WO2021250152A1 - Aktivierte pektinhaltige citrusfaser - Google Patents
Aktivierte pektinhaltige citrusfaser Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021250152A1 WO2021250152A1 PCT/EP2021/065576 EP2021065576W WO2021250152A1 WO 2021250152 A1 WO2021250152 A1 WO 2021250152A1 EP 2021065576 W EP2021065576 W EP 2021065576W WO 2021250152 A1 WO2021250152 A1 WO 2021250152A1
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- Prior art keywords
- pectin
- weight
- fiber
- washing
- containing citrus
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
- A23L2/62—Clouding agents; Agents to improve the cloud-stability
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L19/00—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L19/03—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof consisting of whole pieces or fragments without mashing the original pieces
- A23L19/07—Fruit waste products, e.g. from citrus peel or seeds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/20—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents
- A23L29/206—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents of vegetable origin
- A23L29/231—Pectin; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/20—Reducing nutritive value; Dietetic products with reduced nutritive value
- A23L33/21—Addition of substantially indigestible substances, e.g. dietary fibres
- A23L33/22—Comminuted fibrous parts of plants, e.g. bagasse or pulp
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0006—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid
- C08B37/0045—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid alpha-D-Galacturonans, e.g. methyl ester of (alpha-1,4)-linked D-galacturonic acid units, i.e. pectin, or hydrolysis product of methyl ester of alpha-1,4-linked D-galacturonic acid units, i.e. pectinic acid; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0048—Processes of extraction from organic materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L5/00—Compositions of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08L1/00 or C08L3/00
- C08L5/06—Pectin; Derivatives thereof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an activated pectin-containing citrus fiber and a process for its production.
- the invention also relates to the use of the pectin-containing citrus fiber as a thickening or structuring agent in various industrial products.
- the invention also relates to a mixture of the activated pectin-containing citrus fiber with a soluble pectin.
- the invention relates to a food product, feed product, food supplement, drink, cosmetic product, pharmaceutical product or medical product which has been produced using the pectin-containing citrus fiber according to the invention.
- Dietary fibers are largely indigestible food components, mostly carbohydrates, which are mainly found in plant-based foods. For the sake of simplicity, fiber is divided into water-soluble fiber such as pectin and water-insoluble fiber such as cellulose. Dietary fiber is an important part of the human diet.
- the consumption of dietary fiber is considered to be beneficial to health.
- the water-soluble fiber in food increases the volume of food without significantly increasing the energy content. Unless they are sufficiently swollen before ingestion, they will absorb more water in the stomach. The resulting increase in volume leads to an increase in the feeling of satiety.
- dietary fiber increases the length of time the food remains in the intestine or stomach. Water-soluble fiber such as pectin binds bile acids of the cholesterol metabolism in the intestine and thus leads to a lowering of the cholesterol level.
- Soluble fiber in particular should reduce glucose absorption, slow down glucose adsorption and starch processing, and control postprandial glucose levels in the serum.
- Those who eat a lot of fiber have a reduced risk of numerous lifestyle diseases, in particular obesity, high blood pressure, coronary artery disease (CHD), stroke, diabetes and various gastrointestinal diseases.
- CHD coronary artery disease
- DGE German Nutrition Society e. V.
- the use of citrus fibers as dietary fiber in the production of food is becoming increasingly important.
- citrus fibers are a mixture of insoluble dietary fibers such as cellulose and soluble dietary fibers such as pectin and thus ideally result in the health-promoting spectrum of effects listed above.
- the functional properties of food products can be specifically optimized and adjusted, for example with regard to viscosity, emulsion formation, gel formation, dimensional stability or texture.
- Citrus fibers can thus replace other less accepted or even harmful auxiliary substances in food and, as non-E-classified substances, lead to simpler product labeling and thus to increased product acceptance.
- WO 01/17376 A1 relates to a process for the production of dietary fibers with a high water-binding capacity and their use. She teaches a method for the production of fruit fibers, such as apple fibers or citrus fibers, in which plant components are broken down in an acidic environment and then washed with alcohol (see claim 1, page 7, line 16 to page 8, line 5). However, the process only leads to citrus fibers with a water-binding capacity of 17 g of water per g of fiber (page 6, line 18).
- WO 2012/016190 A1 relates to a method for producing citrus fiber from citrus pulp.
- the method includes a homogenization step, followed by a washing step with an organic solvent and a final step for solvent removal and drying (see claim 1 and Examples 1 to 5 on page 14, line 13 to page 16, line 10).
- Due to the necessary homogenization which is preferably high pressure homogenization (page 4, lines 1 to 2), a complex manufacturing process is required in order to obtain fibers with good hydratability and viscosity formation (see page 2, lines 3 to 6).
- WO 94/27451 relates to the production of natural thickeners from citrus fruit and teaches a process in which an aqueous slurry is created from citrus pulp, which is heated to a temperature of 80 to 180 ° C and then subjected to high-pressure homogenization (see summary). .
