WO2021253278A1 - 一种触觉传感器、制备方法及包括触觉传感器的智能设备 - Google Patents

一种触觉传感器、制备方法及包括触觉传感器的智能设备 Download PDF

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WO2021253278A1
WO2021253278A1 PCT/CN2020/096552 CN2020096552W WO2021253278A1 WO 2021253278 A1 WO2021253278 A1 WO 2021253278A1 CN 2020096552 W CN2020096552 W CN 2020096552W WO 2021253278 A1 WO2021253278 A1 WO 2021253278A1
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layer
flexible electrode
electrode layer
away
polymer film
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PCT/CN2020/096552
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李晖
罗泽邦
王磊
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中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院
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Priority to PCT/CN2020/096552 priority Critical patent/WO2021253278A1/zh
Publication of WO2021253278A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021253278A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01LMEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/14Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in capacitance or inductance of electrical elements, e.g. by measuring variations of frequency of electrical oscillators

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  • the invention relates to a flexible tactile sensor, particularly a tactile sensor for applications such as medical robots, a preparation method thereof, and an intelligent device including the tactile sensor.
  • the length l, width w and height h of the microfluidic channel are 15mm, 500um and 80um respectively.
  • Go graphene oxide
  • the flexible microfluidic tactile sensor based on the GO nanosuspension is completed.
  • the device has high flexibility, can withstand a variety of deformation modes, and can distinguish various mechanical forces experienced by the user, including pressure, stretching, and bending.
  • the above-mentioned sensors can basically sense the external pressure, there is no flexible tactile sensor that can simultaneously have the characteristics of high accuracy, large sensing range and high sensitivity, making it unsuitable for medical surgical robots. .
  • a method for preparing a tactile sensor and a smart device are also provided.
  • a tactile sensor includes a convex layer, a polymer film layer, a first flexible electrode layer, and a second flexible electrode layer.
  • the convex layer includes a film body and arrays formed on one side of the film body.
  • the polymer film layer is arranged on one end of the plurality of protrusions away from the film body, and the first flexible electrode layer is arranged on the polymer film layer away from the film body.
  • the second flexible electrode layer is arranged on the side of the film body away from the convex layer, wherein the material of the convex layer is a flexible material, and the first flexible electrode layer is prepared.
  • the materials of the flexible electrode layer and the second flexible electrode layer include carbon nanotubes and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonic acid.
  • the polymer film layer includes a polyvinylidene fluoride layer and a polydimethylsiloxane layer formed on one side of the polyvinylidene fluoride layer.
  • the side of the oxane layer away from the polyvinylidene fluoride layer faces the plurality of protrusions, and the first flexible electrode is disposed on the polyvinylidene fluoride layer away from the polydimethylsiloxane layer On one side
  • the material of the protruding layer is polydimethylsiloxane.
  • the plurality of protrusions are all cylindrical, conical, triangular or spring-shaped.
  • each of the protrusions has a diameter of 20-100 microns and a height of 20-100 microns.
  • it further includes a first PBAT layer disposed between the first flexible electrode layer and the polymer film layer, and a second PBAT layer disposed between the second flexible electrode layer and the film body.
  • PBAT layer disposed between the first flexible electrode layer and the polymer film layer
  • second PBAT layer disposed between the second flexible electrode layer and the film body.
  • the carbon nanotubes are multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
  • a preparation method of a tactile sensor includes the following steps:
  • the raised layer comprising a film body and a plurality of projections arranged in an array formed on one side of the film body;
  • a first flexible electrode layer is provided on the side of the polymer film layer away from the protrusions, wherein the material for preparing the first flexible electrode layer includes carbon nanotubes and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy) Thiophene)-polystyrene sulfonic acid; and
  • a second flexible electrode layer is provided on the side of the film body away from the convex layer, wherein the material of the second flexible electrode layer includes carbon nanotubes and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) -Polystyrene sulfonic acid.
  • the step of making the raised layer includes: coating a polydimethylsiloxane solution containing a basic prepolymer and a cross-linking agent on the mold, and after heating and curing, and the The mold is separated to obtain the convex layer.
  • the polymer film layer includes a polyvinylidene fluoride layer and a polydimethylsiloxane layer formed on one side of the polyvinylidene fluoride layer;
  • the step of disposing a polymer film layer on one end of the plurality of protrusions away from the film body includes: applying the polydimethylsiloxane layer of the polymer film layer and the Plasma treatment is performed on the convex end away from the film body, and then the side of the polyvinylidene fluoride film on which the polydimethylsiloxane layer is formed and the convex end away from the film body One end of the film is attached to each other to provide the polymer film layer on the end of the plurality of protrusions away from the film body.
  • the method further includes the step of preparing the polymer film layer, and the step of preparing the polymer film layer includes: coating a polydimethylsiloxane solution containing a basic prepolymer and a crosslinking agent. Coating on one side of the polyvinylidene fluoride film and curing by heating to form a polydimethylsiloxane layer on the polyvinylidene fluoride film to obtain the polymer film layer.
  • the first flexible electrode layer is provided on the side of the polymer film layer away from the protrusions and the first flexible electrode layer is provided on the side of the film body away from the protrusions.
  • the step of arranging the second flexible electrode layer includes:
  • the first flexible electrode layer and the second flexible electrode layer are respectively placed on the side of the polymer film layer away from the protrusion and the side of the film body away from the protrusion layer, and then cured deal with.
  • the method further includes the steps of preparing the first flexible electrode layer and the second flexible electrode layer, and the steps of preparing the first flexible electrode layer and the second flexible electrode layer include: The carbon nanotubes and the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonic acid are mixed in a solvent to obtain a mixed solution; the mixed solution is subjected to suction filtration to obtain the first flexible An electrode layer and the second flexible electrode layer;
  • the mass volume ratio of the carbon nanotubes and the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonic acid is 1-3 mg:0.5-1.5 ml.
  • the step of mixing the carbon nanotubes and the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonic acid in a solvent includes: combining carbon nanotubes and poly( 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonic acid is mixed with a solvent, and then sonicated under the condition of heating in a water bath.
  • the steps of the semi-curing treatment and the curing treatment are both left standing at room temperature.
  • the carbon nanotubes are multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
  • a smart device the above-mentioned tactile sensor or the tactile sensor prepared by the above-mentioned tactile sensor preparation method, wherein the smart device is a flexible wearable device, an artificial electronic skin or a medical surgical robot.
  • the above-mentioned tactile sensors adopt carbon nanotubes and PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonic acid)) as the first flexible
  • PEDOT:PSS poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonic acid)
  • the materials of the electrode layer and the second flexible electrode layer combined with the structure of the above-mentioned tactile sensor, shorten the response time of the above-mentioned tactile sensor to external pressure to about 70ms, and the response time is shorter.
