WO2021254236A1 - 一种桥梁梁部结构更换施工方法 - Google Patents

一种桥梁梁部结构更换施工方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021254236A1
WO2021254236A1 PCT/CN2021/099319 CN2021099319W WO2021254236A1 WO 2021254236 A1 WO2021254236 A1 WO 2021254236A1 CN 2021099319 W CN2021099319 W CN 2021099319W WO 2021254236 A1 WO2021254236 A1 WO 2021254236A1
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Prior art keywords
bridge
beam body
fixing member
slide
construction method
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PCT/CN2021/099319
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
郭子煜
徐升桥
沈平
高静青
冯祁
尹斌
余鹏
陈进昌
蒋泽军
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中铁工程设计咨询集团有限公司
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Publication of WO2021254236A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021254236A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D22/00—Methods or apparatus for repairing or strengthening existing bridges ; Methods or apparatus for dismantling bridges
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
    • Y02A10/30—Flood prevention; Flood or storm water management, e.g. using flood barriers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of bridge construction, in particular to a construction method for replacing the structure of a bridge beam.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a construction method for replacing the structure of a bridge beam to improve the above-mentioned problems.
  • the technical solutions adopted by the present invention are as follows:
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a construction method for replacing the structure of a bridge beam.
  • the method includes: respectively setting an assembly platform and a beam removal platform under the two ends of the bridge beam body to be replaced, and placing the assembly platform and the beam removal platform above the The first beam is removed; the remaining multiple first beams are separated from the bridge pier, and the multiple first beams are connected in sequence through the second connecting piece; the second beam is transported to the assembling platform, through the first connection
  • the first beam body is connected with the second beam body; drag the first beam body to the side of the beam dismantling platform on the side of the beam dismantling platform, when the single first beam body is all dragged to the beam dismantling platform ,
  • the first beam is removed; the second beam is transported to the assembly platform at the same time, and the two second beams are connected by the third connecting piece; the above actions are repeated until the first beam is completely
  • the second beam is replaced.
  • the first beam body is an old beam
  • the second beam body is a new beam.
  • the step of separating the remaining plurality of first beam bodies from the bridge piers, and connecting the plurality of first beam bodies in sequence through a second connecting member further includes: sequentially connecting the first beam bodies to the bridge piers
  • the track and the slideway beam are set; the top of the track is fixedly connected with the bottom of the first beam body, the bottom of the slideway beam is fixedly connected with the bridge pier, and the bottom of the track is in contact with the top of the slideway beam.
  • the chute beam is arranged above the cushion stone, and the bottom of the chute beam is connected to the embedded part of the bridge pier through a sixth connecting piece, and there are two sixth connecting pieces.
  • the connecting pieces are respectively arranged on both sides of the cushion stone; a buffer layer is arranged between the slide beam and the cushion stone.
  • the top of the slide rail beam is provided with an assisting slide plate, and the bottom of the track is provided with a stainless steel plate.
  • the step of separating the remaining plurality of first beam bodies from the bridge piers, and connecting the plurality of first beam bodies in sequence through a second connecting member further includes: separately disposing the first beam bodies on both sides of the first beam bodies.
  • the lateral limit mechanism, the bottom of the lateral limit mechanism is fixedly arranged on the top of the bridge pier, and the lateral limit mechanism is in contact with the first beam body.
  • the lateral limiting mechanism includes a first fixing member, and the bottom of the first fixing member is connected to the top of the bridge pier through a fixing seat; a groove is provided in the first fixing member, and a second fixing member is provided in the groove. One end of the second fixing member is arranged in the groove, and the other end is arranged outside the groove. The end of the second fixing member arranged outside the groove is connected to the third fixing member.
  • the roller is rotatably arranged in the third fixing part through the second pin shaft, one end of the roller is arranged outside the third fixing part, and the roller is connected to the side wall of the first beam body or the second beam body get in touch with.
  • a screw sleeve is further provided in the first fixing member, and a screw is provided in the screw sleeve, and the screw is threadedly connected with the screw sleeve.
  • the nut is arranged on the outer side of the first fixing part; the first fixing part is provided with a through hole for the screw to pass through.
  • the transporting the second beam body to the assembling platform and connecting the first beam body and the second beam body through the first connecting member further includes: setting a rail under the second beam body, and A slide rail beam is arranged on the assembling platform, and the track is in contact with the slide rail beam.
  • the first beam body is connected to the first connecting piece through a fifth connecting piece; the second beam body is connected to the first connecting piece through a fourth connecting piece; the first connecting piece is close to the first beam
  • the cross section of one side of the body is the same as the cross section of the first beam body; the cross section of the side of the first connecting member close to the second beam body is the same as the cross section of the second beam body;
  • One side is arranged on the surface of the second beam body, and the other side is arranged on the surface of the first connecting piece.
