WO2022011822A1 - 一种电机及磁刹器 - Google Patents

一种电机及磁刹器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022011822A1
WO2022011822A1 PCT/CN2020/115746 CN2020115746W WO2022011822A1 WO 2022011822 A1 WO2022011822 A1 WO 2022011822A1 CN 2020115746 W CN2020115746 W CN 2020115746W WO 2022011822 A1 WO2022011822 A1 WO 2022011822A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
magnetic brake
handle
seat
plate
brake
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2020/115746
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
唐达联
张墨染
蔡超
Original Assignee
南京康尼智能技术有限公司
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Application filed by 南京康尼智能技术有限公司 filed Critical 南京康尼智能技术有限公司
Publication of WO2022011822A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022011822A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/102—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with friction brakes
    • H02K7/1021—Magnetically influenced friction brakes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/102—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with friction brakes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a motor, in particular to a wheel hub motor and an electromagnetic braking device for the motor.
  • the in-wheel motors of existing electric vehicles use brushless and toothless motors or brushless and toothed motors, both of which are currently widely used in various products. Its braking is completed by relying on the external mechanical structure or electronic braking.
  • the mechanical brake has a complicated structure, and the exposed part of the brake will have dust and sediment entering, which will weaken the braking effect.
  • the brake cable routing and the brake handle take up the space of the whole vehicle, which affects the appearance of the whole vehicle, and the overall cost is high; the effect of the electronic brake is poor at low speed. , no parking brake capability.
  • the existing in-wheel motors generally do not have the function of automatic braking when power is cut off, in the case of normal power failure on up and down slopes, automatic parking cannot be completed, and manual control is required to complete the braking.
  • the applicability of such in-wheel motors is poor.
  • the present invention provides a motor with stronger parking braking function.
  • the motor provided by the present invention includes a stator assembly, a rotor assembly and a magnetic brake
  • the magnetic brake includes a magnetic brake seat, a moving plate, a friction plate and a stator
  • the moving plate can be axially relative to the magnetic brake seat. Move and fix in the circumferential direction; the stator is fixedly connected with the magnetic brake seat;
  • the magnetic brake When energized, the magnetic brake is energized to release the brake, the moving plate is attracted to the magnetic brake seat, and the friction plate rotates freely with the rotor cover;
  • the magnetic brake When the power is turned off, the magnetic brake is de-energized and braked, the moving piece is pushed to the fixed piece by the built-in compression spring of the magnetic brake seat, the friction piece is clamped by the fixed piece and the moving piece, and the rotation stops.
  • the friction plate is in the shape of a circular ring, and the outer circumference of the friction plate has a card lug, and the rotor cover has a card groove.
  • the card lug and the card groove form a constraint in the circumferential direction and form dynamic contact in the axial direction. .
  • a manual unlocking device is set on the magnetic brake to realize manual pushing.
  • the manual unlocking device includes a pull rod, a steel ball, a compression spring, a handle and a pressure plate.
  • the moving piece By rotating the handle and changing the steel ball in the two positions of the guide groove, the moving piece can move axially, but cannot rotate in the circumferential direction.
  • the moving piece and the magnetic brake seat can be clutched through the lever and handle.
  • the specific principle is that when the handle is toggled, the steel ball moves in the high and low grooves, creating a gap between the handle and the end face of the magnetic brake seat at a high position, and the handle drives the pull rod to keep the moving piece away from the stator, thereby realizing manual release of the brake.
  • the handle controls the gain and loss of power of the magnetic brake by controlling the micro switch; when the vehicle needs to be pushed manually, the handle releases the circuit switch to disconnect the circuit, so as to avoid the magnetic brake being energized and sucked for a long time. Timely power consumption and heat will affect the service life of the product.
  • the handle adopts a segmented structure of a handle base and a handle rod, the handle base and the handle rod are connected by screws, and two sets of screw holes are arranged on the handle base, and the screw holes are used to install the left handle rod or the right handle rod , to meet the installation requirements of the left and right motors.
  • the outer circle of the handle seat is smaller than the magnetic brake seat, which is convenient for the installation of the end cover and the end cover bearing.
