WO2021258412A1 - 一种收割播种一体化复式作业机 - Google Patents

一种收割播种一体化复式作业机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021258412A1
WO2021258412A1 PCT/CN2020/099142 CN2020099142W WO2021258412A1 WO 2021258412 A1 WO2021258412 A1 WO 2021258412A1 CN 2020099142 W CN2020099142 W CN 2020099142W WO 2021258412 A1 WO2021258412 A1 WO 2021258412A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
seeding
combine harvester
harvesting
ditching
stubble
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2020/099142
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
徐立章
陈挑挑
孙贻新
李耀明
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江苏大学
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Publication date
Application filed by 江苏大学 filed Critical 江苏大学
Priority to US18/012,657 priority Critical patent/US11730072B2/en
Publication of WO2021258412A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021258412A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B49/00—Combined machines
    • A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
    • A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
    • A01B49/065—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising the soil-working tools being actively driven
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B33/00—Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs
    • A01B33/02—Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs with tools on horizontal shaft transverse to direction of travel
    • A01B33/021—Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs with tools on horizontal shaft transverse to direction of travel with rigid tools
    • A01B33/024—Tilling implements with rotary driven tools, e.g. in combination with fertiliser distributors or seeders, with grubbing chains, with sloping axles, with driven discs with tools on horizontal shaft transverse to direction of travel with rigid tools with disk-like tools
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B43/00—Gatherers for removing stones, undesirable roots or the like from the soil, e.g. tractor-drawn rakes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B49/00—Combined machines
    • A01B49/02—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind
    • A01B49/022—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind at least one tool being actively driven
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B49/00—Combined machines
    • A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B63/00—Lifting or adjusting devices or arrangements for agricultural machines or implements
    • A01B63/02—Lifting or adjusting devices or arrangements for agricultural machines or implements for implements mounted on tractors
    • A01B63/10—Lifting or adjusting devices or arrangements for agricultural machines or implements for implements mounted on tractors operated by hydraulic or pneumatic means
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
    • A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
    • A01C5/062—Devices for making drills or furrows
    • A01C5/064—Devices for making drills or furrows with rotating tools
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C7/00—Sowing
    • A01C7/006—Minimum till seeding
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C7/00—Sowing
    • A01C7/06—Seeders combined with fertilising apparatus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D41/00—Combines, i.e. harvesters or mowers combined with threshing devices
    • A01D41/12—Details of combines
    • A01D41/1243—Devices for laying-out or distributing the straw
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D41/00—Combines, i.e. harvesters or mowers combined with threshing devices
    • A01D41/12—Details of combines
    • A01D41/127—Control or measuring arrangements specially adapted for combines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D43/00—Mowers combined with apparatus performing additional operations while mowing
    • A01D43/12—Mowers combined with apparatus performing additional operations while mowing with soil-working implements, e.g. ploughs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D43/00—Mowers combined with apparatus performing additional operations while mowing
    • A01D43/14—Mowers combined with apparatus performing additional operations while mowing with dispensing apparatus, e.g. for fertilisers, herbicides or preservatives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D45/00—Harvesting of standing crops
    • A01D45/04—Harvesting of standing crops of rice
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01F—PROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F12/00—Parts or details of threshing apparatus
    • A01F12/40—Arrangements of straw crushers or cutters

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and in particular relates to an integrated compound work machine for harvesting and seeding.
  • rapeseed production areas are located in the Yangtze River Basin, accounting for more than 90% of the total output, mainly rice-oil or rice-rice-oil-water dry wheels. For a long time, sowing in this area has been affected by the harvesting time of the previous crops, soil compaction and scattered fields.
  • the low level of rapeseed mechanization has led to high production costs and low benefits, which restricted the development of the rape industry. Improving the level of mechanized rapeseed planting in my country is an important way to save costs and increase efficiency in rapeseed planting.
  • the present invention provides a harvesting and seeding integrated compound working machine, which is used to simplify the operation mode.
  • the stubble removal device is installed under the conveying trough of the combine harvester.
  • the rape seeding device is installed at the rear of the chassis of the combine harvester.
  • the present invention does not increase the complexity of the operator's operation and does not affect the normal operation of the combine harvester under the premise of the normal operation of the combine harvester. It can harvest rice at the same time.
  • Stubble removal, shallow loosening, fertilization, rotary tillage, ditching, rape seeding, grass scraping, soil burial and other operations are completed at one time, so as to reduce the number of agricultural machinery rolling, slow down the degree of soil compaction and save operating costs.
  • the technical scheme of the present invention is: a harvesting and seeding integrated compound work machine, including a combine harvester, a stubble killing device, a shallow loosening device, a fertilizing device, a rotary tilling and ditching device, a seeding device, a detection device, a first driving device, and a first driving device.
