WO2022007050A1 - 发声装置及具有其的电子设备 - Google Patents

发声装置及具有其的电子设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022007050A1
WO2022007050A1 PCT/CN2020/105410 CN2020105410W WO2022007050A1 WO 2022007050 A1 WO2022007050 A1 WO 2022007050A1 CN 2020105410 W CN2020105410 W CN 2020105410W WO 2022007050 A1 WO2022007050 A1 WO 2022007050A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
diaphragm
hole
base body
driving
cantilever
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PCT/CN2020/105410
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
但强
程诗阳
朱国
李杨
Original Assignee
瑞声声学科技(深圳)有限公司
瑞声科技（南京）有限公司
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Application filed by 瑞声声学科技(深圳)有限公司, 瑞声科技（南京）有限公司 filed Critical 瑞声声学科技(深圳)有限公司
Publication of WO2022007050A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022007050A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/02—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones characterised by the construction
    • H04R7/04—Plane diaphragms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K9/00—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers
    • G10K9/12—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated
    • G10K9/122—Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers electrically operated using piezoelectric driving means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2400/00—Loudspeakers
    • H04R2400/11—Aspects regarding the frame of loudspeaker transducers

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of electro-acoustic conversion, and in particular, to a sound-generating device and an electronic device having the same.
  • Micro-speakers using MEMS (Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems) technology may be electrostatic, electromagnetic, or piezoelectric, and in particular, piezoelectric micro-speakers may operate at lower voltages than electrostatic types.
  • the piezoelectric type microspeaker can have a simple structure and can be made thinner than the electromagnetic type microspeaker.
  • the speaker includes a diaphragm, a driver, a piezoelectric unit connected to the diaphragm, and a connecting rod connecting the driver and the diaphragm.
  • One end of the connecting rod is connected to the center of the diaphragm, and the other end of the connecting rod is connected to the driver.
  • the driver provides piston motion to the diaphragm, and the piezoelectric unit provides out-of-plane vibration to the diaphragm.
  • the dual drive of the driver and the piezoelectric unit improves the the amplitude range of the diaphragm.
  • the existing dual-driven MEMS speakers have the problem of poor vibration stability.
  • there is no connection between the diaphragm and the cavity wall and the diaphragm is prone to sway during the vibration process.
  • the stability of this type of speaker is extremely poor.
  • Another situation is: the diaphragm and the cavity wall are connected by elastic connecting members.
  • the elastic connecting members are usually formed together with the structural layer of the diaphragm.
  • the purpose of the present application is to provide a sound producing device and an electronic device having the same, which are used to solve the problem of sound leakage caused by the large movement of the elastic connecting member in the prior art.
  • a sound-emitting device comprising a first base body with a first through hole in the center, a vibration layer disposed above the first base body, a connector located in the first through hole and connected to the vibration layer, and a driver
  • the driving device for vibration of the vibration layer, the vibration layer includes a fixing part located above the first base body and fixed to the first base body, a vibrating film suspended above the first through hole and connecting the an elastic connection member between the diaphragm and the fixed part;
  • the elastic connection member includes a connection part for connecting the diaphragm and an elastic part that can move along the direction of the central axis of the diaphragm, one end of the connection part connected with the vibrating membrane, the other end of the connecting part is connected with the elastic part, the elastic part is connected with the fixing part, the elastic part is located above the first base;
  • the first A base body is provided with an escape groove matched with the elastic portion.
  • the elastic connecting member By arranging the elastic connecting member, it can guide the movement of the diaphragm along the direction of the central axis, prevent the diaphragm from swaying during the vibration process, and improve the vibration stability.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the sound generating device according to the first embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the sounding device shown in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the first substrate in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the vibration layer in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 5 is a partial enlarged schematic view of the structure at C in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an explosion structure of the sounding device shown in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the exploded structure in section along the A-A direction in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the exploded structure in section along the B-B direction in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the sound generating device according to the second embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the sound generating device shown in FIG. 9 .
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure along the D-D direction in FIG. 9 .
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure along the E-E direction in FIG. 9 .
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of the vibration layer in the sound generating device shown in FIG. 9 .
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a driving board in the sound generating device shown in FIG. 9 .
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the sounding device according to the third embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional structural diagram taken along the F-F direction in FIG. 15 .
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the sounding device shown in FIG. 15 .
  • the present application discloses a sound-emitting device, comprising a first base body 110 with a first through hole in the center, a vibration layer 120 disposed above the first base body 110 , and a The connecting piece connected to the vibration layer 120 and the driving device for driving the vibration layer 120 to vibrate.
  • the vibration layer 120 includes a fixing portion 121 located above the first base body 110 and fixed to the first base body 110, and a vibrating membrane suspended above the first through hole.
  • the elastic connecting member 123 includes a connecting portion 1231 for connecting the vibrating membrane 124 and an elastic portion 1232 that can move along the direction of the central axis of the vibrating membrane 124.