  • the handle seat is provided with a circular arc groove corresponding to the steel ball guide groove, and a positioning pin is arranged in the circular arc groove to control the rotation range of the handle body.
  • the magnetic brake is also provided with a stator spacer, the stator is fixed on the magnetic brake seat, and a stator spacer is arranged on the stator and the magnetic brake seat. Use the stator spacer to control the distance between the stator and the magnetic brake seat.
  • the fixed screw and the spacer can limit the circumferential rotation of the moving piece, and the moving piece can move axially along the spacer.
  • the present invention also provides a magnetic brake, which includes a magnetic brake seat, a moving plate, a friction plate and a fixed plate; the friction plate is in the shape of a circular ring, and the outer circumference of the friction plate is provided with a clip, and the clip is engaged with the rotor cover.
  • the groove is splined in the circumferential direction and forms dynamic contact in the axial direction;
  • the moving plate When the power is off, the moving plate is pushed to the fixed plate by the built-in compression spring of the magnetic brake seat, and the friction plate is clamped by the fixed plate and the moving plate to stop the car.
  • the handle installed on the outside of the magnetic brake seat can adopt different limiting mechanism forms, such as the handle is installed under the three-blade pressure plate, or the handle is installed on the transition seat, and the circlip is installed on the tubular protrusion of the transition seat.
  • the principle of the invention adopt the form of three tie rods to suspend the moving piece, and leave a 15-20 wire active gap between the moving piece, the friction piece, the fixed piece and the magnetic brake seat, which can be adjusted directly through the thread of the tie rod during the assembly process.
  • the friction plate is in the shape of a circular ring, and its outer circumference is provided with a card lug, and a matching card groove is arranged on the end face of the rotor cover.
  • the gap makes the rotor cover and the friction plate form dynamic contact in the axial direction, which is conducive to the assembly of the motor, and can eliminate the accumulation of errors and cause product defects; when braking, the friction torque is generated on both sides of the overall ring of the friction plate, and the friction area is doubled, and the effect is large. increase.
  • the invention provides a highly integrated electromagnetic braking mechanism for the wheel hub motor, which directly completes the braking of the vehicle through its own electric braking system, optimizes the cumbersome vehicle structure of the mechanical structure braking, and improves the automatic parking system lacking in the electronic brake. Slope function; the device provides a braking state after the vehicle is parked to prevent the vehicle from sliding or slipping backwards; when manual push is required, the moving piece can be closed by the handle to become manual push.
  • the rotor cover of the present invention is in dynamic contact with the friction plate, which is beneficial to the assembly of the motor and can eliminate accumulated errors and cause product defects; at the same time, the friction plate is a full-ring, double-sided brake combination, which has better braking effect; moreover, the handle is in a two-way position , which provides convenience for the left and right installation of the dual-drive motor. It is suitable for the left and right installation drive form, which is beneficial to realize the dual drive of the vehicle, utilize the differential steering function of the left and right wheels, and meet the function of parking brake at the same time.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a motor according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the rotor cover in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is the assembly drawing of the magnetic brake in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the magnetic brake in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 5 is the use state schematic diagram of handle segment design
  • Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram that handle adopts transition seat type installation structure
  • stator assembly 1 rotor assembly 2, magnetic brake protective cover 3, magnetic brake 4, rotor cover 24, magnetic brake seat 401, stator 402, friction plate 403, moving plate 404, stator spacer 405, Pull rod 406 , steel ball 407 , handle 408 , handle seat 4081 , handle rod 4082 , micro switch 410 , transition seat 411 , pressure plate 412 , positioning pin 413 .
  • the motor of this embodiment consists of three parts: a stator assembly 1 , a rotor assembly 2 and a magnetic brake 4 , and a magnetic brake protective cover 3 for waterproof and dustproof is installed on the magnetic brake 4 .
  • stator assembly 1 the stator laminations and windings are connected to the motor shaft through a flat key after assembling the electric appliance.
  • the magnetic steel sheet is attached to the inner side of the rotor, and the other side of the rotor is screwed to connect the gear train components, which are connected by the sun gear, the planetary gear, the inner gear and the hub to reduce the output of the motor and increase the torque.