  • the inner surface and the outer surface of the second beam body are both provided with a fourth connecting piece, which will be arranged in the second beam body by bolts.
  • the fourth connecting piece on the surface and the outer surface is connected, thereby realizing the connection between the second beam body and the first connecting piece; one side of the fifth connecting piece is welded to the first beam body, and the other side is connected to the first connecting piece Welding, so as to realize the connection between the first beam body and the first connecting piece.
  • the dragging the first beam body on one side of the beam removing platform to one side of the beam removing platform further includes: continuously brushing lubricating oil on the bottom of the track during the dragging process.
  • the old beam is used as the guide beam for the construction channel and the new beam; the removal of the old beam and the installation of the new beam run through the entire dragging process, thereby reducing the temporary beam storage site; effectively shortening the construction period and reducing the cost through uninterrupted continuous dragging; Water engineering is conducive to flood discharge and environmental protection requirements.
  • the invention is suitable for the replacement of existing long and large steel bridge parts of highways and railways, and can be popularized in existing steel bridge reconstruction projects.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the construction method for replacing the structure of the bridge beam part in the embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first connecting member in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of the first beam body in the embodiment of the present invention when it moves;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of the second beam in the embodiment of the present invention when it moves;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of the installation position of the lateral limit mechanism in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the slideway beam structure in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of the lateral limit mechanism in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of another lateral limit mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • this embodiment provides a construction method for replacing a bridge girder structure.
  • the method includes step S10, step S20, step S30, step S40, and step S50.
  • Step S10 The assembly platform 3 and the beam removal platform 4 are respectively set below the two ends of the bridge beam body to be replaced, and the first beam body 1 above the assembly platform 3 and the beam removal platform 4 is removed;
  • Both the assembling platform 3 and the beam dismantling platform 4 are supported by a support frame 6, which may be a steel pipe.
  • the assembling platform 3 and the beam dismantling platform 4 are both set on the arid areas on both sides of the river and connected with roads for convenient transportation.
  • Step S20 Separate the remaining plurality of first beam bodies 1 from the bridge pier 5, and connect the plurality of first beam bodies 1 in sequence through a second connecting member; the first beam body 1 is a steel truss beam, and the second connecting member is The two ends of the steel plate are respectively welded to two adjacent first beam bodies 1, so as to realize the connection of the two adjacent first beam bodies 1, and by welding, the two adjacent first beam bodies The connection of 1 is more stable.
  • Step S30 Transport the second beam body 2 to the assembling platform 3, and connect the first beam body 1 and the second beam body 2 through the first connecting piece 7; the first beam body 1 is the old beam to be replaced, and the second beam body 1 is the old beam to be replaced.
  • the beam body 2 is a new beam to be replaced.
  • a first connecting member 7 is required to connect the first beam body 1 and the second beam body 2 .
  • Step S40 Drag the first beam 1 to the side of the beam dismantling platform 4 on one side of the beam dismantling platform 4.
  • the first beam The body 1 is removed; the second second beam body 2 is transported to the assembling platform 3 at the same time, and the two second beam bodies 2 are connected by a third connecting piece; the second beam body 2 is a steel box beam, and the third connecting piece It is a steel plate with threaded holes.
  • the third connecting piece is set at the connection of the two second beams 2.
  • the center line of the third connecting piece coincides with the connection of the two adjacent second beams 2.
  • the parts are correspondingly arranged on the outside and inside of the second beam body 2, and the bolts are passed through the threaded holes of the outer third connecting part, the second beam body 2 and the threaded holes of the inner third connecting part in order to realize the The third connecting member is connected, thereby connecting two adjacent second beams 2.
  • Step S50 Repeat the action of step S40 until the first beam body 1 is completely replaced by the second beam body 2.
  • step S20 may also include step S201.
  • Step S201 A track 12 and a slide beam 13 are sequentially arranged between the first beam body 1 and the bridge pier 5; the top of the track 12 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the first beam body 1, and the bottom of the slide beam 13 is connected to the bridge pier 5. It is fixedly connected, and the bottom of the rail 12 is in contact with the top of the slide beam 13.
  • the first beam 1 is lifted by a lifting machine.
  • a rail 12 is installed on the bottom of the first beam 1, and a sliding block is installed on the top of the pier 5.
  • the first bridge body 1 is placed on the slide beam 13.
  • the rail 12 and the slide beam 13 are both parallel to the dragging direction of the first beam body 1 and the second beam body 2.
  • the rail 12 slides on the slide beam 13.
