WO2021258874A1 - 一种双向角度头 - Google Patents

一种双向角度头 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021258874A1
WO2021258874A1 PCT/CN2021/092498 CN2021092498W WO2021258874A1 WO 2021258874 A1 WO2021258874 A1 WO 2021258874A1 CN 2021092498 W CN2021092498 W CN 2021092498W WO 2021258874 A1 WO2021258874 A1 WO 2021258874A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
output shaft
shaft
bevel gear
output
angle
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PCT/CN2021/092498
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
程振涛
汤丽君
张翰乾
汤秀清
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广州市昊志机电股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2021258874A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021258874A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
    • B23Q5/02—Driving main working members
    • B23Q5/04—Driving main working members rotary shafts, e.g. working-spindles
    • B23Q5/043—Accessories for spindle drives
    • B23Q5/045—Angle drives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/12—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for securing to a spindle in general

Definitions

  • the invention is used in the field of machining, and particularly relates to a bidirectional angle head.
  • the common angle heads in the market include one-way angle heads and two-way angle heads.
  • the one-way angle heads cannot meet the requirements of multi-face processing in the work.
  • the design of the two-way angle head can reduce the repeated clamping of the tooling and improve the processing efficiency.
  • there is no need to change the structure of the machine tool thereby increasing the processing range and adaptability of the machine tool.
  • the existing two-way angle heads have at least the following shortcomings: 1.
  • the output shaft adopts a split shaft, and the structural rigidity is different, and it is difficult to maintain the axial rigidity of the two-way processing; 2.
  • the two output ends of the output shaft are basically the same in size, and the processing The ductility is not good; 3.
  • the disassembly, adjustment and maintenance operations of the output shaft in the body are complicated.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and to provide a bidirectional angle head, which adopts the structure of the output shaft assembly for integral disassembly and assembly, which is more convenient for disassembly, assembly, adjustment and maintenance.
  • a two-way angle head including:
  • the input shaft is arranged in the input shaft hole, and the input shaft is provided with a first bevel gear
  • the output shaft assembly includes an output shaft, a bearing seat assembly and a second bevel gear.
  • the output shaft, the bearing seat assembly and the second bevel gear are assembled as a whole, and the output shaft assembly is inserted into one end of the output shaft hole In the angle shaft box, the second bevel gear meshes with the first bevel gear, and the output shaft forms a first output end and a second output end at both ends of the output shaft hole.
  • the output shaft is an integral shaft.
  • the angle shaft box is provided with a bearing seat assembly cavity on one side of the output shaft hole, the diameter of the first output end is larger than the diameter of the second output end, and the diameter of the output shaft is determined by From the first output end to the second output end, the output shaft includes a bearing housing connection part, a bevel gear connection part and a journal along the axial direction.
  • the bearing housing assembly is assembled on the bearing housing connection part, and the output shaft After the shaft assembly is installed in the angular shaft box, the bearing seat assembly is inserted into the bearing seat assembly cavity, the second bevel gear is assembled to the bevel gear connection part, and the journal passes through the output shaft hole A rotating support body is provided between the shaft journal and the output shaft hole.
  • the bearing seat assembly includes a bearing seat and a first bearing, and the bearing seat is sleeved on the outside of the bearing seat connecting portion of the output shaft and connected to the angle shaft box, and the first bearing Assembled between the bearing seat and the output shaft, the bearing seat has a limit flange, and an adjusting gauge block is arranged between the end surface of the angle shaft box and the limit flange.
  • a second bearing is provided between the input shaft and the input shaft hole, and a labyrinth seal structure is provided on the outside of the second bearing between the input shaft and the angular shaft box, and the A labyrinth seal structure is provided between the output shaft and the corner shaft box on the outer side of the first bearing, and a labyrinth seal structure is provided between the output shaft and the corner shaft box on the outer side of the rotation support body.
  • an air flow channel is provided in the angle shaft box and the bearing seat, and the air flow channel is connected to each of the labyrinth seal structures.
  • a positioning pin is provided on the angle axle box, the positioning pin is provided with a quick-insertion air pipe interface, and the air flow channel is connected to the quick-insertion air pipe interface.
  • both ends of the output shaft are provided with tapered holes and lock nuts.
  • the first bevel gear is smaller than the second bevel gear, and both the first bevel gear and the second bevel gear are ground bevel gears.
  • the input shaft has a shank cone, and the end of the shank cone is connected with a pull stud.