  • the open side of the rotor is screwed and fixed with the rotor cover 24, and the rotor assembly is used to convert electrical energy into kinetic energy.
  • the rotor cover 24 has engaging grooves matching with the engaging lugs on the outer circumference of the friction plate.
  • the magnetic brake 4 includes a magnetic brake seat 401 with a built-in electromagnetic coil, a ferromagnetic material moving piece 404 for being attracted by the magnetic brake seat, a friction plate 403 , a stator 402 , and a stator
  • the spacer 405 , the pull rod 406 , the steel ball 407 , the compression spring, the handle 408 , the micro switch 410 and the three-blade-shaped pressure plate 412 There are coils in the inner groove of the magnetic brake seat 401, and there are compression spring fixing holes, pull rod transition holes and fixed thread holes around the magnetic brake seat 401.
  • the magnetic brake seat 401 is fixedly connected with the motor shaft with a flat key; the friction plate 403 is round Ring form, there are lugs around the outer circumference, installed between the moving plate 404 and the fixed plate 402. When braking, the friction plate 403 generates friction torque on both sides, and the effect is doubled; the moving plate 404 can move axially relative to the magnetic brake seat 401.
  • the stator 402 is fixedly connected with the magnetic brake seat 401 .
  • the magnetic brake 4 is also provided with a stator spacer 405.
  • the stator 402 is fixedly installed on the magnetic brake seat 401 through bolts and fixed threaded holes, and the stator spacer 405 is used to control the distance between the stator 402 and the magnetic brake seat 401. distance.
  • a positioning steel ball 407 At one end of the magnetic brake 4 away from the stator 402 , a positioning steel ball 407 , a handle 408 , a three-blade pressing plate 412 and a pull rod 406 are arranged.
  • the depth gradually increases, one side of the positioning steel ball 407 is in contact with the magnetic brake seat, and the other side is engaged with the steel ball positioning hole of the handle.
  • the handle 408 realizes the clutching between the moving piece 404 and the magnetic brake seat 401.
  • a micro switch 410 is also provided at the end of the magnetic brake 4 away from the stator 402 , and the handle 408 can control the power on and off of the magnetic brake 4 by controlling the micro switch 410 .
  • the handle 408 releases the circuit switch to disconnect the circuit, so as to avoid power consumption, heat generation and shortening of life when the magnetic brake is energized and closed for a long time.
  • the handle 408 has a limited arc groove, and the magnetic brake base 401 has a positioning pin 413 to control the rotation range of the handle.
  • the bump on the handle 408 triggers the contact of the microswitch 410 .
  • the magnetic brake 4 is energized, and the moving plate 404 is attracted to the magnetic brake seat.
  • the friction plate 403 can rotate with the rotor cover 24 and is in a free state.
  • the magnetic brake 4 releases the brake.
  • the magnetic brake 4 loses power.
  • the moving plate 404 is pushed to the stator 402 by the built-in compression spring of the magnetic brake seat, and the friction plate 403 is in a non-free state, which causes the rotor assembly 2 to stop rotating, that is, the magnetic brake 4 brake.
  • the handle drives the pull rod to keep the moving piece 404 away from the fixed piece 402, so as to release the brake manually.
  • the braking sequence is: friction plate--rotor cover--rotor--sun gear--planet gear--ring gear--hub/tire. Conversely, release, the wheel can be turned.
  • the magnetic brake principle has been explained in detail in the inventor's previous patent application document CN106685137A, and the present application is mainly a further improvement on its basis.
  • the handle 408 is designed in sections as a handle seat and a handle rod, which are connected by screws.
  • the handle seat has two sets of screw holes corresponding to the circumferential direction. According to the left and right installation requirements of the product, the handle rod can be installed on the handle seat correspondingly. one of the above two locations.
  • the outer circle of the handle seat is smaller than the magnetic brake seat, which is convenient for the installation of the end cover and the end cover bearing.
  • the handle 408 can also be installed by using a transition seat 411 with a structure protruding from a tubular mounting boss at the center, and the handle 408 can be installed and positioned by using a ring groove on the boss to set a retaining spring.