  • the chute beam 13 is arranged above the cushion stone 11, and the bottom of the chute beam 13 is connected to the embedded part 19 of the bridge pier 5 through the sixth connection member 18, and the sixth connection
  • the sixth connecting members 18 are respectively arranged on both sides of the cushion stone 11, which can effectively prevent the slide beam 13 from moving in the dragging direction during the construction process, and play a role of limiting the position.
  • the slide beam 13 and the two sixth connecting members 18 can just form a " ⁇ "-shaped structure.
  • the sixth connecting member 18 may be steel pipe, steel plate or other similar rigid materials.
  • the buffer layer 20 can be rubber, and the thickness of the buffer layer 20 can be 20mm.
  • the slide beam 13 will be deformed, which will affect the cushion stone 11
  • the top causes damage, and the buffer layer 20 can buffer the pressure of the slide beam 13 on the cushion stone 11 due to deformation, and protect the cushion stone 11 from being damaged.
  • an auxiliary slide plate 17 is provided on the top of the slide beam 13 and a stainless steel plate is provided on the bottom of the rail 12.
  • the assist slide plate 17 is an MGE board with a thickness of 20mm. The MGE board can effectively reduce the friction between the rail 12 and the slide beam 13, making it easier to drag.
  • step S20 may also include step S202.
  • Step S202 A lateral limit mechanism 10 is provided on both sides of the first beam body 1, the bottom of the lateral limit mechanism 10 is fixedly arranged on the top of the pier 5, and the lateral limit mechanism 10 is in contact with the first beam body 1.
  • the lateral limit mechanism 10 can prevent the first beam body 1 and the second beam body 2 from moving laterally to the left and right during the dragging process, so as to ensure the safety of the construction process.
  • the lateral limiting mechanism 10 includes a first fixing member 14, and the bottom of the first fixing member 14 is connected to the top of the pier 5 through a fixing seat 25; the first fixing A groove is provided in the member 14, and a second fixing member 15 is arranged in the groove. One end of the second fixing member 15 is arranged in the groove and the other end is arranged outside the groove. The end outside the groove is connected to the third fixing member 16.
  • the third fixing member 16 is provided with a horizontal roller 24, and the roller 24 is rotatably arranged in the third fixing member 16 through a second pin 23. One end is arranged outside the third fixing member 16, and the roller 24 is in contact with the side wall of the first beam body 1 or the second beam body 2.
  • first adjust the position of the roller 24 According to the distance between the roller 24 and the side wall of the first beam 1 or the second beam 2, add a pad 21 and the length of the pad 21 at the bottom of the groove. The distance between the roller 24 and the side wall of the first beam body 1 or the second beam body 2 is equal.
  • a screw sleeve 27 is further provided in the first fixing member 14, and a screw 26 is provided in the screw sleeve 27.
  • the screw 26 is threadedly connected to the screw sleeve 27, and one end of the screw 26 In contact with the second fixing member 15, a nut 28 is provided at the other end, and the nut 28 is provided on the outside of the first fixing member 14; the first fixing member 14 is provided with a through hole through which the screw 26 passes hole.
  • step S30 may also include step S301.
  • Step S301 A rail 12 is provided below the second beam body 2, as shown in FIG. 4, a slide rail beam 13 is provided on the assembly platform 3, and the rail 12 contacts the slide rail beam 13.
  • the second beam body 2 slides on the slide beam 13 on the assembling platform 3. Since the width of the first beam body 1 and the second beam body 2 may be different, when the first second beam body 2 moves to the first pier 5 supporting the original first beam body 1, according to the second beam body 2 Adjust the position of the lateral limit mechanism 10 and the position of the slide beam 13 to adapt to the width of the second beam body 2 so as to continue the drag construction.
  • the first beam body 1 is connected to the first connecting member 7 through a fifth connecting member 9;
  • the second beam body 2 is connected to the first connecting member 7 through a fourth connecting member 8;
  • the cross section of the connecting piece 7 on the side close to the first beam body 1 is the same as the cross section of the first beam body 1;
  • the cross section is the same;
  • one side of the fourth connecting member 8 is arranged on the surface of the second beam body 2, and the other side is arranged on the surface of the first connecting member 7, and the inner surface and the outer surface of the second beam body 2 are both
  • a fourth connecting member 8 is provided, and the fourth connecting member 8 arranged on the inner surface and the outer surface of the second beam body 2 is connected by bolts, so as to realize the connection between the second beam body 2 and the first connecting member 7;
  • One side of the fifth connecting piece 9 is welded to the first beam body 1, and the other side is welded to the first connecting piece 7, so that the first beam body 1 and the first connecting piece 7 are connected.
  • the fourth connecting piece 8 may
  • step S40 may also include step S401.