- a high-pressure homogenization step is necessary in order to obtain fibers with advantageous rheological properties.
- the object of the present invention is to improve the prior art or to offer it an alternative.
- the object set is achieved by a method for producing a pectin-containing citrus fiber, which comprises the following steps:
- step (c) Single or multi-stage separation of the digested material from step (b) from the aqueous suspension;
- step (d) washing the material separated off in step (c) with an aqueous solution and separating off coarse or undigested particles;
- step (e) separating the washed material from step (d) from the aqueous solution
- step (f) washing the separated material from step (e) at least twice with an organic solvent and in each case subsequent separation of the washed material from the organic solvent;
- step (g) Optional additional removal of the organic solvent by contacting the washed material from step (f) with water vapor;
- step (h) drying the material from step (f) or (g) including vacuum drying to obtain the pectin-containing citrus fiber.
- the production process according to the invention leads to citrus fibers with a large internal surface, which also increases the water-binding capacity and is associated with good viscosity formation.
- These fibers represent activated fibers that have sufficient strength in an aqueous suspension so that no additional shear forces are required in order to achieve the optimum rheological properties on the user side To maintain viscosity or texturing.
- the activated pectin-containing citrus fiber is referred to synonymously as pectin-containing citrus fiber in the context of the application.
- the citrus fibers produced using the process according to the invention have good rheological properties.
- the fibers according to the invention can easily be rehydrated and the advantageous rheological properties are retained even after rehydration.
- the production process according to the invention leads to citrus fibers which are to a high degree neutral in taste and odor and are therefore advantageous for use in the food sector.
- the inherent aroma of the other ingredients is not masked and can therefore develop optimally.
- the citrus fibers according to the invention are obtained from citrus fruits and thus represent natural ingredients with known positive properties.
- Vegetable processing residues such as citrus pomace can be used as raw material in the production process according to the invention. These processing residues are inexpensive, are available in sufficient quantities and offer a sustainable and ecologically sensible source for the citrus fibers according to the invention.
- Citrus fibers are established and accepted in the food industry, so that corresponding compositions can be used immediately and internationally without lengthy approval procedures.
- Citrus fruits and preferably processing residues from citrus fruits can be used as raw materials.
- Citrus peel (and here albedo and / or flavedo), citrus vesicles, segmental membranes or a combination thereof can be used as raw material for use in the method according to the invention.
- citrus pulp is used as the raw material, that is to say the press residues of citrus fruits, which typically also contain the pulp in addition to the peel.
- citrus fruits known to the person skilled in the art can be used as citrus fruits.
- the following examples are given here in a non-restrictive manner: mandarins (Citrus reticulata), clementine (Citrus c aurantium clementine group, syn .: Citrus clementina), satsuma (Citrus xaurantium Satsuma group, syn .: Citrus unshiu), mangshan (Citrus mangshanensis), orange (Citrus xaurantium orange group, Syn .: Citrus sinensis), bitter orange (Citrus xaurantium bitter orange group), bergamot (Citrus xaurantium bergamot group, syn .: Citrus bergamia), grapefruit (Citrus maxima), grapefruit (Citrus xaurantium grapefruit group, syn .: Citrus paradisi) pomelo (Citrus xaurantium pomelo group), real lime (Citrus xaur
- the acidic digestion in step (b) of the process serves to remove pectin by converting the protopectin into soluble pectin and at the same time activating the fibers by enlarging the inner surface. Furthermore, the raw material is thermally comminuted by the digestion. Acid incubation in an aqueous medium under the action of heat causes it to break down into citrus fibers. Thermal comminution is thus achieved; a mechanical comminution step is therefore not necessary in the context of the manufacturing process. This represents a decisive advantage over conventional fiber production processes, which, in contrast, require a shearing step (such as, for example, a (high) pressure homogenization) in order to obtain a fiber with sufficient rheological properties.
- a shearing step such as, for example, a (high) pressure homogenization
- the acidic digestion as a process step in the manufacturing process enables the fiber structure to be broken down and subsequent alcoholic washing steps with gentle drying to maintain this structure.
- the activated citrus fiber has less than 10%, preferably less than 8% and particularly preferably less than 6% of water-soluble pectin.
- the activated, pectin-containing citrus fiber advantageously has a water-soluble pectin content of between 2% by weight and 8% by weight and particularly preferably between 2 and 6% by weight.
- the content of water-soluble pectin in this citrus fiber can be, for example, 2% by weight, 3% by weight, 4% by weight, 5% by weight, 6% by weight, 7% by weight, 8% by weight, 9% by weight or 9.5% by weight.
- the raw material is present as an aqueous suspension.
- a suspension is a heterogeneous mixture of substances consisting of a liquid and solid bodies finely distributed therein (raw material particles). Since the suspension tends to sediment and phase separate, the particles are suitably kept in suspension by shaking or stirring. There is therefore no dispersion in which the particles are comminuted by mechanical action (shear) in such a way that they are finely dispersed.