  • the pull rod 406 passes through the magnetic brake seat 401 to connect the moving piece 404 and the transition seat 411 left and right.
  • the transition seat 411 moves axially to realize the clutch of the moving piece 404 and the magnetic brake seat 401 .
  • the lugs around the outer circumference of the annular friction plate are used to match the grooves embedded in the rotor cover.
  • the two are mutually restrained in the circumferential direction and have a certain movable gap in the axial direction, so the rotor cover and the friction plate are in dynamic contact. It is beneficial to the assembly of the motor, and can eliminate the accumulated error caused by the defective product; at the same time, the friction plate is combined with a full-ring and double-sided brake, and the braking effect is better; moreover, the handle is in a two-way position, which provides convenience for the left and right installation of the dual-drive motor. It is suitable for the left and right installation of the motor, which can realize the dual-drive and steering functions of the vehicle, and at the same time meet the function of parking on the slope.
  • the invention adopts a full-ring friction plate structure that forms dynamic contact with the rotor cover, which is beneficial to the process control of motor assembly, can eliminate accumulated errors and cause product defects; and realizes the combination of double-sided braking and has a more reliable braking effect.
  • the friction plate and the rotor cover are the structure of the lug and the groove, and can also be extended to other matching structures, which are also within the protection scope of this patent.
  • the present invention provides a brand-new structure and design method for the electromagnetic braking of the in-wheel motor.
  • the described embodiments are part of the present invention, not all of the embodiments.
  • the components of the embodiments of the invention generally described and illustrated in the drawings herein may be arranged and designed in a variety of different configurations.
