WO2022009996A1 - Procédé de soudage, dispositif de soudage et structure soudée d'éléments métalliques - Google Patents

Procédé de soudage, dispositif de soudage et structure soudée d'éléments métalliques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022009996A1
WO2022009996A1 PCT/JP2021/026146 JP2021026146W WO2022009996A1 WO 2022009996 A1 WO2022009996 A1 WO 2022009996A1 JP 2021026146 W JP2021026146 W JP 2021026146W WO 2022009996 A1 WO2022009996 A1 WO 2022009996A1
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Prior art keywords
laser beam
laser
welding
energy density
metal
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PCT/JP2021/026146
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
暢康 松本
啓伍 松永
知道 安岡
昌充 金子
史香 西野
淳 寺田
和行 梅野
大烈 尹
Original Assignee
古河電気工業株式会社
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Priority to JP2022535411A priority Critical patent/JP7336035B2/ja
Publication of WO2022009996A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022009996A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B23K26/323—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved involving parts made of dissimilar metallic material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a welding method, a welding device, and a welding structure of a metal member.
  • one of the problems of the present invention is, for example, to obtain an improved new welding method, a welding device, and a welded structure of a metal member.
  • the welding method of the present invention includes, for example, a first member and a second member that overlaps the first member in the first direction and has a material different from that of the first member. It is a welding method in which the first member and the second member are welded by irradiating a surface located at an end in the direction opposite to the direction with a laser beam. A welded portion containing a weld metal that penetrates the first member in the first direction and reaches the second member is formed, and the penetration depth Wd of the weld metal in the first direction is the said of the first member.
  • the weld metal includes a first portion formed in the first member and a second portion formed in the second member, and the second portion is melted in the first direction.
  • the welding method of the present invention includes, for example, a first member and a second member which overlaps the first member in the first direction and is made of a material different from the first member. It is a welding method in which the first member and the second member are welded by irradiating a surface located at an end in the direction opposite to the first direction with a laser beam. A welded portion containing a weld metal that penetrates the first member from the surface in the first direction and reaches the second member is formed, and the weld metal is formed by the first portion formed in the first member and the said portion.
  • the ratio Ew2 Ww2 / Wd2 of the width Ww2 in the second direction intersecting with the first direction to the penetration depth Wd2 in the first direction of the second part including the second portion formed in the second member. However, it is 1 or more.
  • the laser beam may include a first laser beam having a wavelength of 800 [nm] or more and 1200 [nm] or less, and a second laser beam having a wavelength of 550 [nm] or less.
  • the wavelength of the second laser beam may be 400 [nm] or more and 500 [nm] or less.
  • the melting point of the second member may be lower than the melting point of the first member.
  • the first member may be a copper-based material
  • the second member may be an aluminum-based material.
  • E 1 R 1 x P 1 / (D 1 x V) ...
  • E 2 R 2 x P 2 / (D 2 x V) ...
  • E 1 is the energy density of the first laser beam [J / mm 2 ]
  • R 1 is the absorption rate of the material of the first member of the first laser beam
  • P 1 is the power of the first laser beam [J / mm 2].
  • W] and D 1 are the spot diameter [mm] of the first laser beam on the surface
  • E 2 is the energy density of the second laser beam [J / mm 2 ]
  • R 2 is the first member of the second laser beam.
  • the ratio (E 1 / E 2 ) of the energy density E 1 of the first laser beam to the energy density E 2 of the second laser beam is 0 or more and 6 or less. There may be.
  • the melting point of the first member may be lower than the melting point of the second member.
  • the second member may be a copper-based material
  • the first member may be an aluminum-based material
  • E 1 R 1 x P 1 / (D 1 x V) ...
  • E 2 R 2 x P 2 / (D 2 x V) ...
  • E 1 is the energy density of the first laser beam [J / mm 2 ]
  • R 1 is the absorption rate of the material of the first member of the first laser beam
  • P 1 is the power of the first laser beam [J / mm 2].
  • W] and D 1 are the spot diameter [mm] of the first laser beam on the surface
  • E 2 is the energy density of the second laser beam [J / mm 2 ]
  • R 2 is the first member of the second laser beam.
  • E 2 is the power of the second laser beam [W]
  • D 2 is the spot diameter [mm] of the second laser beam on the surface
  • V is the sweep rate [mm / s].
  • the thickness of the first member in the first direction is 0.1 [mm] or more and 2 [mm] or less, and the thickness of the second member in the first direction is 0. It may be 1 [mm] or more and 2 [mm] or less.
  • the welding apparatus of the present invention includes, for example, a laser oscillator, a first member, and a second member that overlaps the first member in the first direction and is made of a material different from the first member.
  • a welding device comprising an optical head that irradiates a laser beam on a surface located at an end in a direction opposite to the first direction, and welding the first member and the second member.