- step (b) the person skilled in the art can use any of the acids or acidic buffer solutions known to him.
- an organic acid such as citric acid can be used.
- a mineral acid can also be used.
- examples include: sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid or sulphurous acid. Preference is given to using nitric acid.
- the liquid for producing the aqueous suspension consists of more than 50% by volume, preferably more than 60, 70, 80 or even 90% by volume of water.
- the liquid does not contain any organic solvent and in particular no alcohol. This is a water-based acidic extraction.
- step (b) in the production process and in particular in the acidic digestion in step (b), there is no enzymatic treatment of the raw material by adding an enzyme, in particular no amylase treatment.
- step (b) takes place in the acidic digestion at a temperature between 60 ° C and 95 ° C, preferably between 70 ° C and 90 ° C and particularly preferably between 75 ° C and 85 ° C.
- the incubation in step (b) takes place over a period of between 60 minutes and 8 hours and preferably between 2 hours and 6 hours.
- the aqueous suspension suitably has a dry matter of between 0.5% by weight and 5% by weight, preferably between 1% by weight and 4% by weight, and particularly preferably between 1, 5% by weight and 3% by weight.
- the aqueous suspension is stirred or shaken during the digestion in step (b). This is preferably done in a continuous manner so that the particles are kept in suspension in the suspension.
- step (c) of the process the digested material is separated from the aqueous solution and thus recovered. This separation takes place as a single-stage or multi-stage separation.
- the digested material is advantageously subjected to a multi-stage separation in accordance with step (c). It is preferred here if ever finer particles are separated off in stages during the separation from the aqueous suspension. This means that, for example, in a two-stage separation, both stages separate larger particles, with finer particles being separated in the second stage compared to the first stage in order to achieve the most complete possible separation of the particles from the aqueous suspension.
- the first separation of particles is preferably carried out with decanters and the second separation with separators. This means that the material becomes more and more finely particulate with each separation step.
- step (d) After the acidic digestion in step (b) and the separation of the digested material in step (c), the separated material is washed with an aqueous solution in step (d). Remaining water-soluble substances such as sugar can be removed by this step.
- the removal of sugar with the help of this step in particular contributes to the fact that the citrus fiber is less adhesive and therefore easier to process and use.
- aqueous solution is understood to mean the aqueous liquid used for washing in step (d).
- the mixture of this aqueous solution and the digested material is known as a “washing mixture”.
- the washing according to step (d) is advantageously carried out with water as an aqueous solution.
- the aqueous solution consists of more than 50% by volume, preferably more than 60, 70, 80 or even 90% by volume of water.
- the aqueous solution does not contain any organic solvent and in particular no alcohol. This results in a water-based washing and precisely no water-alcohol exchange as is the case with fiber washing with a mixture of alcohol and water, this mixture having more than 50% by volume of alcohol and typically an alcohol content of more than 70% by volume.
- a salt solution with an ionic strength of I ⁇ 0.2 mol / 1 can also be used as the aqueous solution.
- the washing according to step (d) is advantageously carried out at a temperature between 30.degree. C. and 90.degree. C., preferably between 40.degree. C. and 80.degree. C. and particularly preferably between 50.degree. C. and 70.degree.
- the period of contact with the aqueous solution takes place over a period of between 10 minutes and 2 hours, preferably between 30 minutes and one hour.
- the dry matter in the washing mixture is between 0.1% by weight and 5% by weight, preferably between 0.5% by weight and 3% by weight and particularly preferably between 1% by weight and 2% by weight.
- step (d) is more advantageously carried out with mechanical agitation of the washing mixture. This is more conveniently done by stirring or shaking the washing mix.
- step (d) coarse or undigested particles are separated off.
- the separation is advantageously carried out using wet sieving. A machine or a belt press can be used for this. As a result, both coarse-particle contamination of the raw material and insufficiently digested material are removed.
- the washed material is separated from the aqueous solution in accordance with step (e). This separation is advantageously carried out with a decanter or a separator.
- step (f) A further washing step then takes place in step (f), but this takes place with an organic solvent. This involves washing at least twice with an organic solvent.
- the organic solvent can also be used as a mixture of the organic solvent and water, this mixture then having more than 50% by volume of organic solvent and preferably more than 70% by volume of organic solvent.
- the organic solvent in step (f) is advantageously an alcohol which can be selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol and isopropanol.
- the washing step takes place at a temperature between 40 ° C and 75 ° C, preferably between 50 ° C and 70 ° C and particularly preferably 60 ° C and 65 ° C.
- step (f) The period of contact in step (f) with the organic solvent takes place over a period of between 60 minutes and 10 hours and preferably between 2 hours and 8 hours.
- Each washing step with the organic solvent comprises bringing the material into contact with the organic solvent for a certain period of time, followed by the separation of the material from the organic solvent.
