WO2021253595A1 - 一种链式苗钵移栽机及使用方法 - Google Patents

一种链式苗钵移栽机及使用方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021253595A1
WO2021253595A1 PCT/CN2020/108340 CN2020108340W WO2021253595A1 WO 2021253595 A1 WO2021253595 A1 WO 2021253595A1 CN 2020108340 W CN2020108340 W CN 2020108340W WO 2021253595 A1 WO2021253595 A1 WO 2021253595A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
slideway
seedling
transplanting
water
chain
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PCT/CN2020/108340
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
孟永升
Original Assignee
孟永升
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Publication of WO2021253595A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021253595A1/zh

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C11/00Transplanting machines
    • A01C11/02Transplanting machines for seedlings
    • A01C11/025Transplanting machines using seedling trays; Devices for removing the seedlings from the trays
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B49/00Combined machines
    • A01B49/02Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B49/00Combined machines
    • A01B49/02Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind
    • A01B49/022Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind at least one tool being actively driven
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B49/00Combined machines
    • A01B49/04Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C11/00Transplanting machines
    • A01C11/02Transplanting machines for seedlings
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C5/00Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
    • A01C5/06Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C5/00Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
    • A01C5/06Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
    • A01C5/062Devices for making drills or furrows
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C5/00Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
    • A01C5/06Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
    • A01C5/066Devices for covering drills or furrows
    • A01C5/068Furrow packing devices, e.g. press wheels
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G25/00Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
    • A01G25/02Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, and relates to a transplanting machine, in particular to a chain type seedling pot transplanting machine.
  • Crop seedling transplanting planting technology has been widely used in agricultural production.
  • Transplanting machinery is an important tool for popularizing and applying transplanting planting technology in a large area.
  • common transplanting machinery such as vegetable transplanting machine, green onion transplanting machine, etc.
  • each transplanting ridge requires an operator to ride on the transplanting machine, separate the seedlings from the seedling tray, and then feed them to transplanting
  • the seedling-throwing opening of the machine is driven by a rotating part to drive the transplanting mechanism to place the seedlings into the soil.
  • This type of transplanting machine uses a large amount of labor, many rotating parts, a complex mechanical structure, poor safety protection, and slow operation speed.
  • Each type of transplanting machine is only for one type of crop, one machine for one use, and poor versatility.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a chain type seedling bowl transplanter, which adopts a multi-layer structure and is equipped with a multi-layer seedling bowl transplanting device, uses a slide way to transport the chain type seedling bowl, is equipped with a protective device, and can use a chain
  • the chain-type seedling pot that completes the seedling raising is quickly transplanted into the soil. It is suitable for transplanting all crops using seedling transplanting planting technology under different planting modes. One person can complete the operation, which is highly adaptable and effective.
  • the existing seedling transplanting machine solves the problems of large manual consumption, complicated mechanical structure, slow operation speed, low operation efficiency, poor versatility, and poor protection.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for using the chain type seedling pot transplanter, including a hooking method, a method for using a seedling pot transplanting device, a method for continuously supplying seedlings from a chain type seedling pot, and a slide chute width adjustment Method, transplanting depth adjustment method, transplanting row spacing adjustment method, water application method, horizontal cropping method, ridge cropping method, furrow cropping method, and intercropping cropping method. It mainly uses the chain seedling pot transplanter to meet the agronomic requirements for transplanting different crops by adjusting the parameters of related components, and completes the chain seedling pot transplantation under different planting modes such as flat cropping, ridge cropping, furrow cropping, and intercropping. Planting operations to achieve multiple uses in one machine.
  • a chain type seedling pot transplanter adopts a multi-layer structure, is provided with a multi-layer seedling pot transplanting device, and uses a slide to transport the seedling pot; it is characterized in that it includes a frame , Ground preparation device, seedling tray rack, seedling pot transplanting device, water application device.
  • the frame includes a large frame, an upper attachment point, a lower attachment point, a protective fence, a grille pedal, a slideway hook beam, and a beam fixed column;
  • the large frame is a frame welded by rectangular steel pipes, and the rectangular steel pipes on both sides of the large frame are oriented toward The upper and lower hooking points are welded to the front end of the large frame to realize the hooking function of the chain seedling pot transplanter;
  • the protective fence is a frame welded by rectangular steel pipes, which is fixed at the front end of the large frame by bolts.
  • a grille pedal is welded to the bottom of the front end of the large frame, and the operator can walk on the grille pedal to complete the placement of seedling trays and connect the joints between the two seedling pot chains
  • the crossbeam of the slideway is a rectangular steel tube, and each layer of seedling pot transplanting device is installed for the installation of the slideway
  • the ends of the rectangular steel pipes extending backward on both sides of the large frame are equipped with fixed crossbeam columns, beams
  • the two ends of the fixed column are welded with splints at a certain angle to the horizontal, which are used to fix the slideway and hook the beam.
  • the crossbeam fixed columns can be connected in series to fix the multi-layer slideway to hook the crossbeam.
  • the ground preparation device includes a ditching plow and a pressure roller;
  • the ditching plow is a top fixed telescopic height-adjusting structure, which is fixed on the beam at the bottom of the large frame by U-shaped bolts;
  • the pressure roller is a side-fixed screw height-adjusting structure, which is passed U-shaped bolts Fixed on the beams on both sides of the big frame.
  • the seedling tray rack is provided with two upper and lower layers, and is a grid frame welded by rectangular steel pipes and flat steels, and is fixed on the large rack by rectangular steel pipes.
  • the seedling pot transplanting device adopts a multi-layer structure and uses a method of staggered setting of multi-layer slides to provide a transplanting ability with a row spacing far smaller than the width of the seedling tray, thereby improving versatility; when set as a double layer, the minimum transplanting row spacing is obtained The transplanting ability is close to one-half the width of the seedling tray. When set to three layers, the minimum transplanting row spacing is close to one-third the width of the seedling tray; the setting of the number of layers is related to the width of the seedling tray used.
  • each layer of seedling pot transplanting device has the same structure, including seedling tray support, seedling pot guide groove, and slideway Hangers, slides.
  • the seedling tray pallet is welded by the panel and the bracket. All slides on the same layer share a seedling tray pallet; the left and right sides of the panel are used to block the seedling tray and the seedling bowl; the bracket is welded by rectangular steel pipes.
  • the sides of the rectangular steel pipe forming the rear frame of the bracket are opened with equal lengths at both ends to enlarge the straight notches with round holes.
  • the bolt heads of the bolts can be stuck in the straight notches through the round holes and can move along the straight notches.
  • the seedling tray support plate is fixed on the frame through the rectangular steel tube.
  • the guide trough of the seedling bowl is processed and formed by a thin metal plate.
  • the front end is open, the side fence is curved, the bottom is flat, and the rear end is inclined downward; the lower edge of the front end of the seedling bowl guide trough goes down to the sheet metal side fence and has a round hole.
  • the straight notch on the side is fixed;
  • the side rail is a wide top and a narrow flared curved surface, and the curved surface is used to guide and straighten the poured seedling pot;
  • the front end of the side rail is a tongue-shaped standing board protruding forward, and the lower edge of the tongue-shaped standing board and the seedling tray support
  • the board plane fits, changing the bending degree of the tongue-shaped vertical board, can produce different opening widths of the bell mouth, to adapt to the seedling trays of different widths;
  • the rear end of the seedling bowl guide trough is tilted down at a certain angle, the side rails on both sides and the front end
  • the side rails are smoothly connected, and the lower edge protrudes the tongue-shaped plate backwards, and the tongue-shaped plate extends into the slideway to guide the chain-type seedling bowl into the slideway smoothly.
  • the chute hanger is composed of a hanger base, a tie rod bolt fixing seat, a U-bolt of the hanger, a hanger piece, and a spring pull rod;
  • the hanger base is a steel plate with a round hole in the four corners;
  • a tie rod bolt fixing seat is welded under the hanger base;
  • the hanger hanger is welded to the U-bolt of the hanger for hooking the slideway;
  • the spring pull rod is composed of a pull rod bolt, a spring, a flat washer, and a nut, and is installed on the pull rod bolt fixing seat under the base of the hanger;
  • the spring pull rod is set
  • the tie rod bolt position adjustment nut and the spring pressure adjustment nut are used to adjust the stretch length of the tie rod bolt and the spring pressure.
  • the slideway is composed of a slideway frame, a slideway fixed side plate, a slideway movable side plate, a slideway extension plate, a trench opener, and a soil cover;
  • the slideway frame is welded by rectangular steel pipes, and the front end is welded by metal sheet metal
  • the connecting plate has two upper and lower round holes.
  • the upper hole constitutes the slideway hooking point, which is connected with the slideway hanger through the pin shaft
  • the lower hole constitutes the tie rod bolt connection seat, which is connected with the spring tie rod through the pin shaft to realize the alignment
  • the inclination of the slideway is limited, and the slideway and the ground surface are profiled under the action of the spring; a water injection hole is opened on the side of the slideway frame at the back position, and a water hose is inserted into the hole, and the water flows into the transplanting ditch through the water injection hole Inside, the purpose of water application is realized; the backward position of the slideway frame is welded with a downward rectangular steel tube to form a fixed column for the opener; both sides of the slideway frame are provided with a slideway fixed side plate and a slideway movable side plate, which are connected to the slideway frame.
  • the fixed side plate of the chute is a thin metal plate, the upper edge of the sheet metal edge increases the strength, and the lower edge is welded to the side where the water injection hole of the chute frame is located;
  • the slideway flap is made of sheet metal.
  • the upper and lower edges of the sheet metal increase strength, and the front sheet metal is bent outwards.
  • the slideway flap is a grooved sheet metal.
  • the long side rails on the upper half of the sheet metal are used for welding and fixing the slideway traps, and the lower half of the sheet metal short edges play a role in increasing the strength.
  • the bottom surface of the groove has a fork-shaped mounting hole with a downward notch; the slideway trap hanger Weld on the slideway flap at a certain interval, open threaded holes on the slideway frame at the position corresponding to the fork-shaped mounting hole, screw in the bolts, and a certain number of flat washers are worn on the bolts to hang the slideway flaps.
  • the chute is extended
  • the plate is an arc-shaped thin steel plate, welded to the upper edge of the rear end of the chute frame, and smoothly connected with the upper plane of the chute frame, smoothly extending the sliding path of the seedling bowl to the bottom of the transplanting ditch, eliminating the drop and making the seedling bowl enter smoothly
  • the opener is composed of a soil loosening plow tip and a dumper.