  • One of the above technical solutions has at least one of the following advantages or beneficial effects: when the output shaft assembly is assembled, the output shaft, the bearing seat assembly and the second bevel gear are assembled as a whole, and then the output shaft assembly is output by the output shaft assembly. One end of the shaft hole is put into the angle shaft box, and then two output ends are formed for bidirectional output.
  • the double-head structure can be processed at the same time, which greatly doubles the processing efficiency.
  • the structure of the output shaft assembly is adopted for overall disassembly and assembly, which makes disassembly, maintenance, and adjustment of the combined gap of the bevel gear more convenient.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the output shaft assembly of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1.
  • “several” means one or more, “multiple” means two or more, “greater than”, “less than”, “exceeding”, etc. are understood to not include the number; “above”, “below”, and “within” “And so on are understood to include the number.
  • “first” and “second” only for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, it cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features or Implicitly indicate the sequence of the indicated technical features.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a bidirectional angle head, which includes an angle shaft box 1, an input shaft 2 and an output shaft assembly 3.
  • the angle axle box 1 supports the input shaft 2 and the output shaft assembly 3 and forms a structural protection body.
  • the angle axle box 1 may be one component or a combination of multiple components.
  • the angle shaft box 1 has an input shaft hole and an output shaft hole, and the input shaft hole and the output shaft hole form a certain angle with each other, for example, 90°.
  • the input shaft 2 is set in the input shaft hole and can rotate in the input shaft hole.
  • the input shaft 2 is used to connect with the drive structure such as a high-speed electric spindle.
  • the input shaft 2 is provided with a first bevel gear 21 for connecting with the output shaft.
  • the second bevel gear 32 of 31 meshes to change the shaft output direction.
  • the output shaft assembly 3 includes an output shaft 31, a bearing housing assembly and a second bevel gear 32.
  • the output shaft 31, the bearing housing assembly and the second bevel gear 32 are assembled as a whole, and the output shaft assembly 3 is output by One end of the shaft 31 hole is fitted into the angle shaft box 1, the second bevel gear 32 is meshed with the first bevel gear 21, and the output shaft 31 forms a first output end 33 and a second output end 34 at both ends of the output shaft hole.
  • the output terminal 33 and the second output terminal 34 can be connected to the same or different machining tools.
  • the angle shaft box 1 is in a stationary state, and the input shaft 2 cooperates with the second bevel gear 32 via the first bevel gear 21 to connect and drive the output shaft 31 to run at a high speed, and the output shaft 31 outputs and provides cutting torque.
  • the output shaft assembly 3 when the output shaft assembly 3 is assembled, the output shaft 31, the bearing seat assembly and the second bevel gear 32 are assembled as a whole, and then the output shaft assembly 3 is fitted into the corner from one end of the output shaft hole.
  • the axle box 1 further forms two output terminals for bidirectional output.
  • the double-head structure can be processed at the same time, which greatly doubles the processing efficiency.
  • the structure of the output shaft assembly 3 is adopted for overall disassembly and assembly, and disassembly and assembly, maintenance, and adjustment of the combined clearance of the bevel gear are also more convenient.
  • the output shaft 31 is integrally formed or separately formed and then connected as a whole. For example, in some embodiments shown in FIG.
  • the axial rigidity of the shaft bidirectional machining is improved.
  • the diameter of the first output end 33 of the output shaft 31 is larger than the diameter of the second output end 34, that is, two output ends, one large and one small are formed, wherein the first output end 33 with a larger diameter can be installed Disc milling cutter grinding, vertical drilling and milling cutter can also be installed for milling groove processing, small head processing can be used for drilling and other working conditions, expand the ductility of the processing process.
  • the angle shaft box 1 is provided with a bearing seat assembly cavity 11 on one side of the output shaft hole.
  • the size of the bearing seat assembly cavity 11 is larger than the size of the output shaft hole 12, and the diameter of the output shaft 31 is determined by the first output shaft.
  • the output shaft 31 includes a bearing housing connecting portion 35, a bevel gear connecting portion 36, and a journal 37 along the axial direction.
  • the bearing housing assembly is mounted on the bearing housing connecting portion 35, and the output shaft assembly 3 is mounted After entering the angular shaft box 1, the bearing seat assembly is inserted into the bearing seat assembly cavity 11, the second bevel gear 32 is assembled in the bevel gear connecting portion 36 and meshed with the first bevel gear 21, the journal 37 passes through the output shaft hole 12, and the shaft A rotating support 38 is provided between the neck 37 and the output shaft hole 12, and the rotating support 38 forms a support point for the output shaft 31 to ensure that the output shaft 31 rotates at a high speed.