  • the detailed descriptions of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings are not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but are merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种电机及磁刹器，该电机包括定子组件、转子组件和磁刹器，磁刹器包括磁刹座、动片、摩擦片及定片，动片相对磁刹座可以轴向移动，定片与磁刹座固定连接；通电时磁刹器得电解除制动，断电时磁刹器失电制动。本发明采用与转子罩形成动接触的全环摩擦片结构，有利于电机装配的工艺控制，可以消除轴向积累误差造成产品不良；而且双面刹车接触面积更大，制动效果更强。

Description

一种电机及磁刹器 技术领域
本发明涉及一种电机，具体涉及一种轮毂电机，以及用于该电机的电磁制动装置。
 背景技术
现有电动车的轮毂电机采用无刷无齿或无刷有齿的电机，目前这两种型式均大量应用在各类产品上。其制动是依托外部的机械结构或电子刹车完成的。机械刹车结构繁杂，刹车部分外露会有灰尘及泥沙进入造成刹车效果减弱，刹线走线和刹把占用整车空间、影响整车的美观，综合成本较高；电子刹车在低速时效果差，无驻车制动能力。同时，目前市面上轮毂电机单驱动功能目前已有一些解决方案。但在双驱动功能形式上尚无可行性的解决方案。
而且由于现有轮毂电机普遍没有断电自动制动功能，在正常上下坡断电的情况下，无法完成自动驻车，需要人为控制完成刹车。在一些特殊安全性要求更高的移动装备上，如电动轮椅、AGV车等，此类轮毂电机的适用性较差。
设计人基于从事此类产品设计制造多年丰富的实务经验及专业知识，并配合学理的运用，积极加以研究创新，以期创设一种新型结构的轮毂电机，使其更具实用性。经过不断研究、设计，并经反复试作样品及改进后，终于创设出确具实用价值的本发明。
 技术问题
发明目的：为了克服现有技术中存在的不足，本发明提供一种驻车制动功能更强的电机。
 技术解决方案
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供的电机包括定子组件、转子组件和磁刹器，所述磁刹器包括磁刹座、动片、摩擦片和定片，动片相对磁刹座可以轴向移动，周向固定；定片与磁刹座固定连接；
当通电时，磁刹器得电解除制动，动片被吸向磁刹座，摩擦片随转子罩自由转动；
当断电时，磁刹器失电制动，动片被磁刹座内置压簧推向定片，摩擦片被定片与动片夹紧，转动停止。
具体地，所述摩擦片呈圆环形，其外圆周边具有卡耳，所述转子罩上具有卡槽，所述卡耳与卡槽在周向上形成约束，并在轴向上形成动接触。
进一步地，在磁刹器上设置手动解锁装置，来实现手动推行，所述手动解锁装置包括拉杆、钢珠、压簧、手柄和压板，在压板周边有拉杆固定孔、手柄内侧有钢珠定位孔、中心有电机轴过孔；定位钢珠在钢珠导向槽内移动，钢珠导向槽的一端到另一端深度逐渐增加（高低槽），定位钢珠布置在定位孔内、一侧与磁刹座钢珠导向槽接触、另一侧被手柄的定位孔限位。
通过转动手柄、钢珠在导向槽的二个位置变换，动片可轴向移动，不可周向转动。通过拉杆、手柄可以实现动片与磁刹座离合。具体原理，是在拨动手柄时，钢珠在高低槽中移动，在高位使手柄与磁刹座端面产生间隙，手柄带动拉杆，使动片远离定片，进而实现手动形式释放刹车。
具体地，还包括微动开关，手柄通过控制微动开关控制磁刹器的得、失电；在需要手动推动车辆时，手柄释放电路开关，使电路断开，避免磁刹器长时间通电吸合时耗电、发热而影响产品使用寿命。
具体地，所述手柄采用手柄座和手柄杆的分段式结构，手柄座与手柄杆由螺钉连接，手柄座上布置两组螺丝孔，螺丝孔用于安装左侧手柄杆或右侧手柄杆，适应左、右电机的安装要求。手柄座外圆小于磁刹座，便于端盖及端盖轴承安装。
具体地，手柄座上有对应于钢珠导向槽的圆弧槽，圆弧槽内有定位销，控制手柄体的转动范围。磁刹器上还设有定片隔套，定片固定在磁刹座上，定片和磁刹座上设置定片隔套。利用定片隔套控制定片与磁刹座的距离。定片固定螺杆与隔套可以限制动片周向转动，动片可沿隔套轴向移动。
本发明同时提供一种磁刹器，包括磁刹座、动片、摩擦片和定片；所述摩擦片呈圆环形，其外圆周边具有卡耳，所述卡耳与转子罩的卡槽在周向上花键式约束，并在轴向上形成动接触；
得电时解除制动，动片被吸向磁刹座，摩擦片随转子罩转动，电机转动，车行驶；
失电时制动，动片被磁刹座内置压簧推向定片，摩擦片被定片与动片夹紧，将车停住。
具体地，磁刹座外侧安装的手柄，可以采用不同的限位机构形式，比如手柄安装在三叶片式压板下方，或者手柄安装在过渡座上，在过渡座管状凸起上安装卡簧。