  • the loosening plow tip is a common part, which is fixed on the fixed column of the opener of the chute frame by bolts;
  • the dumper is made of two sheet metal sheets It is composed of parts, welded on both sides of the slideway frame, the front edge of the thin metal plate is welded to the opener fixed column of the slideway frame, the lower edge is flush with the lower edge of the opener fixed column, and the inner side is welded and fixed with the slideway frame; sheet metal The upper edge of the sheet metal comes out of the side rail to increase the strength of the excavator.
  • the side rail is welded on the plane of the crawler fixing seat.
  • the crawler fixing seat has a circular hole and an arc notch concentric with the circular hole; the soil cover is a roller structure and is connected by The rod and the earth cover wheel are composed of two mounting holes at the front end of the connecting rod, and the rear end is welded with a pin shaft; the earth cover wheel is installed on the pin shaft of the connecting rod; the connecting rod is fixed to the crawler fixing seat by bolts and adjusted by the arc notch The upper and lower positions of the soil covering wheel are fixed and the transplanting depth can be adjusted.
  • the water application device includes a water separator, a water delivery hose, a ball valve, and a solenoid valve;
  • the water separator is a cylindrical tank with a water inlet, an exhaust valve, and multiple water outlets.
  • the exhaust valve is mainly used for Exhaust the air in the water trap to prevent air resistance;
  • the water delivery hose is connected to the outlet of the water trap through a ball valve.
  • the solenoid valve can be installed as an option.
  • the water delivery hose is disconnected near the water injection hole and connected Solenoid valve; pressurized water flows into the water divider from the water inlet, and then flows out from the water outlet after the pressure is balanced by the water divider.
  • the present invention provides a method for using a chain seedling bowl transplanter, which is characterized in that it includes a hooking method, a method for using a seedling bowl transplanting device, a method for continuously supplying seedlings from a chain seedling bowl, and a method for adjusting the width of a chute. Transplanting depth adjustment method, transplanting row spacing adjustment method, water application method, horizontal cropping method, ridge cropping method, furrow cropping method, and intercropping cropping method.
  • a method for hooking the chain seedling pot transplanter of the present invention the steps are as follows: directly hooking the chain seedling pot transplanter of the present invention to the suspension system of the power host, and the power host directly pulls the power host.
  • the chain type seedling pot transplanter in the invention is used for transplanting operations on the cultivated land. This method has lower requirements on the power of the main engine.
  • Another method for hooking the chain type seedling pot transplanter of the present invention is as follows: directly hooking the power host to the rotary tiller, welding the hanging arm at the position of the hooking point under the rotary tiller, and attaching the
  • the lower hook of the three-point suspension of the chain seedling pot transplanter is hooked to the suspension arm welded on the rotary tiller through a pin shaft, and the upper hook of the chain seedling pot transplanter of the present invention is connected to the suspension arm through a telescopic hydraulic cylinder.
  • the upper hook of the rotary tiller is connected, and the telescopic hydraulic cylinder is controlled by the hydraulic output system of the power host; before starting the transplanting operation, ensure that the telescopic hydraulic cylinder is in a retracted state, so that the chain seedling pot transplanter of the present invention is hung below
  • the contact point is that the shaft is raised relative to the rotary cultivator; when the operation starts, the rotary cultivator is put down, and the power host drives the rotary cultivator to loosen a section of cultivated land, and then controls the extension of the telescopic hydraulic cylinder to make the chain seedling of the present invention
  • the pot transplanter is dropped, and the transplanting operation is started on the arable land that has been rotary tilled; when it needs to turn around, the telescopic hydraulic cylinder is first retracted to make the chain-type seedling pot transplanter of the present invention the following hook point as the axis relative Lift the rotary cultivator, and then lift the rotary cultivator. After turning around, start a new transplant
  • the method for using the seedling pot transplanting device of the chain seedling pot transplanter of the present invention includes the following steps: when the transplanting row spacing is less than the width of the seedling tray, a multi-layer seedling pot transplanting device is arranged, and the slideways of each layer are arranged in a staggered manner; When the transplanting row spacing is greater than the width of the seedling tray, set up a multi-layer seedling pot transplanting device, arrange the slides on each layer in a staggered manner, or set only a certain layer of seedling pot transplanting device; before transplanting, place the seedling tray from the seedling tray Remove from the rack, put it into the seedling tray pallet, pull out the seedling bowl link head from the seedling tray, and pull out the seedling bowl in turn.
  • the chain length between the seedling bowls controls the transplanting plant distance, and the seedling bowl chain is introduced into the seedling bowl guide
  • the trough is guided by the guide trough of the seedling bowl into the transplanting ditch opened by the opener along the slide, and the seedling bowl chain is fixed in the soil to complete the preparation for transplanting; when the transplanting operation is carried out, the present invention
  • the chain-type seedling pot transplanter moves forward. Under the traction of the seedling pot chain, the chain-type seedling pots in the seedling tray are pulled out one by one.
  • the soil is backfilled and compacted by the soil wheel to complete the transplanting and planting of the seedlings.
  • a method for continuously supplying seedlings from a chain type seedling pot of the chain type seedling pot transplanter of the present invention has the following steps: during the transplanting process, when a small amount of seedling pots remain in the seedling pot, the operator removes the seedlings in the seedling pot Push all the bowls into the seedling tray, pull out the empty seedling tray, put in the new seedling tray, pull out the head joint of the seedling bowl chain in the new seedling tray, and match the original seedling bowl stored in the seedling tray.
  • the tail joints of the chain are well connected, so that the two seedling pot chains form a new seedling pot chain; the new seedling tray is pushed into the seedling tray pallet to complete the connection of the seedling supply chain.
  • This continuous seedling supply method is suitable for continuous seedling supply operations under all row spacing requirements.
  • Another method for continuously supplying seedlings from a chain type seedling pot of the chain type seedling pot transplanter of the present invention includes the following steps: when the distance between two normal seedling trays in the same layer of seedling tray pallet is greater than When a seedling tray is wide, place a new seedling tray on the empty space next to the seedling tray for normal seedlings, and pull out the chain end of the seedling pot from the back of the seedling tray for normal seedlings to connect with the chain head of the seedling pot in the new seedling tray.
  • the method for adjusting the width of the slide chute of the chain type seedling pot transplanter of the present invention includes the following steps: loosen the fixing bolts of the movable side plate of the slide, take the movable side plate of the slide, and increase according to the requirements of the width of the chute of the slide Reduce the number of flat washers between the slideway trap and the slideway frame, insert the slideway movable side plate, tighten the fixing bolts of the slideway movable side plate, and complete the adjustment of the width of the slideway chute.
  • the method for adjusting the transplanting depth of the chain seedling pot transplanter of the present invention has the following steps: adjust the height of the pressure roller, control the ground clearance of the chain seedling pot transplanter of the present invention, and realize the transplanting depth Preliminary control; adjust the position of the tie rod bolts on the slideway hanger to adjust the nut, change the inclination of the slideway, and adjust the position of the soil covering wheel at the same time to realize the fine-tuning control of the transplanting depth.
  • the method for adjusting the transplanting row spacing of the chain-type seedling pot transplanter of the present invention includes the following steps: the transplanting row spacing of the chain-type seedling pot transplanter is determined by the distance between two adjacent slides; Open the U-shaped bolts of the hanger, loosen the fixing bolts of the seedling bowl guide groove, and move the seedling bowl guide groove and the chute hanger synchronously along the cross beam of the slideway to make the distance between two adjacent slides meet the requirements of transplanting row spacing Afterwards, tighten the U-shaped bolts of the hanger, and tighten the fixing bolts of the seedling pot guide grooves to complete the transplanting row spacing adjustment work of the chain seedling pot transplanter.
  • the water application method of the chain seedling pot transplanter of the present invention includes the following steps: the pressurized water enters the water separator through the water inlet, and the air is discharged through the exhaust valve, and the pressure is balanced by the water separator. It flows out from the water outlet, after the flow is adjusted by the ball valve, enters the inner cavity of the slide rack through the water hose directly extending into the water injection hole, and finally flows into the transplanting between the loose soil plow tip and the slide extension plate at the end of the slide In the ditch, complete continuous watering operations; this method is suitable for transplanting operations with small plant spacing and close planting.
  • Another water application method of the chain seedling pot transplanter of the present invention the steps are as follows: pressurized water enters the water separator through the water inlet, exhausts air through the exhaust valve, and the pressure is balanced by the water separator Then it flows out from the water outlet, after the flow is adjusted by the ball valve, it is controlled by the solenoid valve installed near the water injection hole to produce intermittent water flow, the intermittent water flow enters the inner cavity of the slide frame, and finally flows into the loose soil plow tip and the slideway at the end of the slideway.
  • the fixed-point watering operation is completed to save water consumption; this method is suitable for the large-scale transplanting operation of crops with large plant spacing.
  • the horizontal transplanting method of the chain type seedling pot transplanter of the present invention includes the following steps: remove the ditching plough, adjust the height of the pressure roller according to the requirements of crop agronomy, and rationally arrange the number of transplanting devices for each layer of seedling pot, Adjust the transplanting depth and row spacing of the transplanter, select the water application method, and start the transplanting operation in the flat cropping mode.
  • the ridge planting transplanting method of the chain type seedling pot transplanter of the present invention has the following steps: according to the ridge planting agronomic requirements, adjust the spacing distance and height of the ditch plow, adjust the height of the pressure roller, and rationally arrange the transplanting of each layer of seedling pots
  • the number of planting devices adjust the transplanting depth and transplanting row spacing of the transplanter, and select the water application method; during the transplanting operation, the ditching plow carries out the ditching and piling operation on the ground surface, and the pressure roller compacts and reshapes the uplifted soil.
  • a ridge and furrow shape that meets the planting requirements is formed, and the seedling pot transplanting device transplants the seedling pot to the ridge platform to complete the transplanting operation in the ridge cultivation mode.
  • the trench planting method of the chain-type seedling pot transplanter of the present invention includes the following steps: remove the pressure roller, adjust the spacing distance and height of the trench plow according to the agronomic requirements of trench planting, and replace the lower slide with the upper slide , Adjust the transplanting depth and transplanting row spacing of the transplanter, and choose the water application method; during the transplanting operation, the ditching plow will open the ditch and pile the soil, and the surface soil will be ditched and piled up to form a ditch shape that meets the planting requirements , The seedling pot transplanting device transplants the seedling pot into the furrow to complete the transplanting operation in furrow mode.
  • the intercropping transplanting method of the chain seedling pot transplanter of the present invention has the following steps: adjust the transplanting row distance and the transplanting depth of the chain seedling pot transplanter according to the intercropping agronomic requirements, and select the water application method ; When transplanting, according to the requirements of the intercropping, put the seedling tray of the crop to be intercropped into the seedling pot transplanting device for intercropping, and then follow the normal transplanting method to complete the transplanting operation in the intercropping mode .
