WO2022000868A1 - 用于合成喜树碱衍生物的中间体及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents

用于合成喜树碱衍生物的中间体及其制备方法和用途 Download PDF

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WO2022000868A1
WO2022000868A1 PCT/CN2020/122298 CN2020122298W WO2022000868A1 WO 2022000868 A1 WO2022000868 A1 WO 2022000868A1 CN 2020122298 W CN2020122298 W CN 2020122298W WO 2022000868 A1 WO2022000868 A1 WO 2022000868A1
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compound
reaction
acid
preparation
catalyst
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French (fr)
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张宏伟
张大明
马涛
朱琦伟
周治国
梅魁
郑保富
高强
袁海玲
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上海皓元生物医药科技有限公司
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Priority to US18/013,375 priority patent/US20230257392A1/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C233/00Carboxylic acid amides
    • C07C233/01Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C233/16Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms
    • C07C233/24Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C233/25Carboxylic acid amides having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the carboxamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a hydrocarbon radical substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms with the substituted hydrocarbon radical bound to the nitrogen atom of the carboxamide group by a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring having the carbon atom of the carboxamide group bound to a hydrogen atom or to a carbon atom of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C231/00Preparation of carboxylic acid amides
    • C07C231/02Preparation of carboxylic acid amides from carboxylic acids or from esters, anhydrides, or halides thereof by reaction with ammonia or amines
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C231/00Preparation of carboxylic acid amides
    • C07C231/12Preparation of carboxylic acid amides by reactions not involving the formation of carboxamide groups
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C231/00Preparation of carboxylic acid amides
    • C07C231/14Preparation of carboxylic acid amides by formation of carboxamide groups together with reactions not involving the carboxamide groups
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D491/00Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
    • C07D491/12Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains three hetero rings
    • C07D491/16Peri-condensed systems
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D491/00Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
    • C07D491/22Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains four or more hetero rings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2601/00Systems containing only non-condensed rings
    • C07C2601/04Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a four-membered ring
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2602/00Systems containing two condensed rings
    • C07C2602/02Systems containing two condensed rings the rings having only two atoms in common
    • C07C2602/04One of the condensed rings being a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C2602/10One of the condensed rings being a six-membered aromatic ring the other ring being six-membered, e.g. tetraline
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/55Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of organic compound synthesis, in particular to an intermediate for synthesizing camptothecin derivatives and a preparation method thereof, as well as a method and application of the intermediate for synthesizing ixitecan mesylate.
  • Exatecan is a DNA topoisomerase I (topoisomerase I) inhibitor, chemical name: (1S,9S)-1-amino-9-ethyl-5-fluoro-2,3-dihydro -9-Hydroxy-4-methyl-1H,12H-benzo[de]pyrano[3',4':6,7]indolazino[1,2-b]quinoline-10,13 (9H,15H)-diketone), is a water-soluble camptothecin derivative with excellent antitumor function. Unlike irinotecan currently used in the clinic, irinotecan does not require activation by the use of enzymes.
  • the structure of Exatecan is as follows:
  • Exatecan (Ixinotecan) compound and preparation method thereof are published in EP0495432B1, and the synthetic method route involved is as follows:
  • the synthesis of the above-mentioned intermediate compound B has undergone repeated reactions of decarbonylation and then oxidation of carbonyl groups, and the atom utilization rate is low, and the yield is only 5.6%.
  • Compound B is used as a key intermediate for synthesizing ixitecan, and other known synthetic methods are also disclosed in patent WO1996026181A1.
  • the specific synthetic route is as follows:
  • the above-mentioned method for synthesizing the intermediate compound B involves repeated ring-closure, ring-opening, oxidation, and reduction reactions, with a long route and complicated reaction operations, and is not suitable for industrial scale-up production.
  • Patent WO2019044946A1 optimizes the synthesis of intermediate compound B.
  • Compound B and the synthesis method for preparing ixitecan from compound B are as follows:
  • the first object of the present invention is to provide a kind of new intermediate compound A, it can be used as the key intermediate of synthesizing ixitecan,
  • the second object of the present invention is to provide a preparation method of the intermediate compound A.
  • the third object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing ixitecan key intermediate compound B by utilizing intermediate compound A,
  • the fourth object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing ixitecan mesylate by using intermediate compound B.
  • the fifth object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing ixitecan mesylate by using intermediate compound A.
  • the method has the beneficial effects of low price of reaction starting materials, simple synthesis route, high atom utilization rate, simple operation, mild reaction conditions in each step, simple post-treatment, high production efficiency, and industrial scale-up production.
  • a preparation method of a key intermediate (compound B) of ixitecan by utilizing intermediate compound A comprising the following steps:
  • 3-fluoro-4-methylaniline can be used as the starting material, and the intermediate compound can be obtained through acylation reaction, bromination reaction and cross-coupling reaction.
  • Compound A, compound A is rearranged to obtain Ixinotecan intermediate B (N-(3-fluoro-4-methyl-8-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthalene) base) acetamide).
  • intermediate compound B prepared from intermediate compound A can be used to prepare ixitecan mesylate
  • intermediate compound B can be used to prepare ixitecan mesylate
  • the preparation method comprises the following steps:
  • compound B is reacted with an oximation agent, (ii) catalytic hydrogenolysis reaction, (iii) a protective group on the amino group to obtain compound 4;
  • compound 7 carries out hydrolysis reaction under the action of acid to obtain compound 8 (ixitecan mesylate);
  • steps (i), (ii) and (iii) can be carried out by a "one-pot method".
  • Step (ii) and step (iii) can also be performed sequentially.
  • step (i) may be performed first, then step (ii), and finally step (iii).
  • step (i) can also be performed first, then step (iii), and finally step (ii).
  • step e by adopting the route of oximation, reduction, amino protection or adopting the route of oximation, amino protection and reduction, the use of high-pressure hydrogenation conditions which are dangerous in the prior art is avoided.
  • the reduction process can be completed under normal pressure, the safety is greatly improved, and it is beneficial to the enlarged production of products.
  • step g by adopting the condensation conditions of reflux and water separation, the use of o-cresol with high toxicity in the prior art is avoided, thereby greatly improving the safety of the reaction.
  • the above process can obtain high yield, and the total yield of ixitecan mesylate prepared from intermediate B through the four-step reaction of steps e to h can reach 27.8%.
  • the preparation method for preparing ixitecan mesylate from the intermediate compound A may include the above-mentioned steps d to h.
  • the total yield of ixitecan mesylate obtained by using compound A as a starting material can reach 22%.
  • the preparation method for preparing ixitecan mesylate by using compound 1 as a starting material through intermediate compound A may include the above steps a to h.
  • the total yield of ixitecan mesylate obtained from compound 1 can reach 15%.
  • Ixinotecan mesylate and intermediates A and B of Ixinotecan are prepared by the above reaction, and the reaction time of each step can be monitored by conventional means, such as monitoring the degree of reaction by TLC, choosing to continue the reaction or end the reaction, and the reaction After the end, choose whether to purify or directly carry out the next reaction as needed.
  • the conditions for carrying out the reactions of the above steps can be carried out by conventional means, but when the following preferred scheme is adopted, the product yield can be increased, the reaction rate can be increased, and the cost can be reduced.
  • step a compound 1 is acylated with an acylating agent under the action of a catalyst to obtain compound 2.
  • the acylating agent is selected from one or more of acetic anhydride, acetyl chloride, ketene, chloroacetate, and nitrile acetate, more preferably acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride.
  • the catalyst is selected from one or more of anhydrous aluminum chloride, anhydrous zinc chloride, polyphosphoric acid, and sulfuric acid, more preferably anhydrous aluminum chloride or sulfuric acid.
  • the reaction temperature in step a is preferably -10 to 30°C, more preferably 0 to 10°C.
  • the reaction time of step a is preferably 0.5-2h, more preferably 0.5-1h.