  • the stubble killing device is installed in front of the chassis of the combine harvester, and the stubble killing device is respectively connected with the conveying trough and the chassis of the combine harvester; the shallow loosening device, fertilizing device, rotary tillage and ditching device and seeding
  • the device is installed in sequence on the frame connected to the rear of the chassis; the detection device is used to detect the moving displacement of the cutting table and transmit it to the control device; the first drive device is used to drive the stubble killing device to work; the second drive The device is used to drive the work of the fertilizing device, the rotary tilling and ditching device and the seeding device; the control device is respectively connected with the operating rod, the detection device, the first driving device and the second driving device of the combine harvester.
  • the first driving device includes a first hydraulic motor and a first oil cylinder; the first hydraulic motor drives the stubble killing device to perform stubble removal work; one end of the first oil cylinder is hinged with the stubble killing device, and the other end is connected to the combine harvester The bottom of the conveying trough of the machine is hinged; the stubble killing device is also hinged with one end of the support rod, and the other end of the support rod is hinged with the chassis of the combine harvester.
  • the second driving device includes a second hydraulic motor and a second oil cylinder; the second hydraulic motor is installed on a transmission box on one side of the frame, and the transmission box is connected to the fertilization device and the rotary tillage ditching device respectively.
  • the drive shaft is connected, the second hydraulic motor drives the fertilization device and the rotary tillage ditching device to work, and the driving force of the fertilization device is transmitted to the seeding device at the other end of the drive shaft to drive the seeding device to work;
  • the frame The front end of the frame is hinged with the chassis of the combine, the upper end of the frame is hinged with one end of the second oil cylinder, and the other end of the second oil cylinder is hinged with the combine.
  • the Asamatsu fertilizing shovel includes a plurality of Asamatsu fertilizing shovel; the Asamatsu fertilizing shovel is installed in the lower part of the frame, and the Asamatsu fertilizing shovel is located in front of the fertilizing pipe of the fertilizing device.
  • the rotary tillage and ditching device includes a rotary tiller and a ditching knife; the ditching knife is arranged in the middle of the rotary tillage and ditching device, and the rotary tillage knife is arranged on both sides of the ditching knife.
  • the turning diameter of the ditch knife is larger than that of the rotary tiller; the back of the rotary tiller is provided with a retaining plate, and the back of the ditching knife is not provided with a retaining plate.
  • the combine harvester is provided with a grass cutter.
  • the seed opener is installed at the lower part of the rack and located below the seeding device; the upper end of the seeding tube is connected to the seeding device, and the lower end is located at the opener.
  • the back of the seed groove device is located at the seed opener.
  • the detection device is a rope-type displacement sensor; the rope-type displacement sensor is installed on the base of the oil cylinder that controls the lifting of the header of the combine. Bottom connection.
  • control device is connected to the operating rod through a travel switch.
  • the combine harvester is a rice combine harvester or a wheat combine harvester.
  • the present invention is fixedly installed on the chassis of the combine harvester in the form of hooking, wherein the stubble killing device is installed under the conveying trough of the combine harvester, and the detection device is associated with the combine to move, the shallow loosening device, fertilizing device, and rotary
  • the plowing and ditching device and the rape seeding device are rear mounted on the rear of the chassis of the combine harvester, and the movement of the combine harvester is controlled by a stroke switch.
  • the invention can achieve the effects of completing rice harvesting, stubble elimination and rape fertilization, rotary tillage, ditching, seeding, grass fragmentation, soil burial and other operations at one time, and at the same time reduces the number of agricultural machinery rolling, and slows down The degree of soil compaction saves operating costs.
  • the present invention realizes the linkage with the combine harvester through the control design of the detection device, the control device, etc., does not increase the complexity of the operator's operation, and does not affect the normal operation of the combine harvester.
  • the present invention is combined with the grass shredder on the combine harvester, and the crushed stalks are thrown into the field and covered on the rapeseeds, which can play the role of water storage and moisture retention, and is more conducive to the growth of rapeseed.
  • FIG. 1 is a state diagram of a harvesting and seeding integrated compound working machine according to an embodiment of the present invention when it is working normally;
  • FIG. 2 is a state diagram of the integrated compound working machine for harvesting and seeding according to an embodiment of the present invention when it stops working;
  • Fig. 3 is a top view of the integrated harvesting and seeding compound work machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a left side view of the integrated harvesting and seeding compound work machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a working principle diagram of the linkage between the stubble killing device and the combine harvester according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 6 is a working principle diagram of the linkage of the shallow loosening, fertilizing, rotary tillage and ditching and rape seeding device and the combine harvester according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 7 is a working flow chart of the integrated harvesting and seeding compound working machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • first and second are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined with “first” and “second” may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of these features.