  • the advantage of the present invention is that the chain type seedling pot transplanter adopts a multi-layer structure, is provided with a multi-layer seedling pot transplanting device, and the chain type seedling pot is transported by a slide way, the structure is simple, and there is no complicated rotation.
  • the structure can quickly transplant the crop chain seedling bowl that uses the chain seedling tool to complete the seedling into the soil; it is equipped with a water application device, which can be connected to the rotary tiller, and completes the operations of arable land, water application and transplanting at one time;
  • the chain-type seedling pot transplanter has multiple functions and can adapt to various agronomic requirements of different crop varieties. It can complete transplanting operations under different planting modes such as flat cropping, ridge cropping, furrow cropping, and intercropping, saving labor and operating efficiency. High, very suitable for large-scale transplanting operations in large fields.
  • the advantage of the present invention is that the chain type seedling pot transplanter adopts a multi-layer structure, is provided with a multi-layer seedling pot transplanting device, and the chain type seedling pot is transported by a slide way, the structure is simple, and there is no complicated rotation.
  • the structure can quickly transplant the crop chain seedling bowl that uses the chain seedling tool to complete the seedling into the soil; it is equipped with a water application device, which can be connected to the rotary tiller, and completes the operations of arable land, water application and transplanting at one time;
  • the chain-type seedling pot transplanter has multiple functions and can adapt to various agronomic requirements of different crop varieties. It can complete transplanting operations under different planting modes such as flat cropping, ridge cropping, furrow cropping, and intercropping, saving labor and operating efficiency. High, very suitable for large-scale transplanting operations in large fields.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the whole machine structure of the three-layer example of the chain seedling pot transplanter.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the whole machine structure of the double-layer example of the chain seedling pot transplanter.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the seedling pot transplanting device of the chain seedling pot transplanter.
  • Figure 4 is an exploded schematic diagram of the slideway structure of the chain seedling pot transplanter.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a method for adjusting the width of a chute of a chain-type seedling pot transplanter.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a continuous seedling supply method of the seedling bowl transplanting device of the chain seedling bowl transplanter.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the effect of the chain-type seedling pot transplanter when transplanting and planting in a horizontal position.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the effect of the chain-type seedling pot transplanter during ridge planting transplanting and planting.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the effect of the chain-type seedling pot transplanter when transplanting and planting in a furrow.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the effect of the chain-type seedling pot transplanter during interplanting transplanting and planting.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example of the implementation of the three-layer structure of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of the implementation of the two-layer structure of the present invention.
  • the structural features of the three-layer structure implementation example and the two-layer structure implementation example are basically the same.
  • the double-layer structure implementation example can meet the row spacing requirements of most crops under the condition of using common seedling trays. Therefore, the double-layer structure implementation example is the best embodiment.
  • the chain type seedling pot transplanter of the present invention includes a frame, a ground preparation device, a seedling tray rack, a seedling pot transplanting device, and a water application device.
  • the rack includes a large frame 108, an upper hook 104, a lower hook 107, a guard rail 103, a grille pedal 505, an upper slide hook beam 118, a lower slide hook beam 114, and a beam fixed column 115.
  • the big frame 108 is a frame welded by rectangular steel pipes, and the rectangular steel pipes on both sides of the big frame 108 extend backward; the upper hanging contact 104 and the lower hanging contact 107 are welded to the front end of the big frame 108 to realize the chain type seedling pot transplanter.
  • the protective fence 103 is a rectangular steel pipe welded frame, which is fixed to the front end of the large frame 108 by bolts, and is used to isolate the operator from the suspension system for safety protection purposes; the bottom of the large frame 108 is welded with a grille pedal 505, The operator can walk on the grille pedal 505, complete the placement of seedling trays, and connect the joints between the two seedling pot chains to implement continuous and uninterrupted seedling supply; the upper slide is connected to the beam 118 and the lower slide is connected to the beam 114. Rectangular steel pipes; the ends of the rectangular steel pipes extending backward on both sides of the large frame 108 are provided with beam fixing columns 115. Both ends of the beam fixing columns 115 are welded with splints at a certain angle to the horizontal, which are used to fix the upper slideway to connect the beam 118 and the lower layer. The slideway is connected to the beam 114.
  • the ground preparation device includes a ditching plow 110 and a pressure roller 109;
  • the ditching plow 110 is a fixed telescopic height adjustment structure on the top, which is fixed to the beam at the bottom of the large frame 108 by U-bolts;
  • the pressure roller 109 is a side fixed screw height adjustment structure , Fixed on the cross beams on both sides of the large frame 108 by U-shaped bolts.
  • the upper seedling tray rack 101 and the lower seedling tray rack 102 are fixed on the large rack 108 by rectangular steel pipes.
  • the seedling pot transplanting device adopts a multi-layer structure, and the method of staggered arrangement of multi-layer slides provides transplanting ability with a row spacing far smaller than the width of the seedling tray, and improves versatility; the structure of the seedling pot transplanting device for each layer is the same, here Only the embodiment of the transplanting device for the lower seedling pot is described.
  • the lower seedling bowl transplanting device includes a lower seedling tray support plate 106, a lower seedling bowl guide groove 116, a lower slideway hanger 112, and a lower slideway 111.
  • the lower seedling tray pallet 106 is formed by welding the panel and the bracket, and this layer shares a seedling tray pallet; the sheet metal side rails on the left and right sides of the panel are used to block the seedling tray and the seedling bowl; the bracket is a frame welded by rectangular steel pipes. On the side of the rectangular steel pipe forming the rear frame of the bracket, the two ends of equal length are enlarged into straight notches 203 with round holes. The bolt heads of the bolts can be clamped in the straight notches 203 through the round holes, and can be along the straight notches 203. The movement realizes the purpose of moving and fixing the lower seedling pot guide groove 116 along the straight notch 203; the lower seedling tray support plate 106 is fixed on the frame by a rectangular steel tube.
  • the lower seedling bowl guide groove 116 is processed and formed by a thin metal plate, with an open front end, a side rail curved surface, a bottom plane, and a rear end inclined downward; the lower seedling bowl guide groove 116 has a bottom edge of the sheet metal side rail and a circular hole, which is guided through the seedling bowl.
  • the groove fixing bolt 204 is fixed with the straight notch 203 on the rear side of the lower seedling tray support plate 106;
  • the side rail is a wide top and a narrow trumpet-shaped curved surface, and the curved surface is used to guide and straighten the poured seedling bowl;
  • the front end of the side rail is a tongue-shaped protruding forward Vertical plate, the lower edge of the tongue-shaped vertical plate fits the plane of the lower seedling tray support plate 106, and the bending degree of the tongue-shaped vertical plate can be changed to produce bell mouths with different opening widths to adapt to the seedling trays of different widths;
  • the rear end of the bowl guide groove 116 is inclined downward to a certain angle, the side rails on both sides are smoothly connected with the front side rail, and the lower edge protrudes out of the tongue-shaped plate, which extends into the lower slide 111 to guide the chain-type seedling bowl to enter the lower layer smoothly. Slide 111.
  • the lower slideway hanger 112 is composed of a hanger base 303, a tie rod bolt fixing seat 304, a hanger U-bolt 323, a hanger piece 322, and a spring pull rod; the hanger base 303 has four corners with round holes.
  • the bracket base 303 is welded to the tie rod bolt fixing seat 304; the bracket hanger 322 is welded to the bracket U-bolt 323 for hooking the lower slide 111;
  • the spring tie rod is composed of tie rod bolts 308, spring 305, and flat It consists of washers and nuts, and is installed on the tie rod bolt fixing seat 304 under the pylon base 303;
  • the spring tie rod is provided with tie rod bolt position adjustment nut 307 and spring pressure adjustment nut 306, which are used to adjust the extension length of tie rod bolt 308 and the pressure of spring 305 .
  • the lower chute 111 is composed of a chute frame 314, a chute fixed side plate 319, a chute movable side plate 320, a chute extension plate 313, a trench opener, and an earth cover.
  • the chute frame 314 is a rectangular It is welded by steel pipe, and the front end is welded with a connecting plate made of sheet metal.
  • the connecting plate has two round holes on the upper and lower sides.
  • the upper hole constitutes the slideway hook joint 301, which is connected to the hanger hanger 322 through the pin B321, and the lower hole constitutes
  • the tie rod bolt connection seat 302 is connected with the tie rod bolt 308 through the pin A309 to limit the inclination angle of the lower slide 111, and under the action of the spring, the lower slide 111 and the ground surface have a profiling effect; slide rack 314
  • a water injection hole 207 is opened on the side of the rear position, and a water delivery hose 205 is inserted into the hole.
  • the water flows into the transplanting ditch through the water injection hole 207 to achieve the purpose of water application;
  • the ditcher fixed column 312; the slideway fixed side plate 319 and the slideway movable side plate 320 are provided on both sides of the slideway frame 314, which form the slideway chute together with the upper plane of the slideway frame 314;
  • the slideway fixed side plate 319 is a thin metal plate ,
  • the upper edge of the sheet metal edge increases the strength, and the lower edge is welded to the side where the water injection hole 207 of the slideway frame 314 is located;
  • the slideway movable side plate 320 is composed of a slideway trap 404 and a slideway trap 401.
  • the slideway flap 401 is a groove-shaped sheet metal part, and the upper part of the sheet metal is turned outward
  • the long side rail is used to weld and fix the slideway trap, the lower half of the sheet metal short edge plays a role of increasing strength, and the bottom surface of the groove has fork-shaped mounting holes with a downward notch;
  • the slideway trap 401 is welded at a certain interval
  • a threaded hole is opened on the slideway frame 314 at a position corresponding to the fork-shaped mounting hole, and the slideway movable side plate fixing bolt 402 is screwed into the slideway movable side plate fixing bolt 402.
  • the slide extension plate 313 is an arc-shaped thin steel plate, welded to the upper edge of the rear end of the slide rack 314, and the upper plane of the slide rack 314 Smooth connection, smoothly extend the sliding path of the seedling bowl to the bottom of the transplanting ditch, eliminate the drop, and make the seedling bowl smoothly enter the bottom of the transplanting ditch;
  • the tip 311 is a universal part and is fixed to the opener fixing post 312 of the slide rack 314 by bolts 310;
  • the dumper 315 is composed of two sheet metal parts, welded on both sides of the slide rack 314, and the front edge of the thin metal plate is welded To the opener fixing column 312 of the slideway frame 314, the lower edge is flush
  • the water application device includes a water separator 121, a water delivery hose 205, a ball valve 202, and a solenoid valve 206; the water separator 121 is a cylindrical tank with an inlet 120 and an exhaust valve. 122.