  • the connecting portion 1231 One end is connected to the diaphragm 124, the other end of the connecting part 1231 is connected to the elastic part 1232, the elastic part 1232 is connected to the fixing part 121, and the elastic part 1232 is located above the first base 110;
  • the portion 1232 matches the escape groove 112 .
  • the diaphragm 124 Since the slit of the elastic portion 1232 is located on the fixing portion 121 above the first base body 110 , the diaphragm 124 has no slit, which avoids the problem of sound leakage on the side of the first through hole of the diaphragm 124 . Furthermore, when the elastic portion 1232 has a relatively large displacement, the sharp increase of the gap only makes the airflow of the escape groove 112 change greatly, and does not cause a large amount of sound leakage, thus improving the vibration stability of the diaphragm 124 .
  • the elastic connecting member 123 can guide the movement of the diaphragm 124 in the direction of the central axis to prevent the diaphragm 124 from swaying during the vibration process, and the elastic connecting member 123 also has a restoring force. Therefore, the present application can significantly The stability of the diaphragm 124 is improved.
  • the elastic portion 1232 is designed as a beam structure 12321 vertically connected to the connecting portion 1231 .
  • the structure 12321 can move in the direction of the central axis in the escape groove 112 .
  • the vibration of the beam structure 12321 along the direction of the central axis of the diaphragm 124 can provide the restoring force of the diaphragm 124 along the direction of the central axis thereof, thereby improving the vibration stability.
  • the length of the beam structure 12321 can be adjusted according to the rigidity requirement.
  • the elastic part 1232 further includes a cantilever structure 12322, the cantilever structure 12322 is fixed to the middle part of the beam structure 12321, and the side wall of the escape groove 112 is provided with a guide extending along the central axis direction for the free end of the cantilever structure 12322 to slide Slot 1121.
  • the guide groove 1121 further improves the vibration stability of the diaphragm 124 along the direction of its central axis.
  • the number of elastic connecting members 123 is at least two.
  • the elastic connecting members 123 are symmetrically distributed with respect to the central axis of the diaphragm 124 .
  • the width d of the gap between the diaphragm 124 and the fixing portion 121 is greater than or equal to 0.1 ⁇ m and less than or equal to 100 ⁇ m, so that better sound effects can be obtained.
  • the elastic connecting member 123 of the present application can not only provide a restoring force, but also a guiding effect, and can also prevent sudden sound leakage, greatly improve the vibration stability, and can provide high-quality sound effects.
  • the connecting member is an annular connecting member 130
  • the driving device includes a first driver 140 and a second driver 150
  • the center of the annular connecting member 130 is provided with a second through hole 131
  • the annular connecting member 130 is disposed in the first through hole
  • the direction of the second through hole 131 is the same as the direction of the first through hole
  • one end of the annular connecting member 130 is fixedly connected to the diaphragm 124
  • the diaphragm 124 covers the second through hole 131
  • the other end of the annular connecting member 130 is connected to the second driver 150 is connected
  • the second driver 150 drives the annular connector 130 to move along the direction of the central axis
  • the annular connector 130 drives the diaphragm 124 to move along the direction of the central axis
  • the first driver 140 is connected to the diaphragm 124
  • the first driver 140 drives the diaphragm 124.
  • the membrane 124 vibrates in the direction of the center axis.
  • the annular connector 130 avoids the problem that the sound emitting effect is greatly reduced due to the rapid air leakage of the second through hole 131, and further improves the vibration stability.
  • the first driver 140 and the second driver 150 work together on the diaphragm 124.
  • the first driver 140 can be responsible for the acoustic performance in the high frequency domain
  • the second driver 150 can be responsible for the acoustic performance in the low frequency domain, so that the sound generating device of this embodiment can be implemented as a whole. Full frequency domain performance coverage. Therefore, the sound producing device of the present application not only has stable sound producing performance, but also can achieve full frequency domain response.
  • the dual-drive sound-generating devices in the prior art either have poor stability, or the amplitude range of the diaphragm is insufficient to satisfy the full frequency domain response.
  • the vibrating membrane 124 located above the first through hole as a whole can provide a larger amplitude than the fixed support membrane, and can satisfy the full frequency Domain response.
  • the annular connecting member 130 is equivalent to the supporting structure of the diaphragm 124 above the second through hole 131 , that is, within the effective range of the first driver 140 .
  • the diaphragm 124 above the second through hole 131 is a fixed support film. However, the displacement of the center point of the fixed support film is limited, which affects the full frequency response. Therefore, the structure of the diaphragm 124 within the support range of the annular connector 130 can be improved. , to increase its vibration amplitude.
  • the diaphragm 224 above the second through hole 231 is arranged to be fixed to the cantilever beam structure diaphragm 2242 of the annular connector 230 , and the free end of the cantilever beam structure diaphragm 2242 is the vibration end, which can Provides a higher vibration amplitude relative to the fixed membrane to further satisfy the full frequency domain response.