  • “plurality” means two or more than two, unless specifically defined otherwise.
  • the terms “installed”, “connected”, “connected”, “fixed” and other terms should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection. , Or integrally connected; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between two components.
  • installed can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection.
  • integrally connected it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection
  • it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication between two components.
  • the specific meanings of the above-mentioned terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.
  • an integrated harvesting and seeding compound working machine includes a combine harvester 25, a stubble killing device 1, a shallow loosening device 31, a fertilizing device 2, a rotary tillage and ditching device 3, a seeding device 4, and a detection device , The first drive device, the second drive device and the control device.
  • the combine harvester 25 is a rice combine harvester; the stubble removal device 1 is installed in front of the chassis of the combine harvester 25, and the stubble removal device 1 is respectively connected to the conveying trough 34 and the chassis of the combine harvester 25 ; The first driving device is used to drive the stubble killing device 1 to work.
  • the shallow loosening device 31, the fertilizing device 2, the rotary tilling and ditching device 3, and the seeding device 4 are sequentially installed on the frame 10 connected to the rear of the chassis; the second driving device is used to drive the fertilizing device 2, the rotary tilling and opening Ditch device 3 and seeding device 4 work.
  • the detection device is used to detect the moving displacement of the header 9 and transmit it to the control device; the control device is respectively connected with the operating rod 20, the detection device, the first drive device and the second drive device of the combine 25.
  • the first driving device includes a first hydraulic motor 5 and a first oil cylinder 7; the first hydraulic motor 5 drives the stubble culling device 1 to perform stubble culling work; One end of the first oil cylinder 7 is hinged to the stubble killing device 1, and the other end is hinged to the bottom of the conveying trough 34 of the combine harvester 25; the first hydraulic motor 5 and the first oil cylinder 7 are respectively connected to the control device through solenoid valves; The first oil cylinder 7 can axially expand and contract within a certain range.
  • the stubble killing device 1 is also hinged with one end of the support rod 6, and the other end of the support rod 6 is hinged with the chassis 8 of the combine harvester 25 to form a first hinge point 22.
  • the second driving device includes a second hydraulic motor 11 and a second oil cylinder 12; 32, the transmission box 32 is respectively connected with the transmission shafts of the fertilization device 2 and the rotary tillage and ditching device 3, and the second hydraulic motor 11 simultaneously drives the fertilization device 2 and the rotary tillage and ditching device 3 to work.
  • the driving force at the other end of the drive shaft drives the work of the planting device 4 through the chain 33;
  • the front end of the frame 10 is hinged with the chassis of the combine harvester 25 to form a second hinge point 23, the upper end of the frame 10 Articulated with one end of the second oil cylinder 12, and the other end of the second oil cylinder 12 is articulated with the outer frame of the combine 25;
  • the second hydraulic motor 11 and the second oil cylinder 12 are respectively connected to the control device through solenoid valves, so The second hydraulic motor 11 and the second oil cylinder 12 are controlled and driven by solenoid valves, and the second oil cylinder 12 can axially expand and contract within a certain range.
  • the Asamatsu device 31 includes a plurality of Asamatsu fertilizing shovel 26; the Asamatsu fertilizing shovel 26 is installed in the lower part of the frame 10, and the Asamatsu fertilizing shovel 26 Located in front of the fertilizer discharge pipe 27 of the fertilizing device 2.
  • the rotary tillage and ditching device 3 includes a coaxially driven rotary tiller 14 and a ditching knife 15; the ditching knife 15 is arranged in the middle of the rotary tillage and ditching device 3, The cultivating knife 14 is arranged on both sides of the ditching knife 15, and the turning diameter of the ditching knife 15 is larger than that of the rotary cultivating knife 14.
  • An earth retaining plate 30 is installed behind the rotary tiller knife 14, and there is no earth retaining plate 30 behind the ditching knife 15.
  • the seeding device 4 is connected to the seed opener 28 through a seeding pipe 29; the lower end opening of the seeding pipe 29 is located in the three-dimensional space formed on the back of the seed opener 28;
  • the installation positions of the loose fertilizer shovel 26 and the seed opener 28 relative to the frame 10 are not on the same straight line.
  • the detection device is a rope-type displacement sensor 16; the rope-type displacement sensor 16 is installed in the cylinder 18 that controls the lifting and lowering of the header of the combine harvester 25
  • the draw rope 24 of the draw rope displacement sensor 16 is connected to the bottom of the conveying groove 34.
  • the control device is connected to the operating rod 20 through a travel switch 17.