  • the linearity and sensitivity of the sensor are improved, and the minimum sensing pressure is 10pa.
  • the above-mentioned tactile sensor can have a wider application prospect and can be used in medical surgical robots.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a touch sensor according to an embodiment
  • Fig. 2 is an actual scanning electron microscope image (SEM) of the convex layer of the tactile sensor shown in Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a preparation flow chart of the preparation method of the tactile sensor according to an embodiment
  • Fig. 4a is a graph of the relative capacitance change of the tactile sensor of embodiment 1 within 10KPa;
  • Fig. 4b is a graph of relative capacitance change of the tactile sensor of embodiment 1 within 180KPa;
  • FIG. 5 is a loop test diagram of the tactile sensor of Example 1.
  • the tactile sensor 100 of an embodiment is a flexible tactile sensor 100 that can be applied to smart devices, such as flexible wearable devices, artificial electronic skins, medical surgical robots, and so on.
  • the tactile sensor 100 includes a convex layer 110, a polymer film layer 120, a first flexible electrode layer 130 and a second flexible electrode layer 140.
  • the protrusion layer 110 includes a film body 112 and a plurality of protrusions 114 formed on one side of the film body 112 and arranged in an array. Please refer to FIG. 2 together.
  • the plurality of protrusions 114 are all cylindrical, and the surface added between the cylinders can reversibly quickly store and release the elastic energy of the deformation caused by the external load, and reduce Response time.
  • each protrusion 114 has a diameter of 50 microns and a height of 50 microns.
  • the thickness of the film body 112 is 100 micrometers to 200 micrometers.
  • the material of the convex layer 110 is a flexible material.
  • the material of the protruding layer 110 is polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), which has good flexibility, biocompatibility, and is non-toxic, which is harmful to the human body. Or other organisms have almost no side effects on the skin surface.
  • PDMS polydimethylsiloxane
  • the raised layer 110 is not limited to PDMS, and may also be Ecoflex series or Bluestar silica gel series.
  • the polymer film layer 120 is disposed on one end of the plurality of protrusions 114 away from the film body 112.
  • the polymer film layer 120 includes a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) layer 122 and a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer 124 formed on one side of the polyvinylidene fluoride layer 122.
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • PDMS polydimethylsiloxane
  • the thickness of the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) layer 122 is 10 ⁇ m-20 ⁇ m; the thickness of the polydimethylsiloxane layer 124 is 10 ⁇ m-20 ⁇ m.
  • the first flexible electrode layer 130 is disposed on the side of the polymer film layer 120 away from the protrusion 114. Specifically, the first flexible electrode 130 is disposed on the side of the polyvinylidene fluoride layer 122 away from the polydimethylsiloxane layer 124.
  • the second flexible electrode layer 140 is disposed on the side of the film body 112 away from the convex layer 110.
  • the materials for preparing the first flexible electrode layer 130 and the second flexible electrode layer 140 both include carbon nanotubes and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonic acid (PEDOT:PSS).
  • the film prepared with carbon nanotubes has strong flexibility and improves the flexibility of the entire material.
  • the carbon nanotubes are multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
  • the carbon nanotubes are not limited to the use of multi-wall carbon nanotubes, but may also be single-wall carbon nanotubes.
  • multi-walled carbon nanotubes and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonic acid are not easy to agglomerate after being ultrasonically dispersed in an alcohol solution, while single-walled carbon nanotubes are easy to agglomerate.
  • the thickness of the first flexible electrode layer 130 is 20-50 microns; the thickness of the second flexible electrode layer 140 is 20-50 microns.
  • the touch sensor 100 further includes a first PBAT (copolymer of butylene adipate and butylene terephthalate) layer disposed between the first flexible electrode layer 130 and the polymer film layer 120, And the second PBAT layer 160 disposed between the second flexible electrode layer 140 and the film body 112.
  • PBAT copolymer of butylene adipate and butylene terephthalate
  • the first PBAT layer 150 and the second PBAT layer 160 are formed by curing the Ecofex prepolymer solution.
  • the protrusion 114 protrusion microarray
  • the protrusion layer 110 When the tactile sensor 100 is in operation, due to the external load, the protrusion 114 (protrusion microarray) of the protrusion layer 110 will be deformed, and this deformation will change the gap between the protrusion layer 110 and the polymer film layer 120.
  • the volume of the intermediate air affects the change of effective dielectric constant and the bulge is compressed by external force.
  • the distance between the first flexible electrode layer 130 and the second flexible electrode layer 140 changes, thereby affecting the size of the capacitance and realizing the function of sensing pressure .
  • the above-mentioned tactile sensor adopts carbon nanotubes and PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonic acid)) as The materials of the first flexible electrode layer and the second flexible electrode layer, combined with the structure of the tactile sensor, shorten the response time of the tactile sensor to the external pressure to about 70 ms, and the response time is shorter.
  • the linearity and sensitivity of the sensor are improved, and the minimum sensing pressure is 10pa.
  • This makes the PDMS-based flexible pressure sensor based on carbon nanotubes and microarray structure have great application prospects in flexible wearable devices, artificial electronic skins, interventional medical robots two-way force feedback, flexible body robots and other applications. .
  • the above-mentioned tactile sensor has a strong anti-oxidation ability, which makes it have strong durability; at the same time, the above-mentioned tactile sensor has been tested for nearly 500 cycles and shows that it has good cycle performance and good stability.
  • the above-mentioned tactile sensor also has the characteristics of good electrode conductivity, low resistance and low power consumption.
  • the manufacturing method of the tactile sensor is a method of manufacturing the above-mentioned tactile sensor, and the manufacturing method of the tactile sensor includes the following steps:
  • the protrusion layer includes a film body and a plurality of protrusions arranged in an array formed on one side of the film body.
  • the material of the raised layer is a flexible material.
  • the material of the protruding layer is polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).
  • the step of making the raised layer includes: coating a polydimethylsiloxane solution containing a basic prepolymer and a crosslinking agent on a mold, and after heating and curing, separate from the mold to obtain Raised layer.
  • the mass ratio of the basic prepolymer to the crosslinking agent is 8-10:1; the basic prepolymer is PDMS; the crosslinking agent is PDMS curing agent; the heating and curing steps are specifically: heating at 50-100°C for 30 -120 minutes.
  • the plurality of protrusions are all cylindrical.
  • Each bump has a diameter of 50 microns and a height of 50 microns.
  • the thickness of the film body is 130 micrometers to 170 micrometers.
  • a photolithography process is used to make the mold.