- a decanter or a press is preferably used for this separation.
- the dry matter in the washing solution is between 0.5% by weight and 15% by weight, preferably between 1.0% by weight and 10% by weight, and particularly preferably between 1.5 wt% and 5.0 wt%.
- the washing with the organic solvent in step (f) is preferably carried out with mechanical agitation of the washing mixture.
- the washing is preferably carried out in a container with a stirrer.
- a device for equalizing the suspension is advantageously used. This device is preferably a ring gear disperser.
- the washing in step (f) with the organic solvent is carried out in a countercurrent process.
- partial neutralization takes place by adding Na or K salts, NaOH or KOH.
- the material When washing with the organic solvent in step (f), the material can also be decolorized. This discoloration can be done by adding one or more oxidizing agents.
- the oxidizing agents chlorine dioxide and hydrogen peroxide, which can be used alone or in combination, may be mentioned here as examples.
- the final concentration of the organic solvent in the solution increases with each washing step.
- This incrementally increasing proportion of organic solvent reduces the water content in the fiber material in a controlled manner, so that the rheological properties of the fibers are retained in the subsequent steps for solvent removal and drying and the activated fiber structure does not collapse.
- the final concentration of the organic solvent in the first washing step is preferably between 60 to 70% by volume, in the second washing step between 70 and 85% by volume and in an optional third washing step between 80 and 90% by volume.
- the solvent can additionally be reduced by bringing the material into contact with water vapor.
- This is preferably carried out with a stripper, in which the material is brought into contact in countercurrent with water vapor as the stripping gas.
- the washed material from step (f) or the stripped material from step (g) is dried, the drying comprising vacuum drying and preferably consisting of vacuum drying.
- vacuum drying the washed material is subjected to negative pressure as dry goods, which reduces the boiling point and thus leads to evaporation of the water even at low temperatures.
- the evaporation heat continuously withdrawn from the dry material is suitably fed from outside until the temperature is constant.
- Vacuum drying has the effect of lowering the equilibrium vapor pressure, which favors capillary transport. This has turned out to be particularly advantageous for the present citrus fiber material, since the activated, opened fiber structures and thus the rheological properties resulting therefrom are retained.
- the vacuum drying is preferably carried out at a negative pressure of less than 400 mbar, preferably less than 300 mbar, further preferably less than 250 mbar and particularly preferably less than 200 mbar.
- step (h) is expediently carried out at a jacket temperature of between 40.degree. C. and 100.degree. C., preferably between 50.degree. C. and 90.degree. C. and particularly preferably between 60.degree. C. and 80.degree.
- the product is expediently cooled to room temperature.
- the method additionally comprises a comminution, grinding or sieving step.
- a comminution, grinding or sieving step This is advantageously designed such that, as a result, 90% of the particles have a grain size of less than 250 ⁇ m, preferably a grain size of less than 200 ⁇ m and in particular a grain size of less than 150 ⁇ m. With this grain size, the fiber is easy to disperse and shows an optimal swelling capacity.
- the invention provides a pectin-containing citrus fiber which can be obtained by the production method according to the invention.
- the invention provides a pectin-containing citrus fiber which, in a 2.5% by weight suspension, has a flow limit II (rotation) of more than 1.5 Pa and advantageously of more than 2.0 Pa.
- This pectin-containing citrus fiber is preferably obtainable by the process according to the invention or is obtained thereby.
- the invention provides a pectin-containing citrus fiber, which in a
- the invention provides a pectin-containing citrus fiber, which in a fifth aspect, provides a pectin-containing citrus fiber, which in a
- dispersion has a yield point I (rotation) of more than 5.5 Pa and advantageously of more than 6.0 Pa.
- This pectin-containing citrus fiber is preferably obtainable by the process according to the invention or is obtained thereby.
- the invention provides a pectin-containing citrus fiber which, in a 2.5% by weight dispersion, has a yield point I (crossover) of more than 6.0 Pa and advantageously of more than 6.5 Pa.
- This pectin-containing citrus fiber is preferably obtainable by the process according to the invention or is obtained thereby.
- the invention provides a pectin-containing citrus fiber, which in a seventh aspect, provides a pectin-containing citrus fiber, which in a
- This pectin-containing citrus fiber is preferably obtainable by the process according to the invention or is obtained thereby.
- the invention provides a pectin-containing citrus fiber, which in a
- dispersion has a dynamicthenberg number of more than 6.0, advantageously of more than 6.5 and particularly advantageously of more than 7.0.
- This pectin-containing citrus fiber is preferably obtainable by the process according to the invention or is obtained thereby.
- the features of the above-described aspects three to eight can optionally also be combined in any permutation.
- the pectin-containing citrus fiber according to the invention can have all the features of the described aspects three to eight, this pectin-containing citrus fiber preferably being or is obtained by the method according to the invention.