  • the present invention provides a method for using a chain seedling bowl transplanter, which is characterized in that it includes a hooking method, a method for using a seedling bowl transplanting device, a method for continuously supplying seedlings from a chain seedling bowl, and a method for adjusting the width of a chute. Transplanting depth adjustment method, transplanting row spacing adjustment method, water application method, horizontal cropping method, ridge cropping method, furrow cropping method, and intercropping cropping method.
  • a method for hooking the chain seedling pot transplanter of the present invention the steps are as follows: directly hooking the chain seedling pot transplanter of the present invention to the suspension system of the power host, and the power host directly pulls the power host.
  • the chain type seedling pot transplanter in the invention is used for transplanting operations on the cultivated land. This method has lower requirements on the power of the main engine.
  • the steps are as follows: the power host is directly hooked to the rotary tiller 506, and the position of the hooking point 504 is welded under the rotary tiller.
  • the suspension arm 503 connects the lower hook 107 of the chain seedling pot transplanter of the present invention and the suspension arm 503 through a pin shaft, and the upper hook 104 of the chain seedling pot transplanter of the present invention uses a telescopic hydraulic
  • the cylinder 501 is connected to the hooking point 502 on the rotary tiller, and the telescopic hydraulic cylinder 501 is controlled by the hydraulic output system of the power host; before starting the transplanting operation, ensure that the telescopic hydraulic cylinder 501 is in a retracted state, so that the chain-type seedling bowl of the present invention can be moved
  • the hook point 107 below the transplanter is the shaft and lifted relative to the rotary tiller 506; at the beginning of the operation, the rotary tiller 506 is put down, and the rotary tiller 506 is driven by the main engine to loosen a section of cultivated land, and then the telescopic hydraulic cylinder 501 is controlled to extend ,
  • the chain seedling pot transplanter of the present invention is dropped
  • the method for using the seedling pot transplanting device of the chain seedling pot transplanter of the present invention includes the following steps: when the transplanting row spacing is less than the width of the seedling tray, a multi-layer seedling pot transplanting device is arranged, and the slideways of each layer are arranged in a staggered manner; When the transplanting row spacing is greater than the width of the seedling tray, set up a multi-layer seedling pot transplanting device, stagger the slides of each layer, or arrange the lower seedling pot transplanting device separately; before transplanting, place the seedling tray from the lower seedling tray Remove the frame 102, put it into the lower seedling tray 106, pull out the seedling pot link head from the seedling tray, the seedling pots are pulled out in turn, the chain length between the seedling pots controls the transplanting plant spacing, and the seedling pot chain is introduced
  • the lower seedling bowl guide groove 116 guided by the lower seedling bowl guide groove 116, enters the transplanting ditch opened by the opener along the lower slide 111, and fixes the seed
  • a chain seedling pot continuous seedling supply method of the chain seedling pot transplanter of the present invention has the following steps: during the transplanting process, when a small amount of seedling pots remain in the seedling tray, the operator Push all the seedling bowls in the seedling tray into the lower seedling tray 106, pull out the empty seedling tray, put in the new seedling tray, pull out the head joint of the seedling bowl chain in the new seedling tray, and connect it to the lower seedling tray.
  • the tail joints of the original seedling pot chain stored in the pallet 106 are connected so that the two seedling pot chains form a new seedling pot chain; the new seedling tray is pushed into the lower seedling tray pallet 106 to complete the connection of the seedling chain Work.
  • This continuous seedling supply method is suitable for continuous seedling supply operations under all row spacing requirements.
  • another chain-type seedling-pot continuous seedling supply method of the chain-type seedling-pot transplanter of the present invention has the following steps: when the two normal seedling-supply seedlings in the lower seedling tray pallet 106 When the distance between the trays is greater than the width of a seedling tray, place a new seedling tray on the empty space next to the seedling tray for normal seedlings, and pull out the chain tail joint of the seedling tray from the back of the seedling tray for normal seedlings to connect with the new seedling tray. Connect the head joints of the inner seedling pot chain.
  • the method for adjusting the width of the slideway of the chain seedling pot transplanter of the present invention is as follows: loosen the fixed bolts 402 of the slideway movable side plate, take the slideway movable side plate 320, according to The width of the slideway is required to increase or decrease the number of flat washers 403 between the slideway trap 401 and the lower slideway frame 314, insert the slideway movable side plate 320, and tighten the slideway movable side plate fixing bolts 402 to complete Adjustment of the width of the chute of the chute.
  • the method for adjusting the transplanting depth of the chain seedling pot transplanter of the present invention includes the following steps: adjust the height of the pressure roller 109, control the ground clearance of the chain seedling pot transplanter of the present invention, and realize the transplanting depth Preliminary control; adjust the tie rod bolt position adjustment nut 307 on the lower slideway hanger 112, change the inclination of the slideway, and adjust the position of the soil cover wheel 317 to achieve fine-tuning control of the transplanting depth.
  • the method for adjusting the transplanting row spacing of the chain-type seedling pot transplanter of the present invention includes the following steps: the transplanting row spacing of the chain-type seedling pot transplanter is determined by the distance between two adjacent slides; Open the U-shaped bolt 323 of the hanger, loosen the fixing bolts 204 of the seedling bowl guide groove, and move the lower seedling bowl guide groove 116 and the lower slideway hanger 112 synchronously along the lower slideway to hook the beam 114, so that one of the two adjacent slideways After the distance meets the requirements of the transplanting row spacing, tighten the U-shaped bolt 323 of the hanger, and tighten the seedling pot guide groove fixing bolt 204 to complete the transplanting row spacing adjustment work of the chain seedling pot transplanter.
  • the water application method of the chain seedling pot transplanter of the present invention includes the following steps: the pressurized water enters the water separator 121 through the water inlet 120, and the air is discharged through the exhaust valve 122, and the water is discharged from the water separator 121. After the pressure is balanced by the device 121, it flows out from the water outlet 201, and after adjusting the flow through the ball valve 202, it enters the inner cavity of the slide frame 314 through the water delivery hose 205 directly extending into the water injection hole 207, and finally flows into the ripper tip 311 and the slideway. In the transplanting ditch between the slideway extension plates 313 at the end, continuous watering operations are completed; this method is suitable for transplanting operations with small plant spacing and close planting.
  • Another water application method of the chain seedling pot transplanter of the present invention includes the following steps: the pressurized water enters the water separator 121 through the water inlet 120, and the air is discharged through the exhaust valve 122, and the water is discharged by the water separator. After the pressure is balanced, the device 121 flows out from the water outlet 201. After the flow is adjusted by the ball valve 202, the intermittent water flow is generated after being controlled by the solenoid valve 206. In the transplanting ditch between the slideway extension plates 313, fixed-point watering is completed to save water consumption; this method is suitable for large-scale transplanting of crops with large plant spacing.
  • Figure 7 shows the horizontal transplanting effect of the chain seedling pot transplanter of the present invention.
  • the method steps are as follows: remove the ditching plow 110, adjust the height of the pressure roller 109 according to the requirements of crop agronomy, and arrange each layer of seedlings reasonably The number of pot transplanting devices, adjust the transplanting depth and transplanting row spacing of the transplanter, select the water application method, and start the transplanting operation in the horizontal mode.
  • Figure 8 shows the ridge planting and transplanting effect of the chain seedling pot transplanter of the present invention.
  • the method steps are as follows: according to the ridge planting agronomic requirements, adjust the spacing distance and height of the ditching plow 110, and adjust the height of the pressure roller 109, which is reasonable Arrange the number of transplanting devices for each layer of seedling pots, adjust the transplanting depth and transplanting row spacing of the transplanter, and select the water application method; during the transplanting operation, the ditching plow 110 performs ditching and piling on the ground surface, and the pressure roller 109 The uplifted soil is rolled and shaped to form a ridge and furrow shape that meets the planting requirements.
  • the seedling pot transplanting device will transplant the seedling pot on the ridge platform to complete the transplanting operation in the ridge cultivation mode.
  • Figure 9 shows the effect of ditch transplanting of the chain-type seedling pot transplanter of the present invention.
  • the method steps are as follows: remove the pressure roller 109, adjust the spacing distance and height of the ditching plow 110 according to the agronomic requirements of the ditch, and use
  • the upper slide 113 replaces the lower slide 111, adjust the transplanting depth of the transplanter and the transplanting row distance, and select the water application method; during the transplanting operation, the ditching plow 110 performs the ditching and piling operation to ditch the surface soil And pile up to form a ridge and furrow shape that meets the planting requirements.
  • the seedling bowl transplanting device transplants the seedling bowl into the furrow to complete the transplanting operation in the furrow mode.
  • Figure 10 shows the effect of intercropping transplanting of the chain seedling pot transplanter of the present invention.
  • the method steps are as follows: adjust the transplanting row distance and transplanting depth of the chain seedling pot transplanter according to the agronomic requirements of intercropping , Choose the water application method; when transplanting, follow the requirements of intercropping, put the seedling tray of the crop to be intercropped into the seedling pot transplanting device for intercropping, and then follow the normal transplanting method to complete the intercropping Mode of transplanting operations.
  • the chain-type seedling pot transplanter of the present invention adopts a multi-layer structure, and each layer shares a seedling tray support plate, and is connected to multiple slides, which can produce transplanting combinations with different row spacings.
