (MAT-19-1261, manufactured by Merck) with a chiral dopant (S811, manufactured by Merck) to achieve a pitch of about 20 ⁇ m was used. Then, two layers of a PVA (poly(vinyl alcohol))-based absorption-type linear polarization layer were attached to both sides of the light modulation film layer to fabricate a light modulation device. At the time of the attachment, the absorption axis of the linear polarization layer and the slow axis of the substrate were perpendicular or horizontal to each other, and the absorption axis between the two polarization layers was perpendicular to each other.
- a liquid crystal compound MAT-19-1261, manufactured by Merck
- S811, manufactured by Merck chiral dopant
- the non-uniformity of light transmittance was evaluated by applying the light modulation device (A) of Preparation Example 2 to a sunroof of an automobile.
- a surface light source is disposed on the rear surface of the light modulation device, and the light modulation device is mounted on a sunroof position of the vehicle so that the slow axis of the substrate of the device is parallel to the width of the vehicle and then observed from the front. , the non-uniformity in the case of moving the gaze to the left and right was evaluated (Test 3).
- a surface light source is disposed on the rear side of the light modulation device, and the light modulation device is mounted on a sunroof position of the vehicle so that the slow axis of the substrate of the device is perpendicular to the width of the vehicle.
- the non-uniformity in the case of moving to was evaluated (Test 4).
- Test 3 corresponds to Example 2
- Test 4 corresponds to Comparative Example 2.
- FIGS. 14 to 16 are the front, left, and right observations of Test 4, respectively.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (14)
- 자동차의 선루프에 포함되는 광변조 디바이스로서,각각 제 1 표면을 가지며, 서로의 제 1 표면이 대향 배치되어 있는 제 1 및 제 2 이방성 기판; 및 상기 제 1 및 제 2 이방성 기판의 제 1 표면의 사이에 배치되는 액정층을 포함하는 광변조 필름층을 포함하고,상기 제 1 또는 제 2 이방성 기판의 지상축은 상기 자동차의 폭 방향과 평행하게 배치되도록 형성되어 있는 광변조 디바이스.
- 자동차의 전면, 후방 또는 측면 유리에 포함되어 있는 광변조 디바이스로서,각각 제 1 표면을 가지며, 서로의 제 1 표면이 대향 배치되어 있는 제 1 및 제 2 이방성 기판; 및 상기 제 1 및 제 2 이방성 기판의 제 1 표면의 사이에 배치되는 액정층을 포함하는 광변조 필름층을 포함하고,상기 제 1 또는 제 2 이방성 기판의 지상축이 상기 자동차의 길이 방향과 평행하도록 배치되도록 형성되어 있는 광변조 디바이스.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 광변조 디바이스에는 자동차의 선루프로 장착될 수 있는 체결 수단 또는 체결 부위가 존재하거나, 또는 상기 광변조 디바이스가 상기 선루프와 같은 형상을 가지고, 상기 체결 수단, 체결 부위 또는 형상에 따라서 상기 광변조 디바이스를 상기 자동차의 선루프로 장착하면, 제 1 또는 제 2 이방성 기판의 지상축이 상기 자동차의 폭 방향과 평행하게 배치되도록 상기 체결 수단, 체결 부위 또는 형상이 결정되어 있는 광변조 디바이스.
- 제 2 항에 있어서, 광변조 디바이스에는 자동차의 전면, 후방 또는 측면 유리로 장착될 수 있는 체결 수단 또는 체결 부위가 존재하거나, 또는 상기 광변조 디바이스가 상기 전면, 후방 또는 측면 유리와 같은 형상을 가지고, 상기 체결 수단, 체결 부위 또는 형상에 따라서 상기 광변조 디바이스를 상기 자동차의 전면, 후방 또는 측면 유리로 장착하면, 제 1 또는 제 2 이방성 기판의 지상축이 상기 자동차의 길이 방향과 평행하게 배치되도록 상기 체결 수단, 체결 부위 또는 형상이 결정되어 있는 광변조 디바이스.
- 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서, 제 1 및 제 2 이방성 기판의 지상축이 서로 평행한 광변조 디바이스.
- 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서, 제 1 및 제 2 이방성 기판은 각각 면내 위상차가 400 nm 이상인 광변조 디바이스.
- 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서, 제 1 이방성 기판의 제 1 표면과 제 2 이방성 기판의 제 1 표면에 각각 액정 배향막이 존재하는 광변조 디바이스.
- 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서, 제 1 이방성 기판의 제 1 표면에는 점착제층 또는 접착제층이 존재하고, 제 2 이방성 기판의 제 1 표면에는 액정 배향막이 존재하는 광변조 디바이스.
- 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서, 광변조 필름층의 일측에만 배치된 편광층을 추가로 포함하고, 액정층은, 액정 화합물과 이색성 염료를 포함하는 광변조 디바이스.
- 제 9 항에 있어서, 편광층의 흡수축과 제 1 또는 제 2 이방성 기판의 지상축은 서로 수직 또는 수평한 광변조 디바이스.
- 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서, 광변조 필름층의 양측에 배치된 편광층을 추가로 포함하고, 액정층은, 액정 화합물과 키랄 도펀트를 포함하는 광변조 디바이스.
- 제 11 항에 있어서, 편광층의 흡수축과 제 1 또는 제 2 이방성 기판의 지상축은 서로 수직 또는 수평한 광변조 디바이스.
- 광변조 디바이스가 선루프에 포함되어 있는 자동차로서,상기 광변조 디바이스는, 광변조 필름층을 포함하고,상기 광변조 필름층은, 각각 제 1 표면을 가지며, 서로의 제 1 표면이 대향 배치되어 있는 제 1 및 제 2 이방성 기판; 및 상기 제 1 및 제 2 이방성 기판의 제 1 표면의 사이에 배치되는 액정층을 포함하며,상기 제 1 또는 제 2 이방성 기판의 지상축이 자동차의 폭 방향과 평행하도록 배치되어 있는 자동차.
- 광변조 디바이스가 전면, 후방 또는 측면 유리에 포함되어 있는 자동차로서,상기 광변조 디바이스는, 광변조 필름층을 포함하고,상기 광변조 필름층은, 각각 제 1 표면을 가지며, 서로의 제 1 표면이 대향 배치되어 있는 제 1 및 제 2 이방성 기판; 및 상기 제 1 및 제 2 이방성 기판의 제 1 표면의 사이에 배치되는 액정층을 포함하며,상기 제 1 또는 제 2 이방성 기판의 지상축이 자동차의 길이 방향과 평행하도록 배치되어 있는 자동차.
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US18/006,010 US20240036400A1 (en) | 2020-07-24 | 2021-07-22 | Light Modulating Device and Automobile |
EP21846811.4A EP4187291A4 (en) | 2020-07-24 | 2021-07-22 | OPTICAL MODULATION DEVICE AND VEHICLE |
JP2023500111A JP7497556B2 (ja) | 2020-07-24 | 2021-07-22 | 光変調デバイスおよび自動車 |
CN202180047904.8A CN115836237A (zh) | 2020-07-24 | 2021-07-22 | 光调制装置和汽车 |
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2021
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- 2021-07-22 CN CN202180047904.8A patent/CN115836237A/zh active Pending
- 2021-07-22 WO PCT/KR2021/009498 patent/WO2022019683A1/ko active Application Filing
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JP2023533269A (ja) | 2023-08-02 |
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EP4187291A4 (en) | 2023-09-27 |
TWI784633B (zh) | 2022-11-21 |
CN115836237A (zh) | 2023-03-21 |
JP7497556B2 (ja) | 2024-06-11 |
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