- the pectin-containing citrus fiber has a strength of at least 150 g, particularly advantageously of at least 220 g, in a 4% strength by weight aqueous suspension.
- the pectin-containing citrus fiber preferably has a viscosity of at least 650 mPas, the pectin-containing citrus fiber being dispersed in water as a 2.5% strength by weight solution and the viscosity being measured at a shear rate of 50 s -1 at 20 ° C.
- a pectin-containing citrus fiber with this high viscosity has the advantage that smaller amounts of fibers are required to thicken the end product.
- the fiber also creates a creamy texture.
- the pectin-containing citrus fiber advantageously has a water-binding capacity of more than 22 g / g. Such an advantageously high water-binding capacity leads to a high viscosity and via this then also to a lower fiber consumption with a creamy texture.
- the pectin-containing citrus fiber has a moisture content of less than 15%, preferably less than 10% and particularly preferably less than 8%.
- the pectin-containing citrus fiber in 1.0% aqueous solution has a pH of 3.1 to 4.75 and preferably 3.4 to 4.2.
- the pectin-containing citrus fiber advantageously has a grain size in which at least 90% of the particles are smaller than 250 ⁇ m, preferably smaller than 200 ⁇ m and in particular smaller than 150 ⁇ m.
- the pectin-containing citrus fiber has a brightness value L *> 90, preferably L *> 91 and particularly preferably L *> 92. This means that the citrus fibers are almost colorless and do not lead to any discoloration of the products worth mentioning when used in food products .
- the pectin-containing citrus fiber has a dietary fiber content of 80 to 95%.
- the activated pectin-containing citrus fiber according to the invention is preferably in powder form. This has the advantage that this results in a formulation with a low weight and high storage stability, which can also be used in a simple manner in terms of process technology. This formulation is only made possible by the citrus fiber according to the invention, which, in contrast to modified starches, does not tend to form lumps when stirred into liquids.
- the activated pectin-containing citrus fiber advantageously has a water-soluble pectin content of between 2% by weight and 8% by weight and particularly preferably between 2 and 6% by weight.
- the content of water-soluble pectin in this citrus fiber can be, for example, 2% by weight, 3% by weight, 4% by weight, 5% by weight, 6% by weight, 7% by weight, 8% by weight, 9% by weight or 9.5% by weight.
- a highly esterified pectin is understood to mean a pectin which has a degree of esterification of at least 50%.
- the degree of esterification describes the percentage of carboxyl groups in the galacturonic acid units of the pectin, which are present in esterified form, e.g. as methyl esters.
- the degree of esterification can be determined using the JECFA method (Monograph 19-2016, Joint FAO / WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives).
- the invention relates to the use of the pectin-containing citrus fiber according to the invention as a thickener or structuring agent in a food product, a feed product, a drink or dietary supplement, a cosmetic product, a pharmaceutical product or a medical product.
- the invention relates to a mixture comprising the pectin-containing citrus fiber according to the invention and a soluble pectin, which is preferred a low ester pectin, a high ester pectin or a low ester amidated pectin, or a mixture thereof.
- the invention relates to a food product, a food supplement, a feed product, a drink, a cosmetic product, a pharmaceutical product or a medical product which has been produced using the pectin-containing citrus fiber according to the invention.
- a citrus fiber according to the application is a component consisting mainly of fibers, which is isolated from a non-lignified plant cell wall of a citrus fruit and consists mainly of cellulose.
- fiber is a misnomer because the citrus fibers do not appear macroscopically as fibers, but rather represent a powdery product.
- Other components of citrus fiber include hemicellulose and pectin.
- An activated citrus fiber according to the present application is defined as a distinction from an activatable (and thus only partially activated) citrus fiber by the yield point of the fiber in a 2.5% dispersion or by the viscosity.
- An activated citrus fiber is characterized in that it has a flow limit I (rotation) of more than 5.5 Pa, a flow limit I (crossover) of more than 6.0 Pa or a viscosity of more than 650 mPas.
- a pectin according to the application is defined as a vegetable polysaccharide which, as a polyuronide, consists essentially of ⁇ -1,4-glycosidically linked D-galacturonic acid units.
- the galacturonic acid units are partially esterified with methanol.
- the degree of esterification describes the proportion of carboxyl groups in the galacturonic acid units of the pectin, which are present in esterified form, e.g. as methyl esters.
- a highly esterified pectin is understood to mean a pectin which has a degree of esterification of at least 50%.
- a low methylester pectin on the other hand, has a degree of esterification of less than 50%.
- the degree of esterification describes the percentage of carboxyl groups in the galacturonic acid units of the pectin, which are present in esterified form, for example as methyl esters.
- the degree of esterification can be determined using the JECFA method (Monograph 19-2016, Joint FAO / WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives).
- FIG. 1 a process according to the invention for producing the citrus fiber is shown schematically as a flow diagram.
- the pomace is digested by incubation in an acidic solution at 70 ° to 80 ° C. by hydrolysis 20.