  • the shape and size of the diaphragm 124 above the second through hole 131 are affected by the shape and size of the annular connecting member 130 fixedly connected thereto.
  • the shape and size of the annular connector 130 can be arbitrarily set. Examples 1-3 provided three different shapes and sizes of annular connectors, respectively.
  • the first driver 140 includes a first piezoelectric unit 141 , and the effective range of the first piezoelectric unit 141 is located at the diaphragm 124 above the second through hole 131 .
  • the first piezoelectric unit 141 is disposed on the upper surface of the diaphragm 124 away from the second through hole 131 .
  • the first piezoelectric unit 141 includes a first electrode layer close to the diaphragm 124 , a second electrode layer away from the diaphragm 124 , and a piezoelectric material layer sandwiched between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer.
  • the first piezoelectric unit 141 may also be disposed on the lower surface of the diaphragm 124 facing the second through hole 131 .
  • a first damping layer 160 is further provided between the first base body 110 and the vibration layer 120 .
  • the second driver 150 is connected to the ring connecting member 130 above it and the first base body 110 through the coupling layer 170 .
  • the second driver 150 can further increase the amplitude of the vibrating film 124 , and the second driver 150 is preferably capable of providing a larger amplitude of vibration, so that the vibrating film 124 has a larger amplitude of vibration.
  • the drive plate in the second driver 150 may be a support membrane, but the center displacement of the support membrane is small.
  • the drive plate in the second driver 150 is a cantilever drive plate 153 .
  • the fixed end of the cantilever drive plate 153 can be fixed on the second base body 151 or the support beam 152 fixedly connected to the second base body 151 , the free end of the cantilever drive plate 153 is the drive end, and the free end of the cantilever drive plate 153 is connected to the annular connector
  • the ends of 130 are connected to drive the annular connecting member 130 to move along the direction of the central axis of the diaphragm 124 .
  • Embodiments 1-3 respectively give different cantilever drive boards.
  • the annular connecting member 130 is close to the outer edge of the diaphragm 124 , so that the space inside the annular connecting member 130 is not in direct contact with the gap, which can improve the stability of the diaphragm 124 .
  • the second driver 150 includes a second base body 151 with a third through hole 1511 in the center, a support beam 152 disposed in the third through hole 1511 and fixedly connected to the second base body 151, and a middle
  • the cantilever drive plate 153 fixed on the support beam 152, the free ends of the cantilever drive plate 153 located on both sides of the support beam 152 are the drive ends, the drive end is connected with the annular connector 130, and the drive end drives the annular connector 130 along the center Movement in the direction of the axis.
  • the support beam 152 can improve the stability of the bottom second driver 150 structure.
  • the second piezoelectric unit 154 is provided for driving the cantilever drive plate 153 .
  • the second piezoelectric unit 154 is attached to the upper surface of the cantilever drive plate 153 close to the annular connecting piece 130 , and the fixed end of the second piezoelectric unit 154 is located at the top of the cantilever drive plate 153 . on the support beam 152 .
  • the first driver 140 is a first piezoelectric unit 141.
  • the first piezoelectric unit 141 is connected to the diaphragm 124 above the second through hole 131.
  • the fixed end of the first piezoelectric unit 141 is set on the annular connector 130.
  • the effective working range of a piezoelectric unit 141 is the diaphragm 124 above the second through hole 131 .
  • a first damping layer 160 is further arranged between the first base body 110 and the vibration layer 120 , and a second damping layer 170 is arranged between the second base body 151 and the cantilever drive plate 153 , which is beneficial to improve sound effects.
  • Embodiment 2 is a diagrammatic representation of Embodiment 1:
  • the sound generating device of the second embodiment is adjusted on the basis of the first embodiment. Specifically, the size of the annular connector 230 , the structure of the diaphragm 224 covered by the annular connector 230 , and the structure of the second driver 250 are adjusted.
  • the cross-sectional size of the annular connecting member 230 is reduced, which is smaller than the size of the diaphragm 224 and is also smaller than the cross-sectional size of the third through hole 2511 .
  • the thickness of the diaphragm 2241 in this area is increased, and in order to increase the vibration amplitude of the diaphragm above the second through hole 231, preferably, slits are also made on the diaphragm in this region to form the cantilever beam structure diaphragm 2242 .
  • slits are made along the two opposite long sides of the annular connecting piece 230 until they reach the short sides, and then slits are made in the middle of the diaphragm in this area along the direction parallel to the two opposite short sides of the annular connecting piece 230 to form two A cantilever beam structure diaphragm 2242, the fixed ends of the two cantilever beam structure diaphragms 2242 are respectively disposed on the annular connecting member 230, and the free ends of the two cantilever beam structure diaphragms 2242 are the vibration ends.
  • a first piezoelectric unit 240 is attached to the upper surface of each cantilever beam structure diaphragm 2242 away from the second through hole 231 , and the fixed end of the first piezoelectric unit 240 is fixed on the annular connecting member 230 .