  • Step S401 During the dragging process, the lubricating oil is continuously brushed on the bottom of the track 12. Brushing lubricating oil can reduce the friction between the rail 12 and the slide beam 13, so that the dragging is more labor-saving and safer.
  • the invention proposes a construction method, which temporarily consolidates the old beams and mutually consolidates the new and old beams.
  • the old beams are used as the guide beams of the new beams, and the guide beams for dragging are no longer separately provided, which saves the amount of steel used.
  • the old beams are removed and the new beams are assembled, so that the dragging construction and the removal of the old beams and the assembling of the new beams can be constructed simultaneously. This does not require wading projects and can reduce the cost and shorten the construction period.
  • there is no cantilever end of the guide beam during the construction process and there is no working condition of the guide beam on the pier during the dragging process, so as to reduce the construction difficulty.
  • the transition section that is, the first connecting piece 7 is arranged between the new and old beams, to ensure the reliable connection between the old beam and the new beam.
  • the continuous and usual beam bottom slide beam 13 is arranged at the bottom of the old beam to ensure smooth sliding between the beam body and the pier 5 and reduce the horizontal force on the top of the pier.
  • An adjustable lateral limit structure 10 is provided on the top of the pier to ensure that the beam is in a straight line during the drag process.
  • the present invention makes full use of the existing steel beam as the construction channel, and when the top hat is modified, beam lifting equipment, pouring materials, etc. can be transported through the existing old beam, and at the same time, it can be passed by the construction personnel.
  • One end of the bridge removes the old beam and the other section is assembled with new beams. This avoids centralized removal of old beams and assembling new beams, which can effectively reduce the area of temporary beam yards.
  • auxiliary installation construction can be carried out on the new beam bridge deck, which can shorten the construction period.