  • the laser beam includes a first laser beam and a second laser beam different from the first laser beam.
  • the wavelength of the first laser beam may be 800 [nm] or more and 1200 [nm] or less, and the wavelength of the second laser beam may be 550 [nm] or less.
  • the welding apparatus may include a controller capable of changing the output of the first laser beam and the second laser beam from the laser oscillator.
  • the welding device may include a controller capable of changing the sweep rate of the laser beam on the surface.
  • the welding device may include a controller capable of changing the distance between the optical head and the processing target.
  • E 1 R 1 x P 1 / (D 1 x V) ...
  • E 2 R 2 x P 2 / (D 2 x V) ...
  • E 1 is the energy density of the first laser beam [J / mm 2 ]
  • R 1 is the absorption rate of the material of the first member of the first laser beam
  • P 1 is the power of the first laser beam [J / mm 2].
  • W] and D 1 are the spot diameter [mm] of the first laser beam on the surface
  • E 2 is the energy density of the second laser beam [J / mm 2 ]
  • R 2 is the first member of the second laser beam.
  • the controller can change the ratio (E 1 / E 2 ) of the energy density E 1 of the first laser beam to the energy density E 2 of the second laser beam. There may be.
  • the welded structure of the metal member of the present invention is, for example, the first member, the second member overlapping the first member in the first direction, and the first member extending in the first direction and partially. It is a welded structure of a metal member including a weld metal that bites into the second member and includes a welded portion for welding the first member and the second member, wherein the weld metal is the first member. It has a first portion containing the same component as the member and aligned with the first member in a second direction intersecting the first direction, and a second portion containing the same component as the second member.
  • the melting point of the second member may be lower than the melting point of the first member.
  • the first member may be a copper-based material
  • the second member may be an aluminum-based material
  • the first end portion of the first portion in the first direction and the second end portion of the second portion in the opposite direction of the first direction may be in contact with each other. ..
  • the thickness of the first member in the first direction is 0.1 [mm] or more and 2 [mm] or less
  • the thickness of the second member in the first direction is , 0.1 [mm] or more and 2 [mm] or less.
  • the average value of the crystal grain sizes of the first portion and the second portion in the cross sections along the first direction and the second direction may be different from each other.
  • FIG. 1 is an exemplary schematic configuration diagram of the laser welding apparatus of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of a welded structure formed by the laser welding apparatus of the embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is an exemplary schematic diagram showing a beam (spot) of laser light formed on the surface of a processing target by the laser welding apparatus of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing the light absorption rate of each metal material with respect to the wavelength of the irradiated laser light.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of a welded structure formed by the laser welding apparatus of the embodiment.
  • FIG. 6 is an exemplary schematic configuration diagram of the laser welding apparatus of the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 7 is an exemplary schematic configuration diagram of the laser welding apparatus of the first modification of the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing the concept of the principle of the diffractive optical element included in the laser welding apparatus of the first modification of the second embodiment.
  • the X direction is represented by an arrow X
  • the Y direction is represented by an arrow Y
  • the Z direction is represented by an arrow Z.
  • the X, Y, and Z directions intersect and are orthogonal to each other.
  • the Z direction is the normal direction of the surface Wa (processed surface, welded surface) of the processing target W.
  • the sweep direction SD on the surface Wa of the laser beam L is along the X direction is shown, but the sweep direction SD should be along the surface Wa and intersect the Z direction. It is good, not only along the X direction.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of the laser welding apparatus 100 of the first embodiment.
  • the laser welding device 100 includes a laser device 111, a laser device 112, an optical head 120, and an optical fiber 130.
  • the laser welding device 100 is an example of a welding device.
  • the laser devices 111 and 112 each have a laser oscillator, and are configured to be capable of outputting, for example, a laser beam having a power of several kW.
  • the laser devices 111 and 112 irradiate laser light having a wavelength of 380 [nm] or more and 1200 [nm] or less.
  • the laser devices 111 and 112 have a laser light source such as a fiber laser, a semiconductor laser (element), a YAG laser, and a disk laser inside.
  • the laser devices 111 and 112 may be configured to be capable of outputting multimode laser light having a power of several kW as the total of the outputs of the plurality of light sources.
  • the laser device 111 outputs the first laser beam having a wavelength of 800 [nm] or more and 1200 [nm] or less.
  • the laser device 111 is an example of the first laser device.
  • the laser apparatus 111 has a fiber laser or a semiconductor laser (element) as a laser light source.
  • the laser oscillator included in the laser device 111 is an example of the first laser oscillator.
  • the laser device 112 outputs a second laser beam having a wavelength of 550 [nm] or less.
  • the laser device 112 is an example of a second laser device.
  • the laser device 112 has a semiconductor laser (element) as a laser light source.
  • the laser device 112 preferably outputs a second laser beam having a wavelength of 400 [nm] or more and 500 [nm] or less.