  • the second driver 250 includes a second base body 251 with a third through hole 2511 in the center, and a drive plate 255 located above the second base body 251 and fixedly connected to the second base body 251.
  • the free end of the drive plate 255 is the drive end, the drive end Connected with the annular connecting piece 230, the driving end drives the annular connecting piece 230 to move along the direction of the central axis.
  • a support beam 252 fixedly connected to the second base 251 is also provided in the third through hole 2511, the driving plate 255 is square, and the first opposite sides 2551 of the driving plate 255 are respectively It is fixedly connected with the second base 251, the second opposite side 2552 of the driving plate 255 is a free side, the supporting beam 252 parallel to the first opposite side 2551 is fixedly connected with the middle of the driving plate 255, and the supporting beam 252 divides the driving plate 255 into two parts.
  • the first driving plate 2553 and the second driving plate 2554, the middle of the first driving plate 2553 is provided with a first slit 25531 along the direction parallel to the support beam 252 for reducing the local rigidity of the first driving plate 2553, the second driving plate 2554
  • a second slit 25541 for reducing the local rigidity of the second driving plate 2554 is opened in the middle part along the direction parallel to the support beam 252 .
  • the driving part drives the annular connecting piece 230 to move in the direction of the central axis.
  • Piezoelectric units are respectively provided on both sides of the first slit 25531 of the first driving plate 2553 , and piezoelectric units are respectively provided on both sides of the second slit 25541 of the second driving plate 2554 .
  • the annular connecting member 330 is designed in a circular shape
  • a circular third through hole 3511 is provided in the center of the second base 351
  • the diameter of the third through hole 3511 is larger than that of the annular connecting member 330 diameter
  • a cantilever drive plate 353 fixedly connected to the second base body 251 is arranged symmetrically about the central axis
  • the number of cantilever drive plates 353 is at least 2
  • the free end of the cantilever drive plate 353 is the The driving end is connected with the annular connecting piece 330, and the driving end drives the annular connecting piece 330 to move along the direction of the central axis.
  • Each cantilever drive plate 353 is provided with a piezoelectric unit, and the fixed end of the piezoelectric unit is provided on the second base body 351 .