- steps 30a decanter
- 30b separator
- the separated material is washed with an aqueous solution.
- Coarse or undigested particles are separated from the washing mixture obtained in this way by wet sieving.
- step 40 the solid is then separated off from the liquid phase.
- Two alcohol washing steps 50 and 70, each with subsequent solid-liquid separation by means of decanters 60 and 80, are then carried out.
- residual alcohol can be removed by blowing in steam.
- step 100 the fibers are gently dried by means of vacuum drying in order to then obtain the citrus fibers 110 according to the invention.
- This yield point provides information about the structural strength and is determined in the rotation test by increasing the shear stress that acts on the specimen over time until the specimen begins to flow.
- Shear stresses that are below the yield point only cause elastic deformation, which only leads to flow at shear stresses above the yield point. In this determination, this is recorded by measurement by exceeding a specified minimum shear rate. According to the present method, the yield point t 0 [Pa] is exceeded at the shear rate T> 0.1 s _1.
- Measuring device Rheometer Physica MCR series (e.g. MCR 301, MCR 101)
- Measuring system Z3 DIN or CC25
- Measuring cup CC 27 P06 (fluted measuring cup)
- the yield point x 0 (unit [Pa] is read off in section 2 and is the shear stress (unit: [Pa]) at which the shear rate is t ⁇ 0.10 s _1 for the last time.
- yield point (rotation) The yield point measured with the rotation method is also referred to as the “yield point (rotation)”.
- This flow limit also provides information about the structural strength and is determined in the oscillation test by increasing the amplitude at a constant frequency until the sample is destroyed by the ever increasing deflection and then begins to flow.
- the substance behaves like an elastic solid below the flow limit, that is, the elastic components (G ') lie above the viscous components (G "), while when the flow limit is exceeded, the viscous components of the sample increase and the elastic components decrease.
- Measuring device Rheometer Physica MCR series (e.g. MCR 301, MCR 101)
- Measuring system Z3 DIN or CC25
- Measuring cup CC 27 P06 (fluted measuring cup)
- the flow limit measured with the oscillation method is also referred to as the "flow limit (crossover)".
- the dynamic soenberg number W (Windhab E, Maier T, Strukturtechnik 1990, 44: 185f) is a derived quantity in which the elastic components (G ') determined in the oscillation test in the linear viscoelastic range are related to the viscous components (G “) be set:
- W ‘means that the fibers have built up a predominantly elastic structure, while a low value for W indicates structures with clearly viscous components.
- the creamy texture typical of fibers is achieved if the W ‘values are in the range of approx. 6 - 8; if the values are lower, the sample is assessed as watery (less thickened).
- Measuring device Rheometer Physica MCR series, e.g. MCR 301, MCR 101
- Measuring system Z3 DIN or CC25 Measuring cup: CC 27 P06 (fluted measuring cup)
- phase shift angle d is read in the linear viscoelastic range.
- the dynamic leastenberg number W is then calculated using the following formula:
- Measuring device Texture Analyzer TA-XT 2 (Stahle Micro Systems, Godalming, UK)
- Test method / option measurement of the force in the direction of pressure / simple test
- the strength corresponds to the force that the measuring body needs to penetrate 10 mm into the suspension. This force is read from the force-time diagram.
- a set of screens In a screening machine, a set of screens, the mesh size of which always increases from the lower screen to the upper one, is arranged one above the other.
- the sample is placed on the top sieve - the one with the largest mesh size.
- the sample particles with a larger diameter than the mesh size remain on the sieve; the finer particles fall through to the next sieve.
- the proportion of the sample on the various sieves is weighed out and given as a percentage.
- the sample is weighed exactly to two decimal places.
- the sieves are provided with sieve aids and built on top of each other with increasing mesh size.
- the sample is quantitatively transferred to the top sieve, the sieves are clamped and the sieving process runs according to defined parameters.
- the individual sieves are weighed with a sample and a sieve aid and empty with a sieve aid. If only one limit value in the grain size spectrum is to be checked for a product (e.g. 90% ⁇ 250 ⁇ m), then only a sieve with the corresponding mesh size is used.
- the screen structure consists of the following mesh sizes in pm: 1400, 1180, 1000, 710, 500, 355, 250, 150 followed by the bottom.
- the respective amount of the. Submitted water room temperature.
- the precisely weighed amount of fibrous material is measured with the agitator running (Ultra Turrax) at 8000 rpm.
- Level 1 slowly sprinkled directly into the agitator suction. The litter time depends on the amount of fibers; it should last 15 seconds per 2.5 g sample. Then the dispersion is exactly 60 seconds at 8000 rpm.
- Level 1 stirred. If the sample is to be used to determine the viscosity or to determine the flow limit I (rotation), the flow limit I (crossover) or to determine the dynamic Wienenberg number, it is placed in a temperature-controlled water bath at 20 ° C.