  • the draw rope 24 of the draw rope displacement sensor 16 When the header 9 moves from top to bottom to point A, the draw rope 24 of the draw rope displacement sensor 16 is shortened to point B, and the generated signal controls the solenoid valve to drive the first hydraulic motor 5 to start operation and the first oil cylinder 7
  • the shortest state begins to extend; when the header 9 is adjusted up and down between point A and point A', the rope 24 of the rope-type displacement sensor 16 moves between point B and point B', resulting in
  • the signal control solenoid valve drives the first oil cylinder 7 to extend or shorten to ensure that the height of the stubble killing device 1 relative to the ground remains unchanged; when the header 9 moves from bottom to top to point A, the rope-drawing displacement
  • the pull cord 24 of the sensor 16 extends to point B, and the generated signal controls the solenoid valve to drive the first hydraulic motor 5 to stop running and the first oil cylinder 7 to start shortening to the shortest length.
  • the limit switch 17 is installed on an operating rod 20 that controls power connection and disconnection such as threshing and cleaning.
  • the operating rod 20 When the operating rod 20 is pushed down, the power connection such as threshing and cleaning starts to work, the stroke switch 17 is turned on, and the second oil cylinder 12 is driven to extend to the longest first through the solenoid valve control, and then the second hydraulic motor 11 starts to operate;
  • the operating rod 20 is pulled up, the power interruption such as threshing and cleaning stops working, the stroke switch 17 is turned off, and the second hydraulic motor 11 is controlled by the solenoid valve to stop first, and then the second oil cylinder 12 is retracted to the shortest.
  • the first hydraulic motor 5 runs to drive the stubble cutter 21 of the stubble killing device 1 to work, the first cylinder 7 extends to the longest, and the header 9 descends and the first cylinder 7 extends During the process, the stubble killing device 1 rotates counterclockwise around the first hinge point 22; the A point and A'point are the highest and lowest points where the header 9 can work normally.
  • the rice ears cut by the combine harvester cutter flow into the cutting platform 9, and the remaining high stalks are cut into low stalks by the stubble culling device 1.
  • the ears of rice are threshed and cleaned, and the rest of the stalks are broken by the grass cutter 13 and thrown to the field, covering the rape seeds that have just been sown.
  • the Asamatsu fertilizing shovel 26 performs shallow loosening operations on the stubble seed bed belt.
  • the fertilizer discharged from the fertilizing device 2 is transported to the back of the Asamatsu fertilizing shovel 26 through the fertilizer pipe 27. As the machine advances, the fertilizer is deeply buried in the soil. middle.
  • the rotary tillage and trenching device 3 at the back performs rotary tillage on the surface of the seed bed and trenching in the middle.
  • the soil thrown up during the rotary tillage is covered by the retaining plate 30, and when the trenching knife 15 opens the trench The thrown soil covered the flour stalks.
  • the seed trencher 28 performs seed trenching operation on the surface of the seed bed after rotary tillage.
  • the rape seeds discharged from the rape seeding device 4 are transported to the inside of the seed trencher 28 through the seeding pipe 29, and then the stalks are crushed. The stalks and the soil thrown out when the furrow is opened cover the bottom.
  • the operator controls the header 9 to rise above point A, the first hydraulic motor 5 stops running, and the stubble cutter 21 stops working.
  • the first oil cylinder 7 is retracted to its shortest length.
  • the stubble killing device 1 rotates clockwise around the first hinge point 22; pull up the operating lever 20 to stop the second hydraulic motor 11 first Operation, stop the fertilization device 2, the rotary tillage ditching device 3, and the rape seeding device 4, and then shrink the second cylinder 12 to its shortest length.
  • the frame 10 moves around the second hinge point. 23 Rotate counterclockwise.