  • the present application also provides an electronic device.
  • the electronic device (not shown in the figure) according to this embodiment includes a sound-generating device.
  • the sound-generating device is a sound-generating device including all or part of the above technical structures.
  • the electronic device of this embodiment has the advantages of stable vibration and normal sound.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Piezo-Electric Transducers For Audible Bands (AREA)

Abstract

本申请提供了一种发声装置及具有其的电子设备，其中，发声装置包括：中心设有第一通孔的第一基体、设置于所述第一基体上方的振动层、位于第一通孔内的与振动层连接的连接件和驱动振动层振动的驱动装置，振动层包括位于第一基体上方并固定于第一基体的固定部、悬置于第一通孔上方的振膜和连接振膜与固定部的弹性连接构件；弹性连接构件包括用于连接振膜的连接部和能够沿振膜的中心轴线方向运动的弹性部，连接部的一端与振膜相连接，连接部的另一端与弹性部相连接，弹性部和固定部相连接，弹性部位于第一基体上方；第一基体开设有与弹性部匹配的避让槽。本申请有效地解决了现有技术中振膜振动不稳定，全频域不足的问题。

Description

发声装置及具有其的电子设备 技术领域
本申请涉及电声转换领域，尤其涉及一种发声装置及具有其的电子设备。
 背景技术
使用MEMS（微型机电系统）技术的微扬声器可以是静电型、电磁型或压电型，特别地，压电型微扬声器可以在比静电型更低的电压下工作。此外，压电型微扬声器可以具有简单的结构，并且与电磁型微扬声器相比能够做得更薄。
为使压电型微扬声器覆盖更大频域，目前出现了双驱动的MEMS扬声器的方案，该扬声器包括振膜、驱动器、与振膜连接的压电单元和连接驱动器与振膜的连杆，连杆的一端与振膜的中心相连接，连杆的另一端与驱动器相连接，驱动器对振膜提供活塞运动，压电单元对振膜提供面外振动，驱动器和压电单元的双驱动提高了振膜的振幅范围。
 技术问题
然而，已出现的双驱动的MEMS扬声器具有振动稳定性差的问题，一种情况是：振膜与腔壁之间无连接，振膜在振动过程中易发生摇摆，此种扬声器的稳定性极差。另一种情况是：振膜与腔壁之间通过弹性连接构件相连接，弹性连接构件通常和振膜结构层一起加工形成，直接在振膜上开缝隙形成弹性连接构件，当振膜发生较大幅度的面外振动时，位移超过振膜厚度，缝隙会急剧扩大，声泄漏严重，发声效果将大打折扣。
 技术解决方案
本申请的目的在于提供一种发声装置及具有其的电子设备，用于解决现有技术中弹性连接构件大幅度运动导致的声泄漏的问题。
本申请的技术方案如下：
一种发声装置，包括中心设有第一通孔的第一基体、设置于所述第一基体上方的振动层、位于所述第一通孔内的与所述振动层连接的连接件和驱动所述振动层振动的驱动装置，所述振动层包括位于所述第一基体上方并固定于所述第一基体的固定部、悬置于所述第一通孔上方的振膜和连接所述振膜与所述固定部的弹性连接构件；所述弹性连接构件包括用于连接所述振膜的连接部和能够沿所述振膜的中心轴线方向运动的弹性部，所述连接部的一端与所述振膜相连接，所述连接部的另一端与所述弹性部相连接，所述弹性部和所述固定部相连接，所述弹性部位于所述第一基体上方；所述第一基体开设有与所述弹性部匹配的避让槽。
 有益效果
本申请的有益效果在于：
第一、通过将弹性连接构件的弹性部设置于第一基体上方，避免在振膜上开缝，从而避免声泄漏的问题，提高振动稳定性。
第二、通过设置弹性连接构件，对振膜的沿中心轴线方向的运动起到导向作用，防止振膜在振动过程中发生摇摆，提高振动稳定性。
 附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请实施例一的发声装置的的整体结构示意图。
图2为图1所示的发声装置的底部结构示意图。
图3为图1中的第一基体的结构示意图。
图4为图1中的振动层的结构示意图。
图5为图1中的C处的局部放大结构示意图。
图6为图1所示的发声装置的爆炸结构示意图。
图7为图1中沿A-A向剖视爆炸结构示意图。
图8为图1中沿B-B向剖视爆炸结构示意图。
图9为本申请实施例二的发声装置的的整体结构示意图。
图10为图9所示的发声装置的底部结构示意图。
图11为图9中沿D-D向剖视结构示意图。
图12为图9中沿E-E向剖视结构示意图。
图13为图9所示发声装置中的振动层的结构示意图。
图14为图9所示发声装置中的驱动板的结构示意图。
图15为本申请实施例三的发声装置的的整体结构示意图。
图16为图15中沿F-F向剖视结构示意图。
图17为图15所示的发声装置的底部结构示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
为了便于理解本申请，下面将参照相关附图对本申请进行更全面的描述。附图中给出了本申请的较佳的实施例。但是，本申请可以通过许多其他不同的形式来实现，并不限于本文所描述的实施例。相反地，提供这些实施例的目的是使对本申请的公开内容的理解更加透彻全面。
需要说明的是，当元件被称为“固定于”另一个元件，它可以直接在另一个元件上或者也可以存在居中的元件。当一个元件被认为是“连接”另一个元件，它可以是直接连接到另一个元件或者可能同时存在居中元件。本文所使用的术语“垂直的”、“水平的”、“左”、“右”以及类似的表述只是为了说明的目的。