Abstract

本发明涉及桥梁施工技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种桥梁梁部结构更换施工方法。本发明通过将旧梁兼做施工通道及新梁的导梁；拆除旧梁和安装新梁贯穿整个拖拉过程，减小临时存梁场地；通过不间断连续拖拉有效缩短工期、降低成本；没有涉水工程，有利于行洪和环保要求。本发明适用于公路、铁路既有长大钢桥梁部的更换，可以在既有线钢桥改造工程中推广。

Description

一种桥梁梁部结构更换施工方法 技术领域
本发明涉及桥梁施工技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种桥梁梁部结构更换施工方法。
背景技术
随着服役时间的增加，建成多年的铁路或公路钢桥存在大量病害，严重影响行车安全。特别是建在大江大河上的多联大跨钢桥，由于桥位资源紧张，对既有桥梁改造加固成为必然的且最具性价比的选择。此类桥梁通常采用更换梁体的方法对既有桥进行改造，同时新旧梁梁高梁宽不尽相同，故还需对桥墩顶帽进行改造。
更换梁体最简便常用的施工方法为在桥下架设施工便道整体拆除梁部后改造桥墩顶帽，之后架设新梁，完成改造。此方案施工速度快，但需要在河道上搭设栈桥，临时施工措施费用高，且影响行洪，河道主管部门的审批难度大。因此提出一种不需要涉水临时工程又可以大大缩短工期的施工方法十分必要。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种桥梁梁部结构更换施工方法，以改善上述问题。为了实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案如下：
本申请实施例中提供了一种桥梁梁部结构更换施工方法，所述方法包括：在待更换的桥梁梁体两端的下方分别设置拼装平台和拆梁平台，将拼装平台和拆梁平台上方的第一梁体拆除；将剩下的多个第一梁体与桥墩分离，通过第二连接件将多个第一梁体依次相连；将第二梁体运输至拼装平台上，通过第一连接件将第一梁体和第二梁体相连；在拆梁平台的一侧将第一梁体往拆梁平台的一侧拖动，当单个第一梁体被全部拖动至拆梁平台后，将该第一梁体拆除；同时将第二个第二梁体运送至拼装平台上，将两个第二梁体通过第三连接件相连； 重复实施上述动作，直至第一梁体全部被第二梁体所替换。所述第一梁体为旧梁，所述第二梁体为新梁。
可选地，所述将剩下的多个第一梁体与桥墩分离，通过第二连接件将多个第一梁体依次相连，还包括：在所述第一梁体与桥墩之间依次设置轨道和滑道梁；轨道的顶部与第一梁体的底部固定连接，滑道梁的底部与桥墩固定连接，轨道的底部与滑道梁的顶部接触。
可选地，所述滑道梁设置在垫石的上方，滑道梁的底部通过第六连接件与桥墩的预埋件相连，且第六连接件设置有两个，两个所述第六连接件分别设置在垫石的两侧；所述滑道梁与垫石之间设置有缓冲层。
可选地，所述滑道梁的顶部设置有助滑板，所述轨道的底部设置有不锈钢板。
可选地，所述将剩下的多个第一梁体与桥墩分离，通过第二连接件将多个第一梁体依次相连，还包括：在所述第一梁体的两侧分别设置横向限位机构，横向限位机构的底部固定设置在桥墩的顶部，横向限位机构与第一梁体接触。
进一步地，所述横向限位机构包括第一固定件，第一固定件的底部通过固定座与桥墩的顶部相连；所述第一固定件内设置有凹槽，凹槽内设置有第二固定件，所述第二固定件的一端设置在凹槽内，另一端设置在凹槽外，第二固定件设置在凹槽外的一端与第三固定件相连，第三固定件内设置有横向的滚轮，所述滚轮通过第二销轴可转动的设置在第三固定件内，滚轮的一端设置在第三固定件外，且滚轮与所述第一梁体或第二梁体的侧壁接触。
进一步地，所述第一固定件内还设置有螺套，螺套内设置有螺杆，所述螺杆与螺套螺纹连接，螺杆一端与第二固定件相接触，另一端设 置有螺帽，所述螺帽设置在第一固定件的外侧；所述第一固定件上有设置有供螺杆穿过的通孔。
可选地，所述将第二梁体运输至拼装平台上，通过第一连接件将第一梁体和第二梁体相连，还包括：在所述第二梁体的下方设置轨道，在所述拼装平台上设置滑道梁，所述轨道与滑道梁接触。
可选地，所述第一梁体通过第五连接件与第一连接件相连；所述第二梁体通过第四连接件与第一连接件相连；所述第一连接件靠近第一梁体一侧的横截面与第一梁体的横截面相同；所述第一连接件靠近第二梁体一侧的横截面与第二梁体的横截面相同；所述第四连接件的一侧设置在第二梁体的表面，另一侧设置在第一连接件的表面，且第二梁体的内表面和外表面均设置有第四连接件，通过螺栓将设置在第二梁体内表面和外表面的第四连接件相连，从而实现将第二梁体与第一连接件的连接；所述第五连接件的一侧与第一梁体焊接，另一侧与第一连接件焊接，从而实现第一梁体与第一连接件相连。
可选地，所述在拆梁平台的一侧将第一梁体往拆梁平台的一侧拖动，还包括：在拖动的过程中，持续在轨道的底部刷润滑油。
本发明的有益效果为：
本发明通过将旧梁兼做施工通道及新梁的导梁；拆除旧梁和安装新梁贯穿整个拖拉过程，减小临时存梁场地；通过不间断连续拖拉有效缩短工期、降低成本；没有涉水工程，有利于行洪和环保要求。本发明适用于公路、铁路既有长大钢桥梁部的更换，可以在既有线钢桥改造工程中推广。