发明原理：采用三根拉杆吊动片的形式，在动片、摩擦片、定片、磁刹座之间留出15-20丝的活动间隙，在装配过程中可直接通过拉杆的螺纹进行调节。摩擦片呈圆环形，其外圆周边具有卡耳，并在转子罩端面布置与之相配的卡槽，卡耳与卡槽在周向上形成花键式的约束，同时在轴向上具备活动间隙，令转子罩与摩擦片在轴向上形成动接触，有利于电机装配、可以消除积累误差造成产品不良；刹车时，摩擦片整体圆环双面产生摩擦扭矩，摩擦面积翻倍，效果大增。
 有益效果
本发明为轮毂电机提供了一种高度集成的电磁制动机构，通过本身的电刹系统直接完成车辆的刹车制动，优化了机械结构刹车的繁琐整车结构、完善了电子刹车欠缺的自动驻坡功能；该装置提供了车辆停车后，一直保持制动状态，防止车辆滑行或后溜；当需要手动推行时，可以通过手柄将动片闭合变成手动推行即可。
本发明的转子罩与摩擦片为动接触，有利于电机装配、可以消除积累误差造成产品不良；同时摩擦片为全环、双面刹车结合，刹车效果更佳；再者，其手柄为双向位置，为双驱电机左右安装提供了便利。适用于左右安装驱动形式，有利于实现车辆双驱，利用左右轮的差速转向功能，同时满足驻坡刹车功能。
除以上所述的本发明解决的技术问题、构成技术方案的技术特征以及由这些技术方案的技术特征所带来的优点外。为使本发明目的、技术方案和有益效果更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明所能解决的其他技术问题、技术方案中包含的其他技术特征以及这些技术特征带来的优点做更为清楚、完整的描述。
 附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1的电机的结构示意图；
图2是图1中转子罩的结构示意图；
图3是图1中磁刹器的装配图；
图4是图1中磁刹器的剖视图；
图5是手柄分段设计的使用状态示意图；
图6是手柄采用过渡座式安装结构的示意图；
图中：定子组件1、转子组件2、磁刹防护罩3、磁刹器4、转子罩24、、磁刹座401、定片402、摩擦片403、动片404、定片隔套405、拉杆406、钢珠407、手柄408、手柄座4081，手柄杆4082、微动开关410、过渡座411、压板412，定位销413。
 本发明的实施方式 实施例
本实施例的电机如图1所示，由定子组件1、转子组件2和磁刹器4三部分组成，在和磁刹器4上安装用于防水、防尘的磁刹防护罩3。
在定子组件1中，定子冲片组叠绕线组装电器后通过平键与电机轴相连。磁钢片贴附在转子内侧，转子另一侧螺钉连接齿轮系组件，经太阳轮、行星轮、内齿圈及轮毂联接，对电机输出减速增扭。
在转子组件2中，转子开口侧与转子罩24螺钉连接固定，转子组件用于将电能转化为动能。如图2所示的转子罩24内具有于摩擦片外圆周卡耳相匹配的卡槽。
如图3和图4所示，磁刹器4包括内置电磁线圈的磁刹座401，以及用于被磁刹座吸引的铁磁材料动片404，以及摩擦片403、定片402、定片隔套405、拉杆406、钢珠407、压簧、手柄408、微动开关410和三叶片形状的压板412。磁刹座401的内凹槽里有线圈，磁刹座401周边有压簧固定孔和拉杆过渡孔及定片固定螺纹孔，磁刹座401与电机轴平键固定连接；摩擦片403为圆环形式、外圆周边有卡耳、安装在动片404和定片402之间，刹车时，摩擦片403双面产生摩擦扭矩，效果翻倍；动片404相对磁刹座401可以轴向移动，定片402与磁刹座401固定连接。磁刹器4上还设有定片隔套405，定片402通过螺栓及定片固定螺纹孔固定安装在磁刹座401上，利用定片隔套405控制定片402与磁刹座401的距离。
磁刹器4远离定片402的一端，布置定位钢珠407、手柄408、三叶片压板412和拉杆406。压板412周边有对应拉杆406的固定孔，手柄408内侧有钢珠定位孔、中心有与电机轴过孔；定位钢珠407在磁刹座401的钢珠导向槽内移动，钢珠导向槽的一端到另一端深度逐渐增加，定位钢珠407一侧与磁刹座接触、另一侧与手柄钢珠定位孔接合，转动手柄408令钢珠407在导向槽的二个位置变换，动片404形成轴向移动，通过拉杆406、手柄408实现动片404与磁刹座401离合。
在磁刹器4远离定片402的一端还设置有微动开关410，手柄408可以通过控制微动开关410控制磁刹器4的得、失电。手柄408释放电路开关，使电路断开，避免磁刹器长时间通电吸合时耗电、发热、减少寿命。同时，手柄408上有限位圆弧槽，磁刹座401上有定位销413，控制手柄的转动范围。
在通常状态下，手柄408凸点触发微动开关410触点。电机通电后，磁刹器4得电，动片404被吸向磁刹座，此时摩擦片403可随转子罩24转动，处于自由状态，此时磁刹器4释放制动。