  • Embodiment 2 differs from Embodiment 1 in that the combine harvester 25 is a wheat combine harvester.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Lifting Devices For Agricultural Implements (AREA)

Abstract

一种收割播种一体化复式作业机，包括联合收获机（25）、灭茬装置（1）、浅松装置（31）、施肥装置（2）、旋耕开沟装置（3）、油菜播种装置（4）、检测装置、第一驱动装置、第二驱动装置和控制装置，灭茬装置（1）安装在联合收获机（25）的割台下面，浅松装置（31）、施肥装置（2）、旋耕开沟装置（3）、油菜播种装置（4）后置安装在联合收获机（25）底盘的尾部。

Description

一种收割播种一体化复式作业机 技术领域
本发明属于农业机械技术领域，尤其涉及一种收割播种一体化复式作业机。
背景技术
我国的冬油菜产区大多分布在长江流域，占总产的90％以上，主要以稻-油或稻-稻-油水旱轮作为主。长期以来，该区域播种受前茬作物收获农时、土壤黏重板结和分散田块等影响，油菜机械化水平低下进而导致生产成本高、效益低，制约了油菜产业的发展。提高我国油菜机械化播种水平是油菜种植节本增效的重要途径。
水稻一般在9～10月份成熟，恰恰与油菜的播种期重合，人们可以收割完水稻之后接着在田里种油菜。但是现有的油菜复式作业机械往往与拖拉机挂接，例如中国专利ZL200920066064.6，多功能油菜播种机，在联合收获机收获结束后，需要拖拉机带着油菜复式作业机械再次下地，完成油菜的施肥、旋耕、开沟、播种等作业，增加了农业机械的轧地次数，加强了土壤板结的程度，同时也增加了作业成本。因此，需要设计一种挂接联合收获机的油菜复式作业机，一次性完成水稻的收获和油菜的播种作业。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供一种收割播种一体化复式作业机，用于轻简化作业模式，灭茬装置安装在联合收获机的输送槽下面，浅松装置、施肥装置、旋耕开沟装置、油菜播种装置后置安装在联合收获机底盘的尾部，本发明在联合收获机正常作业的前提下，不增加机手操作的复杂性，不影响联合收获机的正常操作，可以在收获水稻的同时一次性完成灭茬、浅松、施肥、旋耕、开沟、油菜播种、碎草抛洒、土壤埋覆等作业，从而实现减少农业机械的轧地次数、减缓土壤板结程度和节约作业成本。
本发明的技术方案是：一种收割播种一体化复式作业机，包括联合收获机、灭茬装置、浅松装置、施肥装置、旋耕开沟装置、播种装置、检测装置、第一驱动装置、第二驱动装置和控制装置；所述灭茬装置安装在联合收获机的底盘前方，灭茬装置分别与联合收获机的输送槽和底盘连接；所述浅松装置、施肥装置、旋耕开沟装置和播种装置依次安装在与底盘后方连接的机架上；所述检测装置用于检测割台的移动位移，并传递给控制装置；所述第一驱动装置用于驱动灭茬装置工作；所述第二驱动装置用于驱动施肥装置、旋耕开沟装置和播种装置的工作；所述控制装置分别与联合收获机的操作杆、检测装置、第一驱动装置和第二驱 动装置连接。
上述方案中，所述第一驱动装置包括第一液压马达和第一油缸；所述第一液压马达驱动灭茬装置进行灭茬工作；所述第一油缸的一端与灭茬装置铰接，另一端与联合收获机的输送槽底部铰接；所述灭茬装置还与撑杆的一端铰接，撑杆的另一端与联合收获机的底盘铰接。
上述方案中，所述第二驱动装置包括第二液压马达和第二油缸；所述第二液压马达安装在机架一侧的传动箱上，传动箱分别与施肥装置和旋耕开沟装置的传动轴连接，第二液压马达驱动所述施肥装置和旋耕开沟装置进行工作，所述施肥装置的驱动力在其传动轴的另一端传递到播种装置，驱动播种装置工作；所述机架的前端与联合收获机的底盘铰接，机架的上端与第二油缸的一端铰接，所述第二油缸的另一端与联合收获机铰接。
上述方案中，所述浅松装置包括若干浅松施肥铲；所述浅松施肥铲安装在机架的下部、且浅松施肥铲位于施肥装置的排肥管前面。
上述方案中，所述旋耕开沟装置包括旋耕刀和开沟刀；所述开沟刀布置在所述旋耕开沟装置的中间，旋耕刀布置在开沟刀的两侧，开沟刀的回转直径大于旋耕刀；所述旋耕刀的后面设有挡土板，所述开沟刀后面不设挡土板。
上述方案中，所述联合收获机设有碎草机。
上述方案中，还包括开种沟器和排种管；所述开种沟器安装在机架的下部、且位于播种装置的下方；所述排种管的上端与播种装置连接，下端位于开种沟器背面。
上述方案中，所述检测装置为拉绳式位移传感器；所述拉绳式位移传感器安装在控制联合收获机的割台升降的油缸的底座上，拉绳式位移传感器的拉绳与输送槽的底部连接。
上述方案中，所述控制装置通过行程开关与操作杆连接。