  • S220 Disposing a polymer film layer on one end of the plurality of protrusions away from the film body.
  • the polymer film layer includes a polyvinylidene fluoride layer and a polydimethylsiloxane layer formed on one side of the polyvinylidene fluoride layer.
  • the thickness of the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) layer is 40 ⁇ m to 60 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the polydimethylsiloxane layer is 90 ⁇ m to 110 ⁇ m.
  • the preparation step of the polymer film layer includes: coating a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) solution containing a base prepolymer and a crosslinking agent on one side of the polyvinylidene fluoride film , Heating and curing to form a polydimethylsiloxane layer on the polyvinylidene fluoride film to obtain a polymer film layer.
  • PDMS polydimethylsiloxane
  • the mass ratio of the basic prepolymer and the crosslinking agent is 10:1; the basic prepolymer is PDMS; the crosslinking agent is a PDMS curing agent; the heating and curing step includes: heating at 50-100° C. for 30-120 minutes.
  • the method of coating a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) solution containing a base prepolymer and a crosslinking agent on one side of the polyvinylidene fluoride film is spin coating.
  • the preparation steps of the polyvinylidene fluoride film are as follows: mix polyvinylidene fluoride and DMF (N,N-dimethylformamide) to form a DMF solution of polyvinylidene fluoride, and combine the polyvinylidene fluoride
  • the ethylene DMF solution is coated on the substrate and then heated to obtain a polyvinylidene fluoride film.
  • the substrate is, for example, a glass substrate or the like.
  • the step of arranging the polymer film layer on the end of the plurality of protrusions away from the film body includes: aligning the polydimethylsiloxane layer of the polymer film layer and the protrusions away from the film body.
  • Plasma treatment is performed on one end, and then the side of the polyvinylidene fluoride film on which the polydimethylsiloxane layer is formed is attached to the convex end away from the film body, so that the multiple convex ends are away from the film body.
  • a polymer film layer is placed on it. Specifically, the plasma treatment time is 2-5 minutes.
  • the PDMS surface is activated, the hydrophilicity is improved, and the interaction of the interface is enhanced to make it easier for single molecules to diffuse to the surface, so that the PDMS surface can be modified and bonded.
  • S230 Disposing a first flexible electrode layer on the side of the polymer film layer away from the protrusions.
  • the material for preparing the first flexible electrode layer includes carbon nanotubes and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonic acid.
  • S240 Disposing a second flexible electrode layer on the side of the film body away from the convex layer.
  • the materials for preparing the two flexible electrode layers include carbon nanotubes and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonic acid.
  • the carbon nanotubes are multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
  • the carbon nanotubes are not limited to using multi-wall carbon nanotubes, and may also be single-wall carbon nanotubes.
  • multi-walled carbon nanotubes and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonic acid are not easy to agglomerate after being ultrasonically dispersed in an alcohol solution, while single-walled carbon nanotubes are easy to agglomerate.
  • the step of disposing the first flexible electrode layer on the side of the polymer film layer away from the protrusions and S240 of disposing the second flexible electrode layer on the side of the film body away from the protrusions includes : Coat the side of the polymer film layer away from the protrusions and the side of the film body away from the protrusions with a prepolymerization solution of PBAT respectively. After semi-curing, the first flexible electrode layer and the second flexible electrode layer The electrode layers are respectively placed on the side of the polymer film layer away from the protrusions and the side of the film body away from the protrusions, and then cured.
  • the prepolymerization solution of PBAT is Ecoflex prepolymerization solution.
  • the steps of preparing the first flexible electrode layer and the second flexible electrode layer include: mixing carbon nanotubes and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonic acid in a solvent, The mixed solution is obtained; the mixed solution is subjected to suction filtration to obtain the first flexible electrode layer and the second flexible electrode layer respectively.
  • the mass-volume ratio of carbon nanotubes and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonic acid is 1.5-3 mg:1 mL.
  • the solvent is absolute ethanol.
  • the step of mixing carbon nanotubes and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonic acid in a solvent includes: combining carbon nanotubes and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrenesulfonic acid.
  • Oxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonic acid is mixed with a solvent, and then sonicated under the condition of an ice water bath to form a uniformly dispersed mixed liquid.
  • the thickness of the first flexible electrode layer is 10-20 microns; the thickness of the second flexible electrode layer is 10-20 microns.
  • the manufacturing method of the above-mentioned tactile sensor is not limited to the above-mentioned sequence.
  • the sequence of step S130 and step S140 can be replaced.
  • the tactile sensor prepared by the above method adopts carbon nanotubes and PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonic acid)) as the first flexible electrode layer and the second flexible electrode layer.
  • PEDOT:PSS poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonic acid)
  • the material combined with the structure of the above-mentioned tactile sensor, shortens the response time of the above-mentioned tactile sensor to external pressure to about 70ms, and the response time is relatively short.
  • the linearity and sensitivity of the sensor are improved, and the minimum sensing pressure is 10pa.
  • the above preparation method is simple to operate, and at the same time, due to the biocompatibility, low cost, non-toxicity and other characteristics of PDMS itself, combined with a simple structure and an external circuit, the processing difficulty and preparation cost of the sensor are greatly reduced.
  • the smart device is a flexible wearable device, an artificial electronic skin, or a medical surgical robot.
  • the smart device includes the above-mentioned tactile sensor or the tactile sensor prepared by the above-mentioned tactile sensor preparation method.
  • the smart device can make it have higher sensitivity, higher accuracy, larger sensing range and longer service life.
  • the preparation process of the tactile sensor in this implementation is as follows:
  • the layering includes a film body and a plurality of cylindrical protrusions arranged in an array formed on one side of the film body, and each protrusion has a diameter of 50 microns and a height of 50 microns.
  • Plasma treatment is performed on the side of the polydimethylsiloxane layer of the polymer film layer away from the polyvinylidene fluoride layer and the convex end away from the film body for 3 minutes, then stick them together, and then at room temperature Let it stand for 8 hours to obtain a laminate.
  • the manufacturing process of the tactile sensor of this embodiment is roughly the same as that of Embodiment 1, except that the carbon nanotubes in step (5) of this embodiment are single-walled carbon nanotubes.
  • Figure 4a is the relative capacitance change curve of the tactile sensor of embodiment 1 within 10KPa.
  • the data in the graph is calculated by the formula ( ⁇ C/C 0 )/P, where C 0 is the initial capacitance, and ⁇ C is the relative capacitance
  • C 0 is the initial capacitance
  • ⁇ C is the relative capacitance
  • the change value of C 0 , P is the pressure
  • the sensitivity is calculated to be 7.6 MPa -1 , which shows that the tactile sensor of embodiment 1 can clearly distinguish the external pressure.