  • the laser oscillator included in the laser device 112 is an example of a second laser oscillator.
  • the optical fiber 130 guides the laser light output from the laser devices 111 and 112 to the optical head 120, respectively.
  • the optical head 120 is an optical device for irradiating the laser beam input from the laser devices 111 and 112 toward the processing target W.
  • the optical head 120 includes a collimating lens 121, a condenser lens 122, a mirror 123, and a filter 124.
  • the collimating lens 121, the condenser lens 122, the mirror 123, and the filter 124 may also be referred to as optical components.
  • the optical head 120 is configured so that the relative position with the processing target W can be changed in order to sweep the laser light L while irradiating the surface Wa of the processing target W with the laser light L.
  • the relative movement between the optical head 120 and the processing target W can be realized by the movement of the optical head 120, the movement of the processing target W, or the movement of both the optical head 120 and the processing target W.
  • the optical head 120 may be configured to be able to sweep the laser beam L on the surface Wa by having a galvano scanner or the like (not shown).
  • the collimating lens 121 (121-1, 121-2) collimates the laser beam input via the optical fiber 130, respectively.
  • the collimated laser beam becomes parallel light.
  • the mirror 123 reflects the first laser beam that has become parallel light by the collimated lens 121-1.
  • the first laser beam reflected by the mirror 123 travels in the opposite direction to the Z direction and heads toward the filter 124.
  • the mirror 123 is not required in the configuration in which the first laser beam is input to the optical head 120 so as to travel in the direction opposite to the Z direction.
  • the filter 124 is a high-pass filter that transmits the first laser beam and reflects the second laser beam without transmitting it.
  • the first laser beam passes through the filter 124, travels in the opposite direction in the Z direction, and heads toward the condenser lens 122.
  • the filter 124 reflects the second laser beam that has become parallel light by the collimated lens 121-2.
  • the second laser beam reflected by the filter 124 travels in the opposite direction to the Z direction and heads toward the condenser lens 122.
  • the condensing lens 122 condenses the first laser beam and the second laser beam as parallel light, and irradiates the processing target W as the laser beam L (output light).
  • the laser welding device 100 includes a controller 141 and a controlled mechanism whose operation is controlled by the controller 141.
  • the laser welding device 100 includes, for example, laser devices 111 and 112 and a drive mechanism 150 as controlled mechanisms.
  • the controller 141 can control the operation of the laser devices 111 and 112. Specifically, the controller 141 can switch the operation and deactivation of the laser devices 111 and 112, and change the power of the laser light emitted by the laser devices 111 and 112, for example.
  • the drive mechanism 150 changes the relative position of the optical head 120 with respect to the processing target W.
  • the drive mechanism 150 includes, for example, a rotation mechanism such as a motor, a deceleration mechanism for decelerating the rotation output of the rotation mechanism, a motion conversion mechanism for converting the rotation decelerated by the deceleration mechanism into linear motion, and the like.
  • the controller 141 can control the drive mechanism 150 so that the relative positions of the optical head 120 with respect to the processing target W in the X direction, the Y direction, and the Z direction change. Further, the controller 141 can control the drive mechanism 150 so that the sweep speed of the spot of the laser beam L on the surface Wa changes.
  • the laser welding apparatus 100 has a camera 170, a filter 127 as an optical component for guiding light to the camera 170, and a mirror 128.
  • the filter 127 is provided between the mirror 123 and the filter 124.
  • the filter 127 transmits the first laser light from the mirror 123 toward the filter 124 and reflects the light from the surface Wa (for example, visible light) toward the mirror 128.
  • the light reflected by the mirror 128 is input to the camera 170.
  • the camera 170 can capture an image on the surface Wa.
  • the image captured by the camera 170 may include, for example, an image of the surface Wa and an image of a beam (spot) by the laser beam L.
  • the image captured by the camera 170 can be said to be the detection result of the deviation of the spot formed on the surface Wa with respect to a predetermined position, and the camera 170 can be said to be an example of the sensor for detecting the deviation. ..
  • the photographed image may include the irradiation target of the laser beam L, and the image of the spot needs to be included. There is no.
  • the camera 170 and the controller 141 are examples of the detection mechanism. The controller 141 may control the operation of the camera 170.
  • the controller 141 can control the drive mechanism 150 so as to detect a deviation of the spot with respect to a predetermined position from the image captured by the camera 170 and correct the deviation. Further, the controller 141 may execute feedback control so that the deviation is within a predetermined threshold value.
  • the controller 141 and the drive mechanism 150 are examples of the correction mechanism. With such a configuration, the accuracy of the irradiation position of the laser beam can be improved.
  • the processing target W is a welded structure 10 having a plurality of metal members 11 and 12 laminated in the Z direction.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a welded structure 10-1 (10) which is an example of a processing target W of the laser welding apparatus 100.