- the sample is carefully poured into the measuring system of the rheometer after exactly 1 hour and the respective measurement is started. If the sample settles, it is carefully stirred with a spoon immediately before filling. 8. Production of a 2.5% strength by weight fiber suspension
- the respective amount of the. Submitted water room temperature.
- the precisely weighed amount of fibrous material is slowly sprinkled in with a plastic spoon, stirring constantly.
- the suspension is then stirred until all the fibers are wetted with water. If the sample is to be used to determine the viscosity or to determine the flow limit II (rotation), the flow limit II (crossover) or to determine the dynamicfeldenberg number, it is placed in a temperature-controlled water bath at 20 ° C.
- the sample is carefully poured into the measuring system of the rheometer after exactly 1 hour and the respective measurement is started. If the sample settles, it is carefully stirred with a spoon immediately before filling.
- the sample is allowed to swell with excess water for 24 hours at room temperature. After centrifugation and subsequent decanting of the supernatant, the water-binding capacity can be determined gravimetrically in g H2O / g sample. The pH value in the suspension must be measured and documented.
- Plant fiber 1.0 g (in centrifuge glass)
- WBV water binding capacity
- Measuring device Physica MCR series (e.g. MCR 301, MCR 101)
- Measuring system Z3 DIN or CC25
- the moisture content of the sample is understood to mean the decrease in mass determined according to defined conditions after drying.
- the moisture content of the sample is determined by means of infrared drying with the Sartorius MA-45 moisture analyzer (Sartorius, Göttingen, Germany).
- the color and lightness measurements are carried out with the Minolta Chromameter CR 300 or CR 400.
- the determination of the spectral properties of a sample is based on standard color values.
- the color of a sample is described in terms of its hue, lightness and saturation.
- the color can be represented three-dimensionally with these three basic properties:
- the hues lie on the outer surface of the color body, the brightness changes on the vertical axis and the degree of saturation runs horizontally.
- L * a * b * measurement system i.e. L-star, a-star, b-star
- L * stands for the lightness
- a * and b * indicate both the hue and the saturation
- a * and b * name the positions on two color axes, where a * is assigned to the red-green axis and b * to the blue-yellow axis.
- the device converts the standard color values into L * a * b * coordinates.
- the sample is sprinkled on a white sheet of paper and leveled with a glass stopper.
- the measuring head of the chromameter is placed directly on the sample and the trigger is actuated.
- a triplicate measurement is carried out for each sample and the mean value is calculated.
- the device specifies the L *, a *, b * values with two places after the comma.
- Measuring principle The pectin contained in the fiber-containing samples is converted into the liquid phase by an aqueous extraction. By adding alcohol, the pectin is precipitated from the extract as an alcohol insoluble substance (AIS).
- AIS alcohol insoluble substance
- Extraction 10.0 g of the sample to be examined are weighed into a glass dish. 390 g boiling dist. Water is placed in a beaker and the previously weighed sample is stirred in using the Ultra-Turrax for 1 min at the highest level.
- the sample suspension cooled to room temperature, is divided into four 150 ml centrifuge beakers and centrifuged for 10 min at 4000 x g. The supernatant is collected. The sediment of each beaker is resuspended with 50 g of distilled water and centrifuged again for 10 min at 4000 x g. The supernatant is collected and the sediment is discarded.
- the combined centrifugates are added to approx. 4 l of isopropanol (98%) to precipitate the alcohol-insoluble substance (AIS).
- AIS alcohol-insoluble substance
- the AIS is then placed in about 3 l of isopropanol (98%) in the filter cloth and loosened by hand using gloves.
- the pressing process is repeated, the AIS is removed quantitatively from the filter cloth, loosened and dried in a drying cabinet at 60 ° C. for 1 hour.
- the pressed, dried substance is weighed to the nearest 0.1 g to calculate the alcohol-insoluble substance (AIS).