  • the mass ratio of compound 1 and acylating agent is preferably 1:(2-4).
  • Step a can adopt following raw material adding sequence and reaction mode:
  • the acylating agent and the catalyst are mixed uniformly, lowered to 0-10°C, compound 1 is added in batches, and the reaction is carried out at 0-10°C for 0.5-1 h after the addition.
  • reaction solution was poured into ice water, the solid was precipitated, filtered, the filter cake was washed with water, the solid was collected, and dried to obtain compound 2.
  • step b compound 2 is subjected to a bromination reaction with a brominating agent in the presence of a catalyst and an organic acid to obtain compound 3.
  • the brominating agent is selected from one or more of liquid bromine, hydrogen bromide, phosphorus tribromide, aluminum tribromide, and N-bromosuccinimide, preferably liquid bromine.
  • the catalyst is selected from one or more of magnesium bromide, zinc bromide, iodine, palladium acetate, sodium acetate, p-toluenesulfonic acid, ketone trifluoromethanesulfonate, and silver oxide, more preferably sodium acetate , or iodine.
  • the organic acid is selected from one or more of formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and trifluoroacetic acid, more preferably acetic acid or trifluoroacetic acid.
  • the reaction temperature of step b is preferably 60-90°C, more preferably 80-90°C.
  • the reaction time of step b is preferably 1-3h, more preferably 2-3h.
  • the molar ratio of compound 2:brominating agent:catalyst is preferably 1:(1-2):(1-2), more preferably 1:(1-1.5):(1-1.5).
  • the mass ratio of compound 2 to the organic acid is preferably 1:(2-4).
  • Step b can adopt following raw material adding sequence and reaction mode:
  • the compound 2 and the catalyst are added to the organic acid, heated to 55-65°C, dropwise added with the organic acid mixture of the brominating agent, heated to 80-90°C, and reacted for 2-3 hours.
  • step c compound 3 is reacted with cyclobutanone in the presence of a base and organic solvent A to obtain compound A.
  • the base is an organic strong base, preferably one or more of potassium tert-butoxide, sodium hydrogen, n-butyllithium and sodium methoxide, more preferably n-butyllithium, potassium tert-butoxide, or sodium methoxide .
  • n-butyllithium is a solution of n-butyllithium in organic solvent B, preferably organic solvent B is selected from any one of tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, and n-hexane, more preferably tetrahydrofuran.
  • the organic solvent A is selected from one or more of tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, and n-hexane, more preferably tetrahydrofuran.
  • the organic solvent A and the organic solvent B may be the same or different.
  • the mixing temperature of each reactant in step c is preferably -78 to -50°C, more preferably -78 to -65°C.
  • the reaction temperature in step c is preferably 0 to 35°C, more preferably room temperature.
  • the reaction time of step c is preferably 2-5h, more preferably 2-3h.
  • the molar ratio of compound 3 and cyclobutanone is preferably 1:(1-3), more preferably 1:(1-2).
  • the molar ratio of compound 3 and the base is preferably 1:(1-3), more preferably 1:(2-3).
  • Step c can adopt the following raw material addition sequence:
  • Dissolve compound 3 in organic solvent A drop to -78 ⁇ -50°C, add dropwise base, stir for 1 ⁇ 2h, add cyclobutanone dropwise, stir at -78 ⁇ -50°C for 0.5 ⁇ 1h, return to room temperature for reaction 0.5 ⁇ 1h.
  • organic solvent C for recrystallization to obtain pure compound A.
  • the organic solvent C is selected from one or more of methanol, ethanol, butanol, and propylene glycol, preferably ethanol.
  • step d compound A is reacted in the presence of a catalyst, an oxidant, water, and an organic solvent D to obtain compound B.
  • the catalyst is selected from one or more of copper powder, copper sulfate, cuprous chloride, cuprous bromide, cuprous iodide, silver nitrate, silver acetate, and silver fluoride, preferably silver nitrate, Silver fluoride, or silver acetate.
  • the oxidizing agent is selected from the group consisting of 1-chloromethyl-4-fluoro-1,4-diazobicyclo 2.2.2 octane bis(tetrafluoroborate) salt (selectfluor), potassium peroxodisulfate, and ceric ammonium nitrate One or more of them, preferably potassium peroxodisulfate, or 1-chloromethyl-4-fluoro-1,4-diazobicyclo 2.2.2 octane bis(tetrafluoroborate) salt.
  • the organic solvent D is selected from one or more of acetonitrile, dichloromethane, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, and dimethyl sulfoxide, preferably acetonitrile.
  • the reaction temperature in step d is preferably 20-40°C, more preferably 25-35°C.
  • the reaction time of step d is preferably 6-12h, more preferably 8-12h.
  • the molar ratio of compound A and catalyst is preferably 1:(0.1-0.5), more preferably 1:(0.2-0.3).
  • the molar ratio of compound A and the oxidizing agent is preferably 1:(2-5), more preferably 1:(3-5).
  • the volume ratio of organic solvent D to water is preferably 1:(0.9-2), preferably 1:(1-1.5).
  • Step d can adopt the following raw material adding sequence:
  • Compound A is dissolved in organic solvent D and water, a catalyst and an oxidant are added, and the reaction is carried out at 25-35° C. for 8-12 hours.
  • step e (i) compound B is reacted with an oximation agent in the presence of a base and an organic solvent E, (ii) a catalytic hydrogenolysis reaction is carried out under the action of an acid, a catalyst, hydrogen, and an organic solvent F, (iii) Reaction with acetic anhydride affords compound 4.
  • steps (i), (ii) and (iii) can be carried out in a "one-pot method".
  • step (ii) and step (iii) can also be performed sequentially in any order. For example, step (i) is performed first, then step (ii), and finally step (iii).
  • the step (i) may be performed first, then the step (iii) may be performed, and finally the step (ii) may be performed.
  • the oximation agent is preferably nitrite, such as amyl nitrite, n-butyl nitrite, or tert-butyl nitrite, preferably n-butyl nitrite.
  • the base is selected from one or more of potassium tert-butoxide and sodium tert-butoxide, preferably potassium tert-butoxide.
  • the organic solvent E is selected from one or more of diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, n-hexane, toluene, dioxane, and tert-butanol, preferably a mixture of tetrahydrofuran and tert-butanol solvent.
  • the reaction temperature in step (i) is preferably -10 to 20°C, more preferably 0 to 5°C.
  • the reaction time of step (i) is preferably 0.5-16 h, more preferably 0.5-2 h.
  • the molar ratio of compound B and oximation agent is preferably 1:(1-2), more preferably 1:(1.2-1.6).
  • the molar ratio of the compound B and the base is preferably 1:(1-3), more preferably 1:(1.5-2.5).
  • the acid is selected from one or more of hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, methanesulfonic acid, and hydrobromic acid, preferably hydrochloric acid, more preferably 2N dilute hydrochloric acid.
  • the catalyst is selected from one or more of palladium carbon, palladium hydroxide carbon, platinum carbon, and zinc powder, preferably palladium carbon.
  • the organic solvent F is selected from one or more of ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol, and dichloromethane, preferably methanol.
  • the reaction temperature in step (ii) is preferably 5 to 35°C, more preferably 15 to 30°C.
  • the reaction time of step (ii) is preferably 0.5-3h, more preferably 2-3h.
  • the hydrogenolysis reaction of step (ii) is preferably an atmospheric pressure reaction.
  • the molar ratio of compound B and acid is preferably 1:(1-3), more preferably 1:(1.5-2.5).
  • the mass ratio of the compound B and the catalyst is preferably 1:(0.05-0.5), more preferably 1:(0.1-0.2).
  • the reaction temperature in step (iii) is preferably 5 to 35°C, more preferably 15 to 30°C.
  • the reaction time of step (iii) is preferably 0.5-3 h, more preferably 1-2 h.