  • the shape of the output shaft assembly 3 is set in a successively decreasing structure, so that the entire output shaft assembly 3 can be assembled and loaded from one end of the corner axle box 1, and the optional design also ensures torque transmission.
  • the bearing seat assembly includes a bearing seat 39 and a first bearing 310.
  • the bearing seat 39 is sleeved on the outside of the bearing seat connecting portion 35 of the output shaft 31 and connected to the angle shaft box 1, and the first bearing 310 is assembled in Between the bearing housing 39 and the output shaft 31, the first bearing 310 supports the output shaft 31 for high-speed operation.
  • the bearing seat 39 has a limit flange 311, and an adjustment block 312 is provided between the end surface of the angle axle box 1 and the limit flange 311.
  • the gap adjustment between the first bevel gear 21 and the second bevel gear 32 is inserted between the end surface of the angle shaft box 1 and the end surface of the bearing seat 39 through the adjusting gauge block 312.
  • the adjusting gauge block 312 has a symmetrical semi-crescent shape on both sides. Put in and take out directly from the outside to avoid repeated assembly and disassembly of parts, and then adjust the combined gap between the first bevel gear 21 and the second bevel gear 32, so as to achieve the gear combination distance tolerance range of the shaft core corresponding to the use speed. It is sufficient to lock the end nut of the second output end 34 of the output shaft 31. Using this adjustment method, the output shaft assembly 3 can be directly assembled externally. At the same time, it can be moved as a whole when the adjustment gauge block 312 is used to adjust the gear combination distance. Finally, the gear combination gap can be adjusted quickly and effectively, the adjustment is simple, and the assembly and disassembly become especially Convenient.
  • a second bearing 22 is provided between the input shaft 2 and the input shaft hole.
  • the second bearing 22 supports the input shaft 2 to rotate at a high speed.
  • Labyrinth seal structure 4 a labyrinth seal structure 4 is provided between the output shaft 31 and the angle shaft box 1 on the outside of the first bearing 310, and a labyrinth seal is provided between the output shaft 31 and the angle shaft box 1 on the outside of the rotating support 38 Structure 4.
  • the three shaft hole positions of the angle shaft box 1 and the input shaft 2 and the output shaft 31 are all sealed by the labyrinth seal structure 4 formed by the cooperation of the annular boss and the annular groove, which not only meets the sealing requirements, but also meets the high-speed rotation Job requirements.
  • the angle shaft box 1 and the bearing seat 39 are provided with an air flow channel 12, the air flow channel 12 is connected to each labyrinth seal structure 4, the air flow channel 12 is externally connected with an air source, and then is connected to the angle shaft box 1 and the bearing Inside the seat 39, a labyrinth seal structure 4 is provided at the end of the angle axle box 1, and the airflow overflows through the labyrinth seal structure 4 to achieve the dust blowing effect, ensuring that the first bearing 310, the second bearing 22 and the rotating support 38 are running inside the body The environment is relatively sealed; meanwhile, a tracheal channel is set inside the angle axle box 1 to achieve optimization effects such as heat reduction and noise reduction.
  • a positioning pin 5 is provided on the corner shaft box 1.
  • the corner shaft box 1 is kept in a static state, and the positioning pin 5 is matched with the inner hole of the high-speed spindle end cover. 5 It is directly connected with the end face of the spindle end cover to ensure the absolute static of the angle shaft box 1 and the high-speed and stable rotation of the rotating shaft.
  • the contact surface of the positioning pin 5 is a cone structure, and the inner hole of the spindle end surface is a straight hole structure. The cone and straight surfaces are used for matching contact to reduce the matching contact surface and reduce the contact load at the same time to ensure that the positioning mechanism is stable and stable in the positioning function. It is understandable that the positioning pin 5 can also be positioned by direct selling and a straight hole to make the positioning of the angle head more firm and accurate.
  • the positioning pin 5 is provided with a quick-insertion tracheal interface 51, the quick-insertion tracheal interface 51 can be directly connected to a high-pressure trachea, the airflow channel 12 is connected to the quick-insertion tracheal interface 51, The air flow channel 12 branches to each labyrinth sealing structure 4.
  • arranging the quick-insertion air pipe interface 51 on the positioning pin 5 can simplify the design of the air flow channel 12 of the angle axle box 1 and greatly reduce the manufacturing cost.
  • both ends of the output shaft 31 are provided with tapered holes and lock nuts 313, such as ER16 and ER32 collets.