- AIS alcohol-insoluble substance
- the calculation of the water-soluble pectin based on the fiber-containing sample is based on the following formula, the water-soluble pectin being obtained as an alcohol-insoluble substance (AIS): dried AIS [#] x 100
- citrus tester 20 hydrolysis (digestion) by incubation in an acidic medium
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP21732268.4A EP4051012A1 (de) | 2020-06-10 | 2021-06-10 | Aktivierte pektinhaltige citrusfaser |
MX2022015426A MX2022015426A (es) | 2020-06-10 | 2021-06-10 | Fibra de citricos activada que contiene pectina. |
BR112022024589A BR112022024589A2 (pt) | 2020-06-10 | 2021-06-10 | Produto alimentício, fibra cítrica contendo pectina, processo de produção, aplicação e mistura que compreendem a dita fibra |
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DE102020115526 | 2020-06-10 | ||
DE102020115526.3 | 2020-06-10 | ||
DE102020122518.0 | 2020-08-28 | ||
DE102020122518.0A DE102020122518B4 (de) | 2020-06-10 | 2020-08-28 | Aktivierte pektinhaltige Citrusfaser, Verfahren zur Herstellung und Verwendung sowie Mischungen hieraus |
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WO2021250152A1 true WO2021250152A1 (de) | 2021-12-16 |
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PCT/EP2021/065576 WO2021250152A1 (de) | 2020-06-10 | 2021-06-10 | Aktivierte pektinhaltige citrusfaser |
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EP (1) | EP4051012A1 (de) |
BR (1) | BR112022024589A2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102020122518B4 (de) |
MX (1) | MX2022015426A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2021250152A1 (de) |
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DE102020132293A1 (de) | 2020-12-04 | 2022-06-09 | Herbstreith & Fox Gmbh & Co. Kg Pektin-Fabriken | Mehrkomponentensystem zur Herstellung von Soßen und/oder Suppen auf pflanzlicher Basis |
DE102021134027A1 (de) | 2021-12-21 | 2023-06-22 | Albert Handtmann Maschinenfabrik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Pektinhaltiges, mehrschichtiges Lebensmittelprodukt und Extrusionsverfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
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WO1994027451A1 (en) | 1993-05-28 | 1994-12-08 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method for producing a natural citrus pulp thickener, stabilizer and cloud agent for beverages |
DE19943188A1 (de) * | 1999-09-09 | 2001-03-15 | Herbstreith & Fox Kg Pektin Fa | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Ballaststoffen mit hohem Wasserbindevermögen und deren Anwendung |
EP0991669B1 (de) * | 1997-06-23 | 2001-09-05 | Danisco A/S | Verfahren zur herstellung von pektin-fraktionen, diese fraktionen und ihre verwendung |
WO2012016190A1 (en) | 2010-07-30 | 2012-02-02 | Cargill, Incorporated | Process for obtaining citrus fiber from citrus pulp |
US8592575B2 (en) * | 2011-06-06 | 2013-11-26 | Cp Kelco Aps | Process for extraction of pectin |
CN108641012A (zh) * | 2018-03-12 | 2018-10-12 | 湖北大学知行学院 | 一种以野生皱皮柑为原料提取果胶的方法 |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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MX2007000412A (es) | 2004-07-12 | 2007-03-28 | Cargill Inc | Proceso de extraccion de fibras de citricos a partir de vesiculas de citricos. |
CN104780773B (zh) | 2012-01-20 | 2021-05-07 | 卡吉尔公司 | 从柑橘果皮获得柑橘纤维的方法 |
PL3466983T3 (pl) | 2017-02-15 | 2021-12-20 | Cp Kelco Aps | Aktywowane kompozycje biomasy zawierającej pektynę, produkty i sposoby wytwarzania |
CN109832632A (zh) | 2019-04-08 | 2019-06-04 | 河北兄弟伊兰食品科技股份有限公司 | 一种高分散性柑橘纤维的工业制备方法 |
-
2020
- 2020-08-28 DE DE102020122518.0A patent/DE102020122518B4/de active Active
-
2021
- 2021-06-10 EP EP21732268.4A patent/EP4051012A1/de active Pending
- 2021-06-10 BR BR112022024589A patent/BR112022024589A2/pt unknown
- 2021-06-10 MX MX2022015426A patent/MX2022015426A/es unknown
- 2021-06-10 WO PCT/EP2021/065576 patent/WO2021250152A1/de unknown
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1994027451A1 (en) | 1993-05-28 | 1994-12-08 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method for producing a natural citrus pulp thickener, stabilizer and cloud agent for beverages |
EP0991669B1 (de) * | 1997-06-23 | 2001-09-05 | Danisco A/S | Verfahren zur herstellung von pektin-fraktionen, diese fraktionen und ihre verwendung |
DE19943188A1 (de) * | 1999-09-09 | 2001-03-15 | Herbstreith & Fox Kg Pektin Fa | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Ballaststoffen mit hohem Wasserbindevermögen und deren Anwendung |
WO2001017376A1 (de) | 1999-09-09 | 2001-03-15 | Herbstreith & Fox Kg | Verfahren zur herstellung von ballaststoffen mit hohem wasserbindevermögen und deren anwendung |
WO2012016190A1 (en) | 2010-07-30 | 2012-02-02 | Cargill, Incorporated | Process for obtaining citrus fiber from citrus pulp |
US8592575B2 (en) * | 2011-06-06 | 2013-11-26 | Cp Kelco Aps | Process for extraction of pectin |
CN108641012A (zh) * | 2018-03-12 | 2018-10-12 | 湖北大学知行学院 | 一种以野生皱皮柑为原料提取果胶的方法 |
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BR112022024589A2 (pt) | 2022-12-27 |
EP4051012A1 (de) | 2022-09-07 |
DE102020122518A1 (de) | 2021-12-16 |
DE102020122518B4 (de) | 2022-05-12 |
MX2022015426A (es) | 2023-01-11 |
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