  • the overall structure is simple and the manufacturing The difficulty is small, and it is suitable for large-scale industrial manufacturing.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Transplanting Machines (AREA)

Abstract

一种链式苗钵移栽机,包括机架、整地装置、苗盘置物架(101,102)、苗钵移栽装置、施水装置。其采用多层结构,设置多层苗钵移栽装置,利用滑道(111,113)输送链式苗钵,滑道宽度、移栽行距及移栽深度可灵活调节,具有窄行距移栽能力,能够将使用链式育苗工具完成育苗的作物链式苗钵快速移栽到土壤中。该移栽机能够适应不同作物品种的各种农艺要求,完成平作、垄作、沟作、套作等不同种植模式下的移栽作业,非常适合开展大田大面积移栽作业。还公开了该移栽机的使用方法。

Description

一种链式苗钵移栽机及使用方法 技术领域
本发明属于农业机械领域,涉及移栽机械,尤其涉及一种链式苗钵移栽机。
背景技术
农作物育苗移栽种植技术在农业生产中已经得到广泛应用。移栽机械是大面积推广应用移栽种植技术的重要工具。目前常见的移栽机械,如蔬菜移栽机、大葱移栽机等,每个移栽垄上需要一名操作人员乘坐在移栽机上,将秧苗从苗盘内分离,再投喂到移栽机的投苗口,由转动部件带动移栽机构将秧苗置入土壤中。此类移栽机械人工量用大,转动部件多,机械结构复杂,安全防护性差,作业速度缓慢,每个型号的移栽机只针对一种作物,一机一用,通用性差。
技术问题
本发明的目的是:提供一种链式苗钵移栽机,采用多层结构,设置多层苗钵移栽装置,利用滑道方式输送链式苗钵,设有防护装置,可以将使用链式育苗工具完成育苗的链式苗钵快速移栽到土壤中,适合对所有运用育苗移栽种植技术的农作物开展不同种植模式下的移栽作业,一个人即可完成操作,适应性强,有效解决现有秧苗移栽机人工用量大、机械结构复杂、作业速度慢、作业效率低、通用性差、防护性差等问题。
本发明的另一个目的是:提供所述链式苗钵移栽机的使用方法,包括挂接方法、苗钵移栽装置使用方法、链式苗钵连续供苗方法、滑道滑槽宽度调整方法、移栽深度调整方法、移栽行距调整方法、施水方法、平作移栽方法、垄作移栽方法、沟作移栽方法、套作移栽方法。其主要利用所述链式苗钵移栽机,通过调整相关部件的参数,满足不同作物移栽的农艺要求,完成平作、垄作、沟作、套作等不同种植模式下的链式苗钵移栽作业,实现一机多用。
技术解决方案
本发明为实现上述目的,采取如下技术方案:一种链式苗钵移栽机,采用多层结构,设置多层苗钵移栽装置,利用滑道输送苗钵;其特征在于:包括机架、整地装置、苗盘置物架、苗钵移栽装置、施水装置。
所述机架包括大架、上挂接点、下挂接点、防护栏、格栅踏板、滑道挂接横梁、横梁固定立柱;大架为矩形钢管焊接的框架,大架两侧的矩形钢管向后伸出;上挂接点、下挂接点焊接于大架前端,实现所述链式苗钵移栽机的挂接功能;防护栏为矩形钢管焊接的框架,通过螺栓固定在大架前端,用于将操作人员与悬挂系统隔离,实现安全防护目的;大架前端底部焊有格栅踏板,操作人员可以在格栅踏板上行走,完成苗盘摆放、连接两个苗钵链之间的接头实施连续不间断供苗;滑道挂接横梁为矩形钢管,每层苗钵移栽装置设置一个,用于安装滑道;大架两侧向后伸出的矩形钢管末端设置横梁固定立柱,横梁固定立柱两端焊接与水平呈一定角度的夹板,用于固定滑道挂接横梁。横梁固定立柱可以串接,以固定多层滑道挂接横梁。
所述整地装置包括开沟犁、镇压辊;开沟犁为顶部固定伸缩调高结构,通过U型螺栓固定在大架底部的横梁上;镇压辊为侧面固定螺杆调高结构,通过U型螺栓固定在大架两侧的横梁上。
所述苗盘置物架设置上下两层,为矩形钢管、扁钢焊接成的格栅框架,通过矩形钢管固定在大架上。
所述苗钵移栽装置采用多层结构,利用交错设置多层滑道的方法,提供行距远小于育苗盘宽度的移栽能力,提高通用性;当设置为双层时,获得最小移栽行距接近二分之一苗盘宽度的移栽能力,当设置为三层时,获得最小移栽行距接近三分之一苗盘宽度的移栽能力;层数的设置与所用苗盘的宽度有关,优选的,设置上下两层,即可满足使用常用苗盘情况下大多数作物的移栽行距要求;每层苗钵移栽装置的结构相同,包括苗盘托板、苗钵导向槽、滑道挂架、滑道。
苗盘托板由面板和托架焊接而成,同一层的所有滑道共用一个苗盘托板;面板的左右两侧钣金边栏,用于拦挡苗盘和苗钵;托架为矩形钢管焊接的框架,在构成托架后边框的矩形钢管的侧面开等长的两端放大为圆孔的直槽口,螺栓的螺栓头可以通过圆孔卡在直槽口内,并可以沿直槽口移动,实现苗钵导向槽沿直槽口移动并固定的目的;苗盘托板通过矩形钢管固定在机架上。
苗钵导向槽由金属薄板加工成型,前端敞口、边栏曲面、底部平面、后端下倾;苗钵导向槽前端下沿向下钣金边栏并开圆孔,通过螺栓与苗盘托板后侧的直槽口固定;边栏为上宽下窄喇叭形曲面,曲面用于引导并扶正倾倒的苗钵;边栏前端为向前伸出舌形立板,舌形立板下沿与苗盘托板平面贴合,改变舌形立板的折弯程度,可产生不同开口宽度的喇叭口,以适配不同宽度的育苗盘;苗钵导向槽后端下倾一定角度,两侧边栏与前端边栏平滑连接,下边沿向后伸出舌形平板,舌形平板伸入滑道内,引导链式苗钵顺利进入滑道。
滑道挂架由挂架底座、拉杆螺栓固定座、挂架U型螺栓、挂架挂片、弹簧拉杆构成;挂架底座为四角开圆孔的钢板;挂架底座下面焊接拉杆螺栓固定座;挂架挂片焊接在挂架U型螺栓上,用于挂接滑道;弹簧拉杆由拉杆螺栓、弹簧、平垫圈、螺母构成,安装在挂架底座下面的拉杆螺栓固定座上;弹簧拉杆设置拉杆螺栓位置调节螺母和弹簧压力调节螺母,用于调节拉杆螺栓的伸缩长度以及弹簧压力。
滑道由滑道架、滑道固定侧板、滑道活动侧板、滑道延长板、开沟器、覆土器构成;滑道架由矩形钢管焊接而成,前端焊接由金属薄板钣金生成的连接板,连接板开上下两个圆孔,上孔构成滑道挂接点,通过销轴与滑道挂架连接,下孔构成拉杆螺栓连接座,通过销轴与弹簧拉杆进行连接,实现对滑道倾角的限位,并在弹簧的作用下使滑道与地表产生仿形效果;滑道架靠后位置侧面开注水孔,孔内插入输水软管,水通过注水孔流入移栽沟内,实现施水目的;滑道架靠后位置焊接向下的矩形钢管,构成开沟器固定立柱;滑道架两侧设置滑道固定侧板和滑道活动侧板,与滑道架上平面共同构成滑槽;滑道固定侧板为金属薄板,上沿钣金边沿增加强度,下沿焊接到滑道架注水孔所在的侧面;滑道活动侧板由滑道活板、滑道活板挂片构成,滑道活板由金属薄板钣金生成,上下沿钣金边沿增加强度,前沿钣金向外折弯的舌状立板;滑道活板挂片为槽形钣金件,上半部分钣金外翻的长边栏用于焊接固定滑道活板,下半部分钣金短边沿起增加强度作用,槽的底面开向下缺口的叉形安装孔;滑道活板挂片以一定的间隔焊接在滑道活板上,在滑道架上与叉形安装孔对应的位置开螺纹孔,拧入螺栓,螺栓上穿有一定数量的平垫圈,将滑道活板挂片插入到平垫圈中间,滑道活板挂片与滑道架之间平垫圈的数量决定了滑槽宽度,实现调整滑槽宽度的目的,以适配不同直径的链式育苗工具;滑道延长板为弧形薄钢板,焊接到滑道架后端上沿,与滑道架上平面平滑连接,将苗钵的滑行路径向后平滑延伸到移栽沟底,消除落差,使苗钵平滑进入移栽沟底部;开沟器由松土犁尖、排土器构成,松土犁尖选用通用件,通过螺栓固定在滑道架的开沟器固定立柱上;排土器由两块金属薄板钣金件构成,焊接于滑道架两侧,金属薄板前沿焊接到滑道架的开沟器固定立柱上,下沿与开沟器固定立柱下沿齐平,内侧与滑道架焊接固定;金属薄板上沿向外钣金出边栏,以增加排土器强度,边栏上平面焊接履土器固定座,履土器固定座开圆孔及与圆孔同心的圆弧槽口;覆土器为滚轮结构,由连杆和覆土轮构成,连杆前端开两个安装孔,后端焊接销轴;覆土轮安装到连杆的销轴上;连杆通过螺栓固定在履土器固定座上,通过圆弧槽口调整覆土轮的上下位置并固定,实现移栽深度调整。
所述施水装置包括分水器、输水软管、球阀、电磁阀;分水器为圆柱形罐体,设置一个进水口、一个排气阀、多个出水口,排气阀主要用于排出分水器内的空气,防止发生气阻现象;输水软管通过球阀与分水器的出水口连接,电磁阀可选安装,在靠近注水孔位置处断开输水软管,接入电磁阀;加压后的水流从进水口进入分水器,由分水器平衡压力后从出水口流出,经过球阀、电磁阀调节流量后,从注水孔进入滑道架内腔,最后流入松土犁尖与滑道末端的滑道延长板之间的移栽沟内,完成施水作业。
本发明提供一种链式苗钵移栽机的使用方法,其特征在于:包括挂接方法、苗钵移栽装置使用方法、链式苗钵连续供苗方法、滑道滑槽宽度调整方法、移栽深度调整方法、移栽行距调整方法、施水方法、平作移栽方法、垄作移栽方法、沟作移栽方法、套作移栽方法。
本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机的一种挂接方法,其步骤如下:将本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机与动力主机的悬挂系统直接挂接,由动力主机直接牵引本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机,在已耕整好的土地上进行移栽作业。此方法对动力主机功率要求较低。
本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机的另一种挂接方法,其步骤如下:动力主机与旋耕机直接挂接,在旋耕机下挂接点位置焊接悬挂臂,将本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机三点悬挂的下挂接点与焊接在旋耕机上的悬挂臂通过销轴进行挂接,本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机的上挂接点通过伸缩液压缸与旋耕机的上挂接点连接,伸缩液压缸由动力主机的液压输出系统控制;开始移栽作业前,确保伸缩液压缸呈缩回状态,使本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机以下挂接点为轴相对于旋耕机抬起;作业开始时,放下旋耕机,由动力主机驱动旋耕机前行疏松一段耕地后,再控制伸缩液压缸伸长,使本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机落下,在已旋耕好的耕地上开始移栽作业;在需要掉头时,先使伸缩液压缸缩回,使本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机以下挂接点为轴相对于旋耕机抬起,然后提起旋耕机,完成掉头后,按开始作业时的操作顺序,开始新的移栽作业。