  • lock nuts 313 such as ER16 and ER32 collets.
  • the end can quickly realize the connection of the tool on the output shaft 31 through the tapered hole and the lock nut 313. It can be understood that the two ends of the output shaft 31 can also be connected with the tool on the output shaft 31 by means of threaded connection, interference fit, and the like.
  • the first bevel gear 21 is smaller than the second bevel gear 32, and both the first bevel gear 21 and the second bevel gear 32 are ground bevel gears.
  • the first bevel gear 21 and the second bevel gear 32 are precisely matched to ensure the verticality of the rotating input shaft 2 and the rotating output shaft 31, and the speed of the input shaft 2 is reduced to that of the output shaft 31, thereby increasing the rotating output shaft 31 output torque.
  • the input shaft 2 has a tool holder cone 23, the end of the tool holder cone 23 is connected with a pull nail 6, and the pull nail 6 is a connecting mechanism of the machine tool spindle and the tool holder.
  • the connecting end of the input shaft 2 is a 7:24 or 1:10 tool holder taper 23, which fits perfectly with the taper hole of the high-speed electric spindle (cone contact rate ⁇ 85%). Under the high-speed rotation of the electric spindle, the tool holder cone 23 and the spindle cone can still be closely attached to avoid vibration and cutting instability of the angle head under high-speed operation.
  • the tool holder taper 23 is fully fitted to the high-speed electric spindle taper hole, and the tool holder taper 23 is tightly attached to the spindle taper hole by the pulling force of the pull nail 6 and the spindle broach system product, and passes through the taper.
  • the surface contact effectively transmits the spindle torque to the rotary input shaft 2.
  • the interface form of the tool holder of the input shaft 2 can also adopt a threaded connection, which is convenient for processing and provides high torque.
  • the input shaft 2 is connected to the main shaft unit for high-speed rotation, and the rotating shaft and the angle of repose axle box 1 are assembled through a high-precision second bearing 22.
  • the installation process strictly follows the assembly operation of the second bearing 22
  • the assembly method is used to ensure that the input shaft 2 remains stable under high-speed rotation.
  • the end face of the input shaft 2 is precisely assembled with the first bevel gear 21, and the torque is transmitted through the second bevel gear 32 in turn, and the transmission of the rotation speed in the entire direction passes through the gear surface.
  • the fitting maintains the accuracy of the matching of various parts under high-speed processing. Therefore, the internal design of the structure, the precision of the parts processing and the precision coordination of the assembly ensure that the output on the end face of the output shaft 31 still maintains a high combined precision, thereby improving product processing accuracy and product processing efficiency.
  • the angle axle box 1 is kept in a static state, and is matched with the inner hole of the end cover of the high-speed spindle through the positioning pin 5.
  • the contact surface of the positioning pin 5 is a cone structure, and the inner hole of the spindle end surface is a straight hole structure, which adopts a taper and a straight surface. Contact, reduce the mating contact surface, and reduce the contact load at the same time, to ensure that the positioning mechanism is stable and stable in terms of positioning function.
  • the input shaft 2 end assembly and the output shaft 31 end assembly are respectively integrated according to the G1 dynamic balance level to remove the residual imbalance.
  • the input shaft 2 and the output shaft 31 are assembled and operated by grinding bevel gears.
  • the gear selection condition is one-to-one pairing. From the assembly conditions It completely guarantees the consistency of the curved surfaces, so as a whole to ensure the stable operation of the shaft output.
  • the invention has the characteristics of ensuring high stability under different processing conditions such as drilling and milling.
  • the characteristics of axial output and radial double-head processing make the big end output for large-scale milling of materials.