电机断电后，磁刹器4失电，此时动片404被磁刹座内置压簧推向定片402，摩擦片403处于非自由状态，导致转子组件2停止转动，即磁刹器4制动。
此时通过拨动手柄，钢珠407在高低槽中移动，在高位使手柄与磁刹座端面产生间隙，手柄带动拉杆，使动片404远离定片402，实现手动形式释放刹车。
制动顺序为：摩擦片--转子罩--转子--太阳轮--行星轮--内齿圈--轮毂/轮胎。反之，释放，轮可以转动。该磁刹原理已在发明人在前专利申请文献CN106685137A中做详细解释，本申请主要是在其基础上的进一步改进。
如图5所示，手柄408分段设计为手柄座与手柄杆，采用螺钉连接，手柄座上具有周向对应的两组螺丝孔，根据产品左右安装需求，手柄杆可以分别对应装于手柄座上二个位置中的其中一处。而且手柄座外圆小于磁刹座，便于端盖及端盖轴承的安装。
如图6所示，还可以采用在中心突出管状安装凸台的结构的过渡座411安装手柄408，利用凸台上的环槽套设卡簧，对手柄进行安装定位。拉杆406穿过磁刹座401，左右连接动片404和过渡座411，拨动手柄408时过渡座411做轴向运动，实现动片404与磁刹座401的离合。
环形摩擦片外圆周边的卡耳，用于嵌入转子罩上的卡槽匹配，两者在周向上相互约束，并在轴向上具备一定的活动间隙，故转子罩与摩擦片为动接触，有利于电机装配、可以消除积累误差造成产品不良；同时摩擦片为全环、双面刹车结合，刹车效果更佳；再者，其手柄为双向位置，为双驱电机左右安装提供了便利。适用于电机左右安装驱动形式，可实现车辆双驱、转向功能，同时满足驻坡刹车功能。
本发明采用与转子罩形成动接触的全环摩擦片结构，有利于电机装配的工艺控制，可以消除积累误差造成产品不良；而且实现了双面刹车结合，具备更可靠的制动效果。本实例中摩擦片、转子罩为卡耳、卡槽结构，也可延伸为其他配合结构，亦在本专利的保护范围。
本发明为轮毂电机的电磁制动提供了一种全新的结构与设计方法，具体实现该技术方案的方法和途径很多，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本发明实施例的组件可以以各种不同的配置来布置和设计。因此，对附图中提供的本发明的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围，而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种电机，包括定子组件、转子组件和磁刹器，其特征在于：所述磁刹器包括磁刹座、动片、摩擦片和定片；所述摩擦片呈圆环形，其外圆周边具有卡耳，所述转子罩上具有卡槽，所述卡耳与卡槽在周向上形成约束，并在轴向上形成动接触；
    通电时，动片被吸向磁刹座，磁刹器得电解除制动，摩擦片随转子罩自由转动；
    断电时，磁刹器失电制动，动片被磁刹座内置压簧推向定片，摩擦片被定片与动片夹紧，转动停止。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电机，其特征在于：所述磁刹器上安装手动解锁装置，所述手动解锁装置包括拉杆、钢珠、压簧和手柄，当拨动手柄时，钢珠在高低槽内向高处移动，使手柄与磁刹座距离拉大，再带动拉杆，使动片远离定片，摩擦片自由，实现手动形式解除制动。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电机，其特征在于：还包括微动开关，手柄通过控制微动开关控制磁刹器的得、失电，用于在推行模式时切断磁刹器的电路。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的电机，其特征在于：所述手柄采用分体设计，包括手柄座和手柄杆，手柄座上布置左螺丝孔和右螺丝孔，所述左螺丝孔用于安装左侧手柄杆，所述右螺丝孔用于安装右侧手柄杆；手柄座外圆的直径小于磁刹座的外径。
  5. 一种磁刹器，其特征在于：包括磁刹座、动片、摩擦片和定片；所述摩擦片呈圆环形，其外圆周边具有卡耳，所述卡耳与转子罩的卡槽在周向上花键式约束，并在轴向上形成动接触；
    得电时解除制动，动片被吸向磁刹座，摩擦片随转子罩转动，电机转动，车行驶；
    失电时制动，动片被磁刹座内置压簧推向定片，摩擦片被定片与动片夹紧，将车停住。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的磁刹器，其特征在于：在定片和磁刹座上设有定片隔套，利用定片隔套控制定片与磁刹座的距离。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的磁刹器，其特征在于：所述摩擦片是浮动全环双面摩擦片，在制动时摩擦片的两面分别与定片及动片发生摩擦。
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