  • step (iii) the molar ratio of compound B and acetic anhydride is preferably 1:(1-3), more preferably 1:(1.5-2.5).
  • Step e can adopt the following feeding sequence and post-processing method:
  • Acetic anhydride was added to the above reaction solution, and the reaction was continued for 1-2 hours under the protection of hydrogen.
  • step f compound 4 is reacted in the presence of acid and solvent G to obtain compound 5.
  • the acid is selected from one or more of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and acetic acid, preferably hydrochloric acid, more preferably 2N dilute hydrochloric acid.
  • the solvent G is selected from one or more of water, methanol, ethanol, and ethyl acetate, preferably methanol.
  • the reaction temperature in step f is preferably 40 to 80°C, more preferably 60 to 70°C.
  • the reaction time of step f is preferably 0.5-3h, more preferably 1-2h.
  • the concentration of compound 4 in solvent G is 0.01-0.04 kg/L, more preferably 0.02-0.03 kg/L.
  • the volume ratio of the solvent G and the acid is preferably 1:(0.7-1.5), more preferably 1:(0.9-1.2).
  • Step f can adopt the following raw material addition sequence:
  • step g compound 5 and compound 6 are subjected to a condensation reaction under the action of p-toluenesulfonic acid pyridinium salt and toluene to obtain compound 7.
  • the reaction temperature in step g is preferably 110-150°C, more preferably 130-140°C.
  • the reaction time of step g is preferably 24-72h, more preferably 30-50h.
  • the reaction conditions of step g are preferably reflux reaction, more preferably reflux water separation reaction, more preferably heating reflux powder water reaction.
  • the molar ratio of compound 5 and compound 6 is preferably 1:(0.9-1.2), more preferably 1:(1-1.1).
  • the molar ratio of Compound 5 and pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate is preferably 1:(0.02-0.3), more preferably 1:(0.05-0.15).
  • Step g can adopt the following raw material adding sequence:
  • reaction solution was cooled, filtered, washed with methyl tert-butyl ether, and the filter cake was collected and dried to obtain compound 7.
  • step h compound 7 is hydrolyzed under the action of methanesulfonic acid and solvent H to obtain compound 8 (ixitecan mesylate).
  • the solvent H is selected from one or more of water, 2-methoxyethanol, and ethylcyclohexane, preferably water.
  • the reaction temperature in step h is preferably 90-120°C, more preferably 100-115°C.
  • the reaction time of step h is preferably 4-12h, more preferably 6-8h.
  • the mass ratio of compound 7 and methanesulfonic acid is preferably 1:(3-30), more preferably 1:(15-30).
  • Step h can adopt the following raw material adding sequence:
  • reaction starting material is cheap
  • Ixinotecan mesylate of the present invention and its intermediates A and B are synthesized in a relatively high overall yield.
  • the preparation route of the compound A of the present embodiment is consistent with embodiment 1, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
  • the preparation route of compound B of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 5, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
  • the preparation route of compound B of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 5, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
  • the preparation route of compound B of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 5, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
  • the preparation route of compound B of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 5, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
  • the preparation route of compound B of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 5, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