除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本申请的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本申请的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施例的目的，不是旨在于限制本申请。本文所使用的术语“及／或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
实施例一
参考图1-8，本申请公开了一种发声装置，包括中心设有第一通孔的第一基体110、设置于第一基体110上方的振动层120、、位于第一通孔内的与振动层120连接的连接件和驱动振动层120振动的驱动装置，振动层120包括位于第一基体110上方并固定于第一基体110的固定部121、悬置于第一通孔上方的振膜124和连接振膜124与固定部121的弹性连接构件123；弹性连接构件123包括用于连接振膜124的连接部1231和能够沿振膜124的中心轴线方向运动的弹性部1232，连接部1231的一端与振膜124相连接，连接部1231的另一端与弹性部1232相连接，弹性部1232和固定部121相连接，弹性部1232位于第一基体110上方；第一基体110开设有与弹性部1232匹配的避让槽112。由于形成弹性部1232的开缝处于第一基体110上方的固定部121，振膜124上无开缝，避免了振膜124的位于第一通孔侧的声泄漏的问题。再者，弹性部1232产生较大幅度的位移时，缝隙急剧加大也只是使避让槽112的气流变化大，并不会导致大量的声泄漏，因此，提高了振膜124的振动稳定性。另，弹性连接构件123能够对振膜124的沿中心轴线方向的运动起到导向作用，防止振膜124在振动过程中发生摇摆，以及弹性连接构件123还具有回复力，因此，本申请能够显著提高振膜124稳定性。
优选的，本申请将弹性部1232设计为与连接部1231垂直连接的横梁结构12321，横梁结构12321的两端分别与固定部121相连接，横梁结构12321的中间部与连接部1231相连接，横梁结构12321能够在避让槽112内作沿中心轴线方向的运动。横梁结构12321沿振膜124的中心轴线方向的振动，能够提供振膜124沿其中心轴线方向的回复力，提高振动稳定性。横梁结构12321的长度可依刚度需求调整。
优选的，弹性部1232还包括悬臂结构12322，悬臂结构12322固定于横梁结构12321的中间部，避让槽112的侧壁设有沿中心轴线方向延伸的用于供悬臂结构12322的自由端滑动的导向槽1121。导向槽1121进一步提高了振膜124沿其中心轴线方向振动的稳定性。
优选的，弹性连接构件123的数量至少为2个，优选的，弹性连接构件123关于振膜124的中心轴线对称分布。
优选的，振膜124与固定部121之间的间隙的宽度d大于等于0.1 μm小于等于100 μm，能够得到较佳的音效。
综上，本申请的弹性连接构件123不仅能够提供回复力，而且能够提供导向作用，并且也能防止突然的声泄漏，极大的提高了振动稳定性，能够提供高品质音效。
优选的，连接件为环形连接件130，驱动装置包括第一驱动器140和第二驱动器150；环形连接件130的中心设有第二通孔131，环形连接件130设置于第一通孔内，第二通孔131的方向和第一通孔的方向相同，环形连接件130的一端与振膜124固定连接，振膜124覆盖第二通孔131，环形连接件130的另一端与第二驱动器150相连接，第二驱动器150驱动环形连接件130沿中心轴线方向运动，环形连接件130驱动振膜124沿中心轴线方向运动；第一驱动器140与振膜124相连接，第一驱动器140驱动振膜124沿中心轴线方向振动。
环形连接件130避免第二通孔131的空气急剧泄漏导致的发声效果大打折扣的问题，进一步提高振动稳定性。
第一驱动器140和第二驱动器150共同作用于振膜124，第一驱动器140能够负责高频域的声学性能，第二驱动器150能够负责低频域的声学性能，使本实施例的发声装置整体实现全频域性能覆盖。因此，本申请的发声装置不仅发声性能稳定，而且能够实现全频域响应。
目前，现有技术中的双驱动的发声装置要么稳定性差，要么振膜振幅范围不足以满足全频域响应。
由于本申请的振膜124和固定部121之间设有弹性连接构件123，因此，位于第一通孔上方的振膜124整体相比固支膜能够提供更大幅度的振幅，能够满足全频域响应。
由于位于第二通孔131上方的振膜124与环形连接件130固定连接，环形连接件130相当于第二通孔131上方的振膜124的支撑结构，即第一驱动器140有效作用范围内的第二通孔131上方的振膜124为固支膜，但是，固支膜中心点位移有限，影响全频域响应，因此，可以对环形连接件130支撑范围内的振膜124的结构进行改善，以提高其振动幅度。
优选的，参考图9-14，第二通孔231上方的振膜224设置成固定于环形连接件230的悬臂梁结构振膜2242，悬臂梁结构振膜2242的自由端为振动端，其能提供相对固支膜更高的振动幅度，以进一步满足全频域响应。
第二通孔131上方的振膜124的形状和大小受与其固定连接的环形连接件130的形状和大小影响。可以将环形连接件130的形状和大小任意设置。实施例1-3分别提供了三种不同形状和大小的环形连接件。
优选的，第一驱动器140包括第一压电单元141，第一压电单元141的有效作用范围位于第二通孔131上方的振膜124。在本申请的三个具体实施例中，第一压电单元141均设置于振膜124的远离第二通孔131的上表面上。第一压电单元141包括靠近振膜124的第一电极层、远离振膜124的第二电极层和夹设于第一电极层和第二电极层之间的压电材料层。当然，第一压电单元141也可以设置于振膜124的朝向第二通孔131的下表面上。
为了提高音效，优选的，在第一基体110和振动层120之间还设置有第一阻尼层160。
第二驱动器150通过耦合层170与其上方的环形连接件130和第一基体110相连接。
第二驱动器150能够进一步提高振膜124的振幅，第二驱动器150以能提供更大幅度的振动为佳，从而，使振膜124具有更大幅度的振幅。