  • the cross section of FIG. 2 intersects and is orthogonal to the X direction and is along the Y and Z directions.
  • the welded structure 10-1 has a plurality of metal members 11 and 12 and a welded portion 14.
  • the plurality of metal members 11 and 12 are, for example, bus bars, electrode terminals, electrode foils, and the like, and form at least a part of the conductive path. That is, the plurality of metal members 11 and 12 are all made of a conductive metal material. However, in the present embodiment, the metal member 11 and the metal member 12 are made of different materials.
  • the welded portion 14 mechanically and electrically connects a plurality of metal members 11 and 12.
  • the melting point of the metal member 12 is lower than the melting point of the metal member 11.
  • the metal member 11 is a copper-based material such as copper or a copper alloy.
  • the metal member 12 is an aluminum-based material such as aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
  • a plating layer may be formed on the surface of at least one of the metal members 11 and 12.
  • the metal members 11 and 12 overlap in the Z direction.
  • the metal members 11 and 12 have a plate-like or foil-like shape, spread in the Z direction, and extend in the X direction and the Y direction.
  • the Z direction can also be referred to as the thickness direction of the metal members 11 and 12.
  • the welded structure 10 may also be referred to as a laminated body.
  • the metal member 11 overlaps the metal member 12 in the Z direction.
  • the metal member 12 overlaps the metal member 11 in the direction opposite to the Z direction.
  • the metal member 11 is adjacent to the metal member 12 in the Z direction and overlaps with the metal member 12 in a substantially close contact state in the Z direction.
  • the metal member 11 is an example of the first member
  • the metal member 12 is an example of the second member
  • the opposite direction in the Z direction is an example of the first direction.
  • the target W to be processed is welded by the laser welding device 100, it is temporarily fixed integrally in the laminated state of FIG. 2 by a fixture (not shown), and for example, the normal direction of the surface Wa is substantially parallel to the Z direction. It is set in the posture.
  • the surface Wa is the end face of the processing target W in the Z direction, and at the portion where the welded portion 14 is provided, the surface Wa intersects the Z direction and extends orthogonally to the Z direction.
  • the optical head 120 irradiates the laser beam L toward the surface Wa in the direction opposite to the Z direction.
  • the surface Wa is an irradiation surface of the laser beam L, and may also be referred to as a facing surface facing the optical head 120.
  • the direction opposite to the Z direction can be referred to as the irradiation direction of the laser beam L.
  • the welded portion 14 extends from the surface Wa in the direction opposite to the Z direction.
  • the direction opposite to the Z direction can also be referred to as the depth direction of the welded portion 14.
  • the depth direction of the welded portion 14 is also the irradiation direction of the laser beam L.
  • the optical head 120 moves relative to the processing target W in the sweep direction SD by the operation of the drive mechanism 150, so that the laser beam L is transferred on the surface Wa. It is swept in the sweep direction SD.
  • the welded portion 14 has a cross-sectional shape substantially similar to that in FIG. 2, and extends in the sweep direction SD (X direction in FIG. 2) along the surface Wa.
  • the sweep direction SD can also be referred to as a longitudinal direction or an extension direction of the welded portion 14.
  • the direction intersecting the Z direction and the sweep direction SD (Y direction in FIG. 2) can also be referred to as a width direction of the welded portion 14.
  • the Y direction is an example of the second direction.
  • the welded portion 14 has a welded metal 14a extending from the surface Wa in the opposite direction in the Z direction, and a heat-affected zone 14b located around the welded metal 14a.
  • the weld metal 14a is a portion that is melted by irradiation with the laser beam L and then solidified.
  • the weld metal 14a may also be referred to as a melt-solidified portion.
  • the heat-affected zone 14b is a portion where the base material of the processing target W is thermally affected and is not melted.
  • the heat-affected zone 14b has a first zone 14b1 formed in the metal member 11 and a second zone 14b2 formed in the metal member 12.
  • the weld metal 14a extends the metal member 11 from the surface Wa in the opposite direction to the Z direction.
  • the end portion of the weld metal 14a in the opposite direction to the Z direction partially bites into the metal member 12.
  • the heat-affected zone 14b is located around the weld metal 14a. In the Y direction, the heat-affected zone 14b is adjacent to both sides of the weld metal 14a. In other words, in the Y direction, the heat-affected zone 14b is located outside the weld metal 14a. Further, the heat-affected zone 14b is partially adjacent to the weld metal 14a in the direction opposite to the Z direction.
  • the weld metal 14a has a first portion 14a1 formed in the metal member 11 and a second portion 14a2 formed in the metal member 12.
  • the first portion 14a1 contains the same components as the metal member 11, and the second portion 14a2 contains the same components as the metal member 12.