上述方案中，所述联合收获机为水稻联合收获机或小麦联合收获机。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
1.本发明通过挂接的形式固定安装在联合收获机的底盘上，其中灭茬装置安装在联合收获机的输送槽下面，通过检测装置与联合收获机关联运动，浅松装置、施肥装置、旋耕开沟装置、油菜播种装置后置安装在联合收获机底盘的尾部，通过行程开关控制与联合收获机关联运动。本发明能达到一次性完成水稻收获、灭茬和油菜的浅松施肥、旋耕、开沟、播种、碎草抛洒、土壤埋覆等作业的效果，同时减少了农业机械的轧地次数，减缓了土壤板结的程度，节约了作业成本。
2.本发明通过检测装置、控制装置等控制的设计实现与联合收获机的联动，没有增加机手操作的复杂性，不影响联合收获机的正常操作。
3.本发明通过与联合收获机上的碎草机结合，粉碎后的茎秆抛洒至田间，覆盖在油菜种 子上面，可以起到蓄水保墒的作用，更有利于油菜的生长。
附图说明
图1为本发明一实施方式的所述的一种收割播种一体化复式作业机正常工作时的状态图；
图2为本发明一实施方式的所述的用于一种收割播种一体化复式作业机停止工作时的状态图；
图3为本发明一实施方式的所述的一种收割播种一体化复式作业机的俯视图；
图4为本发明一实施方式的所述的一种收割播种一体化复式作业机的左视图；
图5为本发明一实施方式的所述的灭茬装置与联合收获机联动的工作原理图；
图6为本发明一实施方式的所述的浅松、施肥、旋耕开沟和油菜播种装置与联合收获机联动的工作原理图；
图7为本发明一实施方式的所述的一种收割播种一体化复式作业机的工作流程图。
图中：1-灭茬装置；2-施肥装置；3-旋耕开沟装置；4-油菜播种装置；5-第一液压马达；6-撑杆；7-第一油缸；8-底盘；9-割台；10-机架；11-第二液压马达；12-第二油缸；13-碎草机；14-旋耕刀；15-开沟刀；16-拉绳式位移传感器；17-行程开关；18-油缸；19-底座；20-操作杆；21-灭茬刀；22-第一铰接点；23-第二铰接点；24-拉绳；25-联合收获机；26-浅松施肥铲；27-排肥管；28-开种沟器；29-排种管；30-挡土板；31-浅松装置；32-传动箱；33-链条；34-输送槽。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“长度”、“宽度”、“厚度”、“上”、“下”、“轴向”、“径向”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
在本发明中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”、“固 定”等术语应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
实施例1
如图1-6所示，一种收割播种一体化复式作业机，包括联合收获机25、灭茬装置1、浅松装置31、施肥装置2、旋耕开沟装置3、播种装置4、检测装置、第一驱动装置、第二驱动装置和控制装置。
根据本实施例优选的，所述联合收获机25为水稻联合收获机；所述灭茬装置1安装在联合收获机25的底盘前方，灭茬装置1分别与联合收获机25的输送槽34和底盘连接；所述第一驱动装置用于驱动灭茬装置1工作。
所述浅松装置31、施肥装置2、旋耕开沟装置3和播种装置4依次安装在与底盘后方连接的机架10上；所述第二驱动装置用于驱动施肥装置2、旋耕开沟装置3和播种装置4的工作。
所述检测装置用于检测割台9的移动位移，并传递给控制装置；所述控制装置分别与联合收获机25的操作杆20、检测装置、第一驱动装置和第二驱动装置连接。
如图1和图5所示，根据本实施例优选的，所述第一驱动装置包括第一液压马达5和第一油缸7；所述第一液压马达5驱动灭茬装置1进行灭茬工作；所述第一油缸7的一端与灭茬装置1铰接，另一端与联合收获机25的输送槽34底部铰接；所述第一液压马达5和第一油缸7分别通过电磁阀与控制装置连接；所述第一油缸7可在一定范围内轴向伸缩。所述灭茬装置1还与撑杆6的一端铰接，撑杆6的另一端与联合收获机25的底盘8铰接形成第一铰接点22。
如图1至4所示，根据本实施例优选的，所述第二驱动装置包括第二液压马达11和第二油缸12；所述第二液压马达11安装在机架10一侧的传动箱32上，传动箱32分别与施肥装置2和旋耕开沟装置3的传动轴连接，第二液压马达11同时驱动所述施肥装置2和旋耕开沟装置3进行工作，所述施肥装置2的驱动力在其传动轴的另一端通过链条33驱动所述播种装置4的工作；所述机架10的前端与联合收获机25的底盘铰接，形成第二铰接点23，机架10的上端与第二油缸12的一端铰接，所述第二油缸12的另一端与联合收获机25的外框架铰接；所述第二液压马达11和第二油缸12分别通过电磁阀与控制装置连接，所述第二液压马达11和第二油缸12由电磁阀控制驱动，所述第二油缸12可在一定范围内轴向伸缩。