  • the pH was adjusted to be acidic with 2N hydrochloric acid (360 mL), extracted with ethyl acetate (1 L), the organic phase was washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated, and the crude product was slurried with methyl tert-butyl ether (200 mL). , filtered and dried.
  • Acetic anhydride (33.0 g) was added to the above reaction solution, and the reaction was continued for 1 hour under the protection of hydrogen.
  • the reaction was completed, neutralized with sodium bicarbonate to pH>7, extracted with ethyl acetate (300 mL*2), washed with water, washed with saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, concentrated, and the crude product was added with methyl tert-butyl ether (100 mL). ), a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate (50 mL), slurried, filtered and dried to obtain compound 4 (25.6 g, 62%) as a light yellow solid powder.
  • the compounds obtained in each step are routinely separated and purified, and the pure product is characterized.
  • the structural characterization data are as follows:
  • the reaction starting material of the invention is low in price, the synthesis route of the intermediate is simple, the reaction conditions of each step are mild, the post-processing is convenient and the production efficiency is high.
  • the present invention is suitable for industrial applications.

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

提供了一种用于合成喜树碱衍生物的中间体及其制备方法和用途。中间体A可由3-氟-4-甲基苯胺经过酰化、溴代、交叉偶联反应得到。该中间体A可以用于制备中间体B进而制备伊喜替康甲磺酸盐。中间体化合物B可由中间体A经过重排反应得到;伊喜替康甲磺酸盐可由化合物B经过ɑ位上乙酰氨基、氨基脱保护、缩合反应、水解反应得到。所述反应起始物价格低廉,各步反应条件温和,操作简便,收率高,适合工业化生产。

Description

用于合成喜树碱衍生物的中间体及其制备方法和用途 技术领域
本发明涉及有机化合物合成技术领域,尤其是涉及一种用于合成喜树碱衍生物的中间体及其制备方法,以及该中间体用于合成伊喜替康甲磺酸盐的方法和用途。
背景技术
Exatecan(伊喜替康)是一种DNA拓扑异构酶I(topoisomerase I)抑制剂,化学名:(1S,9S)-1-氨基-9-乙基-5-氟-2,3二氢-9-羟基-4-甲基-1H,12H-苯并[de]吡喃并[3',4':6,7]吲哚嗪并[1,2-b]喹啉-10,13(9H,15H)-二酮),是水溶性的喜树碱衍生物,具有优良的抗肿瘤功能。与目前临床中使用的伊立替康不同,伊喜替康不需要通过利用酶进行活化。Exatecan(伊喜替康)的结构如下所示:
Figure PCTCN2020122298-appb-000001
Exatecan(伊喜替康)化合物及其制备方法公布在EP0495432B1中,其中涉及的合成方法路线如下:
Figure PCTCN2020122298-appb-000002
上述中间体化合物B的合成经过了脱羰基,然后氧化上羰基的重复反应,原子利用率低,收率仅为5.6%。
另外,由化合物B合成伊喜替康盐酸盐步骤中,经过了脱氨基保护(乙酰基),然后上氨基保护(三氟乙酰基),步骤繁琐,原子利用 率低,不利于工业放大生产,且收率仅为4.5%;由邻氟甲苯合成伊喜替康盐酸盐共经过11步,总收率仅为0.25%。
化合物B作为合成伊喜替康的关键中间体,其它已知的合成方法还公布在专利WO1996026181A1中,具体合成路线如下:
Figure PCTCN2020122298-appb-000003
上述合成中间体化合物B的方法,重复进行关环、开环,氧化、还原反应,路线较长,反应操作较复杂,也不适合工业化放大生产。
专利WO2019044946A1对中间体化合物B的合成进行了优化,化合物B以及由化合物B制备伊喜替康的合成方法如下:
Figure PCTCN2020122298-appb-000004
按上述合成方法,制备中间体化合物B时,在硝基还原成氨基的步骤中,后处理较复杂,且路线较长,不利于工业化放大生产。
另外,在由化合物B合成伊喜替康的步骤中,在进行化合物B上乙酰氨基反应时,需要用到加压氢化还原的条件,且在缩合反应中用到了高毒邻甲酚,在放大生产中有一定的危险性;由2-氟-1-甲基-4-硝基苯制备伊喜替康共经过10步,总收率为5.3%。
因而,急需开发一种收率高、操作简便、成本低廉、适合工业化生产伊喜替康的新工艺。
有鉴于此,特提出本发明。
发明内容
本发明的第一目的在于提供一种新的中间体化合物A,其可用作 合成伊喜替康的关键中间体,
Figure PCTCN2020122298-appb-000005
本发明的第二目的在于提供中间体化合物A的制备方法。
本发明的第三目的在于提供利用中间体化合物A制备伊喜替康关键中间体化合物B的方法,
Figure PCTCN2020122298-appb-000006
本发明的第四目的在于提供利用中间体化合物B制备伊喜替康甲磺酸盐的方法。
本发明的第五目的在于提供利用中间体化合物A制备伊喜替康甲磺酸盐的方法。
为了实现本发明的上述目的,特采用以下技术方案。
为了本发明的第二目的,提供中间体化合物A的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
a、化合物1与酰化剂进行酰化反应得到化合物2;
b、化合物2与溴化剂进行溴代反应得到化合物3;
c、化合物3与环丁酮进行交叉偶联反应得到化合物A;
Figure PCTCN2020122298-appb-000007
该方法取得的有益效果在于,反应起始物价格低廉,合成路线简单,原子利用率高,操作简便,各步反应条件温和,后处理简便,生产效率高,可工业化放大生产。
为了本发明的第三目的,提供利用中间体化合物A制备伊喜替康的关键中间体(化合物B)的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
d、化合物A进行重排反应得到伊喜替康中间体化合物B;
Figure PCTCN2020122298-appb-000008
因此,在本发明的制备伊喜替康中间体化合物B的方法中,可以由3-氟-4-甲基苯胺为起始物,经过酰化反应、溴代反应、交叉偶联反应得到中间体化合物A,化合物A经过重排反应得到伊喜替康中间体B(N-(3-氟-4-甲基-8-氧代-5,6,7,8-四氢-1-萘基)乙酰胺)。
在上述经过中间体化合物A制备伊喜替康关键中间体化合物B的方法中,反应起始物易得,合成路线简单,反应条件相对温和,后处理简便,原子利用率高,并且能够获得很高的收率。经步骤a至d的4步反应得到伊喜替康的中间体B的总收率可达到54%。
进一步地,为了本发明的第四目的,可以利用由中间体化合物A制备的中间体化合物B,来制备伊喜替康甲磺酸盐,由中间体化合物B制备伊喜替康甲磺酸盐的制备方法包括如下步骤:
e、(i)化合物B经与肟化剂反应,(ii)催化氢解反应,(iii)氨基上保护基得到化合物4;
f、化合物4在酸性条件下脱氨基保护得到化合物5;
g、化合物5与化合物6进行缩合反应得到化合物7;
h、化合物7在酸的作用下进行水解反应得到化合物8(伊喜替康甲磺酸盐);
Figure PCTCN2020122298-appb-000009
其中,在步骤e中,步骤(i)、(ii)和步骤(iii)可以采用“一锅法”进行。步骤(ii)和步骤(iii)也可以顺序进行。例如,可以先进行步骤(i),再进行步骤(ii),最后进行步骤(iii)。另外可选地,也可以先进行步骤(i),再进行步骤(iii),最后进行步骤(ii)。