  • the first portion 14a1 is a portion melted and solidified by irradiation with the first laser beam and the second laser beam. Further, the second portion 14a2 is a portion that is melted and solidified mainly by heat conduction from the first portion 14a1.
  • the cross section intersecting the sweep direction SD that is, the irradiation direction of the laser beam L (the depth direction of the welded portion 14) and the width of the welded portion 14, respectively.
  • the average value of the crystal grain size in the cross section along the direction and the main elements are different.
  • the first site 14a1 and the second site 14a2 are analyzed by the EBSD method (electron back scattered diffraction pattern) and EDS (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, energy) for the cross section of FIG. 2 of the welded structure 10. It can be discriminated by elemental analysis by dispersion X-ray spectroscopy).
  • the first portion 14a1 penetrates the metal member 11 in the Z direction. Therefore, the first portion 14a1 is aligned with the metal member 11 (base material) in the Y direction.
  • the second portion 14a2 is adjacent to the first portion 14a1 in the direction opposite to the Z direction. Therefore, in the example of FIG. 2, the end portion 14c2 in the Z direction of the second portion 14a2 is in contact with the end portion 14c1 in the opposite direction in the Z direction of the first portion 14a1.
  • the end portion 14c1 is an example of a first end portion
  • the end portion 14c2 is an example of a second end portion.
  • the outflow of the component of the first part 14a1 to the second part 14a2 is suppressed. That is, it was confirmed that the formation of intermetallic compounds was suppressed.
  • the second portion 14a2 is obtained by melting due to the conduction of heat from the first portion 14a1 and the first zone 14b1, that is, by the heat conduction type melting. .. At this time, it can be estimated that the second portion 14a2 is heated to a temperature higher than the melting point of the metal member 12.
  • the degree of suppression of the outflow of the component of the first site 14a1 to the second site 14a2 can be expressed by, for example, the distribution of the abundance of the component of the metal member 11 in the second site 14a2 in the Z direction.
  • the abundance (mass) at a position near the boundary surface with the first site 14a1 (or the first zone 14b1) in the second site 14a2 is second from the boundary surface in the Z direction.
  • the ratio of the abundance (mass) at the position of 1/2 of the length (depth) of the portion 14a2 may be 100%.
  • the ratio decreases to, for example, 50%.
  • the ratio is preferably as low as possible from the viewpoint of suppressing outflow, that is, suppressing the formation of intermetallic compounds, and is preferably as low as 40%, 30%, 20%, or 10%, for example.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a beam (spot) of a laser beam L irradiated on a flat surface Wa.
  • Each of the beam B1 and the beam B2 has, for example, a Gaussian-shaped power distribution in the radial direction of the cross section orthogonal to the optical axis direction of the beam.
  • the power distribution of the beam B1 and the beam B2 is not limited to the Gaussian shape.
  • the diameter of the circle representing the beams B1 and B2 is the beam diameter of each beam B1 and B2.
  • Beam diameter of each beam B1, B2 includes a peak of the beam is defined as the diameter of the region of 1 / e 2 or more of the intensity of the peak intensity.
  • the beam diameter if the beam is not circular, (in the figure, Y-direction) the sweep direction SD and the vertical direction in the length of the region to be the 1 / e 2 or more of the intensity of the peak intensity can be defined as the beam diameter .
  • the beam diameter on the surface Wa is referred to as a spot diameter.
  • the beam B1 of the first laser beam and the beam B2 of the second laser beam overlap on the surface Wa, and the beam B2 is formed. It is larger (wider) than the beam B1 and is formed so that the outer edge B2a of the beam B2 surrounds the outer edge B1a of the beam B1.
  • the spot diameter D2 of the beam B2 is larger than the spot diameter D1 of the beam B1.
  • the beam B1 is an example of the first spot
  • the beam B2 is an example of the second spot.
  • the beam (spot) of the laser beam L since the beam (spot) of the laser beam L has a point-symmetrical shape with respect to the center point C on the surface Wa, the SD in an arbitrary sweep direction is used. , The shape of the spot will be the same. Therefore, when a moving mechanism for relatively moving the optical head 120 and the processing target W for sweeping the surface Wa of the laser beam L is provided, the moving mechanism should have at least a relatively translatable mechanism. However, the relatively rotatable mechanism may be omitted.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing the light absorption rate of each metal material with respect to the wavelength of the laser beam L to be irradiated.
  • the horizontal axis of the graph of FIG. 4 is the wavelength, and the vertical axis is the absorption rate.
  • FIG. 4 shows the relationship between wavelength and absorptance for aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), silver (Ag), tantalum (Ta), and titanium (Ti). It is shown.
  • a blue or green laser beam (second laser) is used rather than using a general infrared (IR) laser beam (first laser beam). It can be understood that the energy absorption rate is higher when light) is used. This feature is remarkable in copper (Cu), gold (Au), and the like.