如图3和4所示，根据本实施例优选的，所述浅松装置31包括若干浅松施肥铲26；所 述浅松施肥铲26安装在机架10的下部、且浅松施肥铲26位于施肥装置2的排肥管27前面。
根据本实施例优选的，所述旋耕开沟装置3包括同轴驱动的旋耕刀14和开沟刀15；所述开沟刀15布置在所述旋耕开沟装置3的中间，旋耕刀14布置在开沟刀15的两侧，开沟刀15的回转直径大于旋耕刀14。所述旋耕刀14的后面安装有挡土板30，所述开沟刀15后面没有挡土板30。
根据本实施例优选的，所述播种装置4通过排种管29与开种沟器28连接；所述排种管29的下端开口位于开种沟器28背面形成的三围空间内；所述浅松施肥铲26与所述开种沟器28相对机架10的安装位置不在同一直线上。
如图5和6所示，根据本实施例优选的，所述检测装置为拉绳式位移传感器16；所述拉绳式位移传感器16安装在控制联合收获机25的割台升降的油缸18的底座19上，拉绳式位移传感器16的拉绳24与输送槽34的底部连接。根据本实施例优选的，所述控制装置通过行程开关17与操作杆20连接。当所述割台9从A点下降到A＇点时，所述拉绳式位移传感器16的拉绳24从B点运动到B＇点。所述A点和A＇点分别是割台9能够正常工作的最高点和最低点。当割台9从上往下运动到A点，所述拉绳式位移传感器16的拉绳24缩短到B点，产生的信号控制电磁阀驱动第一液压马达5开始运转和第一油缸7由最短状态开始伸长；当所述割台9在A点和A＇点之间上下调整时，所述拉绳式位移传感器16的拉绳24在B点和B＇点之间运动，产生的信号控制电磁阀驱动所述第一油缸7伸长或缩短，以确保所述灭茬装置1相对地面的高度保持不变；当割台9从下往上运动到A点，所述拉绳式位移传感器16的拉绳24伸长到B点，产生的信号控制电磁阀驱动第一液压马达5停止运转和第一油缸7开始缩短至最短。所述行程开关17安装在控制脱粒清选等动力连接与断开的操作杆20上。当所述操作杆20被推倒，脱粒清选等动力连接开始工作，行程开关17打开，通过电磁阀控制驱动第二油缸12先伸到最长，第二液压马达11再开始运转；当所述操作杆20被拉起，脱粒清选等动力中断停止工作，行程开关17断开，通过电磁阀控制第二液压马达11先停止运转，然后第二油缸12再缩到最短。
本发明的工作原理如图7所示：
当所述割台9下降到A点以下，第一液压马达5运转，驱动灭茬装置1的灭茬刀21工作，第一油缸7伸到最长，在割台9下降和第一油缸7伸长的过程中，灭茬装置1绕第一铰接点22逆时针旋转；所述A点和A＇点分别是所述割台9能够正常工作的最高点和最低点，当所述割台9在A点和A＇点之间上下调整时，所述拉绳式位移传感器16的拉绳24在B点和B＇点之间运动，产生的信号控制电磁阀驱动所述第一油缸7伸长或缩短，以确保所述灭茬装置1相对地面的高度保持不变；推倒操作杆20，让第二油缸12先伸到最长，然后第二 液压马达11再开始运转，驱动施肥装置2、旋耕开沟装置3和油菜播种装置4工作，在第二油缸12伸长的过程中，机架10绕第二铰接点23顺时针旋转至水平。
当所述联合收获机25在田间正常行驶时，被联合收获机切割器割断的稻穗流入割台9内，剩下的高茎秆被灭茬装置1切割成低茎秆。稻穗经过脱粒清选，其余茎秆被碎草机13打碎抛洒至田间，覆盖在刚刚播下的油菜种子上面。浅松施肥铲26对灭茬后的种床带进行浅松作业，由施肥装置2排出的肥料经过排肥管27输送到浅松施肥铲26后面，随着机具的前进，肥料被深埋在土壤中。紧接着，后面的旋耕开沟装置3对种床厢面进行旋耕和在中间开畦沟作业，旋耕时抛起的土被挡土板30遮住，开沟刀15开畦沟时抛出的土壤覆盖在粉粹的茎秆上面。最后，开种沟器28对旋耕后的种床厢面进行开种沟作业，由油菜播种装置4排出的油菜种子经过排种管29输送到开种沟器28内部，然后被粉碎的茎秆和开畦沟时抛出的土壤覆盖在下面。
当联合收获机25行驶到田间地头遇到田埂、转弯或粮箱已满需要卸粮时，机手控制割台9上升到A点以上，第一液压马达5停止运转，灭茬刀21停止工作，第一油缸7缩到最短，在割台9上升和第一油缸7缩短的过程中，灭茬装置1绕第一铰接点22顺时针旋转；拉起操作杆20，让第二液压马达11先停止运转，使施肥装置2、旋耕开沟装置3和油菜播种装置4停止工作，然后再让第二油缸12缩到最短，在第二油缸12缩短的过程中，机架10绕第二铰接点23逆时针旋转。
实施例2
本实施例2与实施例1的主要区别在于，所述联合收获机25为小麦联合收获机。
应当理解，虽然本说明书是按照各个实施例描述的，但并非每个实施例仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