因此,在本发明的由中间体化合物B制备伊喜替康甲磺酸盐的方法中,化合物B经过肟化、还原、氨基保护、氨基脱保护、缩合、水解得到伊喜替康甲磺酸盐。这几步反应也均为常规的反应类型,反应条件相对温和,原料易得,后处理简便。特别是,在步骤e中,通过采用肟化、还原、氨基保护或者采用肟化、氨基保护、还原的路线,避免了使用现有技术中具有一定危险性的高压氢化条件。在本发明的方法中,还原过程在常压下即可完成,安全性大大提高,并且有利于产品的放大生产。
另外,步骤g中,通过采用回流分水的缩合条件,避免了使用现有技术中具有高毒性的邻甲酚,从而使得反应的安全性大大提高。
并且,上述过程能够获得很高的收率,经步骤e至h的四步反应由中间体B制备伊喜替康甲磺酸盐的总收率可达到27.8%。
为了本发明的第五目的,由中间体化合物A制备伊喜替康甲磺酸盐的制备方法可以包括上述的步骤d至h。在该方法中,以化合物A为起始原料得到伊喜替康甲磺酸盐的总收率可达到22%。
为了本发明的第五目的,以化合物1为起始原料经过中间体化合物A制备伊喜替康甲磺酸盐的制备方法可以包括上述的步骤a至h。 在该方法中,以化合物1为起始原料得到伊喜替康甲磺酸盐的总收率可达到15%。
Figure PCTCN2020122298-appb-000010
在上述的各个方法中,均能够取得以下的有益效果:反应起始物价格低廉,合成路线简单,原子利用率高,操作简便,各步反应条件温和,后处理简便,生产效率高,可工业化放大生产。
其中,各化合物的结构式如下:
Figure PCTCN2020122298-appb-000011
通过上述反应制备伊喜替康甲磺酸盐以及伊喜替康的中间体A、B,各个步骤反应时长可采用常规监控手段,比如采用TLC监控反应程度,选择继续反应或结束反应,并且反应结束后根据需要选择是否提纯或直接进行下一步反应等。
进行上述各步骤反应的条件可以采用常规手段,但采用下述优选方案时能够提高产物收率,同时提高反应速率,并且降低成本。
优选的,步骤a中,化合物1与酰化剂在催化剂的作用下,进行酰化反应,得到化合物2。
优选的,酰化剂选自醋酸酐、乙酰氯、乙烯酮、氯乙酸酯、和腈乙酸酯中的一种或多种,更优选为醋酸酐、或乙酰氯。
优选的,催化剂选自无水氯化铝、无水氯化锌、聚磷酸、和硫酸中的一种或多种,更优选为无水氯化铝、或硫酸。
步骤a的反应温度优选为-10~30℃,更优选为0~10℃。步骤a的反应时间优选为0.5~2h,更优选为0.5~1h。
步骤a中,化合物1和酰化剂的质量比优选为1﹕(2~4)。
步骤a可以采用以下原料加入顺序及反应方式:
将酰化剂与催化剂混合均匀,降至0~10℃,分批加入化合物1,加完后在0~10℃下反应0.5~1h。
反应结束后,将反应液倒入冰水中,析出固体,过滤,滤饼用水洗,收集固体,烘干得到化合物2。
优选的,步骤b中,化合物2与溴化剂在催化剂和有机酸的存在下进行溴代反应,得到化合物3。
优选的,溴化剂选自液溴、溴化氢、三溴化磷、三溴化铝、和N-溴代丁二酰亚胺中的一种或多种,优选为液溴。
优选的,催化剂选自溴化镁、溴化锌、碘、醋酸钯、醋酸钠、对甲苯磺酸、三氟甲烷磺酸酮、和氧化银中的一种或多种,更优选为醋酸钠、或碘。
优选的,有机酸选自甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、和三氟醋酸中的一种或多种,更优选为乙酸、或三氟醋酸。
步骤b的反应温度优选为60~90℃,更优选为80~90℃。步骤b的反应时间优选为1~3h,更优选为2~3h。
步骤b中,化合物2:溴化剂:催化剂的摩尔比优选为1﹕(1~2):(1~2),更优选为1﹕(1~1.5):(1~1.5)。化合物2与有机酸的质量比优选为1﹕(2~4)。
步骤b可采用以下原料加入顺序及反应方式:
将化合物2、催化剂加入到有机酸中,加热至55~65℃,滴加溴化剂的有机酸混合液,升温至80~90℃,反应2~3h。
反应结束后,降温,将反应液倒入冰水中,析出固体,过滤,滤饼用水洗,收集固体,烘干得到化合物3。
优选的,步骤c中,化合物3与环丁酮在碱、有机溶剂A存在下反应,得到化合物A。
优选的,碱为有机强碱,优选为叔丁醇钾、钠氢、正丁基锂和甲醇钠中的一种或多种,更优选为正丁基锂、叔丁醇钾、或甲醇钠。
更优选的,正丁基锂为正丁基锂的有机溶剂B的溶液,优选的有机溶剂B选自四氢呋喃、二氧六环、和正己烷中的任一种,更优选为四氢呋喃。
优选的,有机溶剂A选自四氢呋喃、二氧六环、和正己烷中的一种或多种,更优选为四氢呋喃。有机溶剂A与有机溶剂B可相同也可不同。
步骤c中各反应物的混合温度优选为-78~-50℃,更优选为-78~-65℃。步骤c的反应温度优选为0~35℃,更优选为室温。步骤c的反应时间优选为2~5h,更优选为2~3h。
步骤c中,化合物3和环丁酮的摩尔比优选为1﹕(1~3),更优选为1﹕(1~2)。化合物3和碱的摩尔比优选为1﹕(1~3),更优选为1﹕(2~3)。
步骤c可采用以下原料加入顺序:
将化合物3溶解于有机溶剂A中,降至-78~-50℃,滴加碱,搅拌1~2h,滴加环丁酮,-78~-50℃下搅拌0.5~1h,恢复至室温反应0.5~1h。
反应结束后,加入氯化铵水溶液淬灭反应,用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相,饱和食盐水洗,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,旋干。加入有机溶剂C重结晶得到纯的化合物A。有机溶剂C选自甲醇、乙醇、丁醇、和丙二醇中的一种或多种,优选为乙醇。
优选的,步骤d中,化合物A在催化剂、氧化剂、水、有机溶剂D存在下反应,得到化合物B。
优选的,催化剂选自铜粉、硫酸铜、氯化亚铜、溴化亚铜、碘化亚铜、硝酸银、醋酸银、和氟化银中的一种或多种,优选为硝酸银、氟化银、或醋酸银。
优选的,氧化剂选自1-氯甲基-4-氟-1,4-重氮化二环2.2.2辛烷双(四氟硼酸)盐(selectfluor)、过二硫酸钾、和硝酸铈铵中的一种或多种,优选为过二硫酸钾、或1-氯甲基-4-氟-1,4-重氮化二环2.2.2辛烷双(四氟硼酸)盐。
优选的,有机溶剂D选自乙腈、二氯甲烷、甲苯、四氢呋喃、和二甲亚砜中的一种或多种,优选为乙腈。
步骤d的反应温度优选为20~40℃,更优选为25~35℃。步骤d的反应时间优选为6~12h,更优选为8~12h。
步骤d中,化合物A和催化剂的摩尔比优选为1﹕(0.1~0.5),更优选为1﹕(0.2~0.3)。化合物A和氧化剂的摩尔比优选为1﹕(2~5),更优选为1﹕(3~5)。
步骤d中,有机溶剂D与水的体积比优选为1:(0.9~2),优选为1:(1~1.5)。
步骤d可采用以下原料加入顺序:
将化合物A溶于有机溶剂D和水中,加入催化剂和氧化剂,25~35℃下反应8~12h。
反应结束后,加入乙酸乙酯溶解产物,过滤去除无机盐,滤液用乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相,饱和食盐水洗,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,旋干,过柱,得到纯的伊喜替康关键中间体化合物B。
优选的,步骤e中,(i)化合物B与肟化剂在碱、有机溶剂E存在下反应,(ii)在酸、催化剂、氢气、有机溶剂F作用下进行催化氢解反应,(iii)与醋酸酐反应得到化合物4。其中步骤(i)、(ii)和(iii)可以采用“一锅法”进行。另外可选地,步骤(ii)和步骤(iii)也可以任意顺序依序进行。例如,先进行步骤(i),再进行步骤(ii),最后进行步骤(iii)。另外,也可以先进行步骤(i),再进行步骤(iii),最后进行步骤(ii)。
步骤(i)中,肟化剂优选为亚硝酸酯,例如亚硝酸戊酯、亚硝酸正丁酯、或亚硝酸叔丁酯,优选为亚硝酸正丁酯。
优选的,碱选自叔丁醇钾、和叔丁醇钠中的一种或多种,优选为叔丁醇钾。
优选的,有机溶剂E选自二乙醚、四氢呋喃、2-甲基四氢呋喃、 正己烷、甲苯、二氧六环、和叔丁醇中的一种或多种,优选为四氢呋喃与叔丁醇的混合溶剂。
步骤(i)的反应温度优选为-10~20℃,更优选为0~5℃。步骤(i)的反应时间优选为0.5~16h,更优选为0.5~2h。
步骤(i)中,化合物B和肟化剂的摩尔比优选为1﹕(1~2),更优选为1﹕(1.2~1.6)。化合物B和碱的摩尔比优选为1﹕(1~3),更优选为1﹕(1.5~2.5)。
步骤(ii)中,优选的,酸选自盐酸、醋酸、甲磺酸、和氢溴酸中的一种或多种,优选为盐酸,进一步优选为2N稀盐酸。
优选的,催化剂选自钯碳、氢氧化钯碳、铂碳、和锌粉中的一种或多种,优选为钯碳。
优选的,有机溶剂F选自乙酸乙酯、甲醇、乙醇、和二氯甲烷中的一种或多种,优选为甲醇。
步骤(ii)的反应温度优选为5~35℃,更优选为15~30℃。步骤(ii)的反应时间优选为0.5~3h,更优选为2~3h。步骤(ii)氢解反应优选为常压反应。
步骤(ii)中,化合物B和酸的摩尔比优选为1﹕(1~3),更优选为1﹕(1.5~2.5)。化合物B和催化剂的质量比优选为1﹕(0.05~0.5),更优选为1﹕(0.1~0.2)。
步骤(iii)的反应温度优选为5~35℃,更优选为15~30℃。步骤(iii)的反应时间优选为0.5~3h,更优选为1~2h。
步骤(iii)中,化合物B和醋酸酐的摩尔比优选为1﹕(1~3),更优选为1﹕(1.5~2.5)。