本发明的其他特征和优点将在随后的说明书阐述，并且，部分地从说明书中变得显而易见，或者通过实施本发明实施例了解。本发明的目的和其他优点可通过在所写的说明书、权利要求书、以及附图中所特别指出的结构来实现和获得。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，应当理解，以下附图仅示出了本发明的某些实施例，因此不应被看作是对范围的限定，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他相关的附图。
图1为本发明实施例中所述的桥梁梁部结构更换施工方法示意图；
图2为本发明实施例中所述的第一连接件结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例中所述的第一梁体在运动时结构剖视示意图；
图4为本发明实施例中所述的第二梁体在运动时结构剖视示意图；
图5为本发明实施例中所述的横向限位机构安装位置俯视示意图；
图6为本发明实施例中所述的滑道梁结构剖视示意图；
图7为本发明实施例中所述的横向限位机构剖视结构示意图；
图8为本发明实施例中所述的另一种横向限位机构剖视结构示意图。
图中标记：1、第一梁体；2、第二梁体；3、拼装平台；4、拆梁平台；5、桥墩；6、支撑架；7、第一连接件；8、第四连接件；9、第五连接件；10、横向限位机构；11、垫石；12、轨道；13、滑道梁；14、第一固定件；15、第二固定件；16、第三固定件；17、滑板；18、第六连接件；19、预埋件；20、缓冲层；21、垫块；22、第一销轴；23、第二销轴；24、滚轮；25、固定座；26、螺杆；27、螺套；28、螺帽。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本发明实施例的组件可以以各种不同的配置来布置和设计。因此，以下对在附图中提供的本发明的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围，而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
应注意到：相似的标号和字母在下面的附图中表示类似项，因此，一旦某一项在一个附图中被定义，则在随后的附图中不需要对其进行进一步定义和解释。同时，在本发明的描述中，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于区分描述，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
如图1所示，本实施例提供了一种桥梁梁部结构更换施工方法，该方法包括步骤S10、步骤S20、步骤S30、步骤S40和步骤S50。
步骤S10.在待更换的桥梁梁体两端的下方分别设置拼装平台3和拆梁平台4，将拼装平台3和拆梁平台4上方的第一梁体1拆除；
拼装平台3和拆梁平台4都通过支撑架6进行支撑，支撑架6可以是钢管。拼装平台3和拆梁平台4均设置在河道两侧的干旱地段上，并与道路进行连接，方便运输。
步骤S20.将剩下的多个第一梁体1与桥墩5分离，通过第二连接件将多个第一梁体1依次相连；第一梁体1为钢桁梁，第二连接件为钢板，钢板的两端分别和两个相邻的第一梁体1焊接，从而实现将两相邻的第一梁体1相连，且通过焊接的方式，使两个相邻的第一梁体1的连接更加稳定。
步骤S30.将第二梁体2运输至拼装平台3上，通过第一连接件7将第一梁体1和第二梁体2相连；第一梁体1为待更换的旧梁，第二梁体2为待换上的新梁。如图2所示，由于第一梁体1和第二梁体2的宽度、高度和形状均可能不同，故需要用第一连接件7将第一梁体1和第二梁体2进行连接。
步骤S40.在拆梁平台4的一侧将第一梁体1往拆梁平台4的一侧拖动，当单个第一梁体1被全部拖动至拆梁平台后，将该第一梁体1拆除；同时将第二个第二梁体2运送至拼装平台3上，将两个第二梁体2通过第三连接件相连；第二梁体2为钢箱梁，第三连接件为带有螺纹孔的钢板，第三连接件设置在两个第二梁体2连接处，第三连接件的中心线与两个相邻的第二梁体2的连接处重合，第三连接件在第二梁体2的外侧和内侧均对应设置，通过螺栓依次穿过外侧第三连接件的螺纹孔、第二梁体2和内侧第三连接件的螺纹孔，实现将外侧和内侧的第三连接件进行连接，从而将两个相邻的第二梁体2进行连接。
步骤S50.重复实施步骤S40动作，直至第一梁体1全部被第二梁体2所替换。
可选地，步骤S20还可以包括步骤S201。
步骤S201.在所述第一梁体1与桥墩5之间依次设置轨道12和滑道梁13；轨道12的顶部与第一梁体1的底部固定连接，滑道梁13的底部与桥墩5固定连接，轨道12的底部与滑道梁13的顶部接触。
如图3所示，将第一梁体1和桥墩5分离后，通过提升机械把第一梁体1进行提升，同时在第一梁体1的底部安装轨道12，在桥墩5的顶部安装滑道梁13，待轨道12和滑道梁13都安装完毕后，将第一桥体1放置在滑道梁13上。轨道12和滑道梁13均与第一梁体1 和第二梁体2的拖动方向平行。当第一梁体1和第二梁体2被拖动时，轨道12在滑道梁13上滑动。