  • Figure 4b is a graph of the relative capacitance change curve of the tactile sensor of embodiment 1 within 180KPa. It can be seen from the figure that as the external force continues to increase, the sensitivity of the tactile sensor also changes due to the compression of the convex array structure The degree keeps decreasing with the increase of the force.
  • the sensitivity has three obvious stages within 180KPa, which are 7.6MPa -1 , 3.03MPa -1 and 1.66MPa -1 , which shows that the sensitivity is at low, medium and high
  • the change of capacitance under the pressure range has good linearity, which can realize pressure measurement in different pressure ranges.
  • Fig. 5 is a cyclic test diagram of the tactile sensor of embodiment 1. As can be seen from the figure, the tactile sensor of embodiment 1 has relatively high stability.

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Abstract

一种触觉传感器(100)及其制备方法和智能设备,其中该触觉传感器(100)包括凸起层(110)、聚合物薄膜层(120)、第一柔性电极层(130)和第二柔性电极层(140),凸起层(110)包括薄膜本体(112)及形成在薄膜本体(112)的一侧上的呈阵列排布的多个凸起(114),聚合物薄膜层(120)设置在多个凸起(114)的远离薄膜本体(112)的一端上,第一柔性电极层(130)设置在聚合物薄膜层(120)的远离凸起(114)的一侧上,第二柔性电极层(140)设置在薄膜本体(112)的远离凸起层(110)的一侧上,其中,凸起层(110)的材料为柔性材料,第一柔性电极层(130)和第二柔性电极层(140)的材料包括碳纳米管和聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸。该触觉传感器(100)的精度较高、感测范围较大且灵敏度较高,在医疗机器人、可穿戴健康等力感知、触觉感知方面有较大应用潜力。

Description

一种触觉传感器、制备方法及包括触觉传感器的智能设备 技术领域
本发明涉及一种柔性触觉传感器,特别是面向于医疗机器人等应用的触觉传感器及其制备方法和包括触觉传感器的智能设备。
背景技术
近些年来,随着医疗手术机器人领域的不断发展,机器人手的触觉感应的研究和开发收到越来越多的关注。柔性压力传感器是促进医疗装置精确力反馈系统和医疗手术机器人发展的必要装置,意味着对柔性传感器的精度、灵敏度、检测范围等参数的要求越来越高,特别是在工作环境中需要有较强的稳定性。随着柔性材料的发展,满足上述特点的柔性触觉传感器在此基础上应运而生,目前的柔性触觉传感器制备方法主要有以下几种:
(1)将三聚氰胺海绵切成直径为8mm,高10mm的圆柱形,然后将圆柱状的三聚氰胺海绵浸入PEDOT:PSS中溶液(通过将9.5g的PH1000 PEDOT:PSS分散液,0.5g的DMSO和0.1g的4-十二烷基苯磺酸混合制备)15分钟。将过量溶液从样品中挤出后,在100℃的真空烘箱中干燥1h,以获得PEDOT:PSS@MS导电海绵。然后在PEDOT:PSS@导电海绵的两端添加铜/镍与铜线的胶带来制备压力传感器。此方法制备的柔性压阻式触觉传感器具有很高的柔韧性与防氧化能力。
(2)将石墨烯粉、5g PVDF(聚偏氟乙烯)粉末和100ml NMP(N-甲基吡咯烷酮)混合并超声处理5小时,得到最终均匀分散,然后将织物浸入PVDF/石墨烯/NMP分散液中(涂布过程)。完全浸透后,涂有PVDF/石墨烯/NMP的织物通过水箱进行相分离过程。之后,在60℃的环境下进行干燥。收集干燥的PVDF/石墨烯/织布供下次使用,最后将铝箔切成正方形。然后将两片箔纸 放在处理好的织物的两侧,并用胶带密封,完成柔性压电式触觉传感器制备,该柔性传感器具有低功耗的优势,但是灵敏度较低。
(3)将Ecoflex的A与B以1:1的比例混合,然后将方糖模板立即将其浸入Ecoflex预聚物溶液中。将带有糖块的Ecoflex预聚物溶液在真空室内脱气,并在60℃的对流烘箱中固化1h。固化的Ecoflex糖块的糖部分用水溶解,然后在空气中干燥获得多孔结构的介电层。将CNT分散在异丙醇中,并喷涂在基板上。除去涂层掩膜后,将Ecoflex弹性体的预聚物溶液倒入图案化的CNT膜上。然后将Ecoflex预聚物溶液浸入有图案的CNT网络膜中以形成渗透结构。在烘箱中于60℃固化1小时后,将碳纳米管从基板上剥离下来,与多孔结构的介电层结合形成柔性压容式触觉传感器,该传感器具有高灵敏的特点,能够很好地探测外界压力的变化。
(4)使用光刻技术制备PDMS和硅橡胶基板。微流体通道的长度l,宽度w和高度h分别为15mm,500um和80um。经过两层表面处理和粘合,以Go(氧化石墨烯)纳米悬浮液作为传感器的工作流体的引入以及流体入口和出口的密封之后,完成了GO纳米悬浮液为基础的柔性微流体触觉传感器,该设备具有很高的灵活性,能够承受多种变形模式,并能够区分用户所承受的各种机械力,包括压力、拉伸和弯曲。
虽然上述传感器基本可以感测到外界施加的压力,但是却没有一种柔性触觉传感器能够同时兼具精度较高、感测范围较大且灵敏度较高的特性,使得其并不适用于医疗手术机器人。
发明内容
鉴于此,有必要提供一种精度较高、感测范围较大且灵敏度较高的触觉传 感器。
此外,还提供一种触觉传感器的制备方法和智能设备。
一种触觉传感器,包括凸起层、聚合物薄膜层、第一柔性电极层及第二柔性电极层,所述凸起层包括薄膜本体及形成在所述薄膜本体的一侧上的呈阵列排布的多个凸起,所述聚合物薄膜层设置在多个所述凸起的远离所述薄膜本体的一端上,所述第一柔性电极层设置在所述聚合物薄膜层的远离所述凸起的一侧上,所述第二柔性电极层设置在所述薄膜本体的远离所述凸起层的一侧上,其中,所述凸起层的材料为柔性材料,制备所述第一柔性电极层和所述第二柔性电极层的材料包括碳纳米管和聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸。