  • the laser beam When the laser beam is applied to the processing target W, which has a relatively low absorption rate with respect to the wavelength used, most of the light energy is reflected and does not affect the processing target W as heat. Therefore, it is necessary to apply a relatively high power in order to obtain a melting region having a sufficient depth. In that case, energy is suddenly applied to the central part of the beam, so that sublimation occurs and a keyhole is formed.
  • the wavelength of the first laser beam, the wavelength of the second laser beam, and the wavelength of the processing target W are such that the absorption rate of the processing target W with respect to the second laser light is higher than the absorption rate with respect to the first laser light.
  • the material is selected.
  • the welded portion (hereinafter referred to as the welded portion) of the processing target W due to the sweeping of the spot of the laser beam L is first, first.
  • the second laser beam is irradiated by the region B2f of the beam B2 of the second laser beam located in front of the SD in FIG.
  • the welded portion is irradiated with the beam B1 of the first laser beam, and then the second laser beam is irradiated again by the region B2b of the beam B2 of the second laser beam located behind the sweep direction SD.
  • a heat conduction type melting region is first generated by irradiation with a second laser beam having a high absorption rate in the region B2f. After that, a deeper keyhole-type melting region is generated in the welded portion by irradiation with the first laser beam.
  • the required depth is obtained by the first laser beam having a lower power than in the case where the heat conduction type melting region is not formed.
  • a molten region can be formed.
  • the welded portion is changed in a molten state by irradiation with a second laser beam having a high absorption rate in the region B2b.
  • the wavelength of the second laser beam is preferably 550 [nm] or less, and more preferably 500 [nm] or less.
  • the welding structure 10 in which the metal member 11 and the metal member 12 are integrally temporarily fixed by a holder (not shown) irradiates the surface Wa with the laser beam L. It is set to be done. Then, in a state where the surface Wa is irradiated with the laser beam L including the beam B1 and the beam B2, the laser beam L and the welded structure 10 are relatively moved. As a result, the laser beam L moves (sweeps) in the sweep direction SD on the surface Wa while being irradiated on the surface Wa. The portion irradiated with the laser beam L melts, and then solidifies as the temperature decreases, so that the metal member 11 and the metal member 12 are joined via the welded portion 14, and the welded structure 10 is integrated. Will be done.
  • E n R n ⁇ P n / (D n ⁇ V) ⁇ (1)
  • E n the energy density [J / mm 2]
  • R n the laser light absorption rate in the material of the member (first member) that is irradiated with the laser light
  • P n the laser light by the laser device power [W]
  • D n the spot diameter at the surface Wa [mm]
  • V is the sweep rate [mm / s].
  • E n the energy density
  • the energy density may also be referred to as an effective energy density.
  • the energy density ratio Re1 is preferably 0 or more and 6 or less, more preferably 0 or more and 4 or less, and even more preferably 0 or more and 2 or less. found.
  • the thickness T1 (see FIG. 1) of the metal member 11 is 0.1 [mm] or more and 2 [mm] or less
  • the thickness T2 of the metal member 12 (see FIG. 1) is 0.
  • the experimental results when it is 1 [mm] or more and 2 [mm] or less are shown.
  • the controller 141 can control a controlled mechanism such as a laser device 111, 112 or a drive mechanism 150 so that the ratio Re1 changes.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the welded structure 10-2 (10), which is an example of the processing target W of the laser welding apparatus 100.
  • the cross section of FIG. 5 intersects and is orthogonal to the X direction and is along the Y and Z directions.
  • the welded structure 10-2 exemplified in FIG. 5 has metal members 11 and 12 made of the same material as the welded structure 10-1 illustrated in FIG. However, in the welded structure 10-2, the arrangement (stacking order) of the metal members 11 and 12 in the Z direction is opposite to that of the welded structure 10-1.
  • the metal member 12 overlaps the metal member 11 in the Z direction.
  • the metal member 11 overlaps the metal member 12 in the direction opposite to the Z direction.
  • the metal member 12 is adjacent to the metal member 11 in the Z direction and overlaps with the metal member 11 in a substantially close contact state in the Z direction.
  • the metal member 12 is an example of the first member
  • the metal member 11 is an example of the second member.
  • the weld metal 14a is a second portion 14a2 formed in the metal member 12 and obtained by melting the heat conductive type, and a second portion 14a2 formed in the metal member 11 and obtained by melting the heat conductive type. It has one site 14a1 and.
  • the second portion 14a2 penetrates the metal member 12.
  • the first portion 14a1 is adjacent to the second portion 14a2 in the direction opposite to the Z direction.
  • the end portion 14c2 of the second portion 14a2 in the opposite direction in the Z direction and the end portion 14c1 of the first portion 14a1 in the Z direction are in contact with each other.
  • the energy density ratio Re1 is preferably 1 or more, more preferably 1 or more and 20 or less, and even more preferably 3 or more and 10 or less.