本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机的苗钵移栽装置使用方法,其步骤如下:当移栽行距小于苗盘宽度时,设置多层苗钵移栽装置,交错布置各层滑道;当移栽行距大于苗盘宽度时,设置多层苗钵移栽装置,交错布置各层滑道,或者只设置某一层苗钵移栽装置;移栽作业前,将苗盘从苗盘置物架上取下,放入苗盘托板内,从苗盘内拉出苗钵链接头,苗钵依次被拉出,苗钵间的链长控制了移栽株距,将苗钵链引入苗钵导向槽,在苗钵导向槽的引导下沿滑道进入由开沟器开好的移栽沟内,将苗钵链固定在土壤中,完成移栽准备工作;进行移栽作业时,本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机向前行进,在苗钵链的牵引下,苗盘内的链式苗钵被依次拉出,经过苗钵导向槽扶正后,沿着滑道进入由开沟器开好的移栽沟内,由履土轮进行土壤回填及压实,完成秧苗的移栽定植工作。当进行作业转场时,或者部分种植行不需要进行移栽时,取下与该种植行相对应的滑道上的拉杆螺栓连接座内的销轴,将滑道抬起并固定在苗盘置物架上。
本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机的一种链式苗钵连续供苗方法,其步骤如下:移栽过程中,当苗盘内剩余少量苗钵时,操作人员将苗盘内的苗钵全部推入到苗盘托板内,抽出空的苗盘,放入新的苗盘,拉出新苗盘内苗钵链的头部接头,与苗盘托板内存放的原有苗钵链的尾部接头连接好,使两个苗钵链形成一条新的苗钵链;将新苗盘推入苗盘托板,完成供苗链的连接工作。此连续供苗方法适用于所有行距要求下连续供苗作业。
本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机的另一种链式苗钵连续供苗方法,其步骤如下:当同一层苗盘托板内的两个正常供苗的苗盘之间的距离大于一个苗盘宽度时,在正常供苗的苗盘旁边的空位上放一个新的苗盘,从正常供苗的苗盘后面拉出苗钵链尾部接头,与新的苗盘内的苗钵链头部接头进行连接,当正常供苗的苗盘内的苗钵用光,新苗盘内的苗钵开始被依次拉出时,立即取下空苗盘,将正在供苗的苗盘平移到空出的正常供苗位置,再次空出的位置放入新的苗盘,开始新一次的连接工作,实现供苗链的连接工作。此连续供苗方法适用于移栽行距较大的作物移栽作业。
本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机的滑道滑槽宽度调整方法,其步骤如下:松开滑道活动侧板固定螺栓,取下滑道活动侧板,根据滑道滑槽宽度要求,增减滑道活板挂片与滑道架之间平垫圈的数量,插入滑道活动侧板,柠紧滑道活动侧板固定螺栓,完成滑道滑槽宽度的调整工作。
本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机的移栽深度调整方法,其步骤如下:调整镇压辊的高度,控制本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机的离地高度,实现移栽深度的初步控制;调整滑道挂架上的拉杆螺栓位置调节螺母,改变滑道的倾角,同时配合调整覆土轮位置,实现移栽深度的微调控制。
本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机的移栽行距调整方法,其步骤如下:所述链式苗钵移栽机的移栽行距由相邻的两个滑道之间的距离确定;松开挂架U型螺栓,松开苗钵导向槽固定螺栓,沿滑道挂接横梁同步移动苗钵导向槽和滑道挂架,使相邻两个滑道之间的距离符合移栽行距要求后,拧紧挂架U型螺栓,拧紧苗钵导向槽固定螺栓,完成所述链式苗钵移栽机的移栽行距调整工作。
本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机的一种施水方法,其步骤如下:经加压后的水通过进水口进入分水器,经排气阀排出空气,由分水器平衡压力后从出水口流出,经过球阀调节流量后,通过直接伸入注水孔内的输水软管进入滑道架内腔,最后流入松土犁尖与滑道末端的滑道延长板之间的移栽沟内,完成连续施水作业;此方法适用于小株距密植移栽作业。
本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机的另一种施水方法,其步骤如下:经加压后的水通过进水口进入分水器,经排气阀排出空气,由分水器平衡压力后从出水口流出,经过球阀调节流量后,通过安装在靠近注水孔位置的电磁阀控制后产生间断水流,间断水流进入滑道架内腔,最后流入松土犁尖与滑道末端的滑道延长板之间的移栽沟内,完成定点施水作业,以节约用水量;此方法适用于大株距作物大田大面积移栽作业。
本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机的平作移栽方法,其步骤如下:取下开沟犁,按照作物农艺要求调整镇压辊的高度,合理布置每一层苗钵移栽装置的数量,调整移栽机的移栽深度与移栽行距,选择施水方法,开始平作模式的移栽作业。
本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机的垄作移栽方法,其步骤如下:按照垄作农艺要求,调整开沟犁的间隔距离和高度,调整镇压辊的高度,合理布置每一层苗钵移栽装置的数量,调整移栽机的移栽深度与移栽行距,选择施水方法;移栽作业时,开沟犁对地表进行开沟堆土作业,镇压辊对隆起的土壤碾压整形,形成符合种植要求的垄沟形状,苗钵移栽装置将苗钵移栽到垄台上,完成垄作模式的移栽作业。
本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机的沟作移栽方法,其步骤如下:取下镇压辊,按照沟作农艺要求调整开沟犁的间隔距离和高度,用上层滑道替换下层滑道,调整移栽机的移栽深度与移栽行距,选择施水方法;移栽作业时,开沟犁进行开沟堆土作业,将地表的土壤开沟并堆积,形成符合种植要求的垄沟形状,苗钵移栽装置将苗钵移栽到垄沟内,完成沟作模式的移栽作业。
本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机的套作移栽方法,其步骤如下:按照套作农艺要求调整所述链式苗钵移栽机的移栽行距和移栽深度,选择施水方法;移栽作业时,按照套作要求,在进行套作的苗钵移栽装置内放入所要套作种植的作物育苗秧盘,然后按照正常的移栽方法,完成套作模式的移栽作业。
本发明的优点在于:所述一种链式苗钵移栽机,采用多层结构,设置多层苗钵移栽装置,利用滑道方式输送链式苗钵,结构简洁,不存在复杂的转动结构,能够将使用链式育苗工具完成育苗的作物链式苗钵快速移栽到土壤中;设有施水装置,可以与旋耕机挂接,一次性完成耕地、施水、移栽作业;所述链式苗钵移栽机一机多用,能够适应不同作物品种的各种农艺要求,完成平作、垄作、沟作、套作等不同种植模式下的移栽作业,节省用工量,作业效率高,非常适合开展大田大面积移栽作业。
有益效果
本发明的优点在于:所述一种链式苗钵移栽机,采用多层结构,设置多层苗钵移栽装置,利用滑道方式输送链式苗钵,结构简洁,不存在复杂的转动结构,能够将使用链式育苗工具完成育苗的作物链式苗钵快速移栽到土壤中;设有施水装置,可以与旋耕机挂接,一次性完成耕地、施水、移栽作业;所述链式苗钵移栽机一机多用,能够适应不同作物品种的各种农艺要求,完成平作、垄作、沟作、套作等不同种植模式下的移栽作业,节省用工量,作业效率高,非常适合开展大田大面积移栽作业。
附图说明
图1是链式苗钵移栽机三层实例的整机结构示意图。
图2是链式苗钵移栽机双层实例的整机结构示意图。
图3是链式苗钵移栽机的苗钵移栽装置结构示意图。
图4是链式苗钵移栽机的滑道结构分解示意图。
图5是链式苗钵移栽机的滑道滑槽宽度调整方法示意图。
图6是链式苗钵移栽机的苗钵移栽装置连续供苗方法示意图。
图7是链式苗钵移栽机进行平作移栽种植时的效果示意图。
图8是链式苗钵移栽机进行垄作移栽种植时的效果示意图。
图9是链式苗钵移栽机进行沟作移栽种植时的效果示意图。
图10是链式苗钵移栽机进行套作移栽种植时的效果示意图。
图中:101上层苗盘置物架、102下层苗盘置物架、103防护栏、104上挂接点、105上层苗盘托板、106下层苗盘托板、107下挂接点、108大架、109镇压辊、110开沟犁、111下层滑道、112下层滑道挂架、113上层滑道、114下层滑道挂接横梁、115横梁固定立柱、116下层苗钵导向槽、117上层滑道挂架、118上层滑道挂接横梁、119上层苗钵导向槽、120进水口、121分水器、122排气阀、201出水口、202球阀、203直槽口、204苗钵导向槽固定螺栓、205输水软管、206电磁阀、207注水孔、301滑道挂接点、302拉杆螺栓连接座、303挂架底座、304拉杆螺栓固定座、305弹簧、306弹簧压力调节螺母、307拉杆螺栓位置调节螺母、308拉杆螺栓、309销轴A、310螺栓、311松土犁尖、312开沟器固定立柱、313滑道延长板、314滑道架、315排土器、316履土器固定座、317覆土轮、318连杆、319滑道固定侧板、320滑道活动侧板、321销轴B、322挂架挂片、323挂架U型螺栓、401滑道活板挂片、402滑道活动侧板固定螺栓、403平垫圈、404滑道活板、501伸缩液压缸、502旋耕机上挂接点、503悬挂臂、504旋耕机下挂接点、505格栅踏板、506旋耕机。
本发明的最佳实施方式
图1示出了本发明的三层结构实施实例,图2示出了本发明的双层结构实施实例。三层结构实施实例和双层结构实施实例的结构特征基本相同。优选的,双层结构实施实例即可满足使用常用苗盘情况下大多数作物的移栽行距要求。因此,以双层结构实施实例为最佳实施方式。
本发明的实施方式
下面结合附图以双层结构实施实例为例,对本发明的具体实施方式进一步详细描述。
如图1所示,本发明所述一种链式苗钵移栽机,包括机架、整地装置、苗盘置物架、苗钵移栽装置、施水装置。
所述机架包括大架108、上挂接点104、下挂接点107、防护栏103、格栅踏板505、上层滑道挂接横梁118、下层滑道挂接横梁114、横梁固定立柱115。大架108为矩形钢管焊接的框架,大架108两侧的矩形钢管向后伸出;上挂接点104、下挂接点107焊接于大架108前端,实现所述链式苗钵移栽机的挂接功能;防护栏103为矩形钢管焊接的框架,通过螺栓固定在大架108前端,用于将操作人员与悬挂系统隔离,实现安全防护目的;大架108前端底部焊有格栅踏板505,操作人员可以在格栅踏板505上行走,完成苗盘摆放、连接两个苗钵链之间的接头实施连续不间断供苗;上层滑道挂接横梁118、下层滑道挂接横梁114为矩形钢管;大架108两侧向后伸出的矩形钢管末端设置横梁固定立柱115,横梁固定立柱115两端分别焊接与水平呈一定角度的夹板,用于固定上层滑道挂接横梁118和下层滑道挂接横梁114。
所述整地装置包括开沟犁110、镇压辊109;开沟犁110为顶部固定伸缩调高结构,通过U型螺栓固定在大架108底部的横梁上;镇压辊109为侧面固定螺杆调高结构,通过U型螺栓固定在大架108两侧的横梁上。
上层苗盘置物架101、下层苗盘置物架102通过矩形钢管固定在大架108上。
所述苗钵移栽装置采用多层结构,利用交错设置多层滑道的方法,提供行距远小于育苗盘宽度的移栽能力,提高通用性;每层苗钵移栽装置的结构相同,这里仅描述下层苗钵移栽装置的实施方式。
如图3所示,下层苗钵移栽装置包括下层苗盘托板106、下层苗钵导向槽116、下层滑道挂架112、下层滑道111。