在其中一个实施例中,所述聚合物薄膜层包括聚偏氟乙烯层及形成在所述聚偏氟乙烯层的一侧上的聚二甲基硅氧烷层,所述聚二甲基硅氧烷层的远离所述聚偏氟乙烯层的一侧朝向多个所述凸起,所述第一柔性电极设置在所述聚偏氟乙烯层的远离所述聚二甲基硅氧烷层的一侧上;
及/或,所述凸起层的材料为聚二甲基硅氧烷。
在其中一个实施例中,多个所述凸起均为圆柱形、圆锥、三角或弹簧状。
在其中一个实施例中,每个所述凸起的直径为20-100微米,高度为20-100微米。
在其中一个实施例中,还包括设置在所述第一柔性电极层和聚合物薄膜层之间第一PBAT层、和设置在所述第二柔性电极层和所述薄膜本体之间的第二PBAT层。
在其中一个实施例中,所述碳纳米管为多壁碳纳米管。
一种触觉传感器的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
制作凸起层,所述凸起层包括薄膜本体及形成在所述薄膜本体的一侧上的 呈阵列排布的多个凸起;
在多个所述凸起的远离所述薄膜本体的一端上设置聚合物薄膜层;
在所述聚合物薄膜层的远离所述凸起的一侧上设置第一柔性电极层,其中,制备所述第一柔性电极层的材料包括碳纳米管和聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸;及
在所述薄膜本体的远离所述凸起层的一侧上设置第二柔性电极层,其中,所述第二柔性电极层的材料包括碳纳米管和聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸。
在其中一个实施例中,所述制作凸起层的步骤包括:将含有基础预聚物和交联剂的聚二甲基硅氧烷溶液涂覆于模具上,经加热固化后,与所述模具分离,得到所述凸起层。
在其中一个实施例中,所述聚合物薄膜层包括聚偏氟乙烯层及形成在所述聚偏氟乙烯层的一侧上的聚二甲基硅氧烷层;
其中,所述在多个所述凸起的远离所述薄膜本体的一端上设置聚合物薄膜层的步骤包括:对所述聚合物薄膜层的所述聚二甲基硅氧烷层和所述凸起的远离所述薄膜本体的一端进行等离子处理,然后将所述聚偏氟乙烯薄膜的形成有所述聚二甲基硅氧烷层的一侧与所述凸起的远离所述薄膜本体的一端贴合,以在多个所述凸起的远离所述薄膜本体的一端上设置所述聚合物薄膜层。
在其中一个实施例中,还包括所述聚合物薄膜层的制备步骤,所述聚合物薄膜层的制备步骤包括:将含有基础预聚物和交联剂的聚二甲基硅氧烷溶液涂覆在聚偏氟乙烯薄膜的一侧上,将加热固化,以在所述聚偏氟乙烯薄膜上形成聚二甲基硅氧烷层,得到所述聚合物薄膜层。
在其中一个实施例中,所述在所述聚合物薄膜层的远离所述凸起的一侧上 设置第一柔性电极层及所述在所述薄膜本体的远离所述凸起层的一侧上设置第二柔性电极层的步骤包括:
在所述聚合物薄膜层的远离所述凸起的一侧和所述薄膜本体的远离所述凸起层的一侧上分别涂覆PBAT的预聚液,经半固化处理后,将所述第一柔性电极层和所述第二柔性电极层分别置于所述聚合物薄膜层的远离所述凸起的一侧和所述薄膜本体的远离所述凸起层的一侧上,再固化处理。
在其中一个实施例中,还包括所述第一柔性电极层及所述第二柔性电极层的制备步骤,所述第一柔性电极层及所述第二柔性电极层的制备步骤包括:将所述碳纳米管和所述聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸在溶剂中混合,得到混合液;将所述混合液进行抽滤处理,分别得到所述第一柔性电极层及所述第二柔性电极层;
在其中一个实施例中,所述碳纳米管和所述聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸的质量体积比为1-3mg:0.5-1.5ml。
在其中一个实施例中,所述将所述碳纳米管和所述聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸在溶剂中混合的步骤包括:将碳纳米管和聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸和溶剂混合,然后在水浴加热的条件下超声处理。
在其中一个实施例中,所述半固化处理和所述固化处理的步骤均为在室温下静置。
在其中一个实施例中,所述碳纳米管为多壁碳纳米管。
一种智能设备,上述触觉传感器或上述触觉传感器的制备方法制备得到的触觉传感器,其中,所述智能设备为柔性可穿戴设备、人造电子皮肤或医疗手术机器人。
相比于现有的制备柔性压力传感器的方法,上述触觉传感器通过采用碳纳 米管和PEDOT:PSS(聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩):聚(苯乙烯磺酸))作为第一柔性电极层和第二柔性电极层的材料,结合上述触觉传感器的结构,使得上述触觉传感器对外界压力的响应时间缩短到70ms左右,响应时间较短。提升了传感器的线性度和灵敏度,最小感测压强为10pa。使得上述触觉传感器能够具有更广泛的应用前景,并且能够应用于医疗手术机器人中。
附图说明
图1为一实施方式的触觉传感器的结构示意图;
图2为图1所示的触觉传感器的凸起层的一种实物的扫描电镜图(SEM);
图3为一实施方式的触觉传感器的制备方法的一种制备流程图;
图4a是实施例1的触觉传感器在10KPa内的相对电容变化曲线图;
图4b是实施例1的触觉传感器在180KPa内的相对电容变化曲线图;
图5为实施例1的触觉传感器的循环测试图。
具体实施方式
为了使本申请的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本申请进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本申请,并不用于限定本申请。
如图1所示,一实施方式的触觉传感器100,该触觉传感器100是一种柔性触觉传感器100,能够应用于智能设备中,例如,柔性可穿戴设备、人造电子皮肤、医疗手术机器人等。该触觉传感器100包括凸起层110、聚合物薄膜层120、第一柔性电极层130及第二柔性电极层140。
凸起层110包括薄膜本体112及形成在薄膜本体112的一侧上的呈阵列排布的多个凸起114。请一并参阅图2,在图示的实施例中,多个凸起114均为 圆柱形,圆柱体之间添加的表面可以可逆地快速存储和释放由外部载荷引起的变形的弹性能,降低响应时间。
进一步地,每个凸起114的直径为50微米,高度为50微米。薄膜本体112的厚度为100微米~200微米。
其中,凸起层110的材料为柔性材料。在其中一个实施例中,凸起层110的材料为聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS),聚二甲基硅氧烷具有较好的柔韧性、生物相容性,且无毒,对人体或其他生物体皮肤表面几乎无副作用。需要说明的是,凸起层110不限于为PDMS,还可以为Ecoflex系列,Bluestar硅胶系列。