可选地，如图6所示，所述滑道梁13设置在垫石11的上方，滑道梁13的底部通过第六连接件18与桥墩5的预埋件19相连，且第六连接件18设置有两个，两个所述第六连接件18分别设置在垫石11的两侧；所述滑道梁13与垫石11之间设置有缓冲层20。第六连接件18分别设置在垫石11的两侧，可以有效防止滑道梁13在施工过程中沿着拖动的方向运动，起到限位的作用。滑道梁13和两个第六连接件18刚好可以形成“π”形结构。第六连接件18可以是钢管、钢板或者其他类似的刚性材料。缓冲层20可以是橡胶，缓冲层20的厚度可以是20mm，在施工过程中，由于第一梁体1和第二梁体2的压力，滑道梁13会产生形变，从而对垫石11的顶部造成损坏，缓冲层20能够缓冲滑道梁13因为形变而对垫石11的压力，保护垫石11不被破坏。
可选地，所述滑道梁13的顶部设置有助滑板17，所述轨道12的底部设置有不锈钢板。助滑板17为MGE板，厚度为20mm。MGE板能够有效减少轨道12与滑道梁13的摩擦力，更加便于拖动。
可选地，步骤S20还可以包括步骤S202。
步骤S202.在所述第一梁体1的两侧分别设置横向限位机构10，横向限位机构10的底部固定设置在桥墩5的顶部，横向限位机构10与第一梁体1接触。横向限位机构10能够防止第一梁体1和第二梁体2在拖动的过程中左右横向移动，保证施工过程的安全性。
可选地，如图5和图7所示，所述横向限位机构10包括第一固定件14，第一固定件14的底部通过固定座25与桥墩5的顶部相连；所述第一固定件14内设置有凹槽，凹槽内设置有第二固定件15，所述第二固定件15的一端设置在凹槽内，另一端设置在凹槽外，第二 固定件15设置在凹槽外的一端与第三固定件16相连，第三固定件16内设置有横向的滚轮24，所述滚轮24通过第二销轴23可转动的设置在第三固定件16内，滚轮24的一端设置在第三固定件16外，且滚轮24与所述第一梁体1或第二梁体2的侧壁接触。在拖动施工之前，先将滚轮24的位置调整好，根据滚轮24与第一梁体1或第二梁体2侧壁的距离，在凹槽的底部添加垫块21，垫块21的长度等于滚轮24与第一梁体1或第二梁体2侧壁的距离相等。
作为另一实施例，如图8所示，所述第一固定件14内还设置有螺套27，螺套27内设置有螺杆26，所述螺杆26与螺套27螺纹连接，螺杆26一端与第二固定件15相接触，另一端设置有螺帽28，所述螺帽28设置在第一固定件14的外侧；所述第一固定件14上有设置有供螺杆26穿过的通孔。通过旋转螺杆26，即可实现调整滚轮24位置的功能。
可选地，步骤S30还可以包括步骤S301。
步骤S301.在所述第二梁体2的下方设置轨道12，如图4所示，在所述拼装平台3上设置滑道梁13，所述轨道12与滑道梁13接触。在拖动施工开始时，第二梁体2在拼装平台3上的滑道梁13上滑动。由于第一梁体1和第二梁体2的宽度可能不同，当第一个第二梁体2运动至第一个支撑原第一梁体1的桥墩5上时，根据第二梁体2的宽度调整横向限位机构10的位置和滑道梁13的位置，从而适应第二梁体2的宽度，以便继续进行拖动施工。
可选地，所述第一梁体1通过第五连接件9与第一连接件7相连；所述第二梁体2通过第四连接件8与第一连接件7相连；所述第一连接件7靠近第一梁体1一侧的横截面与第一梁体1的横截面相同；所述第一连接件7靠近第二梁体2一侧的横截面与第二梁体2的横截面相同；所述第四连接件8的一侧设置在第二梁体2的表面，另一侧设 置在第一连接件7的表面，且第二梁体2的内表面和外表面均设置有第四连接件8，通过螺栓将设置在第二梁体2内表面和外表面的第四连接件8相连，从而实现将第二梁体2与第一连接件7的连接；所述第五连接件9的一侧与第一梁体1焊接，另一侧与第一连接件7焊接，从而实现第一梁体1与第一连接件7相连。第四连接件8可以是带有螺纹孔的钢板，第五连接件9可以是钢板。
可选地，步骤S40还可以包括步骤S401。
步骤S401.在拖动的过程中，持续在轨道12的底部刷润滑油。刷润滑油能够减小轨道12与滑道梁13的摩擦力，使拖动更加省力和安全。
本发明提出了施工方法，将旧梁之间临时固结，新旧梁之间相互固结，旧梁作为新梁的导梁，不再单独设置拖拉用导梁，节省用钢量。在拖拉的过程中拆除旧梁，拼装新梁，达到拖拉施工与拆除旧梁、拼装新梁同步施工，既不需要涉水工程又可以降低造价缩短工期。本发明在施工过程中没有导梁的悬臂端，不存在拖拉过程中导梁上墩工况，以降低施工难度。通过新旧梁之间设置过渡段，即第一连接件7的方式，以保证旧梁与新梁之间连接可靠。通过旧梁底设置连续通常的梁底滑道梁13的方式，以确保梁体与桥墩5之间滑动平滑，降低墩顶受到的水平力。通过将新梁底的检查车轨道加强做为梁底滑道梁，即可满足拖拉施工的需要又兼做检查车轨道，以节约成本。通过在墩顶设置可调节的横向限位结构10，以确保拖拉过程中，梁体处于直线状态。
本发明充分利用既有钢梁做为施工通道，改造顶帽时，可通过既有旧梁运输提梁设备、浇筑材料等，同时可供施工人员通行。充分利用既有钢梁做为新梁的导梁，节约时间同时降低成本。充分利用拖拉时间，将拆旧梁和拼新梁融入拖拉过程，桥梁的一端拆除旧梁另外一 段拼装新梁，避免集中拆旧梁和拼装新梁，可有效减少临时梁场面积。充分利用梁体作为施工通道，避免涉水施工，更利于行洪和环保要求。在拖拉过程中，可以在新梁桥面上进行附属设置施工，可缩短工期。
需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种桥梁梁部结构更换施工方法，其特征在于，包括：