上文所列出的一系列的详细说明仅仅是针对本发明的可行性实施例的具体说明，它们并非用以限制本发明的保护范围，凡未脱离本发明技艺精神所作的等效实施例或变更均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种收割播种一体化复式作业机，其特征在于，包括联合收获机(25)、灭茬装置(1)、浅松装置(31)、施肥装置(2)、旋耕开沟装置(3)、播种装置(4)、检测装置、第一驱动装置、第二驱动装置和控制装置；所述灭茬装置(1)安装在联合收获机(25)的底盘前方，灭茬装置(1)分别与联合收获机(25)的输送槽(34)和底盘连接；所述浅松装置(31)、施肥装置(2)、旋耕开沟装置(3)和播种装置(4)依次安装在与底盘后方连接的机架(10)上；所述检测装置用于检测割台(9)的移动位移，并传递给控制装置；所述第一驱动装置用于驱动灭茬装置(1)工作；所述第二驱动装置用于驱动施肥装置(2)、旋耕开沟装置(3)和播种装置(4)的工作；所述控制装置分别与联合收获机(25)的操作杆(20)、检测装置、第一驱动装置和第二驱动装置连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的收割播种一体化复式作业机，其特征在于，所述第一驱动装置包括第一液压马达(5)和第一油缸(7)；所述第一液压马达(5)驱动灭茬装置(1)进行灭茬工作；所述第一油缸(7)的一端与灭茬装置(1)铰接，另一端与联合收获机(25)的输送槽(34)底部铰接；所述灭茬装置(1)还与撑杆(6)的一端铰接，撑杆(6)的另一端与联合收获机(25)的底盘(8)铰接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的收割播种一体化复式作业机，其特征在于，所述第二驱动装置包括第二液压马达(11)和第二油缸(12)；所述第二液压马达(11)安装在机架(10)一侧的传动箱(32)上，传动箱(32)分别与施肥装置(2)和旋耕开沟装置(3)的传动轴连接，第二液压马达(11)驱动所述施肥装置(2)和旋耕开沟装置(3)进行工作，所述施肥装置(2)的驱动力在其传动轴的另一端传递到播种装置(4)，驱动播种装置(4)工作；所述机架(10)的前端与联合收获机(25)的底盘铰接，机架(10)的上端与第二油缸(12)的一端铰接，所述第二油缸(12)的另一端与联合收获机(25)铰接。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的收割播种一体化复式作业机，其特征在于，所述浅松装置(31)包括若干浅松施肥铲(26)；所述浅松施肥铲(26)安装在机架(10)的下部、且浅松施肥铲(26)位于施肥装置(2)的排肥管(27)前面。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的收割播种一体化复式作业机，其特征在于，所述旋耕开沟装置(3)包括旋耕刀(14)和开沟刀(15)；所述开沟刀(15)布置在所述旋耕开沟装置(3)的中间，旋耕刀(14)布置在开沟刀(15)的两侧，开沟刀(15)的回转直径大于旋耕刀(14)；所述旋耕刀(14)的后面设有挡土板(30)，所述开沟刀(15)后面不设挡土板(30)。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的收割播种一体化复式作业机，其特征在于，所述联合收获机(25)设有碎草机(13)。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的收割播种一体化复式作业机，其特征在于，还包括开种沟器(28) 和排种管(29)；所述开种沟器(28)安装在机架(10)的下部、且位于播种装置(4)的下方；所述排种管(29)的上端与播种装置(4)连接，下端位于开种沟器(28)背面。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的收割播种一体化复式作业机，其特征在于，所述检测装置为拉绳式位移传感器(16)；所述拉绳式位移传感器(16)安装在控制联合收获机(25)的割台(9)升降的油缸(18)的底座(19)上，拉绳式位移传感器(16)的拉绳(24)与输送槽(34)的底部连接。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的收割播种一体化复式作业机，其特征在于，所述控制装置通过行程开关(17)与操作杆(20)连接。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的收割播种一体化复式作业机，其特征在于，所述联合收获机(25)为水稻联合收获机或小麦联合收获机。
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