  • Conditions, small-head processing can be used for drilling and other working conditions, which directly guarantees the high output stability of the product, showing the characteristics of high precision, high gloss, good rust resistance, long life and high reliability.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Gear Transmission (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种双向角度头，包括：角轴箱，具有输入轴孔和输出轴孔；输入轴，设在输入轴孔中，输入轴上设有第一伞齿轮；输出轴组件，包括输出轴、轴承座组件和第二伞齿轮，输出轴、轴承座组件和第二伞齿轮装配为一个整体，输出轴组件由输出轴孔的一端装入角轴箱，第二伞齿轮与第一伞齿轮啮合，输出轴在输出轴孔的两端形成第一输出端和第二输出端。在装配时，先将输出轴、轴承座组件和第二伞齿轮装配为一个整体，再将输出轴组件由输出轴孔的一端装入角轴箱，进而形成两个输出端，进行双向输出，双头结构可同时加工，极大增加了一倍的加工效率。其中，采用输出轴组件的结构形式进行整体拆装，拆装、维修、伞齿轮的组合间隙调节也更加方便。

Description

一种双向角度头 技术领域
本发明用于机械加工领域，特别是涉及一种双向角度头。
背景技术
目前市场通用的角度头包括单向角度头和双向角度头，单向角度头无法满足工作中要求多面加工的要求。双向角度头设计可减少工装的重复装夹并提高加工效率，同时也无需更改机床结构，进而提高了机床的加工范围和适应性。但是，现有的双向角度头至少存在以下不足：1.输出轴采用分体轴，结构刚度交差，很难维持双向加工的轴向刚度；2.输出轴的两个输出端大小基本一致，加工的延展性不佳；3.输出轴在机体中的拆装、调节和维修操作复杂。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一，提供一种双向角度头，采用输出轴组件的结构形式进行整体拆装，拆装、调节和维修更加方便。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：
一种双向角度头，包括：
角轴箱，具有输入轴孔和输出轴孔；
输入轴，设在所述输入轴孔中，所述输入轴上设有第一伞齿轮；
输出轴组件，包括输出轴、轴承座组件和第二伞齿轮，所述输出轴、轴承座组件和第二伞齿轮装配为一个整体，所述输出轴组件由所 述输出轴孔的一端装入所述角轴箱，所述第二伞齿轮与所述第一伞齿轮啮合，所述输出轴在所述输出轴孔的两端形成第一输出端和第二输出端。
在一些实施例中，所述输出轴为一体成型的整轴。
在一些实施例中，所述角轴箱在所述输出轴孔的一侧设有轴承座装配腔，所述第一输出端的直径大于所述第二输出端的直径，所述输出轴的直径由第一输出端到第二输出端依次递减，所述输出轴沿轴线方向包括轴承座连接部、伞齿轮连接部和轴颈，所述轴承座组件装配于所述轴承座连接部，所述输出轴组件装入所述角轴箱后，所述轴承座组件嵌入所述轴承座装配腔，所述第二伞齿轮装配于所述伞齿轮连接部，所述轴颈穿过所述输出轴孔，所述轴颈与所述输出轴孔之间设有旋转支撑体。
在一些实施例中，所述轴承座组件包括轴承座和第一轴承，所述轴承座套在所述输出轴的轴承座连接部外侧，并与所述角轴箱连接，所述第一轴承装配在所述轴承座和所述输出轴之间，所述轴承座具有限位凸缘，所述角轴箱的端面与所述限位凸缘之间设有调节量块。
在一些实施例中，所述输入轴与所述输入轴孔之间设有第二轴承，所述输入轴与角轴箱之间于所述第二轴承的外侧设有迷宫密封结构，所述输出轴与所述角轴箱之间于所述第一轴承的外侧设有迷宫密封结构，所述输出轴与所述角轴箱之间于所述旋转支撑体的外侧设有迷宫密封结构。
在一些实施例中，所述角轴箱和轴承座中设有气流通道，所述气 流通道接通至各所述迷宫密封结构。
在一些实施例中，所述角轴箱上设有定位销，所述定位销设有快插气管接口，所述气流通道与所述快插气管接口连接。
在一些实施例中，所述输出轴的两端均设有锥孔和锁紧螺母。
在一些实施例中，所述第一伞齿轮小于所述第二伞齿轮，所述第一伞齿轮和所述第二伞齿轮均为研磨伞齿轮。
在一些实施例中，所述输入轴具有刀柄锥，所述刀柄锥的端部连接拉钉。