聚合物薄膜层120设置在多个凸起114的远离薄膜本体112的一端上。具体地,聚合物薄膜层120包括聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)层122及形成在聚偏氟乙烯层122的一侧上的聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)层124,聚二甲基硅氧烷层124的远离聚偏氟乙烯层122的一侧朝向多个凸起114。
具体地,聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)层122的厚度为10微米~20微米;聚二甲基硅氧烷层124的厚度为10微米~20微米。
第一柔性电极层130设置在聚合物薄膜层120的远离凸起114的一侧上。具体地,第一柔性电极130设置在聚偏氟乙烯层122的远离聚二甲基硅氧烷层124的一侧上。
第二柔性电极层140设置在薄膜本体112的远离凸起层110的一侧上。
其中,制备第一柔性电极层130和第二柔性电极层140的材料均包括碳纳米管和聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸(PEDOT:PSS),由于该材料与碳纳米管所制备的薄膜具有较强的柔韧性,提高整个材料的柔韧性。
具体地,碳纳米管为多壁碳纳米管。需要说明的是,碳纳米管不限于采用多壁碳纳米管,还可以为单壁碳纳米管。然而,多壁碳纳米管与聚(3,4-乙烯二 氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸在酒精溶液中超声分散后不易团聚,而单壁碳纳米管易团聚。
在其中一个实施例中,第一柔性电极层130的厚度为20-50微米;第二柔性电极层140为20-50微米。
进一步地,触觉传感器100还包括设置在第一柔性电极层130和聚合物薄膜层120之间第一PBAT(己二酸丁二醇酯和对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯的共聚物)层、和设置在第二柔性电极层140和薄膜本体112之间的第二PBAT层160。
具体地,第一PBAT层150和第二PBAT层160为Ecofex预聚液固化形成。
在该触觉传感器100在工作时,由于外部载荷的作用,凸起层110的凸起114(凸起微阵列)会产生形变,这种形变会改变凸起层110与聚合物薄膜层120之间的中介空气的体积,影响到有效介电常数的变化以及凸起因外力压缩,第一柔性电极层130及第二柔性电极层140的距离发生变化,从而影响电容的大小,实现感测压力的功能。
上述触觉传感器至少有以下优点:
(1)相比于现有的制备柔性压力传感器的方法,上述触觉传感器通过采用碳纳米管和PEDOT:PSS(聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩):聚(苯乙烯磺酸))作为第一柔性电极层和第二柔性电极层的材料,结合上述触觉传感器的结构,使得上述触觉传感器对外界压力的响应时间缩短到70ms左右,响应时间较短。提升了传感器的线性度和灵敏度,最小感测压强为10pa。使得这种基于碳纳米管和微阵列结构的PDMS基底的柔性压力传感器在柔性可穿戴设备、人造电子皮肤,介入式医疗机器人双向力反馈、柔体机器人等多领域应用中具有很大的应用前景。
(2)且由于PDMS本身具有的生物相容性,低成本,无毒等特性,配合简单的结构和外接电路,极大的降低了传感器的加工难度和制备成本。
(3)上述触觉传感器具有较强的防氧化能力,使得其具有较强的耐久性;同时,上述触觉传感器经过近500次循环测试后表明具有较好的循环性能,稳定性较好。
(4)上述触觉传感器还具有电极导电性好,电阻低及低功耗的特点。
如图3所示,一实施方式的触觉传感器的制备方法,为上述触觉传感器的一种制备方法,该触觉传感器的制备方法包括如下步骤:
S210:制作凸起层。
其中,凸起层包括薄膜本体及形成在薄膜本体的一侧上的呈阵列排布的多个凸起。凸起层的材料为柔性材料。在其中一个实施例中,凸起层的材料为聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)。
在其中一个实施例中,制作凸起层的步骤包括:将含有基础预聚物和交联剂的聚二甲基硅氧烷溶液涂覆于模具上,经加热固化后,与模具分离,得到凸起层。具体地,基础预聚物与交联剂的质量比为8-10:1;基础预聚物为PDMS;交联剂为PDMS固化剂;加热固化的步骤具体为:50-100℃下加热30-120分钟。
在其中一个实施例中,多个凸起均为圆柱形。每个凸起的直径为50微米,高度为50微米。薄膜本体的厚度为130微米~170微米。
在其中一个实施例中,采用光刻工艺制作模具。
S220:在多个凸起的远离薄膜本体的一端上设置聚合物薄膜层。
在其中一个实施例中,聚合物薄膜层包括聚偏氟乙烯层及形成在聚偏氟乙 烯层的一侧上的聚二甲基硅氧烷层。
在其中一个实施例中,聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)层的厚度为40微米~60微米,聚二甲基硅氧烷层厚度90微米~110微米。
在其中一个实施例中,聚合物薄膜层的制备步骤包括:将含有基础预聚物和交联剂的聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)溶液涂覆在聚偏氟乙烯薄膜的一侧上,将加热固化,以在聚偏氟乙烯薄膜上形成聚二甲基硅氧烷层,得到聚合物薄膜层。具体地,基础预聚物与交联剂的质量比为10:1;基础预聚物为PDMS;交联剂为PDMS固化剂;加热固化步骤包括:50-100℃下加热30-120分钟。在其中一个实施例中,将含有基础预聚物和交联剂的聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)溶液涂覆在聚偏氟乙烯薄膜的一侧上的方法为旋涂。
在其中一个实施例中,聚偏氟乙烯薄膜的制备步骤如下:将聚偏氟乙烯与DMF(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)混合,形成聚偏氟乙烯的DMF溶液,将聚偏氟乙烯的DMF溶液涂覆在基板上,然后加热,得到聚偏氟乙烯薄膜。具体地,基板例如为玻璃基板等。
在其中一个实施例中,在多个凸起的远离薄膜本体的一端上设置聚合物薄膜层的步骤包括:对聚合物薄膜层的聚二甲基硅氧烷层和凸起的远离薄膜本体的一端进行等离子处理,然后将聚偏氟乙烯薄膜的形成有聚二甲基硅氧烷层的一侧与凸起的远离薄膜本体的一端贴合,以在多个凸起的远离薄膜本体的一端上设置聚合物薄膜层。具体地,等离子处理的时间为2-5分钟。
可以理解,通过等离子处理,使PDMS表面活化,提升亲水性,增强界面的交互作用使单分子更容易扩散到其表面,使PDMS表面得以改性能够进行键合。
S230:在聚合物薄膜层的远离凸起的一侧上设置第一柔性电极层。