步骤e可采用以下投料顺序以及后处理方式:
将碱加入到有机溶剂E中,0~5℃下搅拌溶解,将化合物B加入到有机溶剂E中溶解,滴加到上述反应液中,滴加肟化剂,滴加完毕,反应0.5~2h。
反应结束后,加酸调pH至酸性,用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相用饱和食盐水洗,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,浓缩,粗品用甲基叔丁基醚打浆,过滤,收集固体,干燥。
将上述固体加入到有机溶剂F中,10~25℃下,加入酸、催化剂, 通氢气,常压下,氢化反应2~3h,反应结束后,反应液直接用于下一步反应。
向上述反应液中加入醋酸酐,继续氢气保护下,反应1~2h。
反应结束后,用碳酸氢钠中和至pH>7,乙酸乙酯萃取,合并有机相,水洗,饱和食盐水洗涤后,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,粗品用甲基叔丁基醚与乙酸乙酯的混合溶剂打浆,过滤干燥,得到化合物4。
优选的,步骤f中,化合物4在酸、溶剂G存在下反应,得到化合物5。
优选的,酸选自盐酸、硫酸、和醋酸中的一种或多种,优选为盐酸,进一步优选为2N稀盐酸。
优选的,溶剂G选自水、甲醇、乙醇、和乙酸乙酯中的一种或多种,优选为甲醇。
步骤f的反应温度优选为40~80℃,更优选为60~70℃。步骤f的反应时间优选为0.5~3h,更优选为1~2h。
步骤f中,化合物4在溶剂G中的浓度为0.01~0.04kg/L,更优选为0.02~0.03kg/L。溶剂G和酸的体积比优选为1﹕(0.7~1.5),更优选为1﹕(0.9~1.2)。
步骤f可采用以下原料加入顺序:
将化合物4加入到酸和溶剂G的溶液中,氩气保护,60~70℃反应1~2h。
反应结束后,降温至0~10℃,用碳酸钠溶液中和至pH=3~4,接着用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液中和至pH=6~7,过滤,滤饼用水洗涤,收集滤饼,干燥得到化合物5。
优选的,步骤g中,化合物5与化合物6在对甲苯磺酸吡啶盐、甲苯的作用下,进行缩合反应得到化合物7。
步骤g的反应温度优选为110~150℃,更优选为130~140℃。步骤g的反应时间优选为24~72h,更优选为30~50h。步骤g的反应条件优选为回流反应,更优选为回流分水反应,更优选为加热回流粉水反应。
步骤g中,化合物5和化合物6的摩尔比优选为1﹕(0.9~1.2),更优选为1﹕(1~1.1)。化合物5和对甲苯磺酸吡啶盐的摩尔比优选 为1﹕(0.02~0.3),更优选为1﹕(0.05~0.15)。
步骤g可采用以下原料加入顺序:
将化合物5、化合物6、对甲苯磺酸吡啶盐加入到三口瓶中,加入甲苯,130~140℃回流分水反应30~50h。
反应结束后,反应液冷却,过滤,甲基叔丁基醚洗涤,收集滤饼,烘干得化合物7。
优选的,步骤h中,化合物7在甲磺酸、溶剂H的作用下进行水解反应得到化合物8(伊喜替康甲磺酸盐)。
优选的,溶剂H选自水、2-甲氧基乙醇、乙基环己烷中的一种或多种,优选为水。
步骤h的反应温度优选为90~120℃,更优选为100~115℃。步骤h的反应时间优选为4~12h,更优选为6~8h。
步骤h中,化合物7和甲磺酸的质量比优选为1﹕(3~30),更优选为1﹕(15~30)。
步骤h可采用以下原料加入顺序:
将化合物7悬浮于溶剂H中,缓慢加入甲磺酸,固体溶解并有放热现象,氮气置换后,加热到100~115℃反应6~8h。
反应结束后,冷却至室温,过滤,滤饼用水洗涤。滤液用乙醇稀释,固体析出,室温下搅拌,过滤,抽干,将粗品用乙醇、水的混合溶液重结晶,得到化合物8(伊喜替康甲磺酸盐)。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
(1)反应起始物价格低廉;
(2)中间体的合成路线简单,操作简便,各步反应条件温和;
(3)后处理简便,生产效率高,可工业化放大生产;
(4)本发明的伊喜替康甲磺酸盐及其中间体A、B合成整体收率较高。
具体实施方式
下面将结合具体实施方式对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,但是本领域技术人员将会理解,下列所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例,仅用于说明本发明,而不应视 为限制本发明的范围。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
本发明具体实施方式中采用的部分试剂等可以为下述:
试剂 原料供应商
3-氟-4-甲基苯胺 百灵威科技有限公司
正丁基锂 江苏昌吉利新能源科技有限公司
环丁酮 成都安普生医药科技有限公司
过二硫酸钾 武汉梦奇科技有限公司
乙酸 江苏博汉工贸有限公司
实施例1
化合物A的制备
Figure PCTCN2020122298-appb-000012
本实施例的化合物A的制备路线如上所示,制备方法包括如下步骤:
a、将醋酸酐(300mL)和硫酸(1.5mL)加入到三口瓶中,搅拌下降温至10℃,将化合物1(95g)分批加入反应瓶中,加完后在10℃下搅拌30分钟。将反应液倒入冰水中,析出固体,将固体过滤,用水洗涤三次,将固体取出,烘干,得到粗品化合物2(117.8g,92.8%)。
b、将化合物2(115.5g)和醋酸钠(68g)加入乙酸(250mL)中,加热到60℃,向反应液中滴加液溴(132.5g)的乙酸(100mL)混合液,将反应温度升高至80℃,搅拌2小时。反应结束后将反应液倒入冰水中,有黄色固体产生,过滤固体,用水清洗三次,得到白色固体化合物3(167g,98%)。
c、将化合物3(160g)溶于四氢呋喃(1.5L)中,冷却到-78℃, 将正丁基锂的四氢呋喃溶液(2.5M,0.624L)缓缓滴入该反应液中,搅拌1.5小时,将环丁酮(55g)缓缓滴入该反应液中,将反应液在-78℃搅拌半小时后恢复反应温度至室温,继续搅拌半小时,在反应液中加入氯化铵水溶液淬灭反应,用乙酸乙酯(500mL)萃取三次,合并有机相,饱和食盐水洗一次,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,旋干。用两个体积的乙醇重结晶,得到纯品化合物A(110.8g,72%)。
实施例2
化合物A的制备
本实施例的化合物A的制备路线与实施例1一致,制备方法包括如下步骤:
a、将乙酰氯(45mL)和无水氯化铝(5g)加入到三口瓶中,搅拌下降温至0℃,将化合物1(20g)分批加入反应瓶中,加完后在0℃下搅拌45分钟。将反应液倒入冰水中,析出固体,将固体过滤,用水洗涤三次,将固体取出,烘干,得到粗品化合物2(24g,90%)。
b、将化合物2(10g)和碘(15g)加入三氟醋酸(15mL)中,加热到55℃,向反应液中滴加液溴(10.5g)的三氟醋酸(5mL)混合液,将反应温度升高至85℃,搅拌2小时。反应结束后将反应液倒入冰水中,有黄色固体产生,过滤固体,用水清洗三次,得到白色固体化合物3(14g,96%)。
c、将化合物3(30g)溶于正己烷(300mL)中,冷却到-78℃,将叔丁醇钾(27g)缓缓加入到该反应液中,搅拌1.5小时,将环丁酮(17g)缓缓滴入该反应液中,将反应液在-78℃搅拌半小时后恢复反应温度至室温,继续搅拌1小时,在反应液中加入氯化铵水溶液淬灭反应,用乙酸乙酯(100mL)萃取三次,合并有机相,饱和食盐水洗一次,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,旋干。用两个体积的乙醇重结晶,得到纯品化合物A(20.2g,70%)。
实施例3
化合物A的制备
本实施例的化合物A的制备路线与实施例1一致,制备方法包括如 下步骤:
a、将醋酸酐(9.2L)和硫酸(30mL)加入到三口瓶中,搅拌下降温至5℃,将化合物1(2.5kg)分批加入反应瓶中,加完后在5℃下搅拌60分钟。将反应液倒入冰水中,析出固体,将固体过滤,用水洗涤三次,将固体取出,烘干,得到粗品化合物2(3.1kg,93%)。
b、将化合物2(1.5kg)和醋酸钠(770g)加入乙酸(3.6L)中,加热到60℃,向反应液中滴加液溴(1.5kg)的乙酸(1.4L)混合液,将反应温度升高至90℃,搅拌3小时。反应结束后将反应液倒入冰水中,有黄色固体产生,过滤固体,用水清洗三次,得到白色固体化合物3(2.16kg,98%)。
c、将化合物3(2kg)溶于四氢呋喃(15L)中,冷却到-78℃,将正丁基锂的四氢呋喃溶液(2.5M,7.8L)缓缓滴入该反应液中,搅拌1.5小时,将环丁酮(687g)缓缓滴入该反应液中,将反应液在-78℃搅拌半小时后恢复反应温度至室温,继续搅拌1.5小时,在反应液中加入氯化铵水溶液淬灭反应,用乙酸乙酯(5L)萃取三次,合并有机相,饱和食盐水洗一次,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,旋干。用两个体积的乙醇重结晶,得到纯品化合物A(1.45kg,75%)。
实施例4
化合物A的制备