    在待更换的桥梁梁体两端的下方分别设置拼装平台(3)和拆梁平台(4)，将拼装平台(3)和拆梁平台(4)上方的第一梁体(1)拆除；
    将剩下的多个第一梁体(1)与桥墩(5)分离，通过第二连接件将多个第一梁体(1)依次相连；
    将第二梁体(2)运输至拼装平台(3)上，通过第一连接件(7)将第一梁体(1)和第二梁体(2)相连；
    在拆梁平台(4)的一侧将第一梁体(1)往拆梁平台(4)的一侧拖动，当单个第一梁体(1)被全部拖动至拆梁平台后，将该第一梁体(1)拆除；同时将第二个第二梁体(2)运送至拼装平台(3)上，将两个第二梁体(2)通过第三连接件相连；
    重复实施上述动作，直至第一梁体(1)全部被第二梁体(2)所替换。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的桥梁梁部结构更换施工方法，其特征在于，所述将剩下的多个第一梁体(1)与桥墩(5)分离，通过第二连接件将多个第一梁体(1)依次相连，还包括：
    在所述第一梁体(1)与桥墩(5)之间依次设置轨道(12)和滑道梁(13)；轨道(12)的顶部与第一梁体(1)的底部固定连接，滑道梁(13)的底部与桥墩(5)固定连接，轨道(12)的底部与滑道梁(13)的顶部接触。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的桥梁梁部结构更换施工方法，其特征在于，所述滑道梁(13)设置在垫石(11)的上方，滑道梁(13)的底部通过第六连接件(18)与桥墩(5)的预埋件(19)相连，且第六 连接件(18)设置有两个，两个所述第六连接件(18)分别设置在垫石(11)的两侧；所述滑道梁(13)与垫石(11)之间设置有缓冲层(20)。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的桥梁梁部结构更换施工方法，其特征在于：所述滑道梁(13)的顶部设置有助滑板(17)，所述轨道(12)的底部设置有不锈钢板。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的桥梁梁部结构更换施工方法，其特征在于，所述将剩下的多个第一梁体(1)与桥墩(5)分离，通过第二连接件将多个第一梁体(1)依次相连，还包括：
    在所述第一梁体(1)的两侧分别设置横向限位机构(10)，横向限位机构(10)的底部固定设置在桥墩(5)的顶部，横向限位机构(10)与第一梁体(1)接触。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的桥梁梁部结构更换施工方法，其特征在于：所述横向限位机构(10)包括第一固定件(14)，第一固定件(14)的底部通过固定座(25)与桥墩(5)的顶部相连；所述第一固定件(14)内设置有凹槽，凹槽内设置有第二固定件(15)，所述第二固定件(15)的一端设置在凹槽内，另一端设置在凹槽外，第二固定件(15)设置在凹槽外的一端与第三固定件(16)相连，第三固定件(16)内设置有横向的滚轮(24)，所述滚轮(24)通过第二销轴(23)可转动的设置在第三固定件(16)内，滚轮(24)的一端设置在第三固定件(16)外，且滚轮(24)与所述第一梁体(1)或第二梁体(2)的侧壁接触。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的桥梁梁部结构更换施工方法，其特征在于：所述第一固定件(14)内还设置有螺套(27)，螺套(27)内设置有螺杆(26)，所述螺杆(26)与螺套(27)螺纹连接，螺杆(26)一端与第二固定件(15)相接触，另一端设置有螺帽(28)，所述螺 帽(28)设置在第一固定件(14)的外侧；所述第一固定件(14)上有设置有供螺杆(26)穿过的通孔。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的桥梁梁部结构更换施工方法，其特征在于，所述将第二梁体(2)运输至拼装平台(3)上，通过第一连接件(7)将第一梁体(1)和第二梁体(2)相连，还包括：
    在所述第二梁体(2)的下方设置轨道(12)，在所述拼装平台(3)上设置滑道梁(13)，所述轨道(12)与滑道梁(13)接触。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的桥梁梁部结构更换施工方法，其特征在于：所述第一梁体(1)通过第五连接件(9)与第一连接件(7)相连；所述第二梁体(2)通过第四连接件(8)与第一连接件(7)相连；所述第一连接件(7)靠近第一梁体(1)一侧的横截面与第一梁体(1)的横截面相同；所述第一连接件(7)靠近第二梁体(2)一侧的横截面与第二梁体(2)的横截面相同。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的桥梁梁部结构更换施工方法，其特征在于，所述在拆梁平台(4)的一侧将第一梁体(1)往拆梁平台(4)的一侧拖动，还包括：
    在拖动的过程中，持续在轨道(12)的底部刷润滑油。
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