其中,制备第一柔性电极层的材料包括碳纳米管和聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸。
S240:在薄膜本体的远离凸起层的一侧上设置第二柔性电极层。
其中,制备二柔性电极层的材料包括碳纳米管和聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸。
进一步地,碳纳米管为多壁碳纳米管。具体地,需要说明的是,碳纳米管不限于采用多壁碳纳米管,还可以为单壁碳纳米管。然而,多壁碳纳米管与聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸在酒精溶液中超声分散后不易团聚,而单壁碳纳米管易团聚。
在其中一个实施例中,S230在聚合物薄膜层的远离凸起的一侧上设置第一柔性电极层及S240在薄膜本体的远离凸起层的一侧上设置第二柔性电极层的步骤包括:在聚合物薄膜层的远离凸起的一侧和薄膜本体的远离凸起层的一侧上分别涂覆PBAT的预聚液,经半固化处理后,将第一柔性电极层和第二柔性电极层分别置于聚合物薄膜层的远离凸起的一侧和薄膜本体的远离凸起层的一侧上,再固化处理。具体地,半固化处理和固化处理的步骤均为在室温下静置。PBAT的预聚液为Ecoflex预聚液。例如美国Smooth-On的0030的Ecoflex预聚液。
在其中一个实施例中,第一柔性电极层及第二柔性电极层的制备步骤包括:将碳纳米管和聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸在溶剂中混合,得到混合液;将混合液进行抽滤处理,分别得到第一柔性电极层及第二柔性电极层。具体地,碳纳米管和聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸的质量体积比为1.5-3mg:1mL。溶剂为无水乙醇。
在其中一个实施例中,将碳纳米管和聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸 在溶剂中混合的步骤包括:将碳纳米管和聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸和溶剂混合,然后在冰水浴的条件下超声处理,以形成均匀分散的混合液。
在其中一个实施例中,第一柔性电极层的厚度为10-20微米;第二柔性电极层为10-20微米。
需要说明的是,上述触觉传感器的制备方法不限于采用上述顺序,例如步骤S130和步骤S140的顺序可以替换。
上述方法制备得到的触觉传感器通过采用碳纳米管和PEDOT:PSS(聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩):聚(苯乙烯磺酸))作为第一柔性电极层和第二柔性电极层的材料,结合上述触觉传感器的结构,使得上述触觉传感器对外界压力的响应时间缩短到70ms左右,响应时间较短。提升了传感器的线性度和灵敏度,最小感测压强为10pa。
且上述制备方法操作简单,同时,由于PDMS本身具有的生物相容性,低成本,无毒等特性,配合简单的结构和外接电路,极大的降低了传感器的加工难度和制备成本。
一实施方式的智能设备,智能设备为柔性可穿戴设备、人造电子皮肤或医疗手术机器人。其中,智能设备包括上述触觉传感器或上述触觉传感器的制备方法制备得到的触觉传感器。该智能设备通过采用上述触觉传感器,能够使其具有较高的灵敏度、较高的精度,较大的感测范围以及较长的使用寿命。
以下为具体实施例部分:
实施例1
本实施的触觉传感器的制备过程如下:
(1)采用光刻工艺制作具有圆柱形微阵列结构的凹槽模具,将含有质量 比为10:1的基础预聚物和交联剂的聚二甲基硅氧烷溶液涂覆于凹槽模具上,在100℃下加热30分钟,然后静置冷却至室温,得到形成有凸起层的凹槽模具,将凸起层与凹槽模具分离,得到厚度为100微米的凸起层,凸起层包括薄膜本体及形成在薄膜本体的一侧上的呈阵列排布的多个圆柱形的凸起,每个凸起的直径为50微米,高度为50微米。
(2)将聚偏氟乙烯颗粒与DMF中,然后再80℃下搅拌3小时,形成质量百分含量为15%的聚偏氟乙烯的DMF溶液,将聚偏氟乙烯的DMF溶液旋涂在玻璃板上,再在60℃下加热2小时,得到聚偏氟乙烯薄膜。
(3)将含有质量比为10:1的基础预聚物和交联剂的聚二甲基硅氧烷溶液以1500rpm的转速旋涂在聚偏氟乙烯薄膜上,再在100℃下加热30分钟,然后静置冷却至室温,在聚偏氟乙烯薄膜上形成聚二甲基硅氧烷层,得到具有聚偏氟乙烯层和聚二甲基硅氧烷层的聚合物薄膜层。
(4)对聚合物薄膜层的聚二甲基硅氧烷层的远离聚偏氟乙烯层的一侧和凸起的远离薄膜本体的一端进行等离子处理3分钟后贴合在一起,然后再室温下静置8小时,得到层叠件。
(5)将2mg的多壁碳纳米管和1mL的PEDOT:PSS与50ml的无水乙醇混合,并在水浴加热的条件下超声处理1小时,得到混合液;将混合液进行抽滤处理,分别得到厚度为20微米的第一柔性电极层及第二柔性电极层。
(6)将Ecofex预聚液以1800rmp的转速旋涂在步骤(4)的层叠件的聚合物薄膜层的聚偏氟乙烯层的远离聚二甲基硅氧烷层的一侧和薄膜本体的远离凸起层的一侧上,室温下静置7分钟,使其半固化,然后将第一柔性电极层及第二柔性电极层分别转移到至聚合物薄膜层的聚偏氟乙烯层和薄膜本体上半固化的Ecofex上,再在室温下静置3小时,得到触觉传感器。
实施例2
本实施例的触觉传感器的制备过程与实施例1大致相同,区别在于,本实施例的步骤(5)的碳纳米管为单壁碳纳米管。
测试:
(1)采用是德科技Keysight的E4980AL的LCR表进行电容测试,Mark-10 Corporation的ESM303的力学试验机进行压力测试对实施例1的触觉传感器进行受力分析,以获得对应的触觉传感器的相对电容变化曲线。
图4a为实施例1的触觉传感器在10KPa内的相对电容变化曲线图,曲线图中的数据进过公式(ΔC/C 0)/P计算得出,其中C 0为初始电容,ΔC为电容相对C 0的变化值,P为压强,经计算得到其灵敏度为7.6MPa -1,这说明实施例1的触觉传感器能够明显的区分外界压力大小。
图4b为实施例1的触觉传感器在180KPa内的相对电容变化曲线图,从图中可以看出,随着外力的不断增加,触觉传感器的灵敏度也发生了变化,原因是凸起阵列结构的压缩程度随着受力增大而不断减小,其灵敏度在180KPa内有明显的三个阶段,分别为7.6MPa -1、3.03MPa -1及1.66MPa -1,从而说明了在低、中、高的压力范围下电容的变化都具有良好的线性度,能够实现不同压力范围内的压力测量。
(2)采用是德科技Keysight的E4980AL的LCR表进行电容测试,Mark-10 Corporation的ESM303的力学试验机进行压力测试对实施例1觉传感器的循环性能,测试实施例1~2在受压面积及受压压力大小相同的条件下循环500次的电容。
图5为实施例1的触觉传感器的循环测试图,从图中可以看出,实施例1的触觉传感器具有较高的稳定性。