本实施例的化合物A的制备路线与实施例1一致,制备方法包括如下步骤:
a、将醋酸酐(30mL)加入到三口瓶中,搅拌下降温至10℃,将化合物1(10g)分批加入反应瓶中,加完后在10℃下搅拌30分钟。将反应液倒入冰水中,析出固体,将固体过滤,用水洗涤三次,将固体取出,烘干,得到粗品化合物2(6g,45%)。
b、将化合物2(10g)加入乙酸(20mL)中,加热到60℃,向反应液中滴加液溴(11.5g)的乙酸(10mL)混合液,将反应温度升高至80℃,搅拌2小时。反应结束后将反应液倒入冰水中,有黄色固体产生,过滤固体,用水清洗三次,得到白色固体化合物3(11.7g,80%)。
c、将化合物3(10g)溶于二氧六环(100mL)中,冷却到-78℃, 将甲醇钠(5.5g)缓缓加入至该反应液中,搅拌1.5小时,将环丁酮(3.5g)缓缓滴入该反应液中,将反应液在-78℃搅拌半小时后恢复反应温度至室温,继续搅拌半小时,在反应液中加入氯化铵水溶液淬灭反应,用乙酸乙酯(50mL)萃取三次,合并有机相,饱和食盐水洗一次,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,旋干。用两个体积的乙醇重结晶,得到纯品化合物A(6.3g,65%)。对各个步骤得到的化合物进行常规分离提纯,将纯品进行表征,结构表征数据分别如下:
化合物2: 1H NMR(CDCl 3)δ:7.68(1H,s),7.43(1H,d,J=12Hz),7.07-7.14(2H,m),2.26(3H,s),2.20(3H,s);ESI-MS:m/z C 9H 10FNO[M+H] +计算值:168.1;实测值168.1;
化合物3: 1H NMR(CDCl 3)δ:8.18(1H,d,J=12Hz),7.59(1H,s),7.37(1H,d,J=8Hz),2.27(3H,s),2.26(3H,s);ESI-MS:m/z C 9H 9BrFNO[M+H] +计算值:246.0/248.0;实测值246.0/248.0;
化合物A: 1H NMR(CD 3OD)δ:7.68(1H,d,J=12Hz),7.29(1H,d,J=8Hz),2.52-2.56(2H,m),2.35-2.43(2H,m),2.29(3H,s),2.17(3H,s),2.02-2.06(1H,m),1.65-1.7(1H,m);ESI-MS:m/z C 13H 16FNO 2[M+H] +计算值:238.1;实测值238.1。
实施例5
化合物B的制备
Figure PCTCN2020122298-appb-000013
本实施例的化合物B的制备路线如上所示,制备方法包括如下步骤:
d、将化合物A(50g)溶于乙腈(750mL)和水(750mL)中,加入硝酸银(7.1g)和过二硫酸钾(170g),在30℃下搅拌8小时,反应完全后,加入乙酸乙酯溶解产物,过滤去除无机盐,滤液用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,饱和食盐水洗一次,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,旋干,过柱,得到纯的伊喜替康关键中间体化合物B(33g,66%)。
实施例6
化合物B的制备
本实施例的化合物B的制备路线与实施例5一致,制备方法包括如下步骤:
d、将化合物A(350g)溶于甲苯(5.2L)和水(6.2L)中,加入氟化银(46.8g)和过二硫酸钾(1.6kg),在25℃下搅拌10小时,反应完全后,加入乙酸乙酯溶解产物,过滤去除无机盐,滤液用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,饱和食盐水洗一次,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,旋干,过柱,得到纯的伊喜替康关键中间体化合物B(222g,64%)。
实施例7
化合物B的制备
本实施例的化合物B的制备路线与实施例5一致,制备方法包括如下步骤:
d、将化合物A(2.5kg)溶于二甲亚砜(25L)和水(25L)中,加入硝酸银(355g)和过二硫酸钾(8.5kg),在35℃下搅拌12小时,反应完全后,加入乙酸乙酯溶解产物,过滤去除无机盐,滤液用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,饱和食盐水洗一次,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,旋干,过柱,得到纯的伊喜替康关键中间体化合物B(1.96kg,79%)。
实施例8
化合物B的制备
本实施例的化合物B的制备路线与实施例5一致,制备方法包括如下步骤:
d、将化合物A(20g)溶于二氯甲烷(300mL)和水(300mL)中,加入硝酸银(2.8g)和过二硫酸钾(68g),在30℃下搅拌8小时,反应完全后,加入乙酸乙酯溶解产物,过滤去除无机盐,滤液用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,饱和食盐水洗一次,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,旋干,过柱,得到纯的伊喜替康关键中间体化合物B(4.6g,23%)。
实施例9
化合物B的制备
本实施例的化合物B的制备路线与实施例5一致,制备方法包括如下步骤:
d、将化合物A(40g)溶于四氢呋喃(650mL)和水(1L)中,加入醋酸银(8.4g)和selectfluor(298g),在35℃下搅拌8小时,反应完全后,加入乙酸乙酯溶解产物,过滤去除无机盐,滤液用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,饱和食盐水洗一次,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,旋干,过柱,得到纯的伊喜替康关键中间体化合物B(23.8g,60%)。
实施例10
化合物B的制备
本实施例的化合物B的制备路线与实施例5一致,制备方法包括如下步骤:
d、将化合物A(35g)溶于二甲亚砜(520mL)和水(520mL)中,加入氟化银(4.7g)和过二硫酸钾(160g),在30℃下搅拌10小时,反应完全后,加入乙酸乙酯溶解产物,过滤去除无机盐,滤液用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,合并有机相,饱和食盐水洗一次,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,旋干,过柱,得到纯的伊喜替康关键中间体化合物B(24.3g,70%)。
化合物B: 1H NMR(CDCl 3)δ:8.43(1H,d,J=12Hz),2.88-2.91(2H,m),2.66-2.69(2H,m),2.24(3H,s),2.17(3H,s),2.09-2.12(2H,m);ESI-MS:m/z C 13H 14FNO 2[M+H] +计算值:236.1;实测值236.1。
实施例11
化合物8(伊喜替康甲磺酸盐)的制备
Figure PCTCN2020122298-appb-000014
本实施例的化合物8的制备路线如上所示,制备方法包括如下步骤:
e、将叔丁醇钾(34.6g)加入到四氢呋喃(650mL)和叔丁醇(165mL)的混合溶液中,5℃下搅拌溶解,将化合物B(33.0g)加入到四氢呋喃(650mL)的溶剂中溶解,滴加到上述反应液中,反应10min,滴加亚硝酸正丁酯(23.2g),滴加完毕,反应1小时。用2N盐酸(360mL)调节pH为酸性,用乙酸乙酯(1L)萃取,有机相用饱和食盐水洗涤后,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤浓缩,粗品加甲基叔丁基醚(200mL)打浆,过滤,干燥。
将上述固体(27.5g)加入到甲醇(300mL)中,室温下,加入2N盐酸(127mL),钯碳(3.3g),通氢气,常压下,氢化反应2小时,反应液直接用于下一步反应。
向上述反应液中加入醋酸酐(33.0g),继续氢气保护下,反应1小时。反应完毕,用碳酸氢钠中和至PH>7,乙酸乙酯(300mL*2)萃取,水洗,饱和食盐水洗涤后,无水硫酸钠干燥,浓缩,粗品加入甲基叔丁基醚(100mL),乙酸乙酯(50mL)的混合溶剂,打浆,过滤干燥,得淡黄色固体粉末化合物4(25.6g,62%)。
f、将化合物4(15.5g)加入到2N盐酸(620mL)和甲醇(620mL)的溶液中,氩气保护,60℃反应0.5小时,降温至0~10℃,用碳酸钠(65.7g)的水(1314mL)溶液中和至pH=3~4,接着用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液中和至pH=6~7,过滤,100mL水洗涤,干燥,得到固体粉末化合物5(12.4g,93%)。
g、将化合物5(10g)、化合物6(10g)、对甲苯磺酸吡啶盐(6g)加入到三口瓶中,加入甲苯(500mL),130~140℃回流分水反应48小时,反应液冷却,过滤,甲基叔丁基醚(100mL)洗涤,收集固体,烘干得化合物7(18.4g,96.5%)。