  • the thickness T1 of the metal member 11 is 0.1 [mm] or more and 2 [mm] or less
  • the thickness T2 of the metal member 12 is 0.1 [mm] or more and 2 [mm] or less.
  • controller 141 can control a controlled mechanism such as the laser devices 111 and 112 and the drive mechanism 150 so that the ratio Re2 changes.
  • the laser welding device 100 controls the operation of the laser devices 111 and 112 and the drive mechanism 150 under the conditions suitable for each case by the controller 141, thereby controlling the welding structures 10-1 of FIG. 2 and the welding structure of FIG. For 10-2 and other welded structures not shown, higher connection strength and higher quality welds can be performed.
  • Table 3 shows the energy density [J / mm] when the thickness T1 of the metal member 11 is 0.5 [mm] or less and the thickness T2 of the metal member 12 is 1.0 [mm]. 2 ] shows the experimental results for a plurality of samples (Sample Nos. 1 to 3) with different differences.
  • Wd2 (see FIG. 2) is the penetration depth of the second portion 14a2 of the weld metal 14a, which is the end portion 14c2 of the second portion 14a2 in the Z direction (in the Z direction, in the Z direction of the metal member 12). It is the depth from (the same position as the end face) to the tip of the second portion 14a2 in the opposite direction in the Z direction.
  • the penetration depths Wd and Wd2 are based on the JIS Handbook 40-1 Welding I (basic), 4.1.6 Welding Design, 11619 "Pluding".
  • This ratio Ew2 can also be referred to as the aspect ratio of the second portion 14a2.
  • the width Ww2 conforms to JIS Handbook 40-1 Welding I (basic), 4.1.6 Welding design, 11605 "Welding width”.
  • the penetration Wd2 of the second portion 14a2 is 500 [ ⁇ m] or less, that is, Wd ⁇ T1 + 0.5 [mm], and the maximum value of the shear stress is 100 [Mpa]. With the above, the required bonding strength is obtained.
  • the penetration depth Wd of the weld metal 14a is too shallow with respect to the thickness T1 of the metal member 11, in other words, the weld metal 14a does not penetrate the metal member 11 and does not reach the metal member 12. In some cases, it was found that it was difficult to obtain the required joint strength.
  • the penetration depth Wd2 of the second portion 14a2 is preferably not so deep.
  • the weld metal 14a penetrates at least the metal member 11, and the total penetration depth Wd of the weld metal 14a is substantially the same as or slightly deeper (thick, longer) than the thickness T1 of the metal member 11. It has been found that T1 ⁇ Wd ⁇ T1 + 0.5 [mm] is preferable.
  • Findings 1 and 2 are the same in the welded structure 10-2 in which the positions of the metal member 11 and the metal member 12 are interchanged.
  • the weld metal 14a has a first portion 14a1 and a second portion 14a2, and the first portion 14a1 is in the metal member 11 (first member) in the Z direction.
  • the second portion 14a2 is located in the metal member 12 (second member) and is adjacent to or separated from the first portion 14a1 in the opposite direction of the Z direction. There is.
  • the welded structure 10-1 having the welded portion 14 including the weld metal 14a having such a configuration is obtained by welding by irradiation with the first laser beam and the laser beam L including the second laser beam.
  • the welded structure 10-1 for example, the outflow of the component of the first portion 14a1 to the second portion 14a2, that is, the formation of the intermetallic compound can be suppressed. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, for example, the welded structure 10-1 having the required joint strength can be obtained more easily or more quickly.
  • the controller 141 switches and controls the operation of controlled mechanisms such as the laser devices 111 and 112 and the drive mechanism 150, whereby the welding structure 10 is used. It is possible to form a welded portion 14 suitable for various machining targets W having different specifications such as material, arrangement, and thickness of metal members including -1 and 10-2. According to such a configuration, for example, since it is not necessary to perform welding using a different laser welding device for each processing target W, welding can be performed more quickly, and the labor and cost of welding can be reduced. You can get the advantage of being able to do it.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram of the laser welding apparatus 100A of the second embodiment.
  • the optical head 120 has a galvano scanner 126 between the filter 124 and the condenser lens 122. Except for this point, the laser welding apparatus 100A has the same configuration as the laser welding apparatus 100 of the first embodiment.
  • the galvano scanner 126 has two mirrors 126a and 126b, and by controlling the angles of the two mirrors 126a and 126b, the irradiation position of the laser beam L can be set without moving the optical head 120. It is a device that can be moved to sweep the laser beam L.
  • the angles of the mirrors 126a and 126b are changed by, for example, a motor (not shown) controlled by the controller 141, respectively. Further, the controller 141 can control the motor and the like so that the sweep speed of the spot of the laser beam L on the surface Wa changes. With such a configuration, a mechanism for relatively moving the optical head 120 and the processing target W becomes unnecessary, and for example, there is an advantage that the device configuration can be miniaturized.