下层苗盘托板106由面板和托架焊接而成,本层共用一个苗盘托板;面板左右两侧钣金边栏,用于拦挡苗盘和苗钵;托架为矩形钢管焊接的框架,在构成托架后边框的矩形钢管的侧面开等长的两端放大为圆孔的直槽口203,螺栓的螺栓头可以通过圆孔卡在直槽口203内,并可以沿直槽口203移动,实现下层苗钵导向槽116沿直槽口203移动并固定的目的;下层苗盘托板106通过矩形钢管固定在机架上。
下层苗钵导向槽116由金属薄板加工成型,前端敞口、边栏曲面、底部平面、后端下倾;下层苗钵导向槽116前端下沿向下钣金边栏并开圆孔,通过苗钵导向槽固定螺栓204与下层苗盘托板106后侧的直槽口203固定;边栏为上宽下窄喇叭形曲面,曲面用于引导并扶正倾倒的苗钵;边栏前端为向前伸出舌形立板,舌形立板下沿与下层苗盘托板106平面贴合,改变舌形立板的折弯程度,可产生不同开口宽度的喇叭口,以适配不同宽度的育苗盘;下层苗钵导向槽116后端下倾一定角度,两侧边栏与前端边栏平滑连接,下边沿向后伸出舌形平板,舌形平板伸入下层滑道111内,引导链式苗钵顺利进入下层滑道111。
如图4所示,下层滑道挂架112由挂架底座303、拉杆螺栓固定座304、挂架U型螺栓323、挂架挂片322、弹簧拉杆构成;挂架底座303为四角开圆孔的钢板;挂架底座303下面焊接拉杆螺栓固定座304;挂架挂片322焊接在挂架U型螺栓323上,用于挂接下层滑道111;弹簧拉杆由拉杆螺栓308、弹簧305、平垫圈、螺母构成,安装在挂架底座303下面的拉杆螺栓固定座304上;弹簧拉杆设置拉杆螺栓位置调节螺母307和弹簧压力调节螺母306,用于调节拉杆螺栓308的伸缩长度以及弹簧305的压力。
如图4所示,下层滑道111由滑道架314、滑道固定侧板319、滑道活动侧板320、滑道延长板313、开沟器、覆土器构成,滑道架314由矩形钢管焊接而成,前端焊接由金属薄板钣金生成的连接板,连接板开上下两个圆孔,上孔构成滑道挂接点301,通过销轴B321与挂架挂片322连接,下孔构成拉杆螺栓连接座302,通过销轴A309与拉杆螺栓308进行连接,实现对下层滑道111倾角的限位,并在弹簧的作用下使下层滑道111与地表产生仿形效果;滑道架314靠后位置侧面开注水孔207,孔内插入输水软管205,水通过注水孔207流入移栽沟内,实现施水目的;滑道架314靠后位置焊接向下的矩形钢管,构成开沟器固定立柱312;滑道架314两侧设置滑道固定侧板319和滑道活动侧板320,与滑道架314上平面共同构成滑道滑槽;滑道固定侧板319为金属薄板,上沿钣金边沿增加强度,下沿焊接到滑道架314注水孔207所在的侧面;滑道活动侧板320由滑道活板404、滑道活板挂片401构成,滑道活板404由金属薄板钣金生成,上下沿钣金边沿增加强度,前沿钣金向外折弯的舌状立板;滑道活板挂片401为槽形钣金件,上半部分钣金外翻的长边栏用于焊接固定滑道活板,下半部分钣金短边沿起增加强度作用,槽的底面开向下缺口的叉形安装孔;滑道活板挂片401以一定的间隔焊接在滑道活板404上,在滑道架314上与叉形安装孔对应的位置开螺纹孔,拧入滑道活动侧板固定螺栓402,滑道活动侧板固定螺栓402上穿有一定数量的平垫圈403,将滑道活板挂片401插入到平垫圈403中间,滑道活板挂片401与滑道架314之间的平垫圈403的数量决定了下层滑道111的滑槽宽度,实现调整滑道滑槽宽度的目的,以适配不同直径的链式育苗工具;滑道延长板313为弧形薄钢板,焊接到滑道架314后端上沿,与滑道架314上平面平滑连接,将苗钵的滑行路径向后平滑延伸到移栽沟底,消除落差,使苗钵平滑进入移栽沟底部;开沟器由松土犁尖311、排土器315构成,松土犁尖311选用通用件,通过螺栓310固定在滑道架314的开沟器固定立柱312上;排土器315由两块金属薄板钣金件构成,焊接于滑道架314两侧,金属薄板前沿焊接到滑道架314的开沟器固定立柱312上,下沿与开沟器固定立柱312下沿齐平,内侧与滑道架314焊接固定;金属薄板上沿向外钣金出边栏,以增加排土器315强度,边栏上平面焊接履土器固定座316,履土器固定座316开圆孔及与圆孔同心的圆弧槽口;覆土器为滚轮结构,由连杆318和覆土轮317构成,连杆318前端开两个安装孔,后端焊接销轴;覆土轮317安装到连杆318的销轴上;连杆318通过螺栓固定在履土器固定座316上,通过圆弧槽口调整覆土轮317的上下位置并固定,实现移栽深度调整。
如图3所示,所述施水装置包括分水器121、输水软管205、球阀202、电磁阀206;分水器121为圆柱形罐体,设置一个进水口120、一个排气阀122、多个出水口201,排气阀121排出分水器内的空气,防止发生气阻现象;输水软管205通过球阀202与分水器121的出水口201连接,电磁阀206可选安装,在靠近注水孔207位置处断开输水软管205,接入电磁阀206;加压后的水流从进水口120进入分水器121,经排气阀122排出空气,由分水器121平衡压力后从出水口201流出,经过球阀202、电磁阀206调节流量后,从注水孔207进入滑道架314内腔,最后流入松土犁尖311与滑道末端的滑道延长板313之间的移栽沟内,完成施水作业。
本发明提供一种链式苗钵移栽机的使用方法,其特征在于:包括挂接方法、苗钵移栽装置使用方法、链式苗钵连续供苗方法、滑道滑槽宽度调整方法、移栽深度调整方法、移栽行距调整方法、施水方法、平作移栽方法、垄作移栽方法、沟作移栽方法、套作移栽方法。
本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机的一种挂接方法,其步骤如下:将本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机与动力主机的悬挂系统直接挂接,由动力主机直接牵引本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机,在已耕整好的土地上进行移栽作业。此方法对动力主机功率要求较低。
如图7所示,本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机的另一种挂接方法,其步骤如下:动力主机与旋耕机506直接挂接,在旋耕机下挂接点504位置焊接悬挂臂503,将本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机下挂接点107与悬挂臂503通过销轴进行挂接,本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机的上挂接点104通过伸缩液压缸501与旋耕机上挂接点502连接,伸缩液压缸501由动力主机的液压输出系统控制;开始移栽作业前,确保伸缩液压缸501呈缩回状态,使本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机以下挂接点107为轴相对于旋耕机506抬起;作业开始时,放下旋耕机506,由动力主机驱动旋耕机506前行疏松一段耕地后,再控制伸缩液压缸501伸长,使本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机落下,在已旋耕好的耕地上开始移栽作业;在需要掉头时,先使伸缩液压缸501缩回,使本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机以下挂接点107为轴相对于旋耕机506抬起,然后提起旋耕机506,完成掉头后,按开始作业时的操作顺序,开始新的移栽作业。
本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机的苗钵移栽装置使用方法,其步骤如下:当移栽行距小于苗盘宽度时,设置多层苗钵移栽装置,交错布置各层滑道;当移栽行距大于苗盘宽度时,设置多层苗钵移栽装置,交错布置各层的滑道,或者单独布置下层苗钵移栽装置;移栽作业前,将苗盘从下层苗盘置物架102上取下,放入下层苗盘托板106内,从苗盘内拉出苗钵链接头,苗钵依次被拉出,苗钵间的链长控制了移栽株距,将苗钵链引入下层苗钵导向槽116,在下层苗钵导向槽116的引导下沿下层滑道111进入由开沟器开好的移栽沟内,将苗钵链固定在土壤中,完成移栽准备工作;进行移栽作业时,本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机向前行进,在苗钵链的牵引下,苗盘内的链式苗钵被依次拉出,经过下层苗钵导向槽116扶正后,沿着下层滑道111进入由开沟器开好的移栽沟内,由履土轮317进行土壤回填及压实,完成秧苗的移栽定植工作。当进行作业转场时,或者部分种植行不需要进行移栽时,取下对应滑道上的拉杆螺栓连接座302内的销轴A309,将滑道抬起并固定在下层苗盘置物架102上。
如图6所示,本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机的一种链式苗钵连续供苗方法,其步骤如下:移栽过程中,当苗盘内剩余少量苗钵时,操作人员将苗盘内的苗钵全部推入到下层苗盘托板106内,抽出空的苗盘,放入新的苗盘,拉出新苗盘内苗钵链的头部接头,与下层苗盘托板106内存放的原有苗钵链的尾部接头连接好,使两个苗钵链形成一条新的苗钵链;将新苗盘推入下层苗盘托板106,完成供苗链的连接工作。此连续供苗方法适用于所有行距要求下连续供苗作业。
如图6所示,本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机的另一种链式苗钵连续供苗方法,其步骤如下:当下层苗盘托板106内的两个正常供苗的苗盘之间的距离大于一个苗盘宽度时,在正常供苗的苗盘旁边的空位上放一个新的苗盘,从正常供苗的苗盘后面拉出苗钵链尾部接头,与新的苗盘内的苗钵链头部接头进行连接,当正常供苗的苗盘内的苗钵用光,新苗盘内的苗钵开始被依次拉出时,立即取下空苗盘,将正在供苗的苗盘平移到空出的正常供苗位置,再次空出的位置放入新的苗盘,开始新一次的连接工作,实现供苗链的连接工作。此连续供苗方法适用于移栽行距较大的作物移栽作业。
如图5所示,本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机的滑道滑槽宽度调整方法,其步骤如下:松开滑道活动侧板固定螺栓402,取下滑道活动侧板320,根据滑道滑槽宽度要求,增减滑道活板挂片401与下层滑道架314之间平垫圈403的数量,插入滑道活动侧板320,柠紧滑道活动侧板固定螺栓402,完成滑道滑槽宽度的调整工作。
本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机的移栽深度调整方法,其步骤如下:调整镇压辊109的高度,控制本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机的离地高度,实现移栽深度的初步控制;调整下层滑道挂架112上的拉杆螺栓位置调节螺母307,改变滑道的倾角,同时配合调整覆土轮317位置,实现移栽深度的微调控制。