h、将化合物7(30g)悬浮于水(600mL)中,缓慢加入甲磺酸(300mL),固体溶解并有放热现象,氮气置换后,加热到112℃反应7h,冷却到室温,过滤,滤饼用水(100mL)洗涤。滤液用乙醇(4L)稀释,固体析出,室温下搅拌20min,过滤,抽干,将粗品悬浮于乙醇/水=4:1(1L)中,加热回流2h,冷却到室温,过滤,固体用少量乙 醇洗涤后抽干,冻干后得到伊喜替康甲磺酸盐(化合物8,16.7g,50%)。
实施例12
化合物7的制备
Figure PCTCN2020122298-appb-000015
本实施例的化合物7的制备路线如上所示,制备方法包括如下步骤:
g、将化合物5(5g)、化合物6(5g)、对甲苯磺酸吡啶盐(3g)加入到三口瓶中,加入甲苯(200mL),130~140℃回流反应72小时,反应液冷却,过滤,甲基叔丁基醚(50mL)洗涤,收集固体,烘干得化合物7(6.4g,71%)。
对各个步骤得到的化合物进行常规分离提纯,将纯品进行表征,结构表征数据分别如下:
化合物4: 1H NMR(DMSO)δ:11.89(s,1H),8.29(d,J=13.0Hz,1H),8.22(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),4.59-4.65(m,1H),3.09-2.94(m,2H),2.18-2.21(m,1H),2.16(s,3H),2.12(s,3H),1.95-2.03(m,1H),1.92(s,3H);ESI-MS:m/z C 15H 17FN 2O 3[M+H] +计算值:293.1;实测值293.1;
化合物5: 1H NMR(DMSO)δ:8.08(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.42(s,2H),6.38(d,J=12.5Hz,1H),4.51-4.41(m,1H),2.91-2.94(m,1H),2.79-2.84(m,1H),2.10-2.18(m,1H),1.98(s,3H),1.90(s,3H),1.81-1.89(m,1H);ESI-MS:m/z C 13H 15FN 2O 2[M+H] +计算值:251.1;实测值251.1;
化合物7: 1H NMR(DMSO)δ:8.43-8.55(m,1H),7.80(d,J=10.9Hz,1H),7.31(d,J=3.8Hz,1H),6.55(s,1H),5.54-5.57(m,1H),5.43(s,2H),5.16-5.25(m,2H),3.17(s,2H),2.39(s,3H),2.11-2.13(m,2H),1.80-1.92(m,5H),0.86-0.89(m,3H);ESI-MS:m/z C 26H 24FN 3O 5[M+H] +计算值:478.2;实测值478.2;
化合物8(伊喜替康甲磺酸盐): 1H NMR(D 2O)δ:7.08(d,J=10.3Hz,1H),7.05(s,1H),5.33-5.34(m,1H),5.24-5.27(m,1H),5.19-5.21(m,1H),5.16-5.17(m,1H),5.12(s,1H),3.25(d,J=13.4Hz,1H),2.91-2.97(m, 1H),2.63-2.66(m,4H),2.47-2.54(m,1H),2.13(s,3H),1.73-1.77(m,2H),0.74(t,J=7.3Hz,3H);ESI-MS:m/z C 25H 26FN 3O 7S[M+H] +计算值:532.2;实测值532.2。
工业应用性
本发明的反应起始物价格低廉,中间体的合成路线简单,各步反应条件温和,后处理简便,生产效率高。因而,本发明适于工业应用。
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种式B所示的中间体化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
    d、化合物A进行重排反应得到化合物B,
    Figure PCTCN2020122298-appb-100001
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,化合物A在催化剂、氧化剂、水和有机溶剂存在下进行重排反应,得到化合物B,其中,优选的,化合物A和催化剂的摩尔比为1:(0.1~0.5),优选的,化合物A和氧化剂的摩尔比为1:(2~5),优选的,有机溶剂与水的体积比为1:(0.9~2)。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述催化剂选自铜粉、硫酸铜、氯化亚铜、溴化亚铜、碘化亚铜、硝酸银、醋酸银、和氟化银中的一种或多种,优选为硝酸银、氟化银或醋酸银,更优选为硝酸银;所述氧化剂选自1-氯甲基-4-氟-1,4-重氮化二环2.2.2辛烷双(四氟硼酸)盐、过二硫酸钾、和硝酸铈铵中的一种或多种,优选为1-氯甲基-4-氟-1,4-重氮化二环2.2.2辛烷双(四氟硼酸)盐、或过二硫酸钾,更优选为过二硫酸钾;所述有机溶剂选自乙腈、二氯甲烷、甲苯、四氢呋喃、和二甲亚砜中的一种或多种,优选为乙腈。
  4. 一种式A所示的原料化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
    a、化合物1与酰化剂在催化剂的作用下,进行酰化反应,得到化合物2;
    b、化合物2与溴化剂在催化剂和有机酸的作用下,进行溴代反应,得到化合物3;
    c、化合物3与环丁酮在碱与有机溶剂的作用下,进行交叉偶联反应,得到化合物A;
    Figure PCTCN2020122298-appb-100002
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤a中,酰化剂选自醋酸酐、乙酰氯、乙烯酮、氯乙酸酯、和腈乙酸酯中的一种或多种,优选为醋酸酐、或乙酰氯;催化剂选自无水氯化铝、无水氯化锌、聚磷酸、和硫酸中的一种或多种,优选为硫酸、或无水氯化铝,更优选为硫酸。
  6. 根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤b中,溴化剂选自液溴、溴化氢、三溴化磷、三溴化铝、和溴代丁二酰亚胺中的一种或多种,优选为液溴;催化剂选自溴化镁、溴化锌、碘、醋酸钯、醋酸钠、对甲苯磺酸、三氟甲烷磺酸酮、和氧化银中的一种或多种,优选为醋酸钠、或碘,更优选为醋酸钠;有机酸选自甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、和三氟醋酸中的一种或多种,优选为乙酸、或三氟醋酸,更优选为乙酸。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤c中,碱选自叔丁醇钾、钠氢、正丁基锂和甲醇钠中的一种或多种,优选为叔丁醇钾、正丁基锂、或甲醇钠,更优选为正丁基锂;有机溶剂选自四氢呋喃、二氧六环、和正己烷中的一种或多种,优选为四氢呋喃。
  8. 一种伊喜替康甲磺酸盐8的制备方法,其特征在于包括根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法而合成中间体化合物B,还包括以下步骤:
    e、(i)化合物B与肟化剂在碱的作用下反应,(ii)在常压条件下,在酸、催化剂、氢气的作用下进行催化氢解反应,(iii)氨基上保护基 得到化合物4;其中(ii)、(iii)可交换顺序,也可采用“一锅法”进行;
    f、化合物4在酸的作用下脱氨基保护得到化合物5;
    g、化合物5与化合物6进行缩合反应得到化合物7;
    h、化合物7在酸的作用下进行水解反应得到伊喜替康甲磺酸盐8;
    Figure PCTCN2020122298-appb-100003
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤e(i)中,肟化剂为亚硝酸酯,选自亚硝酸戊酯、亚硝酸正丁酯、和亚硝酸叔丁酯中的一种或多种,优选为亚硝酸正丁酯;优选的,碱为叔丁醇钾;优选的,在步骤(ii)中,酸为盐酸;优选的,催化剂为钯碳;优选的,在步骤(iii)中,保护基为乙酰基。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤g中,化合物5与化合物6在对甲苯磺酸吡啶盐、甲苯的作用下,进行缩合反应得到化合物7;优选的,所述缩合反应为回流反应,优选为回流分水反应。
  11. 根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤h中,化合物7在甲磺酸、水的作用下进行水解反应得到伊喜替康甲磺酸盐8。
  12. 一种制备伊喜替康甲磺酸盐8的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
    按照权利要求4-7中任一项所述的制备方法合成式A所示化合物;以及
    按照权利要求8-11中任一项所述的制备方法由化合物A合成伊喜替康甲磺酸盐8。
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