  • the controller 141 can control the galvano scanner 126 so as to detect a deviation of the spot with respect to a predetermined position from the image captured by the camera 170 and correct the deviation. Further, the controller 141 may execute feedback control so that the deviation is within a predetermined threshold value.
  • the controller 141 and the galvano scanner 126 are examples of the correction mechanism. With such a configuration, the accuracy of the irradiation position of the laser beam can be improved.
  • the weld having the welded portion 14 containing the weld metal 14a having the same configuration as that of the first embodiment is welded.
  • Structure 10 can be obtained. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, for example, the welded structure 10 having the required joint strength can be obtained more easily or more quickly.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram of the laser welding apparatus 100B of the first modification of the second embodiment.
  • the optical head 120 has a DOE125 (diffractive optical element) between the collimating lens 121-2 and the filter 124. Except for this point, the laser welding apparatus 100B has the same configuration as the laser welding apparatus 100A of the second embodiment.
  • DOE125 diffractive optical element
  • the DOE 125 is arranged between the collimating lens 121-2 and the condenser lens 122, and forms the shape of the beam of the laser beam (hereinafter referred to as the beam shape).
  • the DOE 125 has, for example, a configuration in which a plurality of diffraction gratings 125a having different periods are superposed.
  • the DOE 125 can form a more suitable beam shape by bending or superimposing parallel light in a direction affected by each diffraction grating 125a.
  • DOE125 may also be referred to as a beam shaper.
  • the DOE 125 may be arranged between the collimating lens 121-1 and the condenser lens 122. Further, the beam of the laser beam output from only one of the laser devices 111 and 112 may be formed by the DOE 125 and then irradiated to the processing target W.
  • the number of metal members may be 3 or more.
  • the surface area of the molten pool may be adjusted by sweeping by known wobbling, weaving, output modulation or the like.
  • the present invention can be used for welding methods, welding devices, and welding structures of metal members.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

Ce procédé de soudage destiné à souder une pièce qui, par exemple, comporte un premier élément et un second élément chevauchant le premier élément dans une première direction et comprenant un matériau différent du premier élément, ledit soudage étant mis en œuvre par l'irradiation d'une surface avec une lumière laser, ladite surface étant située sur une partie d'extrémité dans la direction opposée à la première direction, et soudant ainsi le premier élément et le second élément, une partie soudée qui comporte un métal soudé s'étendant à partir de la surface et à travers le premier élément dans la première direction vers le second élément est formée dans la pièce, et lorsque l'épaisseur du premier élément dans la première direction est définie comme étant T1, la profondeur de pénétration Wd du métal soudé dans la première direction est T1 < Wd ≤ T1 + 0,5 (mm). De plus, le rapport Ew2 = Ww2/Wd2 de la largeur Ww2 dans une seconde direction croisant la première direction par rapport à une profondeur de pénétration Wd2 d'une seconde région dans la première direction peut être égal ou supérieur à 1.
PCT/JP2021/026146 2020-07-10 2021-07-12 Procédé de soudage, dispositif de soudage et structure soudée d'éléments métalliques WO2022009996A1 (fr)

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WO2023157809A1 (fr) * 2022-02-15 2023-08-24 日亜化学工業株式会社 Procédé de soudage au laser
WO2023157810A1 (fr) * 2022-02-15 2023-08-24 日亜化学工業株式会社 Procédé de soudage au laser et corps assemblé en métal

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JP2002301583A (ja) * 2001-04-03 2002-10-15 Hitachi Constr Mach Co Ltd レーザ溶接方法及び装置
JP2006297464A (ja) * 2005-04-22 2006-11-02 Miyachi Technos Corp レーザ溶接方法及びレーザ溶接装置
JP2015211981A (ja) * 2014-04-15 2015-11-26 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 異材金属接合体
JP2020040106A (ja) * 2018-09-13 2020-03-19 トヨタ自動車株式会社 異材接合方法

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JP2002301583A (ja) * 2001-04-03 2002-10-15 Hitachi Constr Mach Co Ltd レーザ溶接方法及び装置
JP2006297464A (ja) * 2005-04-22 2006-11-02 Miyachi Technos Corp レーザ溶接方法及びレーザ溶接装置
JP2015211981A (ja) * 2014-04-15 2015-11-26 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 異材金属接合体
JP2020040106A (ja) * 2018-09-13 2020-03-19 トヨタ自動車株式会社 異材接合方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023157809A1 (fr) * 2022-02-15 2023-08-24 日亜化学工業株式会社 Procédé de soudage au laser
WO2023157810A1 (fr) * 2022-02-15 2023-08-24 日亜化学工業株式会社 Procédé de soudage au laser et corps assemblé en métal

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