第二驱动器150中的驱动板可以为固支膜，但是固支膜的中心位移较小。
优选的，第二驱动器150中的驱动板采用悬臂驱动板153。悬臂驱动板153的固定端可以固定于第二基体151或与第二基体151固定连接的支撑梁152上，悬臂驱动板153的自由端为驱动端，悬臂驱动板153的自由端与环形连接件130的端部相连接，驱动环形连接件130沿振膜124的中心轴线方向运动。实施例1-3分别给出了不同的悬臂驱动板。
在本实施例中，环形连接件130靠近振膜124的外边缘，如此设置，环形连接件130内部的空间与间隙不直接接触，能够提高振膜124的稳定性。
在本实施例中，优选的，第二驱动器150包括中心设有第三通孔1511的第二基体151、设置于第三通孔1511内并与第二基体151固定连接的支撑梁152和中间固定于支撑梁152的悬臂驱动板153，悬臂驱动板153的位于支撑梁152的两侧的自由端均为驱动端，驱动端与环形连接件130相连接，驱动端驱动环形连接件130沿中心轴线方向运动。支撑梁152能够提高底部第二驱动器150结构的稳定性。
为悬臂驱动板153提供驱动的是第二压电单元154，第二压电单元154贴设于悬臂驱动板153的靠近环形连接件130的上表面，第二压电单元154的固定端设于支撑梁152上。
第一驱动器140为第一压电单元141，第一压电单元141与第二通孔131上方的振膜124相连接，第一压电单元141的固定端设于环形连接件130上，第一压电单元141的有效工作范围是第二通孔131上方的振膜124。
在第一基体110与振动层120之间还设置有第一阻尼层160，在第二基体151与悬臂驱动板153之间设置有第二阻尼层170，有利于提高音效。
实施例二：
参考图9-14，实施例二的发声装置在实施例一的基础上做出了调整。具体地，对环形连接件230的尺寸、环形连接件230覆盖范围的振膜224的结构、以及第二驱动器250的结构进行了调整。
在本实施例中，缩小了环形连接件230的截面尺寸，其小于振膜224的尺寸，也小于第三通孔2511的截面尺寸。
为了增加从环形连接件230向振膜224边缘延伸的振膜2241的强度，优选的，增加该区域振膜2241的厚度，为了提高第二通孔231上方的振膜的振动幅度，优选的，减薄该部分区域振膜的厚度，为了提高第二通孔231上方的振膜的振动幅度，本实施例还将在该区域振膜上进行切缝，以形成悬臂梁结构振膜2242。具体的，沿环形连接件230的两相对长边开缝，直至开至短边处，然后在该区域振膜的中部沿与环形连接件230的两相对短边平行的方向开缝，形成两个悬臂梁结构振膜2242，两个悬臂梁结构振膜2242的固定端分别设于环形连接件230上，两个悬臂梁结构振膜2242的自由端为振动端。在每个悬臂梁结构振膜2242的远离第二通孔231的上表面贴设第一压电单元240，第一压电单元240的固定端固定于环形连接件230上。
第二驱动器250包括中心设有第三通孔2511的第二基体251和位于第二基体251上方并与第二基体251固定连接的驱动板255，驱动板255的自由端为驱动端，驱动端与环形连接件230相连接，驱动端驱动环形连接件230沿中心轴线方向运动。
为了增加下部第二驱动器250的结构稳定性，在第三通孔2511内还设置有与第二基体251固定连接的支撑梁252，驱动板255为方形，驱动板255的第一对边2551分别与第二基体251固定连接，驱动板255的第二对边2552为自由边，与第一对边2551平行的支撑梁252与驱动板255的中部固定连接，支撑梁252将驱动板255分为第一驱动板2553和第二驱动板2554，第一驱动板2553的中部沿与支撑梁252平行的方向开设有用于降低第一驱动板2553局部刚度的第一缝隙25531，第二驱动板2554的中部沿与支撑梁252平行的方向开设有用于降低第二驱动板2554局部刚度的第二缝隙25541，第一缝隙25531处和第二缝隙25541处均为驱动部，驱动部与环形连接件230相连接，驱动部驱动环形连接件230沿中心轴线方向运动。
第一驱动板2553的第一缝隙25531的两侧分别设置压电单元，第二驱动板2554的第二缝隙25541的两侧分别设置压电单元。
实施例三：
参考图15-17，在本实施例中，将环形连接件330设计成圆环形，第二基体351的中心设置圆形的第三通孔3511，第三通孔3511的直径大于环形连接件330的直径，在第二基体351上设置关于中心轴线对称分布的与第二基体251固定连接的悬臂驱动板353，悬臂驱动板353的数量至少为2个，悬臂驱动板353的自由端为驱动端，驱动端与环形连接件330相连接，驱动端驱动环形连接件330沿中心轴线方向运动。
每个悬臂驱动板353上均设置压电单元，压电单元的固定端设至第二基体351上。
本申请还提供了一种电子设备，根据本实施例的电子设备（图中未示出）包括发声装置，具体地，发声装置为包含上述全部或部分技术结构的发声装置。本实施例的电子设备具备振动稳定、发声正常的优点。
以上所述实施例的各技术特征可以进行任意的组合，为使描述简洁，未对上述实施例中的各个技术特征所有可能的组合都进行描述，然而，只要这些技术特征的组合不存在矛盾，都应当认为是本说明书记载的范围。
以上所述的仅是本申请的实施方式，在此应当指出，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请创造构思的前提下，还可以做出改进，但这些均属于本申请的保护范围。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种发声装置，其特征在于，包括：中心设有第一通孔的第一基体、设置于所述第一基体上方的振动层、位于所述第一通孔内的与所述振动层连接的连接件和驱动所述振动层振动的驱动装置；所述振动层包括位于所述第一基体上方并固定于所述第一基体的固定部、悬置于所述第一通孔上方的振膜和连接所述振膜与所述固定部的弹性连接构件；
    所述弹性连接构件包括用于连接所述振膜的连接部和能够沿所述振膜的中心轴线方向运动的弹性部，所述连接部的一端与所述振膜相连接，所述连接部的另一端与所述弹性部相连接，所述弹性部和所述固定部相连接，所述弹性部位于所述第一基体上方；