本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机的移栽行距调整方法,其步骤如下:所述链式苗钵移栽机的移栽行距由相邻的两个滑道之间的距离确定;松开挂架U型螺栓323,松开苗钵导向槽固定螺栓204,沿下层滑道挂接横梁114同步移动下层苗钵导向槽116和下层滑道挂架112,使相邻两个滑道之间的距离符合移栽行距要求后,拧紧挂架U型螺栓323,拧紧苗钵导向槽固定螺栓204,完成所述链式苗钵移栽机的移栽行距调整工作。
本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机的一种施水方法,其步骤如下:经加压后的水通过进水口120进入分水器121,经排气阀排122出空气,由分水器121平衡压力后从出水口201流出,经过球阀202调节流量后,通过直接伸入注水孔207内的输水软管205进入滑道架314内腔,最后流入松土犁尖311与滑道末端的滑道延长板313之间的移栽沟内,完成连续施水作业;此方法适用于小株距密植移栽作业。
本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机的另一种施水方法,其步骤如下:经加压后的水通过进水口120进入分水器121,经排气阀122排出空气,由分水器121平衡压力后从出水口201流出,经过球阀202调节流量后,通过电磁阀206控制后产生间断水流,间断水流进入滑道架314内腔,最后流入松土犁尖311与滑道末端的滑道延长板313之间的移栽沟内,完成定点施水作业,以节约用水量;此方法适用于大株距作物大田大面积移栽作业。
图7示出了本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机的平作移栽效果,方法步骤如下:取下开沟犁110,按照作物农艺要求调整镇压辊109的高度,合理布置每一层苗钵移栽装置的数量,调整移栽机的移栽深度与移栽行距,选择施水方法,开始平作模式的移栽作业。
图8示出了本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机的垄作移栽效果,方法步骤如下:按照垄作农艺要求,调整开沟犁110的间隔距离和高度,调整镇压辊109的高度,合理布置每一层苗钵移栽装置的数量,调整移栽机的移栽深度与移栽行距,选择施水方法;移栽作业时,开沟犁110对地表进行开沟堆土作业,镇压辊109对隆起的土壤碾压整形,形成符合种植要求的垄沟形状,苗钵移栽装置将苗钵移栽到垄台上,完成垄作模式的移栽作业。
图9示出了本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机的沟作移栽效果,方法步骤如下:取下镇压辊109,按照沟作农艺要求调整开沟犁110的间隔距离和高度,用上层滑道113替换下层滑道111,调整移栽机的移栽深度与移栽行距,选择施水方法;移栽作业时,开沟犁110进行开沟堆土作业,将地表的土壤开沟并堆积,形成符合种植要求的垄沟形状,苗钵移栽装置将苗钵移栽到垄沟内,完成沟作模式的移栽作业。
图10示出了本发明所述链式苗钵移栽机的套作移栽效果,方法步骤如下:按照套作农艺要求调整所述链式苗钵移栽机的移栽行距和移栽深度,选择施水方法;移栽作业时,按照套作要求,在进行套作的苗钵移栽装置内放入所要套作种植的作物育苗秧盘,然后按照正常的移栽方法,完成套作模式的移栽作业。
工业实用性
本发明所述的链式苗钵移栽机,采用多层结构,每一层共用一个苗盘托板,对接多个滑道的方式,可以产生不同行距的移栽组合,整体结构简洁,制造难度小,适合大规模工业化制造。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种链式苗钵移栽机,其特征在于:采用多层结构,设置多层苗钵移栽装置,利用滑道方式输送链式苗钵,所述链式苗钵移栽机包括机架、整地装置、苗盘置物架、苗钵移栽装置、施水装置;
      机架由大架(108)、上挂接点(104)、下挂接点(107)、防护栏(103)、格栅踏板(505)、滑道挂接横梁(114、118)、横梁固定立柱(115)构成;
      整地装置由开沟犁(110)、镇压辊(109)构成;
      苗盘置物架(101、102)设置上下两层,为矩形钢管、扁钢焊接成的格栅框架;
      苗钵移栽装置采用多层结构,交错设置多层滑道,每层苗钵移栽装置的结构相同,由苗盘托板(105、106)、苗钵导向槽(116、119)、滑道挂架(112、117)、滑道(111、113)构成;
      施水装置由分水器(121)、输水软管(205)、球阀(202)、电磁阀(206)构成。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种链式苗钵移栽机,其特征在于:
      苗盘托板(105、106)由面板和托架构成,同一层的所有滑道共用一个苗盘托板;托架为矩形钢管焊接的框架,在构成托架后边框的矩形钢管的侧面开等长的两端放大为圆孔的直槽口(203),螺栓的螺栓头通过圆孔卡在直槽口(203)内。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种链式苗钵移栽机,其特征在于:
      苗钵导向槽(116、119)由金属薄板加工成型,前端敞口、边栏曲面、底部平面、后端下倾;苗钵导向槽(116、119)前端下沿向下钣金边栏并开圆孔;前端边栏为上宽下窄的喇叭形曲面,向前伸出舌形立板,舌形立板下沿与苗盘托板(105、106)平面贴合;苗钵导向槽(116、119)后端下倾一定角度,两侧边栏与前端边栏平滑连接,下边沿向后伸出舌形平板,舌形平板伸入滑道(111、113)内。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种链式苗钵移栽机,其特征在于:
      滑道挂架(112、117)由挂架底座(303)、拉杆螺栓固定座(304)、挂架U型螺栓(323)、挂架挂片(322)、弹簧拉杆构成;挂架底座(303)为四角开圆孔的钢板,挂架底座(303)下面焊接拉杆螺栓固定座(304);挂架挂片(322)焊接在挂架U型螺栓(323)上;弹簧拉杆由拉杆螺栓(308)、弹簧(305)、平垫圈、螺母构成,固定在拉杆螺栓固定座(304)上,通过销柱A(309)与拉杆螺栓连接座(302)连接;弹簧拉杆设置拉杆螺栓位置调节螺母(307)和弹簧压力调节螺母(306)。
  5. 在根据权利要求1所述的一种链式苗钵移栽机,其特征在于:
      滑道(111、113)由滑道架(314)、滑道固定侧板(319)、滑道活动侧板(320)、滑道延长板(313)、开沟器、覆土器构成;滑道架(314)由矩形钢管焊接而成,前端焊接连接板,连接板开上下两个圆孔,上孔构成滑道挂接点(301),下孔构成拉杆螺栓连接座(302);滑道架(314)靠后位置侧面开注水孔(207),输水软管(205)插入注水孔(207)内;滑道架(314)靠后位置焊接向下的矩形钢管,构成开沟器固定立柱(312);滑道架(314)两侧设置滑道固定侧板(319)和滑道活动侧板(320),与滑道架(314)上平面共同构成滑槽;滑道固定侧板(319)为金属薄板,上沿钣金边沿,下沿焊接到滑道架(314)注水孔(207)所在的侧面;滑道活动侧板(320)由滑道活板(404)、滑道活板挂片(401)构成,滑道活板(404)由金属薄板钣金生成,上下沿钣金边沿,前沿钣金向外折弯的舌状立板;滑道活板挂片(401)为槽形钣金件,上半部分钣金外翻的长边栏,下半部分钣金短边栏,槽的底面开向下缺口的叉形安装孔;滑道活板挂片(401)以一定的间隔焊接在滑道活板(404)上,滑道架(314)对应位置开螺纹孔,拧入滑道活动侧板固定螺栓(402),滑道活动侧板固定螺栓(402)上穿一定数量的平垫圈(403),滑道活板挂片(401)固定在平垫圈(403)中间;滑道延长板(313)为弧形薄钢板,焊接到滑道架(314)后端上沿,与滑道架(314)上平面平滑连接;排土器(315)由两块金属薄板钣金件构成,焊接于滑道架(314)两侧,金属薄板前沿焊接到滑道架(314)的开沟器固定立柱(312)上,下沿与开沟器固定立柱(312)下沿齐平,内侧与滑道架(314)焊接固定;金属薄板上沿向外钣金出边栏,边栏上平面焊接履土器固定座(316),履土器固定座(316)开圆孔及与圆孔同心的圆弧槽口。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种链式苗钵移栽机,其特征在于:
      分水器(121)为圆柱形罐体,设置一个进水口(120)、一个排气阀(122)、多个出水口(201);输水软管(205)通过球阀(202)与分水器(121)的出水口(201)连接后,直接插入注水孔(207);电磁阀(206)可选安装,在靠近注水孔(207)位置处断开输水软管(205)接入电磁阀(206)。
  7. 一种链式苗钵移栽机使用方法,其特征在于:包括链式苗钵连续供苗方法、滑道滑槽宽度调整方法、移栽深度调整方法、移栽行距调整方法、施水方法、平作移栽方法、垄作移栽方法、沟作移栽方法、套作移栽方法。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种链式苗钵移栽机使用方法,其特征在于:
      所述链式苗钵移栽机的滑道滑槽宽度调整方法,其步骤如下:松开滑道活动侧板固定螺栓(402),取下滑道活动侧板(320),根据滑道滑槽宽度要求,增减滑道活板挂片(401)与滑道架(314)之间平垫圈(403)的数量,插入滑道活动侧板(320),柠紧滑道活动侧板固定螺栓(402),完成滑道滑槽宽度的调整工作。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的一种链式苗钵移栽机使用方法,其特征在于:
      所述链式苗钵移栽机的施水方法,其步骤如下:经加压后的水通过进水口(120)进入分水器(121),经排气阀(122)排出空气,由分水器(121)平衡压力后从出水口(201)流出,经过球阀(202)调节流量后,通过直接伸入注水孔(207)内的输水软管(205)进入滑道架(314)内腔后,流入松土犁尖(311)与滑道延长板(313)之间的移栽沟内,完成连续施水作业。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的一种链式苗钵移栽机使用方法,其特征在于:
      所述链式苗钵移栽机的另一种施水方法,其步骤如下:经加压后的水通过进水口(120)进入分水器(121),经排气阀(122)排出空气,由分水器(121)平衡压力后从出水口(201)流出,经过球阀(202)调节流量后,通过安装在靠近注水孔(207)位置的电磁阀(206)控制后产生间断水流,间断水流进入滑道架(314)内腔后,流入松土犁尖(311)与滑道延长板(313)之间的移栽沟内,完成定点施水作业。
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