上述技术方案中的一个技术方案至少具有如下优点或有益效果之一：输出轴组件在装配时，先将输出轴、轴承座组件和第二伞齿轮装配为一个整体，再将输出轴组件由输出轴孔的一端装入角轴箱，进而形成两个输出端，进行双向输出，双头结构可同时加工，极大增加了一倍的加工效率。其中，采用输出轴组件的结构形式进行整体拆装，拆装、维修、伞齿轮的组合间隙调节也更加方便。
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本发明的实践了解到。
附图说明
本发明的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1是本发明一个实施例结构示意图；
图2是图1所示的一个实施例的输出轴组件结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本部分将详细描述本发明的具体实施例，本发明之较佳实施例在附图中示出，附图的作用在于用图形补充说明书文字部分的描述，使人能够直观地、形象地理解本发明的每个技术特征和整体技术方案，但其不能理解为对本发明保护范围的限制。
本发明中，如果有描述到方向(上、下、左、右、前及后)时，其仅是为了便于描述本发明的技术方案，而不是指示或暗示所指的技术特征必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
本发明中，“若干”的含义是一个或者多个，“多个”的含义是两个以上，“大于”“小于”“超过”等理解为不包括本数；“以上”“以下”“以内”等理解为包括本数。在本发明的描述中，如果有描述到“第一”“第二”仅用于区分技术特征为目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的先后关系。
本发明中，除非另有明确的限定，“设置”“安装”“连接”等词语应做广义理解，例如，可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连；可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，还可以是一体成型；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接或能够互相通讯；可以是两个元件内部的连通或两个元件的相互作用关系。所属技术领域技术人员可以结合技术方案的具体内容合理确定上述词语在本发明中的具体含义。
参见图1，本发明的实施例提供了一种双向角度头，包括角轴箱1、输入轴2和输出轴组件3。角轴箱1支撑输入轴2和输出轴组件3 且形成结构保护体，角轴箱1可以是一个部件，也可以是多个部件组配形成。角轴箱1具有输入轴孔和输出轴孔，输入轴孔和输出轴孔互成一定夹角，例如90°。输入轴2设在输入轴孔中，并能够在输入轴孔中旋转，输入轴2用于与高速电主轴等驱动结构连接，输入轴2上设有第一伞齿轮21，用于与输出轴31的第二伞齿轮32啮合，以改变轴输出方向。
参见图1、图2，输出轴组件3包括输出轴31、轴承座组件和第二伞齿轮32，输出轴31、轴承座组件和第二伞齿轮32装配为一个整体，输出轴组件3由输出轴31孔的一端装入角轴箱1，第二伞齿轮32与第一伞齿轮21啮合，输出轴31在输出轴孔的两端形成第一输出端33和第二输出端34，第一输出端33和第二输出端34可连接相同或不同的加工刀具。角轴箱1处于静止状态，输入轴2经过第一伞齿轮21与第二伞齿轮32配合运转，连接并带动输出轴31高速运转，输出轴31输出并提供切削扭矩。
本发明的实施例中，输出轴组件3在装配时，先将输出轴31、轴承座组件和第二伞齿轮32装配为一个整体，再将输出轴组件3由输出轴孔的一端装入角轴箱1，进而形成两个输出端，进行双向输出，双头结构可同时加工，极大增加了一倍的加工效率。其中，采用输出轴组件3的结构形式进行整体拆装，拆装、维修、伞齿轮的组合间隙调节也更加方便。
输出轴31为一体成型或分体成型后连接为一个整体，例如在图2所示的一些实施例中，输出轴31为一体成型的整轴，设计为一支 整轴保证了结构刚度，维持了轴双向加工的轴向刚度。
参见图2，输出轴31的第一输出端33的直径大于第二输出端34的直径，即形成一大、一小的两个输出端，其中，直径较大的第一输出端33可安装盘式铣刀磨削，也可安装立式钻铣刀进行铣槽加工，小头加工可用于钻孔等工况，开扩了加工工序的延展性。
参见图1、图2，角轴箱1在输出轴孔的一侧设有轴承座装配腔11，轴承座装配腔11的尺寸大于输出轴孔12的尺寸，输出轴31的直径由第一输出端33到第二输出端34依次递减，输出轴31沿轴线方向包括轴承座连接部35、伞齿轮连接部36和轴颈37，轴承座组件装配于轴承座连接部35，输出轴组件3装入角轴箱1后，轴承座组件嵌入轴承座装配腔11，第二伞齿轮32装配于伞齿轮连接部36，并与第一伞齿轮21啮合，轴颈37穿过输出轴孔12，轴颈37与输出轴孔12之间设有旋转支撑体38，旋转支撑体38为输出轴31形成支撑点，保证输出轴31高速旋转。输出轴组件3外形设置为逐次递减结构，由此可将整个输出轴组件3组装完成并从角轴箱1一端装入即可，同时该选择设计也保证了扭矩传递。