    所述第一基体开设有与所述弹性部匹配的避让槽。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述弹性部为与所述连接部垂直连接的横梁结构，所述横梁结构的两端分别与所述固定部相连接，所述横梁结构的中间部与所述连接部相连接，所述横梁结构能够在所述避让槽内作沿所述中心轴线方向的运动。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述弹性部还包括悬臂结构，所述悬臂结构固定于所述横梁结构的中间部，所述避让槽的侧壁设有沿所述中心轴线方向延伸的用于供所述悬臂结构的自由端滑动的导向槽。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述弹性连接构件的数量至少为2个，所述弹性连接构件关于所述中心轴线对称分布。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述振膜与所述固定部之间的间隙的宽度大于等于0.1μm且小于等于100μm。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任意一项所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述连接件为环形连接件，所述驱动装置包括第一驱动器和第二驱动器；
    所述环形连接件的中心设有第二通孔，所述环形连接件设置于所述第一通孔内，所述第二通孔的方向和所述第一通孔的方向相同，所述环形连接件的一端与所述振膜固定连接，所述振膜覆盖所述第二通孔，所述环形连接件的另一端与所述第二驱动器相连接，所述第二驱动器驱动所述环形连接件沿所述中心轴线方向运动，所述环形连接件驱动所述振膜沿所述中心轴线方向运动；
    所述第一驱动器与所述振膜相连接，所述第一驱动器驱动所述振膜沿所述中心轴线方向振动。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述环形连接件靠近所述振膜的外边缘。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述第二驱动器包括中心设有第三通孔的第二基体、设置于所述第三通孔内并与所述第二基体固定连接的支撑梁和中间固定于所述支撑梁的悬臂驱动板，所述悬臂驱动板的位于所述支撑梁的两侧的自由端均为驱动端，所述驱动端与所述环形连接件相连接，所述驱动端驱动所述环形连接件沿所述中心轴线方向运动。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述第二驱动器还包括第二压电单元，所述第二压电单元与所述悬臂驱动板相连接，所述第二压电单元的固定端设于所述支撑梁上。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述第一驱动器为第一压电单元，所述第一压电单元与所述第二通孔上方的振膜相连接，所述第一压电单元的固定端设于所述环形连接件上。
  11. 根据权利要求6所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述环形连接件的横截面积小于所述振膜的面积。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述第二通孔上方的振膜为悬臂梁结构振膜，所述悬臂梁结构振膜的固定端设于所述环形连接件上，所述悬臂梁结构振膜的自由端能够沿所述中心轴线方向振动。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述第二通孔上方的振膜的厚度小于所述第一基体与所述环形连接件围成的腔体上方的振膜的厚度。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述第二驱动器包括中心设有第三通孔的第二基体和位于所述第二基体上方并与所述第二基体固定连接的悬臂驱动板，所述悬臂驱动板的自由端为驱动端，所述驱动端与所述环形连接件相连接，所述驱动端驱动所述环形连接件沿所述中心轴线方向运动。
  15. 根据权利要求13所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述第二驱动器包括中心设有第三通孔的第二基体、设置于所述第三通孔内并与所述第二基体固定连接的支撑梁和设置于所述第二基体和所述支撑梁上方的驱动板，所述驱动板为方形，所述驱动板的第一对边分别与所述第二基体固定连接，所述驱动板的第二对边为自由边，与所述第一对边平行的支撑梁与所述驱动板的中部固定连接，所述支撑梁将所述驱动板分为第一驱动板和第二驱动板，所述第一驱动板的中部沿与所述支撑梁平行的方向开设有用于降低所述第一驱动板局部刚度的第一缝隙，所述第二驱动板的中部沿与所述支撑梁平行的方向开设有用于降低所述第二驱动板局部刚度的第二缝隙，所述第一缝隙处和所述第二缝隙处均为驱动部，所述驱动部与所述环形连接件相连接，所述驱动部驱动所述环形连接件沿所述中心轴线方向运动。
  16. 根据权利要求6所述的发声装置，其特征在于，所述环形连接件的横截面为圆形，所述第二驱动器包括中心设有第三通孔的第二基体和位于所述第二基体上方并与所述第二基体固定连接的悬臂驱动板，所述第三通孔为圆形，所述悬臂驱动板的数量至少为2个，所述悬臂驱动板关于所述中心轴线均匀分布，所述悬臂驱动板的自由端为驱动端，所述驱动端与所述环形连接件相连接，所述驱动端驱动所述环形连接件沿所述中心轴线方向运动。
  17. 一种电子设备，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-16任意一项所述的发声装置。
PCT/CN2020/105410 2020-07-10 2020-07-29 发声装置及具有其的电子设备 WO2022007050A1 (zh)

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