(3)采用是德科技Keysight的E4980AL的LCR表采集电容变化数值以及响应时间对实施例1~2的触觉传感器的响应时间;采用Mark-10 Corporation的ESM303的力学试验机进行压力测试对实施例1~2的触觉传感器的最小感测压强。其中,实施例1的触觉传感器的响应时间和最小感测压强如表1所示。
表1
  响应时间(ms) 最小感测压强(Pa)
实施例1 70 10
从表1中可以看出,上述触觉传感器,具有较高的灵敏度、较高的精度,较大的感测范围。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种触觉传感器,其特征在于,包括凸起层、聚合物薄膜层、第一柔性电极层及第二柔性电极层,所述凸起层包括薄膜本体及形成在所述薄膜本体的一侧上的呈阵列排布的多个凸起,所述聚合物薄膜层设置在多个所述凸起的远离所述薄膜本体的一端上,所述第一柔性电极层设置在所述聚合物薄膜层的远离所述凸起的一侧上,所述第二柔性电极层设置在所述薄膜本体的远离所述凸起层的一侧上,其中,所述凸起层的材料为柔性材料,所述第一柔性电极层和所述第二柔性电极层的材料包括碳纳米管和聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的触觉传感器,其特征在于,所述聚合物薄膜层包括聚偏氟乙烯层及形成在所述聚偏氟乙烯层的一侧上的聚二甲基硅氧烷层,所述聚二甲基硅氧烷层的远离所述聚偏氟乙烯层的一侧朝向多个所述凸起,所述第一柔性电极设置在所述聚偏氟乙烯层的远离所述聚二甲基硅氧烷层的一侧上;
    及/或,所述凸起层的材料为聚二甲基硅氧烷。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的触觉传感器,其特征在于,多个所述凸起均为圆柱形、圆锥、三角或弹簧状。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的触觉传感器,其特征在于,每个所述凸起的直径为20-100微米,高度为20-100微米。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的触觉传感器,其特征在于,还包括设置在所述第一柔性电极层和聚合物薄膜层之间的第一PBAT层,以及设置在所述第二柔性电极层和所述薄膜本体之间的第二PBAT层。
  6. 如权利要求1~5任一项所述的触觉传感器,其特征在于,所述碳纳米管 为多壁碳纳米管。
  7. 一种触觉传感器的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
    制作凸起层,所述凸起层包括薄膜本体及形成在所述薄膜本体的一侧上的呈阵列排布的多个凸起,所述凸起层的材料为柔性材料;
    在多个所述凸起的远离所述薄膜本体的一端上设置聚合物薄膜层;
    在所述聚合物薄膜层的远离所述凸起的一侧上设置第一柔性电极层,其中,制备所述第一柔性电极层的材料包括碳纳米管和聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸;及
    在所述薄膜本体的远离所述凸起层的一侧上设置第二柔性电极层,其中,所述第二柔性电极层的材料包括碳纳米管和聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的触觉传感器的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制作凸起层的步骤包括:将含有基础预聚物和交联剂的聚二甲基硅氧烷溶液涂覆于模具上,经加热固化后,与所述模具分离,得到所述凸起层。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的触觉传感器的制备方法,其特征在于,所述聚合物薄膜层包括聚偏氟乙烯层及形成在所述聚偏氟乙烯层的一侧上的聚二甲基硅氧烷层;
    其中,所述在多个所述凸起的远离所述薄膜本体的一端上设置聚合物薄膜层的步骤包括:对所述聚合物薄膜层的所述聚二甲基硅氧烷层和所述凸起的远离所述薄膜本体的一端进行等离子处理,然后将所述聚偏氟乙烯薄膜的形成有所述聚二甲基硅氧烷层的一侧与所述凸起的远离所述薄膜本体的一端贴合,以在多个所述凸起的远离所述薄膜本体的一端上设置所述聚合物薄膜层。
  10. 如权利要求7或9所述的触觉传感器的制备方法,其特征在于,还包括 所述聚合物薄膜层的制备步骤,所述聚合物薄膜层的制备步骤包括:将含有基础预聚物和交联剂的聚二甲基硅氧烷溶液涂覆在聚偏氟乙烯薄膜的一侧上,加热固化,以在所述聚偏氟乙烯薄膜上形成聚二甲基硅氧烷层,得到所述聚合物薄膜层。
  11. 如权利要求7所述的触觉传感器的制备方法,其特征在于,所述在所述聚合物薄膜层的远离所述凸起的一侧上设置第一柔性电极层及所述在所述薄膜本体的远离所述凸起层的一侧上设置第二柔性电极层的步骤包括:
    在所述聚合物薄膜层的远离所述凸起的一侧和所述薄膜本体的远离所述凸起层的一侧上分别涂覆PBAT的预聚液,经半固化处理后,将所述第一柔性电极层和所述第二柔性电极层分别置于所述聚合物薄膜层的远离所述凸起的一侧和所述薄膜本体的远离所述凸起层的一侧上,再固化处理。
  12. 如权利要求7或11任一项所述的触觉传感器的制备方法,其特征在于,还包括所述第一柔性电极层及所述第二柔性电极层的制备步骤,所述第一柔性电极层及所述第二柔性电极层的制备步骤包括:将所述碳纳米管和所述聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸在溶剂中混合,得到混合液;将所述混合液进行抽滤处理,分别得到所述第一柔性电极层及所述第二柔性电极层。
  13. 如权利要求12所述的触觉传感器的制备方法,其特征在于,所述碳纳米管和所述聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸的质量体积比为1-3mg:0.5-1.5ml。
  14. 如权利要求12所述的触觉传感器的制备方法,其特征在于,所述将所述碳纳米管和所述聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸在溶剂中混合的步骤包括:将碳纳米管、聚(3,4-乙烯二氧噻吩)-聚苯乙烯磺酸和溶剂混合,然后在水浴加热的条件下超声处理。
  15. 如权利要求11所述的触觉传感器的制备方法,其特征在于,所述半固化处理和所述固化处理的步骤均为在室温下静置。
  16. 如权利要求7所述的触觉传感器的制备方法,其特征在于,所述碳纳米管为多壁碳纳米管。
  17. 一种智能设备,其特征在于,包括如权利要求1~6任一项所述的触觉传感器或权利要求7~16任一项所述的触觉传感器的制备方法制备得到的触觉传感器,其中,所述智能设备为柔性可穿戴设备、人造电子皮肤或医疗手术机器人。
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