参见图1、图2，轴承座组件包括轴承座39和第一轴承310，轴承座39套在输出轴31的轴承座连接部35外侧，并与角轴箱1连接，第一轴承310装配在轴承座39和输出轴31之间，第一轴承310支撑输出轴31进行高速运转。轴承座39具有限位凸缘311，角轴箱1的端面与限位凸缘311之间设有调节量块312。第一伞齿轮21和第二伞齿轮32之间的调隙通过调节量块312塞入角轴箱1端面和轴承座 39端面之间，其中调节量块312为两侧对称半月牙形状，可直接从外周围放入取出，避免造成零件的重复装拆次数，进而调整第一伞齿轮21和第二伞齿轮32间的组合间隙，从而达到轴芯对应使用转速的齿轮组合距离公差范围，最后将输出轴31第二输出端34的端螺母锁紧即可。使用该调节方法，可直接在外将输出轴组件3组装完成，同时在使用调节量块312调整齿轮组合距离时可整体移动，最终快速有效的调节齿轮组合间隙，调节简易，装拆也变得尤为方便快捷。
参见图1，输入轴2与输入轴孔之间设有第二轴承22，第二轴承22支撑输入轴2高速旋转，输入轴2与角轴箱1之间于第二轴承22的外侧设有迷宫密封结构4，输出轴31与角轴箱1之间于第一轴承310的外侧设有迷宫密封结构4，输出轴31与角轴箱1之间于旋转支撑体38的外侧设有迷宫密封结构4。换言之，在角轴箱1与输入轴2和输出轴31的三个轴孔位置均通过具有环形凸台、环形凹槽相互配合形成的迷宫密封结构4密封，既满足密封要求，又满足高速旋转的工作要求。
进一步的，参见图1，角轴箱1和轴承座39中设有气流通道12，气流通道12接通至各迷宫密封结构4，气流通道12外接气源，再通入角轴箱1和轴承座39内部，角轴箱1端部分别设置迷宫密封结构4，气流经迷宫密封结构4溢出，以达到吹尘效果，保证第一轴承310、第二轴承22和旋转支撑体38在机体内部运转环境的相对密封；同时角轴箱1内部设置气管通道，以达到降热、降噪等优化效果。
在一些实施例中，参见图1，角轴箱1上设有定位销5，整机结 构中，角轴箱1保持静止状态，并通过定位销5与高速主轴端盖内孔配合，定位销5与主轴端盖端面直接连接，保证了角轴箱1的绝对静止和旋转轴的高速稳定旋转。定位销5接触面为锥结构，主轴端面内孔为直孔结构，采用锥、直面配合接触，减小配合接触面，同时降低接触负载，保证定位机构在定位功能上实现稳定、稳固。可以理解的是，定位销5也可以采用直销与直孔配合定位，使角度头定位更为牢固精准。
进一步的，参见图1，定位销5设有快插气管接口51，快插气管接口51能够直接连接高压气管，气流通道12与快插气管接口51连接，快插气管接口51引入的气体，经气流通道12分流至各迷宫密封结构4。其中，将快插气管接口51设置于定位销5，能够简化角轴箱1的气流通道12设计，大大降低制造成本。
参见图1，输出轴31的两端均设有锥孔和锁紧螺母313，锁紧螺母313例如ER16和ER32筒夹，当然该结构不仅仅限于此两种型号夹头，输出轴31的两端能够通过锥孔和锁紧螺母313快速实现刀具在输出轴31上的连接。可以理解的是，输出轴31的两端还可以采用螺纹连接、过盈配合等方式实现刀具在输出轴31上的连接。
在一些实施例中，参见图1，第一伞齿轮21小于第二伞齿轮32，第一伞齿轮21和第二伞齿轮32均为研磨伞齿轮。第一伞齿轮21与第二伞齿轮32精密配合，保证旋转输入轴2与旋转输出轴31的垂直度，且输入轴2转速至输出轴31转速做降速设计，从而增大了旋转输出轴31的输出扭矩。
参见图1，输入轴2具有刀柄锥23，刀柄锥23的端部连接拉钉6，拉钉6为机床主轴与刀柄的连接机构。输入轴2的连接端为7:24或1:10刀柄锥23，与高速电主轴锥孔完美贴合(锥面接触率≥85％)。在电主轴高速旋转下，刀柄锥23与主轴锥依旧能紧密贴紧，避免高速运转下角度头产生振动以及切削不稳定性。如附图1所示，刀柄锥23与高速电主轴锥孔完全贴合，依托拉钉6与主轴拉刀系统产品的拉力将刀柄锥23与主轴锥孔拉紧贴合，并通过锥面接触将主轴扭矩有效传递到旋转输入轴2。当然，输入轴2的刀柄接口形式还可以采用螺纹连接，加工方便，提供扭矩大。
在本发明的实施例中，输入轴2连接主轴单元高速旋转，旋转轴与静止角轴箱1之间通过高精密的第二轴承22组合安装，安装过程严格按照第二轴承22的组配操作手法进行组装，以保证输入轴2在高速旋转状态下保持平稳，输入轴2端面与第一伞齿轮21精密配合组装，依次通过第二伞齿轮32扭矩传递，整个方向转速的传动通过齿轮面全面贴合保持高速加工状态下，各个零件配合的精准性。故结构的内部设计、零件加工精度与组装的精密配合，使在输出轴31端面输出仍旧维持高的组合精度，从而提升产品加工精度与产品加工效率。
整机结构中，角轴箱1保持静止状态，并通过定位销5与高速主轴端盖内孔配合，定位销5接触面为锥结构，主轴端面内孔为直孔结构，采用锥、直面配合接触，减小配合接触面，同时降低接触负载，保证定位机构在定位功能上实现稳定、稳固。输入轴2端组件和输出 轴31端组件分别整体按G1动平衡等级去除残余不平衡量，输入轴2与输出轴31使用研磨伞齿轮组装配合运转，齿轮选用条件为一一配对形式，从装配条件中完全保证曲面配合的一致性，故整体性上保证轴输出运转稳定。
综上所述：本发明有着在钻、铣等不同加工工况下保证高速切削状态下维持高稳定性的特点，轴向输出，径向双头加工的特点使大头端输出进行材料大铣削的条件，小头加工可用于钻孔等工况，直接保证了产品高输出稳定性，展现出高精、高光、防锈性良好、寿命持久且可靠性高的特点。
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“示例”、“实施例”或“一些实施例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
当然，本发明创造并不局限于上述实施方式，熟悉本领域的技术人员在不违背本发明精神的前提下还可作出等同变形或替换，这些等同的变型或替换均包含在本申请权利要求所限定的范围内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种双向角度头，其特征在于，包括：
    角轴箱，具有输入轴孔和输出轴孔；
    输入轴，设在所述输入轴孔中，所述输入轴上设有第一伞齿轮；
    输出轴组件，包括输出轴、轴承座组件和第二伞齿轮，所述输出轴、轴承座组件和第二伞齿轮装配为一个整体，所述输出轴组件由所述输出轴孔的一端装入所述角轴箱，所述第二伞齿轮与所述第一伞齿轮啮合，所述输出轴在所述输出轴孔的两端形成第一输出端和第二输出端。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的双向角度头，其特征在于，所述输出轴为一体成型的整轴。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的双向角度头，其特征在于，所述角轴箱在所述输出轴孔的一侧设有轴承座装配腔，所述第一输出端的直径大于所述第二输出端的直径，所述输出轴的直径由第一输出端到第二输出端依次递减，所述输出轴沿轴线方向包括轴承座连接部、伞齿轮连接部和轴颈，所述轴承座组件装配于所述轴承座连接部，所述输出轴组件装入所述角轴箱后，所述轴承座组件嵌入所述轴承座装配腔，所述第二伞齿轮装配于所述伞齿轮连接部，所述轴颈穿过所述输出轴孔，所述轴颈与所述输出轴孔之间设有旋转支撑体。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的双向角度头，其特征在于，所述轴承座组件包括轴承座和第一轴承，所述轴承座套在所述输出轴的轴承座连接部外侧，并与所述角轴箱连接，所述第一轴承装配在所述轴承 座和所述输出轴之间，所述轴承座具有限位凸缘，所述角轴箱的端面与所述限位凸缘之间设有调节量块。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的双向角度头，其特征在于，所述输入轴与所述输入轴孔之间设有第二轴承，所述输入轴与角轴箱之间于所述第二轴承的外侧设有迷宫密封结构，所述输出轴与所述角轴箱之间于所述第一轴承的外侧设有迷宫密封结构，所述输出轴与所述角轴箱之间于所述旋转支撑体的外侧设有迷宫密封结构。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的双向角度头，其特征在于，所述角轴箱和轴承座中设有气流通道，所述气流通道接通至各所述迷宫密封结构。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的双向角度头，其特征在于，所述角轴箱上设有定位销，所述定位销设有快插气管接口，所述气流通道与所述快插气管接口连接。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的双向角度头，其特征在于，所述输出轴的两端均设有锥孔和锁紧螺母。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的双向角度头，其特征在于，所述第一伞齿轮小于所述第二伞齿轮，所述第一伞齿轮和所述第二伞齿轮均为研磨伞齿轮。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的双向角度头，其特征在于，所述输入轴具有刀柄锥，所述刀柄锥的端部连接拉钉。
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